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Coordinates: 56°37′N 23°16′E / 56.617°N 23.267°E / 56.617; 23.267
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| image_flag = Dobele flag.svg
| image_flag = Dobele flag.svg
| flag_size = 120
| flag_size = 120
| image_skyline = Dobeles pilsdrupas - skats uz mūriem pils centrā.jpg
| image_skyline = Dobeles pilsdrupas 1.jpg
| imagesize = 270
| imagesize = 270
| image_caption = Dobele castle ruins.
| image_caption = Dobele castle ruins.
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| coordinates = {{coord|56|37|N|23|16|E|region:LV_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|56|37|N|23|16|E|region:LV_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| nickname =
| nickname =
| leader_title = Chairman of the Dobele County Council
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name =
| leader_name = Ivars Gorskis
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| area_total_km2 = {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|qualifiers|best|raw||P2046|P518=Q16868672}}
| area_total_km2 = {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|qualifiers|best|raw||P2046|P518=Q16868672}}
| area_footnotes = {{wikidata|reference|best||P2046|P518=Q16868672}}
| area_footnotes = {{wikidata|reference|best||P2046|P518=Q16868672}}
Line 49: Line 47:
| timezone1_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| timezone1_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +3
| utc_offset1_DST = +3
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| website =
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Humid continental climate|Dfb]]
| website = {{URL|www.dobele.lv}}
}}[[File:Ethnicities in Dobele.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Proportional distribution of different ethnicities in Dobele]]
}}[[File:Ethnicities in Dobele.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Proportional distribution of different ethnicities in Dobele]]
'''Dobele''' ({{audio|Lv-Dobele.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lang-de|Doblen}}) is a [[town]] in the cultural region [[Zemgale]] in [[Latvia]], and is located near the center of Latvia on the banks of the river [[Bērze]]. It received [[town rights]] in 1917 whilst being a part of the German occupied [[Courland Governorate]] during the [[First World War]].<ref name="DobHis">{{cite web |url=http://www.dobele.lv/?lang=1&mid=7 |title=Pilsēta |publisher=Dobeles pilsētas dome |access-date=2008-03-05}}</ref> As of 2020, the population was 8,856.<ref name=LVannual>{{Cite web | url=http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/en/iedz/iedz__iedzskaits__ikgad/ISG020.px/ | title=ISG020. Population number and its change by statistical region, city, town, 21 development centres and county | publisher=Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia|date=2020-01-01|access-date=2021-02-12}}</ref>
'''Dobele''' ({{audio|Lv-Dobele.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{langx|de|Doblen}}) is a [[town]] in the cultural region [[Zemgale]] in [[Latvia]], and is located near the center of Latvia on the banks of the river [[Bērze]]. It received [[town rights]] in 1917 whilst being a part of the German occupied [[Courland Governorate]] during the [[First World War]].<ref name="DobHis">{{cite web |url=http://www.dobele.lv/?lang=1&mid=7 |title=Pilsēta |publisher=Dobeles pilsētas dome |access-date=2008-03-05}}</ref> As of 2020, the population was 8,856.<ref name=LVannual>{{Cite web | url=http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/en/iedz/iedz__iedzskaits__ikgad/ISG020.px/ | title=ISG020. Population number and its change by statistical region, city, town, 21 development centres and county | publisher=Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia|date=2020-01-01|access-date=2021-02-12}}</ref>


==Name origin==
==Name origin==
Line 60: Line 60:


==Industry==
==Industry==
Dobele is the home of many large enterprises, such as mills, the "Spodrība" chemical plant, and the "Baltic Candles" candle factory.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100829124755/http://www.dobele.lv/page/Uznemejdarbiba_uznemumi Uzņēmumi]</ref>
Dobele is the home of many large enterprises, such as mills, the "Seal" chemical plant, and the "Baltic Candles" candle factory.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100829124755/http://www.dobele.lv/page/Uznemejdarbiba_uznemumi Uzņēmumi]</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
Line 66: Line 66:


