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{{Short description|Surname list on Caste based community}}
{{Short description|Punjabi and Sindhi caste of Jats and Rajputs}}
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{{infobox caste||caste_name=Bhatti‌|caste_name_in_local=|image=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|abbreviation=|varna=|gotra=|religions={{flatlist|
*[[Hinduism]]
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*[[Sikhism]]
*[[Islam]]
}}|languages={{flatlist|
*[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
*[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]}}|country={{flatlist|
*[[India]]
*[[Pakistan]]}}|region={{flatlist|
*[[Punjab]]
*[[Sindh]]
*[[Rajasthan]]
*[[Haryana]]‌
*[[Azad Kashmir]]}}|ethnicity={{flatlist|
*[[Punjabis|Punjabi]]
*[[Sindhis|Sindhi]]}}|India_migration=|population=|feudal_title=|heraldic_title=|lineage=|subdivisions=|related=}}

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
'''Bhatti''' is a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] and [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] caste of [[Jats]] and [[Rajputs]]. They are linked to the [[Bhatia caste|Bhatia]]s and [[Bhutto (clan)|Bhuttos]], all of whom claim to originate from the [[Hindus|Hindu]] Bhati Rajputs.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-yUy7QpJp7MC&dq=://edu/google&pg=PA21 |title=Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 5 |publisher=Epilogue -Jammu Kashmir |page=21 |language=en |quote=Hindu Rajputs have been classified into various ('''sub castes''') like Thakers, Manhas, Chauhan Thakyal, Chandial, Charrak, Kamlak, and Chib Muslim Rajputs have been further divided in to various sub castes such as, Jarral, Malik, Domal, Thakyal, Khokhar, Janjua, Salaria, Bhatti...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Assadi |first=Muzaffar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7HYEAAAQBAJ&dq=://edu/google&pg=PT160 |title=Colonial and Post-Colonial Identity Politics in South Asia: Zaat/Caste Among Muslims |date=2023-11-24 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-003-80246-4 |language=en |quote=Additionally, they ecognized the '''castes''' that underwent conversion owing to political pressure, including Rangres, Bhatti, Gholam Mohamed, Pachada, and Bustee, a caste that may be traced back to Rajputs.}}</ref>
'''Bhatti'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Assadi |first=Muzaffar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7HYEAAAQBAJ&dq=://edu/google&pg=PT160 |title=Colonial and Post-Colonial Identity Politics in South Asia: Zaat/Caste Among Muslims |date=2023-11-24 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-003-80246-4 |language=en |quote=Additionally, they ecognized the '''castes''' that underwent conversion owing to political pressure, including Rangres, [[Bhatti]], Gholam Mohamed, Pachada, and Bustee, a caste that may be traced back to Rajputs.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-yUy7QpJp7MC&dq=://edu/google&pg=PA21 |title=Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 5 |publisher=Epilogue -Jammu Kashmir |page=21 |language=en |quote=Hindu Rajputs have been classified into various ('''sub castes''') like Thakers, Manhas, Chauhan Thakyal, Chandial, Charrak, Kamlak, and Chib Muslim Rajputs have been further divided in to various sub castes such as, Jarral, Malik, Domal, Thakyal, Khokhar, Janjua, Salaria, Bhatti...}}</ref> is a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard Maxwell |author-link=Richard M. Eaton |title=Essays on Islam and Indian history |date=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-565114-0 |location=New Delhi ; New York |pages=345–346 |chapter=The Political and Religious Authority of the Shrine of Baba Farid in Pak-pattan, Punjab}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nazir |first=Pervaiz |date=1993 |title=Social Structure, Ideology and Language: Caste among Muslims |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4400597 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=28 |issue=52 |pages=2897–2900 |jstor=4400597 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qw7-kUkHA_0C&q=Bhatti&pg=PA1 |title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1469-1606 C.E |date=2007 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0857-8 |page=2 |language=en |quote=In the valley of the upper Indus, that is in Ladakh and Little Tibet, the prevailing caste was the Bhatti sub-division of the great Tartar variety of the human race.}}</ref> and a [[Sindhis|Sindhi]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Weekes |first1=Richard V. |title=Muslims Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey; Second Edition, Revised and Expanded |date=1984 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, Conn |isbn=0-313-23392-6 |page=685 |edition=Second}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sindh {{!