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Coordinates: 18°56′36″N 72°49′53″E / 18.9432°N 72.8313°E / 18.9432; 72.8313
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{{short description|College affiliated with the University of Mumbai}}
[[Image:SXClogo.jpg|right|thumb|<center>St. Xavier's motto:<br>''Provocans ad volandvm''<br><small>(Rousing to fly)</small></center>]]
[[Image:SV401878.JPG|right|thumb|St.Xavier's College, Bombay]]


{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
'''St Xavier's College''' in [[Mumbai]], [[India]] is one of India's oldest and the city's most famous college.
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}


{{Infobox college
It offers [[liberal arts|arts]] and [[science]] degrees. The college is known for its well rounded curriculum and its strong extra-curricular activities such as its famous inter-collegiate festival ''[[Malhar]]''. Famous alumni include [[Sunil Gavaskar]], [[Zubin Mehta]], [[Charles Correa]], [[Alyque Padamsee]], [[Shabana Azmi]],Kavita Krisnamurthy, Suneeta Rao, Shobha De and the notorious [[Cyrus Broacha]].
| name = St. Xavier's College
| image = St. Xavier's College, Mumbai crest.png
| image_size = 125px
| caption = [[Coat of arms|Arms]] of the St. Xavier's College
| motto = ''Provocans Ad Volandum'' {{small|(Latin)}}
| mottoeng = ''Encouraging to Fly’’
| type = [[Private university|Private]]
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2 January 1869}}<ref name="naac1"/>
| founder = [[Society of Jesus]]
| religious_affiliation = Roman Catholic ([[Jesuit]])
| academic_affiliations = International Association of Jesuit Universities<!--AJCU comprises only Jesuit institutions in the US--> <br /> [[University of Mumbai]] <br /> [[Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education]]
| chairman = Fr. Arun de Souza, SJ
| rector = Fr. Keith D’Souza, S.J.
| principal = Rajendra Shinde<ref name="fc">{{cite web|url=http://xaviers.edu/main/index.php/new-beginnings|title=Index|access-date=24 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622222803/http://xaviers.edu/main/index.php/new-beginnings|archive-date=22 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| undergrad = 2,648 (as of 2007)<ref name="pref"/>
| postgrad = 99 (as of 2007)<ref name="pref"/>
| city = [[Mumbai]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| country = India
| coor = {{Coord|18.9432|72.8313|type:edu_source:Googlemaps|display=inline,title}}
| campus = Urban<br>{{convert|2.94| acres|sqm}}
| website = {{URL|www.xaviers.edu|xaviers.edu}}
| logo =
}}


[[File:St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai 02.jpg|thumb|St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai]]
The college building is made in the indo-gothic architecture style and has been declared a heritage structure.


'''St. Xavier's College''' is a private, [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], autonomous higher education institution run by the
It's located in the Metro area in the Colonial District of Mumbai. The college can be easily accessed from [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus]] and [[Marine Lines]] Railway Station.
Bombay Province of the [[Society of Jesus]] in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India. It was founded by the Jesuits on 2 January 1869. The college is affiliated with the [[University of Mumbai]] offering undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Arts, Science, Commerce and Management.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/bestcolleges/2012/ranks.jsp?ST=Science&LMT=1&Y=2012|title=St. Xavier's College Best Science Colleges 2012 India Today Survey|website=indiatoday.intoday.in|access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/best-colleges-2014-18-year-toppers-in-commerce-colleges/1/365534.html|title=Best colleges 2014: 19 year toppers in Commerce colleges|access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/best-colleges-2014-18-year-toppers-in-arts-colleges/1/365535.html|title=Best Colleges 2014: 19 year toppers in Arts colleges|access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref> Xavier's was the first college to be granted autonomy by the University of Mumbai in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/cities/xaviers-becomes-mumbais-first-autonomous-college-419949|title=Xavier's becomes Mumbai's first autonomous college|work=NDTV.com|access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref> In 2006, St. Xavier's was awarded the 'A+' grade by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC).<ref name="ia">{{Cite journal|last2=Pai|first2= Aditi|date=5 June 2006|title=St. Xavier's, Mumbai leaps to No.1, while Presidency, Kolkata makes huge strides| url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20060605/cover1.html|journal=[[India Today]]|last1=Dangor|first1=Kimi| access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034613/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20060605/cover1.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The college is named after [[Francis Xavier]], the 16th-Century Spanish [[Jesuit]] saint. Its campus in South Mumbai is built in the [[Indo-Gothic]] style of architecture, and recognized as a heritage structure.<ref name="ia" /> Founded by German Jesuits in 1869, Xavier's developed rapidly from 1884 to 1914. The imprisonment of German Jesuit priests during the [[First World War]] (1914–1918) led to a dislocation of the administration, which was mitigated by the appointment of other European Jesuits. The college began as an arts institution but by the 1920s had science departments as well. The college was greatly expanded in the 1930s.
==History and goals==
St. Xavier's College, is named after St. Francis Xavier, a Jesuit saint of the 16th Century who travelled to India. The College was founded by the [[Society of Jesus]], a Christian Religious Group started by St. Ignatius of Loyola in 1540. Since its inception, the Jesuits have toiled in the field of education, among other things, and were even called 'the school-masters of Europe' at one time. They are inspired by a vision of humanity drawn from the life, teachings and personality of Jesus Christ.


