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{{Short description|20th-century Indonesian military officer}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox officeholder
⚫
| name = Tahi Bonar Simatupang
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant general|Lieutenant General]] (Ret.)
| birth_date = 28 January 1920
| image = Djenderal Major TB Simatupang.png
| death_date = 1 January 1990
| caption = Portrait of Simatupang, 1955
⚫
| birth_place = Sidikalang, [[Dairi Regency|Dairi]], [[North Sumatra]], [[Dutch East Indies]]
| order = 2nd
⚫
| death_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
| office = Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces{{!}}Chief of Staff of the War Forces of the Republic of Indonesia
| image = Kolonel Simatoepang Chef-staf van de TNI, uitgever van de order "staakt het vure…, Bestanddeelnr 344030 010.jpg
| term_start = 29 January 1950
| caption =
| term_end = 4 November 1953
| nickname =
| president = [[Sukarno]]
⚫
| allegiance = {{Flag|Indonesia}}
| predecessor = Lt. Gen. [[Sudirman]]
| branch = [[File:Insignia of the Indonesian Army.svg|25px]] [[Indonesian Army]]
| successor = General [[Abdul Haris Nasution]] (1955)
⚫
| serviceyears = 1942–1959
⚫
| birth_name = Tahi Bonar Simatupang
| rank = [[File:21-TNI Army-LG.svg|25px]] [[Lieutenant General]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1920|01|28|df=y}}
⚫
| commands = Chief of Staff of [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]]
⚫
| birth_place = [[Dairi Regency|Sidikalang, Dairi]], [[Tapanoeli Residency|Tapanoeli]], [[Dutch East Indies]]
| unit =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1990|01|01|1920|01|28|df=y}}
⚫
| battles = [[Indonesian National Revolution]]
⚫
| death_place = [[Jakarta]], Indonesia
| awards =
| resting_place = [[Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery]]
| relations =
| spouse = Sumarti Budiardjo
⚫
| laterwork = [[Ministry of Defence (Indonesia)|Ministry of Defense]], Army Staff College
| relatives = [[Sahala Hamonangan Simatupang]] (brother)
⚫
| allegiance = {{ubl|[[Dutch East Indies]]|[[Indonesia]]}}
| branch = {{ubl|[[Royal Netherlands East Indies Army|Dutch East Indies Army]]|[[Indonesian Army]]}}
⚫
| serviceyears = 1942–1959
| rank = [[Lieutenant general]]
| unit = [[Indonesian Army Corps of Engineers|Engineers]]
⚫
| commands = [[Indonesian National Armed Forces|Indonesian Armed Forces]]
| battles = {{tree list}}
⚫
* [[Indonesian National Revolution]]
** [[Operation Kraai]]
* [[17 October affair]]
* [[Darul Islam rebellion]]{{tree list/end}}
| mawards = [[National Hero of Indonesia]] ([[Posthumous award|posthumous]], 2013)
| military_blank1 = Other works
⚫
| military_data1 = {{ubl|[[Ministry of Defense (Indonesia)|Ministry of Defense]]|[[Indonesian Army Command and General Staff College|Army Staff College]]}}
}}
}}
'''Tahi Bonar Simatupang''' (28 January 1920 – 1 January 1990) was a soldier who served in the [[Indonesian National Revolution]] and went on to become [[Indonesian Military Commander#Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces|chief of staff]] of the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces|Indonesian Armed Forces]].
'''Tahi Bonar Simatupang''' (28 January 1920 – 1 January 1990) was a soldier who served in the [[Indonesian National Revolution]] and went on to become [[Indonesian Military Commander#Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces|chief of staff]] of the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces|Indonesian Armed Forces]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Simatupang was born in Dairi, North Sumatra, then part of Dutch East Indies to a [[Batak]] [[Batak Christian Protestant Church|Protestant]] family.<ref>http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/sby-urges-religious-tolerance-scolds-intimidators-in-speech-at-batak-church/482688</ref> Simatupang attended a [[Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs|Dutch colonial school]], and then moved to [[Jakarta]] in 1937 for further study. Among his friends in the Batak youth in Batavia during that time were [[Oloan Hutapea]] and [[Josef Simanjutak]], future high-ranking [[Indonesian Communist Party]] members [[Lintong Mulia Sitorus]], future [[Indonesian Socialist Party]] secretary general.<ref name="Simatupang 53-4">{{cite book |last1=Simatupang |first1=T.B. |title=The fallacy of a myth |date=1996 |publisher=Pustaka Sinar Harapan |location=Jakarta |isbn=9794163589 |pages=53–4}}</ref> In 1942, he gained entry to the [[Koninklijke Militaire Academie|Dutch Military Academy]], but his studies were interrupted by the [[Dutch East Indies campaign|Japanese conquest]].<ref name="JktEncy">Jakarta Encyclopedia</ref> During the Japanese occupation, Simatupang rented a house with Sitorus and Hutapea in the [[Tanah Tinggi, Johar Baru|Tanah Tinggi]] district of Batavia.<ref name="Simatupang 96-9">{{cite book |last1=Simatupang |first1=T.B. |title=The fallacy of a myth |date=1996 |publisher=Pustaka Sinar Harapan |location=Jakarta |isbn=9794163589 |pages=96–9}}</ref> He notes that other Batak youth called them ''De Drie Musketiers'', that they were often together attending lectures by people such as [[Sutan Sjahrir]] and collecting books about independence movements in other countries.<ref name="Simatupang 96-9" />
Simatupang was born in [[Dairi Regency|Dairi]], [[North Sumatra]], then part of the Dutch East Indies to a [[Batak]] [[Batak Christian Protestant Church|Protestant]] family.<ref>{{Cite web | title=SBY Urges Religious Tolerance, Scolds Intimidators in Speech at Batak Church {{!}} The Jakarta Globe | url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/sby-urges-religious-tolerance-scolds-intimidators-in-speech-at-batak-church/482688 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114162951/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com:80/news/sby-urges-religious-tolerance-scolds-intimidators-in-speech-at-batak-church/482688 | access-date=2024-12-27 | archive-date=2012-01-14}}</ref> Simatupang attended a [[Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs|Dutch colonial school]] and then moved to [[Jakarta]] in 1937 for further study. Among his friends in the Batak youth in Batavia during that time were [[Oloan Hutapea]] and [[Josef Simanjutak]], future high-ranking [[Indonesian Communist Party]] (PKI) members [[Lintong Mulia Sitorus]], future [[Indonesian Socialist Party]] secretary general.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Simatupang |first=Tahi Bonar |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35043446 |title=The fallacy of a myth |date=1996 |publisher=Pustaka Sinar Harapan |others=Peter Suwarno |isbn=979-416-358-9 |location=Jakarta |pages=4–53 |oclc=35043446}}</ref> In 1942, he gained entry to the [[Koninklijke Militaire Academie|Dutch Military Academy]], but his studies were interrupted by the [[Dutch East Indies campaign|Japanese invasion]].<ref name="JktEncy">Jakarta Encyclopedia</ref> During the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Japanese occupation]], Simatupang rented a house with Sitorus and Hutapea in the [[Tanah Tinggi, Johar Baru|Tanah Tinggi]] district of [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Simatupang |first=Tahi Bonar |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35043446 |title=The fallacy of a myth |date=1996 |publisher=Pustaka Sinar Harapan |others=Peter Suwarno |isbn=979-416-358-9 |location=Jakarta |pages=9–96 |oclc=35043446}}</ref> He notes that other Batak youth called them ''De Drie Musketiers'', that they were often together attending lectures by people such as [[Sutan Sjahrir]] and collecting books about independence movements in other countries.<ref name=":0" />