}} History, Culture & Economy {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sindh-province-Pakistan |website=www.britannica.com |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |date=29 May 2024 |quote=Indigenous groups are the Mehs, or Muhannas, descendants of the ancient Mēds; Sammas and the related Lakhas, Lohānās, Nigamaras, Kahahs, and Channas; Sahtas, Bhattīs, and Thakurs of Rajput origin; Jats and Lorras..}}{{Cn|date=October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Abdulla |first1=Ahmed |title=The Historical Background of Pakistan and Its People |date=1973 |publisher=Tanzeem Publishers |page=96 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfQLAAAAIAAJ |language=en |quote=Among others are the Bhattis, Lakha, Sahetas, Lohanas, Mohano, Dahars, Indhar, Chachar, Dhareja, Rathors, Dakhan, Langah etc. The Mohano tribe is spread over Makran, Sind and southern Punjab. They are also identified with the “Mallah’ of the Punjab and both have in common a sub-section called Manjari. All these old Sindhi tribes are known under the common nomenclature of Sammat.}}</ref> caste of [[Rajputs]].<ref>{{cite book|title= Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims: Tribes, Castes and Communities, Volume 1|author= Nagendra Kr Singh, Abdul Mabud Khan|year=2001|pages=996|publisher= Global Vision Publishing House|isbn= 9788187746003|quote= Some of the gotra are Gill, Kalayana, Shergill, Randhawa, Karu, Kandyara, Bhatti, Sandhu, Nahar, Dhas, Dhab, Hans, Ghusar and Sahole.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zzfs_G7QHoAC&dq=bhatti&pg=PA996}}</ref><ref name="Eaton">{{cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard M. |author-link=Richard M. Eaton |editor-last=Peacock |editor-first=A. C. S. |editor-link=A. C. S. Peacock |title=Islamisation: Comparative Perspectives from History |year=2017 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-1712-9 |page=386 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8C1WDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA386 |chapter=Reconsidering 'Conversion to Islam' in Indian History |quote=... such as the Bhattis, Hans and Dhudhis.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gommans |first=Jos |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1051140387 |title=The Indian Frontier : Horse and Warband in the Making of Empires. |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-36356-3 |location=Milton |oclc=1051140387 |quote=Like most mobile groups of the Arid Zone, the Bhattis were an open ethnic category consisting of all kinds of Jats, and various other groups.}}</ref> and [[Jats]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhavan |first=Purnima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7HJ5idB8_QC&q=bhatti%3F%3Fsuch+Jat%23._Clan%3F&pg=PA105 |title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 |date=2011-11-03 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-975655-1 |page=175 |language=en |quote=Bhatti. Muslim pastoral tribe descended from the Sidhu Brar Jats, found mainly in south and west Panjab}}</ref> The name Bhatti is a Punjabi form of [[Bhati]],<ref>{{Citation |last=Davies |first=C. Collin |title=Bhaṭṭi |date=2012 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]] |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_1385 |access-date= |publisher=Brill |language=en |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_1385}}</ref> and they along with [[Bhutto (clan)|Bhuttos]] and [[Bhatia caste|Bhatia]]s claim to have originated from the [[Hindus|Hindu]] Bhati Rajputs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|first=Tanuja|last=Kothiyal|title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian|publisher=Cambridgr University Press|year=2016|isbn=9781107080317|pages=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA78|quote=the various Hindu Bhati Rajput Bhati sub-clans, like Saran, Moodna, Seora as well as Muslim groups like Bhatti, Bhutto...and the trading community of Bhatiya, all link their origins to the Bhatis}}</ref> The Bhati/Bhatti Rajputs, are descended from a common ancestor, [[Rao Bhatti]], a 3rd-century [[Hinduism|Hindu]] monarch.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Sir Roper |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zykYAAAAYAAJ |title=The Golden Book of India. A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated, of the Indian Empire. With an Appendix for Ceylon |publisher=S. Low, Marston & Company |year=1900 |location=London |page=112 |language=en}}</ref>
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{{infobox caste||caste_name=Bhatti‌|caste_name_in_local=|image=|image_size=|alt=|caption=|abbreviation=|varna=|jati=<!--Jats Not Fell Under Bhramanical order of Jati for genuine reminder-->[[Rajput clans#Chandravansh lineage of Rajputs|Rajput]]|gotra=|religions=*[[File:Om.svg|13px]] [[Hinduism]]
*[[File:Khanda.svg|13px]] [[Sikhism]]
*[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] [[Islam]]|languages=[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]]|country=[[India]], [[Pakistan]]|region=[[Punjab]], [[Sindh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]]‌ and [[Azad Kashmir]]|ethnicity=[[Punjabis|Punjabi]], [[Sindhis|Sindhi]]|India_migration=|population=|feudal_title=|heraldic_title=|lineage=|subdivisions=|related=}}