==Culture==
==Culture==
The town of Dobele has a Cultural Centre as well as a museum. The town is also the location of 8 nationally protected monuments, such as the old castle, church, and town hall.
The town of Dobele has a Cultural Centre as well as a museum. The town is also the location of 8 nationally protected monuments, such as the old castle, church, and town hall.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sākumlapa en {{!}} Dobeles novada pašvaldība |url=https://www.dobele.lv/en |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=www.dobele.lv}}</ref>


There are several annual festivals and holidays celebrated including the ''Ielīgosim Jāņus'', the Midsummer celebration, and the ''jubileja'', or festival, which changes yearly.
There are several annual festivals and holidays celebrated including the ''Ielīgosim Jāņus'', the Midsummer celebration, and the ''jubileja'', or festival, which changes yearly.

==Climate==
Dobele has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb'').
{{Weather box
|location = Dobele (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1949-present)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = -0.3
|Feb high C = 0.0
|Mar high C = 4.5
|Apr high C = 12.0
|May high C = 17.7
|Jun high C = 20.9
|Jul high C = 23.7
|Aug high C = 23.0
|Sep high C = 17.5
|Oct high C = 10.7
|Nov high C = 4.7
|Dec high C = 1.2
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = -2.6
|Feb mean C = -2.7
|Mar mean C = 0.7
|Apr mean C = 6.6
|May mean C = 12.0
|Jun mean C = 15.6
|Jul mean C = 18.1
|Aug mean C = 17.4
|Sep mean C = 12.6
|Oct mean C = 7.0
|Nov mean C = 2.5
|Dec mean C = -0.8
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = -5.2
|Feb low C = -5.6
|Mar low C = -2.8
|Apr low C = 1.9
|May low C = 6.2
|Jun low C = 10.0
|Jul low C = 12.7
|Aug low C = 12.1
|Sep low C = 8.1
|Oct low C = 3.6
|Nov low C = 0.3
|Dec low C = -3.1
|year low C =
|Jan record high C = 10.4
|Feb record high C = 13.8
|Mar record high C = 20.0
|Apr record high C = 26.5
|May record high C = 30.6
|Jun record high C = 33.1
|Jul record high C = 35.8
|Aug record high C = 35.1
|Sep record high C = 30.7
|Oct record high C = 23.5
|Nov record high C = 16.8
|Dec record high C = 11.5
|year record high C =
|Jan record low C = -34.1
|Feb record low C = -35.9
|Mar record low C = -25.7
|Apr record low C = -13.2
|May record low C = -3.7
|Jun record low C = 0.3
|Jul record low C = 4.7
|Aug record low C = 1.9
|Sep record low C = -3.7
|Oct record low C = -9.2
|Nov record low C = -21.7
|Dec record low C = -31.9
|year record low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 38.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 29.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 29.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 32.3
|May precipitation mm = 42.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 66.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 77.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 64.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 53.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 62.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 45.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 38.8
|year precipitation mm =
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 10
|Feb precipitation days = 8
|Mar precipitation days = 9
|Apr precipitation days = 7
|May precipitation days = 8
|Jun precipitation days = 9
|Jul precipitation days = 10
|Aug precipitation days = 10
|Sep precipitation days = 10
|Oct precipitation days = 11
|Nov precipitation days = 11
|Dec precipitation days = 11
|Jan sun = 40.1
|Feb sun = 69.6
|Mar sun = 147.1
|Apr sun = 209.2
|May sun = 291.4
|Jun sun = 286.8
|Jul sun = 305.5
|Aug sun = 262.9
|Sep sun = 175.9
|Oct sun = 107.7
|Nov sun = 40.5
|Dec sun = 30.7
|year sun =
|Jan percentsun =
|Feb percentsun =
|Mar percentsun =
|Apr percentsun =
|May percentsun =
|Jun percentsun =
|Jul percentsun =
|Aug percentsun =
|Sep percentsun =
|Oct percentsun =
|Nov percentsun =
|Dec percentsun =
|year percentsun =
|source 1 = LVĢMC<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://data.gov.lv/dati/dataset/klimatisko-normu-dati/resource/4ef4a2ac-b439-478a-83b3-cdd39b1eff77
| title = Klimatisko normu dati
| publisher = [[Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre]]
| accessdate = March 24, 2023
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://klimats.meteo.lv/klimats/rekordi/
| title = Gaisa temperatūras rekordi
| publisher = [[Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre]]
| accessdate = March 24, 2023
}}</ref>
|source 2 = NOAA (precipitation days 1981-2010)<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Latvia/WMO_Normals_Excel_Template_Latvia_Dobele.xls
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = March 30, 2023
}}</ref>}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
[[Latvia]]ns make up 75.5% of the population while [[Russia]]ns, at 14%, are a significant minority. Other groups include [[Belarus]]ians - 3.3%, [[Lithuania]]ns - 2.3%, [[Ukraine|Ukrainians]] -1.8%, [[Poland|Poles]] - 1.5%, and 1.6% are of other nationalities.
[[Latvia]]ns make up 75.5% of the population while [[Russia]]ns, at 14%, are a significant minority. Other groups include [[Belarus]]ians - 3.3%, [[Lithuania]]ns - 2.3%, [[Ukraine|Ukrainians]] -1.8%, [[Poland|Poles]] - 1.5%, and 1.6% are of other nationalities.
{{Historical populations
|title=
|source= [[Latvian Geospatial Information Agency]]
|align=none|cols=2
| graph-pos = right
|1840 |100
|1881 |1083
|1914 |2000
|1915 |375
|1925 |1551
|1935 |2470
|1943 |2650
|1959 |6246
|1979 |13027
|1989 |15023
|1997 |12765
|2007 |11146
|2008 |11201
|2009 |11241
|2010 |11214
|2011 |11066
|2012 |10895
|2013 |10771
|2014 |10540
|2015 |10348
|2016 |10113
|2017 |9868
|2018 |9702
|2019 |9575
|2020 |9452
|2021 |9371
|2022 |9225
}}