==Military career==
==Military career==
During the [[Indonesian National Revolution]], Simatupang, now a colonel, joined the [[Siliwangi Division]] in Central Java, and by January 1950, following the death of General [[Sudirman]], he was acting chief of staff of the Indonesian Armed Forces (''Angkatan Perang'').<ref name="Kahin">Kahin (1952) pp 185, 455</ref> Like army chief of staff General [[Abdul Harris Nasution|Nasution]], he was an "administrator", committed to the reduction in size of the armed forces after independence had been won in order to bring about a professional military. He opposed efforts by a disgruntled rival, Colonel Bambang Supemo, to replace Nasution, but was himself criticized for apparent political bias after articles he wrote in 1952 were perceived as favoring the [[Socialist Party of Indonesia]] (PSI). After the [[17 October affair|incident on 17 October 1952]], in which the army brought demonstrators and troops to the [[Merdeka Palace]] in an effort to persuade President [[Sukarno]] to dissolve parliament, Simatupang's days were numbered, and on 4 November 1953, his post as chief of staff was abolished, effectively dismissing him.<ref name="Feith">Feith (2007) pp 171–396</ref> He then took a position as an adviser to the Ministry of Defense, and then became a lecturer at the Army Staff College and the Military Legal Academy before resigning from the military altogether in 1959.<ref name="JktEncy" />
During the [[Indonesian National Revolution]], Simatupang, now a colonel, joined the [[Siliwangi Division]] in [[Central Java]], and by January 1950, following the death of General [[Sudirman]], he was acting chief of staff of the Indonesian Armed Forces (''Angkatan Perang'').<ref name="Kahin">Kahin (1952) pp 185, 455</ref> Like Army Chief of Staff General [[Abdul Harris Nasution|Nasution]], he was an "administrator", committed to the reduction in size of the armed forces after independence had been won to bring about a professional military. He opposed efforts by a disgruntled rival, Colonel Bambang Supemo, to replace Nasution, but was himself criticized for apparent political bias after articles he wrote in 1952 were perceived as favoring the [[Socialist Party of Indonesia]] (PSI). After the [[17 October affair|incident on 17 October 1952]], in which the army brought demonstrators and troops to the [[Merdeka Palace]] to persuade President [[Sukarno]] to dissolve parliament, Simatupang's days were numbered, and on 4 November 1953, his post as chief of staff was abolished, effectively dismissing him.<ref name="Feith">Feith (2007) pp 171–396</ref> He then took a position as an adviser to the Ministry of Defense and then became a lecturer at the Army Staff College and the Military Legal Academy before resigning from the military altogether in 1959.<ref name="JktEncy" />