== Etymology ==
Bhatti is considered a Punjabi form of [[Bhati]].{{Sfn|Davies|2012}}


⚫
== History ==
The Muslim Bhattis had control over Bhatner and settlements around it. The Bhattis later lost Bhatner to the [[Rathore (Rajput clan)|Rathore]]s of [[Bikaner]], who renamed Bhatner as [[Hanumangarh]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hooja|first=Rima|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&q=Jangal+desh|title=A History of Rajasthan|publisher=Rupa & Company|year=2006|isbn=978-81-291-0890-6|pages=385|quote=Bhatner (now known as Hanumangarh, in commemoration of a famous victory by a latter ruler of Bikaner....). Around this renowned Bhatner were the settlements of the chiefly muslim Bhattis}}</ref> In the years preceding the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]]{{Page needed|date=August 2024}}, the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] assigned pioneering [[Jat]] peasants proprietary rights over forested lands frequented by the [[Bhati|Rajputs (Bhattis)]], [[Gurjar]]s, [[Banjara]]s, Passis, and other wandering pastoral groups in [[Delhi]] and western [[Haryana]] regions.<ref>{{cite book |title=Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire |first=Christopher Alan |last=Bayly |author-link=Christopher Bayly |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1990 |pages=143, 188–189 |isbn=978-0-521-38650-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fX2zMfWqIzMC&pg=PA188}}{{Vn|date=October 2024}}</ref>


The Bhattis are [[Punjabis|Punjabi]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard Maxwell |author-link=Richard M. Eaton |title=Essays on Islam and Indian history |date=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-565114-0 |location=New Delhi ; New York |pages=345–346 |chapter=The Political and Religious Authority of the Shrine of Baba Farid in Pak-pattan, Punjab}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nazir |first=Pervaiz |date=1993 |title=Social Structure, Ideology and Language: Caste among Muslims |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4400597 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=28 |issue=52 |pages=2897–2900 |issn=0012-9976 |jstor=4400597}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qw7-kUkHA_0C&q=Bhatti&pg=PA1 |title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1469-1606 C.E |date=2007 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0857-8 |page=2 |language=en |quote=In the valley of the upper Indus, that is in Ladakh and Little Tibet, the prevailing caste was the Bhatti sub-division of the great Tartar variety of the human race.}}</ref> and [[Sindhis|Sindhi]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Weekes |first1=Richard V. |title=Muslims Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey; Second Edition, Revised and Expanded |date=1984 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=0-313-23392-6 |edition=Second |location=Westport, Conn |page=685}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 May 2024 |title=Sindh {{!}} History, Culture & Economy {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sindh-province-Pakistan |website=www.britannica.com |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |quote=Indigenous groups are the Mehs, or Muhannas, descendants of the ancient Mēds; Sammas and the related Lakhas, Lohānās, Nigamaras, Kahahs, and Channas; Sahtas, Bhattīs, and Thakurs of Rajput origin; Jats and Lorras..}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Abdulla |first1=Ahmed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfQLAAAAIAAJ |title=The Historical Background of Pakistan and Its People |date=1973 |publisher=Tanzeem Publishers |page=96 |language=en |quote=Among others are the Bhattis, Lakha, Sahetas, Lohanas, Mohano, Dahars, Indhar, Chachar, Dhareja, Rathors, Dakhan, Langah etc. The Mohano tribe is spread over Makran, Sind and southern Punjab. They are also identified with the “Mallah’ of the Punjab and both have in common a sub-section called Manjari. All these old Sindhi tribes are known under the common nomenclature of Sammat.}}</ref> The Bhats, are descended from a common ancestor, [[Rao Bhati]], a 3rd-century [[Hinduism|Hindu]] monarch.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Lethbridge |first=Sir Roper |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zykYAAAAYAAJ |title=The Golden Book of India. A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated, of the Indian Empire. With an Appendix for Ceylon |publisher=S. Low, Marston & Company |year=1900 |location=London |page=112 |language=en}}</ref> The Muslim Bhattis had control over Bhatner and settlements around it. The Bhattis later lost Bhatner to the [[Rathore (Rajput clan)|Rathore]]s of [[Bikaner]], who renamed Bhatner as [[Hanumangarh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hooja |first=Rima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tosMAQAAMAAJ&q=Jangal+desh |title=A History of Rajasthan |publisher=Rupa & Company |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-291-0890-6 |pages=385 |quote=Bhatner (now known as Hanumangarh, in commemoration of a famous victory by a latter ruler of Bikaner....). Around this renowned Bhatner were the settlements of the chiefly muslim Bhattis}}</ref> In the years preceding the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]]{{Page needed|date=August 2024}}, the [[East India Company|British East India Company]] assigned pioneering [[Jat]] peasants proprietary rights over forested lands frequented by the Rajputs (Bhattis), [[Gurjar]]s, [[Banjara]]s, Passis, and other wandering pastoral groups in [[Delhi]] and western [[Haryana]] regions.{{Sfn|Bayly|1990|pp=143, 188–189}}
==Notable people==