The college is now run by Indian Jesuits, with a distinct focus on affirmative action for minority students.<ref name="ca"/> It offers undergraduate and post-graduate courses in Arts, Science, Business, Commerce or Public Policy. It is known for its famous inter-collegiate youth festival 'Malhar'.
[[Image:SV400786.JPG|left|thumb|The First Quadrant]]


==History==
St. Xavier's College is a Catholic institution, which strives to form men and women, especially Christians and the marginalised, to build a more just and humane world. The intellectual endeavour it strives for focuses on critical and creative thinking with the aim of social transformation. This endeavour is inspired by the values of the [[Gospels]] - from the [[New Testament]] of the Christian scriptures - while it appreciates and promotes all the other religions, especially the rich religious heritage of India.
[[File:Tombstone of Jesuits German Priests 01.JPG|thumb|Tombstone Tablet of Founders]]
St. Xavier's College was founded on 2 January 1869 in [[Bombay]] by German Jesuits with only two students in attendance. The two students came from a group of six, who appeared for the university matriculation examination in 1868 from St. Mary's Institution. Swiss Jesuit {{Interlanguage link multi|Joseph Michael Willi|de|Joseph Michael Willi|fr|Joseph Willy}} (or Willy), the first principal of the college from 1869 to 1873, and three other Jesuits began lecturing and teaching at the college on 7 January 1869. The college was granted formal recognition by [[Bombay University]] on 30 January 1869. One student joined later in 1870. The first three students graduated in 1871.<ref name="naac1">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/NAAC/General%20Information.pdf|title=General Information (NAAC Re-accreditation Self-study Report)|publisher=[[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC)|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414164026/http://www.xaviers.edu/NAAC/General%20Information.pdf|archive-date=14 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/hfirst.htm|title=First Beginnings|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417151210/http://www.xaviers.edu/hfirst.htm|archive-date=17 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 1884 to 1910, under the patronage of Principal Frederick Dreckmann, the college began to develop rapidly.<ref name="rty"/> The [[Blatter Herbarium]] was established in 1906 by the Swiss Jesuit priest [[Ethelbert Blatter]] and his associates.<ref name="blat">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/museum.htm|title=The Blatter Herbarium|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218122955/http://xaviers.edu/museum.htm|archive-date=18 February 2009}}</ref> The hostel was completed in 1909, while the east–west science wing, costing [[Indian rupee|Rs]]. 200,000, was completed in 1912. The Government provided grants of Rs. 70,000 and Rs. 37,000 for the two additional buildings of the college. The college first admitted women in 1912.<ref name="rty">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/hfurther.htm|title=Further Developments|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417151215/http://www.xaviers.edu/hfurther.htm|archive-date=17 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>