==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Dobelelutaranu.JPG|Dobele Lutheran church (1495)
File:Dobeles Luteriskā baznīca 2.jpg|Dobele Lutheran church (1495)
File:Dobeles katolubaznica.JPG|Catholic church (2003)
File:Dobeles katolubaznica.JPG|Catholic church (2003)
File:Dobeles stacija 04.JPG|Dobele Railway Station
File:Dobeles stacija 04.JPG|Dobele Railway Station
Line 82: Line 258:


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
*[[Oskars Bārs]] (1848–1914), architect
*[[Alexei Kudrin]], Minister of Finances of Russia
*[[Gunārs Saliņš]] (1924–2010), modernist poet
*[[Andris Naudužs]], racing cyclist
*[[Alexei Kudrin]] (born 1960), politician, economist
*[[Lauris Reiniks]], musician
*[[Linda Mūrniece]] (born 1970), politician, journalist
*[[Gunārs Saliņš]], modernist poet
*[[Uldis Augulis]] (born 1972), politician
*[[Viktors Ščerbatihs]], weightlifter, Olympic silver-medalist
*[[Ritvars Suharevs]], weightlifter
*[[Viktors Ščerbatihs]] (born 1974), weightlifter, Olympic silver-medalist
*[[Andris Naudužs]] (born 1975), racing cyclist
*[[Kristers Tobers]], Football player, Latvia National football team, Lechia Gdansk
*[[Gatis Eglītis]] (born 1978), politician
*[[Lauris Reiniks]] (born 1979), musician
*[[Andrejs Šeļakovs]] (born 1988), basketball player
*[[Māris Bogdanovičs]] (born 1991), cyclist
*[[Emīls Liepiņš]] (born 1992), cyclist
*[[Ritvars Suharevs]] (born 1999), weightlifter
*[[Kristers Tobers]] (born 2000), football player
*[[Daniela Ivanova]] (born 2002), weightlifter


==See also==
==See also==
Line 97: Line 281:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Cities and parishes of Dobele District}}
{{Dobele Municipality}}
{{Latvian regional cities}}
{{Latvian regional cities}}


Line 103: Line 287:


[[Category:Dobele| ]]
[[Category:Dobele| ]]
[[Category:Dobele Municipality]]
[[Category:Populated places in Dobele Municipality]]
[[Category:Towns in Latvia]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Latvia]]
[[Category:1917 establishments in Latvia]]
[[Category:1917 establishments in Latvia]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1917]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1917]]
[[Category:Doblen County]]
[[Category:Dobele county]]

Latest revision as of 13:35, 27 December 2024

Dobele
Town
Dobele castle ruins.
Dobele castle ruins.
Flag of Dobele
Flag
Coat of arms of Dobele
Coat of arms
Dobele is located in Latvia
Dobele
Dobele
Location in Latvia
Coordinates: 56°37′N 23°16′E / 56.617°N 23.267°E / 56.617; 23.267
Country Latvia
MunicipalityDobele Municipality
Town rights1917
Government
 • MayorIvars Gorskis
Area
[1]
 • Total
8.03 km2 (3.10 sq mi)
 • Land7.91 km2 (3.05 sq mi)
 • Water0.12 km2 (0.05 sq mi)
Population
 (2024)[2]
 • Total
8,589
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
LV-370(1-2)
Calling code+371 637
ClimateDfb
Websitewww.dobele.lv
Proportional distribution of different ethnicities in Dobele

Dobele (pronunciationⓘ; German: Doblen) is a town in the cultural region Zemgale in Latvia, and is located near the center of Latvia on the banks of the river Bērze. It received town rights in 1917 whilst being a part of the German occupied Courland Governorate during the First World War.[3] As of 2020, the population was 8,856.[4]

Name origin

[edit]

In a German document from 1254 a place name Dubelene or Dubelone has been used. Later the names Doblene, Doblenen and Doblen also have been used for this inhabited location. The original place name can be reconstructed as Dobelene or Dobeliene, but its origins are linked to the place name duobe (pit or delve) and duobele (dip, dimple). Most likely, the reconstructed place name Dobelene meant 'populated area in a dimple'.[5]

History

[edit]

Dobele is first mentioned in historical sources in 1254; however, at that time it was only a wooden fortress which was destroyed during the Semigallian War of Independence (1279–1290), the final phase of the Northern Crusades in Latvia. On its spot, a new stone castle was erected in 1335 and a small settlement grew up around it. The ruins of this fortress are still visible and are in the process of being restored. The original church was constructed in 1495, and eventually, the fortress developed into a trading post. In the 17th century, a watermill, sawmill, a cardigan mill, and a vinegar-works were constructed during the reign of duke Jacob Kettler. In 1927, the Jelgava–Liepāja Railway connected the city to other important towns and a period of development resulted.

Industry

[edit]

Dobele is the home of many large enterprises, such as mills, the "Seal" chemical plant, and the "Baltic Candles" candle factory.[6]

Education

[edit]

In Dobele, as in other Latvian towns, there are several educational establishments: five comprehensive schools, including the Dobele State Grammar School, four kindergartens, Music and Art schools, a Vocational school and Adult Education Center, as well as Children and Youth Centres.

Culture

[edit]

The town of Dobele has a Cultural Centre as well as a museum. The town is also the location of 8 nationally protected monuments, such as the old castle, church, and town hall.[7]

There are several annual festivals and holidays celebrated including the Ielīgosim Jāņus, the Midsummer celebration, and the jubileja, or festival, which changes yearly.

Climate

[edit]

Dobele has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb).