# [[Dulla Bhatti]], a folk hero from [[Pindi Bhattian]], present-day Pakistan, who is famous in Punjab for leading a revolt against the Mughal emperor [[Akbar]] and is thus praised during [[Lohri]].
# [[Jaspal Bhatti]], a famous Indian television personality from [[Amritsar]].
# [[Rai Bhoe Bhatti]], a feudal lord of the clan during the latter half of the 15th century who headed the jagir of present-day [[Nankana Sahib]].
# [[Rai Bular Bhatti]], a feudal lord of the jagir of present-day Nankana Sahib famous for gifting land to [[Guru Nanak]].
# [[Rai Taimoor Khan|Rai Taimoor Khan Bhatti]], Pakistani politician from [[Jhang]].
# [[Raja Aziz Bhatti]], a Pakistani military officer who was awarded posthumously Pakistan's highest military decoration the [[Nishan-e-Haider]].
# [[Raja Muhammad Sarwar|Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti]], a Pakistani military officer from [[Gujar Khan]] district who was awarded posthumously the [[Nishan-e-Haider]].
# [[Shaitan Singh|Shaitan Singh Bhati]], Indian military officer who was awarded India's highest military decoration, the [[Param Vir Chakra]].
# [[Shabbir Sharif|Rana Shabbir Sharif Bhatti]], a Pakistani military officer from [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]] district who was awarded posthumously the [[Nishan-e-Haider]].
# [[Raja Shoukat Aziz Bhatti|Raja Shaukat Aziz Bhatti]], a [[Pakistanis|Pakistani]] politician who is a member of the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab]] since 2024.
# [[Rai Muhammad Murtaza Iqbal]], a Pakistani politician from [[Sahiwal]] who had been a member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] from August 2018 till January 2023.
# [[Rai Hassan Nawaz]], a Pakistani politician from [[Sahiwal]] who has been a member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] since February 2024.
# [[Muhammad Khan Bhatti]], a [[Pakistani]] civil servant who serves in BPS-22 grade as the [[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab|Secretary, Punjab Assembly]].
# Rai Ibrahim Bhatti''',''' the last ruler of the [[Bhatti Rajputs of Kapurthala|state of Kapurthala]] from 1773 to 1779.
# [[Lakhi Rai Jadhaun|Lakhi Rai Bhatti]]''',''' a ruler of Khairpur (now called [[Khairpur Tamewali]]), in [[Bahawalpur]], [[Pakistan]].
# [[ Zahid Mahmood|Zahid Mehmood]]''',''' Pakistani Cricketer from Dadu.


⚫
== See also ==
⚫
*[[Bhati]]
*[[Bhattiana]]
*[[Rajput clans]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite book |last=Bayly |first=Christopher Alan |author-link=Christopher Bayly |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fX2zMfWqIzMC&pg=PA188 |title=Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-521-38650-0 |edition=Reprinted |pages=143, 188–189}}
* {{Citation |last=Davies |first=C. Collin |title=Bhaṭṭi |date=2012 |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/*-SIM_1385 |access-date= |publisher=Brill |language=en |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_1385 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]]}}


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
{{Further|Sidhu#Etymology and Origin|label1=Sidhu Rao}}
{{Rajput Groups of India}}
{{Rajput Groups of India}}
{{Surname|Bhatti}}
{{Gotras of Jats|state=collapsed}}
{{Gotras of Jats|state=collapsed}}
{{Sindhi tribes}}
{{Sindhi tribes}}