[[File:Sir Leslie Wilson.jpg|thumb|right|[[Leslie Orme Wilson]], [[Governor of Bombay]] (1923–1926), inaugurated the extension of the east–west science wing in 1926]]
The College makes a preferential option for the marginalised and it seeks to give an all-round formation, inculcating both human and spiritual values. St. Xavier's College is part of the vast educational efforts of the [[Jesuits in India]] and throughout the world. (At present Jesuits run about 100 schools, 24 colleges, and innumerable non-formal and adult education centres in India.)
Being a German institute in [[British India]], the college suffered wide repercussions during the [[First World War]] (1914–1918). Following the outbreak of the war, the German Jesuit priests, mainly the older ones, were interned and detained in 1914 at the college villa in [[Khandala]], where many died. However, the younger German Jesuits were repatriated in 1916.<ref name="mm">{{Cite news|last1=Kulkarni|first1=Vishwas|first2=Malay|last2=Desai|title=Quaint Xavier's|date=3 January 2010|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/82/2010010320100103020240182f71bbd2/Quaint-Xavier%E2%80%99s.html?pageno=1|work=[[Mumbai Mirror]]|publisher=[[The Times Group]]|access-date=8 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114203300/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/82/2010010320100103020240182f71bbd2/Quaint-Xavier%E2%80%99s.html?pageno=1|archive-date=14 January 2010}}</ref> The departure of German Jesuits led to a dislocation in the administration of the college, but was mitigated by a few [[Swiss people|Swiss]], [[Luxemburger]], and English Jesuits. The number of lay professors increased following the withdrawal of the German Jesuits.<ref name="h3"/> In 1920, enrollment of students from outside Bombay, especially [[Calcutta]], [[Yangon]], [[Mangalore]], and [[Sindh]], started increasing. Subsequently, a third floor was added to the hostel to provide accommodation facilities for them. The college started offering six more languages: [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Urdu]], [[Arabic]], [[Hebrew]], and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]].<ref name="h4">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/hgolden.htm|title=The Golden Jubilee|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417151220/http://www.xaviers.edu/hgolden.htm|archive-date=17 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Spanish Jesuits arrived in 1922.<ref name="h3">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/htransi.htm|title=A Period of Transition|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417151241/http://www.xaviers.edu/htransi.htm|archive-date=17 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> By the 1920s, the college had expanded its offerings to more than just [[liberal arts]]. Science departments such as Chemistry and Biology came to be established. The Spanish Jesuit [[Henry Heras]] founded the "Indian Historical Research Institute" in 1925. The extension of the east–west science wing was completed in 1925 and opened by [[Leslie Orme Wilson]], [[Governor of Bombay]] (1923–1926), on 26 January 1926, at an outlay of Rs. 200,000.<ref name="hwera">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/hera.htm|title=A New Era|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417151205/http://www.xaviers.edu/hera.htm|archive-date=17 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The following decade, the priest Gonzalo Palacios propelled massive architectural expansions, with the addition of a third floor to the east–west science wing and in April 1935 the demolition of the Chemistry shed. The General Library was shifted to the new central building providing space for over 100,000 books and 6,000 volumes of periodicals. The college took charge of the Abdulla Fazalbhoy Technical Institute for Radio and Cinema (now [[St. Xavier's Technical Institute]]) near [[Mahim Causeway]]. More rooms were added to the hostel together with a tower. The construction of the college chapel, which had begun in 1937, was completed under the reign of Principal Aloysius Coyne (1940–1949).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/hmater.htm|title=Architectural Expansions|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417151225/http://www.xaviers.edu/hmater.htm|archive-date=17 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The college hall was inaugurated in January 1937 by [[Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne|Lord Brabourne]], [[Governor of Bombay]] (1933–1937).<ref name="mm"/> In August 1939, the non-degree course for the Teacher's Diploma was started, while Microbiology was revolutionized.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/hwar.htm|title=The War and Independence|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918165004/http://www.xaviers.edu/hwar.htm|archive-date=18 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> After India's independence in 1947, [[Hindi language|Hindi]] began to be taught in the college from June 1949 and several new departments were instituted, such as the Department of Sociology and Anthropology (1951) and the Department of Psychology (1957).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/hprogrss.htm|title=Progress Continues|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417151231/http://www.xaviers.edu/hprogrss.htm|archive-date=17 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[Image:SV402008.JPG|right|thumb|The Second Quadrant Arches]]


[[File:Barack Obama greets students at St. Xavier College in Mumbai.jpg|thumb|[[Barack Obama]] greeting students (2010)]]
On January 30, 1869, St. Xavier's College was affiliated to the [[University of Bombay]]. It is accredited by the University with the task of preparing students for degrees in Arts, Science and Commerce.
In the later 20th century, St. Xavier's has continued to expand in student body and faculty size, and has seen the establishment of several research centers and programs. Indian Jesuits of the Bombay Province have run the college in close collaboration with the Society of Jesus in Germany and Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/cgolden.htm|title=Golden Links|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919050459/http://www.xaviers.edu/cgolden.htm|archive-date=19 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>