==Post-military life==
==Post-military life==
After his resignation, Simatupang devoted his life to religious duties and writing. He died in Jakarta on the first day of 1990.<ref name="JktEncy" /> In November 2013 Simatupang, together with [[Rajiman Wediodiningrat]] and [[Lambertus Nicodemus Palar]], was declared a [[National Hero of Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite news
After his resignation, Simatupang devoted his life to religious duties and writing. He died in Jakarta on the first day of 1990.<ref name="JktEncy" /> In November 2013, Simatupang, together with [[Rajiman Wediodiningrat]] and [[Lambertus Nicodemus Palar]], was declared a [[National Hero of Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite news
|first = Ina
|first = Ina
|last = Parlina
|last = Parlina
Line 35: Line 50:
|url = http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/09/govt-names-three-new-national-heroes.html
|url = http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/09/govt-names-three-new-national-heroes.html
|date = 9 November 2013
|date = 9 November 2013
|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6L2IthJsx?url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/09/govt-names-three-new-national-heroes.html
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131111001645/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/11/09/govt-names-three-new-national-heroes.html
|archive-date = 10 November 2013
|archive-date = 11 November 2013
|access-date = 11 November 2013
|access-date = 11 November 2013
|url-status = dead
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


== Legacy ==
==Legacy==
T.B. Simatupang is now used as [[Street or road name|street name]] in [[Cilandak|Cilandak, South Jakarta]], and in 2016, his face depicted in the [[Indonesian rupiah|IDR]] [[Coins of the rupiah|500 coins]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=17 AGUSTUS - Serial Pahlawan Nasional: TB Simatupang|url=https://www.tribunnewswiki.com/2019/08/06/pahlawan-nasional-tahi-bonar-simatupang|access-date=2020-08-30|website=Tribunnewswiki.com|language=id-ID}}</ref>
T.B. Simatupang is now used as [[Street or road name|a street name]] in [[Cilandak|Cilandak, South Jakarta]], and his face was depicted in 2016-issue [[500 rupiah coin]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Handayani |first=Maghita Primastya |date=6 August 2019 |title=17 AGUSTUS - Serial Pahlawan Nasional: TB Simatupang |url=https://www.tribunnewswiki.com/2019/08/06/pahlawan-nasional-tahi-bonar-simatupang |access-date=2020-08-30 |website=Tribunnewswiki.com |language=id-ID}}</ref>


==Selected works==
==Selected works==
Line 70: Line 85:


==References==
==References==
* {{Cite book | last = Feith| first = Herbert | year = 2007 | title = The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia | publisher = Equinox Publishing | place = Asia | ISBN = 979-3780-45-2 }}
* {{Cite book | last = Feith| first = Herbert | year = 2007 | title = The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia | publisher = Equinox Publishing | place = Asia | isbn = 978-979-3780-45-0 }}
*{{cite web | title =Tahi Bonar Simatupang | work =Jakarta Encyclopedia | publisher =Jakarta Capital City (official site) | url =http://www.jakarta.go.id/english/encyclopedia/detail/3103 | access-date =20 August 2012 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://archive.is/20130217223654/http://www.jakarta.go.id/english/encyclopedia/detail/3103 | archive-date =17 February 2013 }}
*{{cite encyclopedia | title =Tahi Bonar Simatupang | encyclopedia =Jakarta Encyclopedia | publisher =Jakarta Capital City (official site) | url =http://www.jakarta.go.id/english/encyclopedia/detail/3103 | access-date =20 August 2012 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://archive.today/20130217223654/http://www.jakarta.go.id/english/encyclopedia/detail/3103 | archive-date =17 February 2013 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Kahin |first=George McTurnan
* {{Cite book |last=Kahin |first=George McTurnan
|author-link=George McTurnan Kahin |year=1952 |title=Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia |publisher=Cornell University Press
|author-link=George McTurnan Kahin |year=1952 |title=Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia |publisher=Cornell University Press
|isbn=978-0-8014-9108-5 |location=Ithaca}}
|isbn=978-0-8014-9108-5 |location=Ithaca}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Sudirman]]|as=Commander of the War Forces}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces|Chief of Staff of the Indonesian War Forces]]|years=1950–1953}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Abdul Haris Nasution]]|as=Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff}}
{{s-end}}


{{National Heroes of Indonesia}}
{{National Heroes of Indonesia}}
Line 85: Line 107:
[[Category:Indonesian generals]]
[[Category:Indonesian generals]]
[[Category:Indonesian Lutherans]]
[[Category:Indonesian Lutherans]]
[[Category:Indonesian Protestants]]
[[Category:People from North Sumatra]]
[[Category:People from North Sumatra]]
[[Category:People of Batak descent]]
[[Category:People of Batak descent]]

Latest revision as of 21:31, 27 December 2024

Lieutenant General (Ret.)
T. B. Simatupang
Portrait of Simatupang, 1955
2nd Chief of Staff of the War Forces of the Republic of Indonesia
In office
29 January 1950 – 4 November 1953
PresidentSukarno
Preceded byLt. Gen. Sudirman
Succeeded byGeneral Abdul Haris Nasution (1955)
Personal details
Born
Tahi Bonar Simatupang

(1920-01-28)28 January 1920
Sidikalang, Dairi, Tapanoeli, Dutch East Indies
Died1 January 1990(1990-01-01) (aged 69)
Jakarta, Indonesia
Resting placeKalibata Heroes' Cemetery
SpouseSumarti Budiardjo
RelativesSahala Hamonangan Simatupang (brother)
Military service
Allegiance
Branch/service
Years of service1942–1959
RankLieutenant general
UnitEngineers
CommandsIndonesian Armed Forces
Battles/wars
AwardsNational Hero of Indonesia (posthumous, 2013)
Other works

Tahi Bonar Simatupang (28 January 1920 – 1 January 1990) was a soldier who served in the Indonesian National Revolution and went on to become chief of staff of the Indonesian Armed Forces.

Early life

[edit]

Simatupang was born in Dairi, North Sumatra, then part of the Dutch East Indies to a Batak Protestant family.[1] Simatupang attended a Dutch colonial school and then moved to Jakarta in 1937 for further study. Among his friends in the Batak youth in Batavia during that time were Oloan Hutapea and Josef Simanjutak, future high-ranking Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) members Lintong Mulia Sitorus, future Indonesian Socialist Party secretary general.[2] In 1942, he gained entry to the Dutch Military Academy, but his studies were interrupted by the Japanese invasion.[3] During the Japanese occupation, Simatupang rented a house with Sitorus and Hutapea in the Tanah Tinggi district of Batavia.[4] He notes that other Batak youth called them De Drie Musketiers, that they were often together attending lectures by people such as Sutan Sjahrir and collecting books about independence movements in other countries.[4]

Military career

[edit]