Latest revision as of 07:01, 27 December 2024

Bhatti‌
Religions
Languages
Country
Region
Ethnicity

Bhatti is a Punjabi and Sindhi caste of Jats and Rajputs. They are linked to the Bhatias and Bhuttos, all of whom claim to originate from the Hindu Bhati Rajputs.[1][2]

Etymology

Bhatti is considered a Punjabi form of Bhati.[3]

History

The Bhattis are Punjabi[4][5][6] and Sindhi.[7][8][9] The Bhats, are descended from a common ancestor, Rao Bhati, a 3rd-century Hindu monarch.[10] The Muslim Bhattis had control over Bhatner and settlements around it. The Bhattis later lost Bhatner to the Rathores of Bikaner, who renamed Bhatner as Hanumangarh.[11] In the years preceding the Indian rebellion of 1857[page needed], the British East India Company assigned pioneering Jat peasants proprietary rights over forested lands frequented by the Rajputs (Bhattis), Gurjars, Banjaras, Passis, and other wandering pastoral groups in Delhi and western Haryana regions.[12]

References

  1. ^ Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 5. Epilogue -Jammu Kashmir. p. 21. Hindu Rajputs have been classified into various (sub castes) like Thakers, Manhas, Chauhan Thakyal, Chandial, Charrak, Kamlak, and Chib Muslim Rajputs have been further divided in to various sub castes such as, Jarral, Malik, Domal, Thakyal, Khokhar, Janjua, Salaria, Bhatti...
  2. ^ Assadi, Muzaffar (24 November 2023). Colonial and Post-Colonial Identity Politics in South Asia: Zaat/Caste Among Muslims. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-003-80246-4. Additionally, they ecognized the castes that underwent conversion owing to political pressure, including Rangres, Bhatti, Gholam Mohamed, Pachada, and Bustee, a caste that may be traced back to Rajputs.
  3. ^ Davies 2012.
  4. ^ Eaton, Richard Maxwell (2000). "The Political and Religious Authority of the Shrine of Baba Farid in Pak-pattan, Punjab". Essays on Islam and Indian history. New Delhi ; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 345–346. ISBN 978-0-19-565114-0.
  5. ^ Nazir, Pervaiz (1993). "Social Structure, Ideology and Language: Caste among Muslims". Economic and Political Weekly. 28 (52): 2897–2900. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4400597.
  6. ^ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1469-1606 C.E. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 2. ISBN 978-81-269-0857-8. In the valley of the upper Indus, that is in Ladakh and Little Tibet, the prevailing caste was the Bhatti sub-division of the great Tartar variety of the human race.
  7. ^ Weekes, Richard V. (1984). Muslims Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey; Second Edition, Revised and Expanded (Second ed.). Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 685. ISBN 0-313-23392-6.
  8. ^ "Sindh | History, Culture & Economy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. 29 May 2024. Indigenous groups are the Mehs, or Muhannas, descendants of the ancient Mēds; Sammas and the related Lakhas, Lohānās, Nigamaras, Kahahs, and Channas; Sahtas, Bhattīs, and Thakurs of Rajput origin; Jats and Lorras..[citation needed]
  9. ^ Abdulla, Ahmed (1973). The Historical Background of Pakistan and Its People. Tanzeem Publishers. p. 96. Among others are the Bhattis, Lakha, Sahetas, Lohanas, Mohano, Dahars, Indhar, Chachar, Dhareja, Rathors, Dakhan, Langah etc. The Mohano tribe is spread over Makran, Sind and southern Punjab. They are also identified with the "Mallah' of the Punjab and both have in common a sub-section called Manjari. All these old Sindhi tribes are known under the common nomenclature of Sammat.
  10. ^ Lethbridge, Sir Roper (1900). The Golden Book of India. A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and Other Personages, Titled Or Decorated, of the Indian Empire. With an Appendix for Ceylon. London: S. Low, Marston & Company. p. 112.
  11. ^ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. p. 385. ISBN 978-81-291-0890-6. Bhatner (now known as Hanumangarh, in commemoration of a famous victory by a latter ruler of Bikaner....). Around this renowned Bhatner were the settlements of the chiefly muslim Bhattis
  12. ^ Bayly 1990, pp. 143, 188–189.

Sources

Further reading


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