On 18 July 2009, [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Hillary Clinton]] visited the college. She conducted an interactive session with its students regarding academics and education.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_clinton-is-visiting-and-st-xavier-s-is-the-last-to-know_1274748|title=Clinton is visiting and St Xavier's is the last to know|date=17 July 2009|access-date=29 October 2009|newspaper=[[DNA (newspaper)|Daily News and Analysis]] (DNA)|last=Basu|first=Mihika}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/hillary-aamir-discuss-education-at-st-xaviers/97433-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004194009/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/hillary-aamir-discuss-education-at-st-xaviers/97433-3.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 October 2012|title=Hillary, Aamir discuss education at St Xavier's|date=18 July 2009|access-date=29 October 2009|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]}}</ref> In November 2010 [[President of the United States|US President]] [[Barack Obama]] visited the college and held a town hall meeting.
The Society of Jesus manages the college through a Governing Body whose chairman is the Provincial of the Bombay Province of the Society. It's vice-chairman is the rector of the college, while its secretary and chief executive is the principal. Currently Fr. [[Paul Vaz]] SJ is the rector of the college, and Fr. [[Frazer Mascarenhas]] SJ is the Principal.


==Religious affiliation and ethos==
==Features and ratings of the college==
[[File:FranciscusXavier.jpg|thumb|right|[[Francis Xavier]], after whom the college is named]]
[[File:St Xavier's College 1994 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|A 1994 stamp dedicated to the 125th anniversary of St. Xavier's College]]
The college is Roman Catholic and the [[Society of Jesus]] exercises responsibility over it through a Governing Body whose chairman is the [[Provincial superior|Provincial]] of the Bombay Province of the Society. St. Xavier's College is named after [[Francis Xavier]], a Spanish Jesuit saint of the 16th century who travelled to India. The college seeks to give an all-round formation, inculcating both human and spiritual values.<ref name="thecollege">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/frame1.htm|title=The College|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216040611/http://www.xaviers.edu/frame1.htm|archive-date=16 December 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> It gives special consideration to Roman Catholics (under the minority rights enshrined in the [[Constitution of India]]) for whose education the college was founded. Currently 50% of the seats are reserved for Catholics.<ref name="ca">{{cite web| title =Admissions| url =http://xaviers.edu/main/index.php/admissions-and-courses| access-date =5 October 2015| archive-date =22 August 2019| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190822055219/http://xaviers.edu/main/index.php/admissions-and-courses| url-status =dead}}</ref>


===Invocation===
[[Image:Naac.JPG|left|thumb|The NAAC Certificate]]
{{blockquote|Take and receive, O Lord my liberty,
Take all my will, My mind my memory,<br />
Do thou direct and govern all and sway,<br />
Do what thou wilt, command and I obey. <br />
Only thy grace and love on me bestow,<br />
Possessing these, all riches I forgo.<br />
All things I hold and all I own are thine,<br />
Thine was the gift, to thee I all resign.<br />
Lord teach me how to serve,<br />
Gladly as you deserve,<br />
To give and not to count the cost, to fight not heeding pain,<br />
May I give of my best, may I not seek for rest,<br />
and ask for no reward save that, I know I do your will.|author=Prayer of St. Ignatius of Loyola<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/cinvo.htm|title=Invocation|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091117205955/http://www.xaviers.edu/cinvo.htm|archive-date=17 November 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}


===Crest and motto===
The [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] which has just finished evaluating the college, has lauded the following unique features of the college which "enhance the academic ambiance of the institution":
The crest was designed by Fr. T. Molina in 1929, a student of heraldry and a member of the college staff. It shows an eagle teaching its young to fly. Above it, on the left side is the emblem of the Society of Jesus, which consists of the first three Greek initials for "Jesus" set in a sun; on the right is a chequered moon, taken from the arms of the house of Xavier. The Latin motto ''Provocans Ad Volandum'', "Challenging to Fly", is central to the ethos of the college and comes from the Bible, which mentions how the eagle encourages its young to fly (Dt 32.11). As a whole, the crest symbolizes a college that bears the name of Xavier and is run by the Jesuits, with the ideal of educating young men and women to aim high in life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/crest.htm|title=Crest|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001015902/http://www.xaviers.edu/crest.htm|archive-date=1 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Governance |url=http://xaviers.edu/main/index.php/governance |website=St. Xavier's College |access-date=28 February 2020 |quote=Celebrating 150 years of Provocans ad Volandum ("Challenging to Fly")}}</ref>