Climate data for Dobele (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1949-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.4
(50.7) 		13.8
(56.8) 		20.0
(68.0) 		26.5
(79.7) 		30.6
(87.1) 		33.1
(91.6) 		35.8
(96.4) 		35.1
(95.2) 		30.7
(87.3) 		23.5
(74.3) 		16.8
(62.2) 		11.5
(52.7) 		35.8
(96.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.3
(31.5) 		0.0
(32.0) 		4.5
(40.1) 		12.0
(53.6) 		17.7
(63.9) 		20.9
(69.6) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.0
(73.4) 		17.5
(63.5) 		10.7
(51.3) 		4.7
(40.5) 		1.2
(34.2) 		11.3
(52.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.6
(27.3) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		0.7
(33.3) 		6.6
(43.9) 		12.0
(53.6) 		15.6
(60.1) 		18.1
(64.6) 		17.4
(63.3) 		12.6
(54.7) 		7.0
(44.6) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		7.2
(45.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.2
(22.6) 		−5.6
(21.9) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		1.9
(35.4) 		6.2
(43.2) 		10.0
(50.0) 		12.7
(54.9) 		12.1
(53.8) 		8.1
(46.6) 		3.6
(38.5) 		0.3
(32.5) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		3.2
(37.7)
Record low °C (°F) −34.1
(−29.4) 		−35.9
(−32.6) 		−25.7
(−14.3) 		−13.2
(8.2) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		0.3
(32.5) 		4.7
(40.5) 		1.9
(35.4) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−9.2
(15.4) 		−21.7
(−7.1) 		−31.9
(−25.4) 		−35.9
(−32.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38.6
(1.52) 		29.6
(1.17) 		29.6
(1.17) 		32.3
(1.27) 		42.9
(1.69) 		66.6
(2.62) 		77.1
(3.04) 		64.0
(2.52) 		53.8
(2.12) 		62.2
(2.45) 		45.0
(1.77) 		38.8
(1.53) 		580.5
(22.87)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 10 8 9 7 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 114
Mean monthly sunshine hours 40.1 69.6 147.1 209.2 291.4 286.8 305.5 262.9 175.9 107.7 40.5 30.7 1,967.4
Source 1: LVĢMC[8][9]
Source 2: NOAA (precipitation days 1981-2010)[10]

Demographics

[edit]

Latvians make up 75.5% of the population while Russians, at 14%, are a significant minority. Other groups include Belarusians - 3.3%, Lithuanians - 2.3%, Ukrainians -1.8%, Poles - 1.5%, and 1.6% are of other nationalities.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1840 100—    
1881 1,083+983.0%
1914 2,000+84.7%
1915 375−81.2%
1925 1,551+313.6%
1935 2,470+59.3%
1943 2,650+7.3%
1959 6,246+135.7%
1979 13,027+108.6%
1989 15,023+15.3%
1997 12,765−15.0%
2007 11,146−12.7%
2008 11,201+0.5%
2009 11,241+0.4%
YearPop.±%
2010 11,214−0.2%
2011 11,066−1.3%
2012 10,895−1.5%
2013 10,771−1.1%
2014 10,540−2.1%
2015 10,348−1.8%
2016 10,113−2.3%
2017 9,868−2.4%
2018 9,702−1.7%
2019 9,575−1.3%
2020 9,452−1.3%
2021 9,371−0.9%
2022 9,225−1.6%
Source: Latvian Geospatial Information Agency
[edit]
  • Dobele Lutheran church (1495)
    Dobele Lutheran church (1495)
  • Catholic church (2003)
    Catholic church (2003)
  • Dobele Railway Station
    Dobele Railway Station
  • The main square
    The main square
  • 19th-century buildings in the city center
    19th-century buildings in the city center

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Reģionu, novadu, pilsētu un pagastu kopējā un sauszemes platība gada sākumā". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  2. ^ "Iedzīvotāju skaits pēc tautības reģionos, pilsētās, novados, pagastos, apkaimēs un blīvi apdzīvotās teritorijās gada sākumā (pēc administratīvi teritoriālās reformas 2021. gadā)". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  3. ^ "Pilsēta". Dobeles pilsētas dome. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
  4. ^ "ISG020. Population number and its change by statistical region, city, town, 21 development centres and county". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. 2020-01-01. Retrieved 2021-02-12.
  5. ^ Laimute Balode, Ojārs Bušs. No Abavas līdz Zilupei. Vietvārdu cilmes īsā vārdnīca. Rīga : Latviešu valodas aģentūra, 2015, 94.—95. lpp.
  6. ^ Uzņēmumi
  7. ^ "Sākumlapa en | Dobeles novada pašvaldība". www.dobele.lv. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  8. ^ "Klimatisko normu dati". Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Retrieved March 24, 2023.
  9. ^ "Gaisa temperatūras rekordi". Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Retrieved March 24, 2023.
  10. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
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