During the Indonesian National Revolution, Simatupang, now a colonel, joined the Siliwangi Division in Central Java, and by January 1950, following the death of General Sudirman, he was acting chief of staff of the Indonesian Armed Forces (Angkatan Perang).[5] Like Army Chief of Staff General Nasution, he was an "administrator", committed to the reduction in size of the armed forces after independence had been won to bring about a professional military. He opposed efforts by a disgruntled rival, Colonel Bambang Supemo, to replace Nasution, but was himself criticized for apparent political bias after articles he wrote in 1952 were perceived as favoring the Socialist Party of Indonesia (PSI). After the incident on 17 October 1952, in which the army brought demonstrators and troops to the Merdeka Palace to persuade President Sukarno to dissolve parliament, Simatupang's days were numbered, and on 4 November 1953, his post as chief of staff was abolished, effectively dismissing him.[6] He then took a position as an adviser to the Ministry of Defense and then became a lecturer at the Army Staff College and the Military Legal Academy before resigning from the military altogether in 1959.[3]

Post-military life

[edit]

After his resignation, Simatupang devoted his life to religious duties and writing. He died in Jakarta on the first day of 1990.[3] In November 2013, Simatupang, together with Rajiman Wediodiningrat and Lambertus Nicodemus Palar, was declared a National Hero of Indonesia.[7]

Legacy

[edit]

T.B. Simatupang is now used as a street name in Cilandak, South Jakarta, and his face was depicted in 2016-issue 500 rupiah coins.[8]

Selected works

[edit]
  • Peloper delam perang peloper dalem damel (1954)
  • Soal-soal politik militer di Indonesia (1956)
  • Pemerintah, masjarakat, Angkatan Perang. Pidatopidato dan karangan-karangan 1955-1958 (1960)
  • Laporan dari Banaran : kisah pengalaman seorang pradjurit selama perang (1961) Released in English in 1972 as Report from Banaran: Experiences during the people's war, translated by Benedict Anderson, E. Graves, John Smail. Released in Dutch language in 1985 as Het laatste jaar van de Indonesische vrijheidsstrijd, 1948-1949 : een authentiek verslag door de voormalig chef-staf van de Indonesische strijdkrachten
  • Capita selecta masalah hankam [oleh] T.B. Simatupang
  • Pembangunan : soal hidup atau mati bagi negara Pantjasila (1968)
  • Pengantar ilmu perang di Indonesia (1968)
  • Komunikasi, konfrontasi, modernisasi dan negara Pancasila yang membangun (1972)
  • Kejakinan dan perdjuangan (1972)
  • Dari Edinburgh ke Jakarta (1974)
  • Ketahanan nasional dalam situasi baru di Asia Tenggara (1976)
  • Het laatste jaar van de Indonesische vrijheidsstrijd, 1948-1949 : een authentiek verslag door de voormalig chef-staf van de Indonesische strijdkrachten (1985)
  • Harapan, keprihatinan dan tekad; Angkatan 45 merampungkan tugas sejarahnya. (1986)
  • Kehadiran Kristen dalam perang, revolusi, dan pembangunan : berjuang mengamalkan Pancasila dalam terang iman (1986)
  • Dari revolusi ke pembangunan (1987)
  • Indonesia : leadership and national security perceptions (1987)
  • Saya adalah orang yang berhutang (1990)
  • Membuktikan ketidakbenaran suatu mitos : menelusuri makna seorang prajurit generasi pembebas bagi masa depan masyarakat, bangsa dan negara (1991) Released in English in 1996 as The fallacy of a myth
  • Iman Kristen dan Pancasila (1995)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "SBY Urges Religious Tolerance, Scolds Intimidators in Speech at Batak Church | The Jakarta Globe". Archived from the original on 2012-01-14. Retrieved 2024-12-27.
  2. ^ Simatupang, Tahi Bonar (1996). The fallacy of a myth. Peter Suwarno. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan. pp. 4–53. ISBN 979-416-358-9. OCLC 35043446.
  3. ^ a b c Jakarta Encyclopedia
  4. ^ a b Simatupang, Tahi Bonar (1996). The fallacy of a myth. Peter Suwarno. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan. pp. 9–96. ISBN 979-416-358-9. OCLC 35043446.
  5. ^ Kahin (1952) pp 185, 455
  6. ^ Feith (2007) pp 171–396
  7. ^ Parlina, Ina (9 November 2013). "Govt names three new national heroes". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  8. ^ Handayani, Maghita Primastya (6 August 2019). "17 AGUSTUS - Serial Pahlawan Nasional: TB Simatupang". Tribunnewswiki.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-08-30.

References

[edit]
Military offices
Preceded byas Commander of the War Forces Chief of Staff of the Indonesian War Forces
1950–1953 		Succeeded byas Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=T._B._Simatupang&oldid=1265626682"