==Accreditation and assessment==
*[[The Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture]] and its Museum, founded in 1926 by the late Rev. Fr. [[Henry Heras]], S.J... has an excellent Research Library and Museum. It provides guidance and facilities for post-graduate research in the fields of Ancient, Medieval and Modern Indian History, Indian Art and Literature, etc.
Since 30 January 1869, St. Xavier's College has been affiliated with the [[University of Mumbai]]. It is accredited by the university with the task of preparing students for degrees in arts, Science, and Commerce.<ref name="thecollege"/> It was made a constituent college of the university in 1953 following the Bombay University Act 1953 and received recognition by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC) since 1956.<ref name="pref">{{harvnb|NAAC Reaccreditation Report|2007|loc=Section I, Preface|Ref=nc}}</ref>


In 2007, the college was awarded the highest rating A+ (5-Star) in the re-accreditation by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC), an autonomous body linked to the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/frame11.htm|title=Certificate of Accreditation|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919092843/http://www.xaviers.edu/frame11.htm|archive-date=19 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="id"/> The national ''[[India Today]]'' magazine's report on colleges has consistently rated Xavier's in the top 10 in India in recent years. In the June 2000 and June 2006 issues, Xavier's has been rated the best arts college and the second best science and commerce college in the country.<ref name="ia"/><ref name="id">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/cideals.htm|title=Ideals and Achievements|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201003640/http://www.xaviers.edu/cideals.htm|archive-date=1 December 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ic">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20060605/cover2.html|last=Bali|first=Pallavi|title=Delhi's Shri Ram College of Commerce tops again, while four colleges make high-flying debuts|journal=[[India Today]]|date=5 June 2006|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034615/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20060605/cover2.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="is">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20060605/cover3.html|last=Jeevan Bali|first=S.S.|title=Loyola College retains its top slot while Mount Carmel zooms into the ranks|journal=[[India Today]]|date=5 June 2006|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034618/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/20060605/cover3.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The UGC awarded St. Xavier's the "College with a Potential for Excellence" award in 2006.<ref name="id"/>
[[Image:Layoutcampus.gif|right|thumb|Campus layout]]


On 31 May 2010, St. Xavier's was granted autonomy by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]], thereby becoming only the second college in [[Mumbai]] to be granted such a status.<ref name="iu">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/City/Mumbai/St-Xaviers-is-Mumbai-Universitys-first-autonomous-college/articleshow/6009544.cms|last = Mukherji|first = Anahita|title=St Xavier's is Mumbai University's first autonomous college|journal= [[Times of India]]| date=4 June 2010|access-date=4 June 2010}}</ref><ref name="iz">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_colleges-find-mumbai-university-s-clause-hard-to-swallow_1391679|last= Basu|first = Mihika|title=Colleges find Mumbai University's clause hard to swallow|journal= [[Daily News and Analysis]]| date=4 June 2010|access-date=4 June 2010}}</ref>
*The Social Service League, started in 1940 in order to promote adult education and prevent child delinquency.


==Administration==
*The Caius Laboratory for Inter-Disciplinary Research, named after the late Fr. J.F. Caius, S.J., established in 1947 for the purpose of carrying out drug research. It provides services to all [[science department]]s.
[[File:Second Quadrant Arches, St. Xavier's College, Mumbai.JPG|right|thumb|The Second Quadrangle Arches]]
The Governing Body consists of the chairman, vice chairman, ex-officio trustees, members, the local managing committee, and an advisory council. The principal functions through the Academic Council of the three vice principals and other important officials, aided by the Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) which is responsible for planning and evaluation of the college. Various committees of staff and students take responsibility for the different activities of the college. The Local Managing Committee (LMC) has nine members, including the principal as the secretary and rector as the chairperson, and meets twice every year. It prepares the budget and financial statements, recommends creation of new posts, recommends measures for academic and administrative improvement, and undertakes many other vital decision-making activities. The prospective plan for institutional development is done after consecutive meetings with the Academic Council, IQAC, and the heads of the departments. The college takes measures to upgrade the skills of non-teaching staff by conducting workshops and training programmes during vacations, and by conducting sessions on personality enhancement and financial management.<ref name="sorg">{{harvnb|NAAC Reaccreditation Report|2007|loc=Criterion VI: Organisation & Management|Ref=nc}}</ref><ref name="hb2">{{harvnb|St. Xavier's College Handbook (June 2009)|page=2|Ref=hb}}</ref> An Advisory Council of eminent alumni has also been constituted.<ref name="salm"/>


The college has 90 permanent teachers (of whom 53 are women) and an additional 3 full-time teachers, 11 part-time, and 2 teachers working as full-time on temporary assignment, raising the number of full-time teachers to 95. The teacher-student ratio is 1:33. Three teachers have been accorded special awards and recognition for their distinguished service.<ref name="pref"/>
*The Counselling Centre, founded in 1954, offers the following services: psychological counselling, inventories on better personal and social adjustment, personal evaluation tests, testing programmes for vocational purposes, information on careers and professions etc.


==Courses==
*The Teacher Assessment Questionnaire introduced in 1968-69, consists of a specially formulated questionnaire for the students to evaluate their teachers.
As of 2007, the college remains mainly an undergraduate college, with 2648 undergraduate students and 99 postgraduate students.<ref name="pref"/> The syllabi for undergraduate and postgraduate courses are prepared by the [[University of Mumbai]], and include mid-term tests and final examinations.<ref name="s2">{{harvnb|NAAC Reaccreditation Report|2007|loc=SECTION – II, Criterion I: Curricular Aspects|Ref=nc}}</ref> The success rate of students is 90 to 100 percent across all departments,<ref name="s42">{{harvnb|NAAC Reaccreditation Report|2007|loc=SECTION – II, Criterion II: Teaching, Learning & Evaluation|Ref=nc}}</ref> and 95 to 100 percent in university examinations.<ref name="pref"/> Special considerations are given to Catholics, economically and socially disadvantaged applicants, and students from [[scheduled caste|Scheduled Caste]]s (SC) and [[Adivasi|Scheduled Tribe]]s (ST). Programs operated by the college include The Learning for Life Programme, Honours Programme, Social Involvement Programme, and Personality and Human Values.<ref name="adf">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/ad.htm|title=Accreditation|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907074839/http://www.xaviers.edu/ad.htm|archive-date=7 September 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="hb8">{{harvnb|St. Xavier's College Handbook (June 2009)|page=8|Ref=hb}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/sfcourse.htm |title=College Run Courses |publisher=St. Xavier's College |access-date=29 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831030801/http://www.xaviers.edu/sfcourse.htm |archive-date=31 August 2009 }}</ref>


===Junior college courses===
*The Nadkarny-Sacasa Research Laboratory opened in July 1972, is a well-equipped laboratory for research in Organic Chemistry. It attempts to link research with industry.
Junior college courses in science, arts and commerce last two years. Applicants are evaluated on their performance in the [[Secondary School Certificate]] (SSC) examination of the Mumbai Divisional Board.<ref name="jce">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/jccourse.htm|title=Junior College Admissions|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930174331/http://www.xaviers.edu/jccourse.htm|archive-date=30 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The commerce course has been recently began in the academic year 2022-23. Arts and Science are both aided courses while Commerce is not.


*The Indian Music Group, founded in 1973 to promote Indian Classical Music in the city, especially among its young people.


*The Malhar Inter-Collegiate Cultural Festival held every year since 1979 in the month of August, during the rains.


*The Learning for Life Programme, started in 1980, in order to offer students courses which they could choose voluntarily outside the usual syllabus and lecture hours.


===Undergraduate degree courses===
*The Social Science Centre inaugurated in 1980, which focuses on regional and applied research on issues of social concern.
Undergraduate degree courses last three years. Applicants are evaluated based on their academic performance in the [[Higher Secondary School Certificate]] (HSC) examination of the Mumbai Divisional Board.<ref name="sce">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/sccourse.htm|title=Senior College Admissions|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=30 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930174459/http://www.xaviers.edu/sccourse.htm|archive-date=30 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)
*Bachelor of Science (BSc)
*Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.)
*Bachelor of Management Studies (B.M.S.)
*Bachelor of Mass Media (B.M.M.)
*Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSc I.T.)
*Bachelor of Vocation – Software Development
*Bachelor of Vocation – Tourism
*Bachelor of Commerce, Accounting and Finance (BAF)


===Postgraduate courses===
*The Honours Programme introduced in 1985, in order to challenge faculty and students to go beyond the syllabus.
*[[Master of Science]] (MSc)
*[[Doctor of Philosophy]] (PhD) in Arts & Science<ref name="ca"/>
*[[Masters of Public Policy]] (M.P.P)
*Postgraduate Diploma in [[Data Science]] (PGDDS)<ref>{{cite web|title=PG Diploma in Data Science|url=http://xaviers.edu/main/index.php/pg-diploma-data-science|website=St. Xavier's College|access-date=3 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031110336/http://xaviers.edu/main/index.php/pg-diploma-data-science|archive-date=31 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>


===Diploma courses===
*The Department of Inter-Religious Studies, inaugurated in 1987 to foster an understanding and appreciation of religions and thereby to contribute towards communal harmony and national integration.
*[[Clinical Research]]
*[[Forensic Science]]
*Expressive Arts Therapy
*[[Gemmology]]
*Industrial [[Biotechnology]] and Enterprise<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/mscibe.htm |title=Industrial Biotechnology & Enterprise (IBE) |publisher=St. Xavier's College |access-date=30 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202083127/http://www.xaviers.edu/mscibe.htm |archive-date=2 December 2010 }}</ref>


===Certification courses===
*The Evening Commerce Section, started in 1988-89, for the economically disadvantaged, to provide an opportunity for working students to improve their prospects in life.
*Diamond Grading
*Jewellery Design
*Data Analytics


==Institutes==
*The Social Involvement Programme introduced in 1996, as an attempt to add a social component to education.
Several institutes have been established on St. Xavier's campus, including:


{{col-begin|width=94%}}{{col-break|width=50%}}
*The Blatter Herbarium started at the end of the last century with a very large number of plants collected by the late Rev. E. Blatter, S.J., his associates and students. It has the largest collection of plants in Western India. It provides facilities for the study of Plant system and has a well stocked library.
'''Research Institutes'''
*[[Blatter Herbarium]] for taxonomic studies<ref name="blat"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blatterherbarium.org/drupal/node/8|title=History|publisher=[[Blatter Herbarium]]|access-date=29 October 2009}}</ref>
*Caius Laboratory for Inter-Disciplinary Research (medical)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/caiuslab.htm|title=Caius Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Research|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218113223/http://xaviers.edu/caiuslab.htm|archive-date=18 February 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture<ref name="hrs">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/heras.htm|title=Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918153518/http://www.xaviers.edu/heras.htm|archive-date=18 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Nadkarni-Sacasa Research Laboratory (chemistry)<ref name="ngf"/>
{{col-break|width=44%}}
'''Non-research Institutes'''
*Xavier Institute of Communications<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviercomm.org/aboutxic/highlights.htm|title=About Us: XIC Highlights|publisher=Xavier Institute of Communications (XIC)|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212123051/http://www.xaviercomm.org/aboutxic/highlights.htm|archive-date=12 December 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviercomm.org/aboutxic/history.htm|title=About Us: XIC History|publisher=Xavier Institute of Communications (XIC)|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214184913/http://www.xaviercomm.org/aboutxic/history.htm|archive-date=14 December 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviercomm.org/aboutxic/default.htm|title=About Us: The Institute|publisher=Xavier Institute of Communications (XIC)|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210182627/http://www.xaviercomm.org/aboutxic/default.htm|archive-date=10 December 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Xavier Institute of Counselling<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/counsell.htm|title=Xavier Institute of Counselling|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001034520/http://www.xaviers.edu/counsell.htm|archive-date=1 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Xavier Institute of Social Research<ref name="ngf">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/research.htm|title=The Nadkarni – Sacasa Research Laboratory and The Xavier Institute of Social Research (XISR)|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217191635/http://xaviers.edu/research.htm|archive-date=17 February 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Xavier Institute of Management & Research<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ximr.com/htmls/about_cv.html |title=About Xavier Institute of Management & Research (XIMR) |publisher=Xavier Institute of Management & Research (XIMR) |access-date=29 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090329091652/http://www.ximr.com/htmls/about_cv.html |archive-date=29 March 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ximr.ac.in/htmls/academic_objectives.html|title=Academic Objectives|publisher=Xavier Institute of Management & Research (XIMR)|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019094409/http://www.ximr.ac.in/htmls/academic_objectives.html|archive-date=19 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Xavier Knowledge Center for computers<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/depts/kcentre.htm|title=Xavier Knowledge Center|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090928084503/http://www.xaviers.edu/depts/kcentre.htm|archive-date=28 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Xavier's Resource Centre for the Visually Challenged<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xrcvc.org/our_vision.php|title=Our Vision|publisher=Xavier's Resource Centre for the Visually Challenged (XRCVC)|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008014732/http://www.xrcvc.org/our_vision.php|archive-date=8 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{col-end}}


===Xavier Institute of Management & Research=== <!-- Redirect target of [[Xavier Institute of Management & Research]] -->
*The Fell Gymkhana, named after the late Fr. J. Fell, S.J., furnished with equipment and facilities for body building and recreation for staff and students.
''Xavier Institute of Management & Research'' (XIMR) is the management school of St. Xavier's College, Mumbai. It is approved by the [[All India Council for Technical Education]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About XMIR |url=https://ximr.ac.in/about-ximr/ |website=Xavier Institute of Management & Research |access-date=5 September 2019}}</ref>


XIMR was established in 1963 by Professor Pascoal Gisbert as St. Xavier's Social Institute of Industry, when India was striving to achieve self-sufficiency. In 1971 the institute's focus shifted to supervisory and managerial skills and its name was changed to Xavier Institute of Management. In 2006 it became the Xavier Institute of Management and Research.
*The Smith Centre for Audio-Visual Instruction started in 1979 and the Multi-Media Room in 1997.

XIMR trains managers with skills in doing business internationally and globally<ref name="MUBS">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mubs.ac.ug/index.php/xavier-institute-of-management|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920024818/https://www.mubs.ac.ug/index.php/xavier-institute-of-management |archive-date=20 September 2018| title=Xavier Institute Of Management |website=[[Makerere University Business School]] |language=en-gb| access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref> and facilitates entry into African markets.<ref name="uganda">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaeducationdiary.in/shownews.asp?newsid=7483 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611090015/http://www.indiaeducationdiary.in/shownews.asp?newsid=7483 | archive-date=11 June 2016 |title=Xavier Institute of Management facilitates foray into African markets |date=20 January 2011 |website=India Education Diary |access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref>

In January 2011, the Centre for Africa Studies was launched in association with [[Makerere University Business School]] in [[Uganda]], East Africa.<ref name="MUBS" /><ref name="uganda" />

==Campus and facilities==
[[File:St. Xavier's College, Mumbai.jpg|thumb|The college is built in the [[Indo-Gothic]] style of architecture]]
St. Xavier's stands on a {{convert|2.94|acre|m2}} campus in the [[Fort (Mumbai precinct)|Fort]] locality of [[South Mumbai]]. It is located near the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus]] (CST) railway station, which serves as the headquarters of the [[Central Railway (India)|Central Railways]], and [[Churchgate]] station, which serves as the headquarters of the [[Western Railway (India)|Western Railways]]. The college is built in the [[Indo-Gothic]] style of architecture, and has been recognized as a heritage structure by the Mumbai Heritage Conservation Committee.<ref name="ia"/><ref name="s4">{{harvnb|NAAC Reaccreditation Report|2007|loc=SECTION – II, Criterion IV: Infrastructure & Learning Resources|Ref=nc}}</ref> The main college library is central and common to all the academic activities of the college. It has a collection of 133,489 books, of which more than 50% are reference books, with some dating back to the 16th century. It also receives 76 journals, of which 14 are foreign journals. The library has a carved cabinet, card index of books, and a computerized database of books. Students have access to a [[lending library]], [[reference library]], paperback library, non-print media library, and a vast collection of journals, current and back volumes. Books are lent out at the lending library, which also houses the [[online public access catalog]] (OPAC) for information search.

[[File:Reference library, St. Xavier's College.jpg|thumb|Reference library, St. Xavier's College]]
The [[reference library]] includes reserve counters, overnight loans, photo-copying services, reference services, inter-library loans, journals, reference books, and a special multi-media facility for accessing compact disks (CDs) on computers. Students also have access to a paperback library and a non-print media library where audio cassettes, television, and [[video cassette recorder]] (VCR) facilities are available for group and individual use.<ref name="pref" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/depts/library.htm|title=The Library|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523190804/http://www.xaviers.edu/depts/library.htm|archive-date=23 May 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="hb5" />

[[File:St.xaviers woods aerial.jpg|thumb|left|"The Woods" leisure space]]
The campus also has a leisure space known as "The Woods" which includes a couple of large trees.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/city/bombay-times/For-the-DSouzas-St-Xaviers-was-a-class-act/articleshow/37106645.cms|title=For the D'Souzas, St Xavier's was a class act|first=Roshni |last=Olivera|date=11 February 2003|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|work=[[Bombay Times]]|access-date=29 October 2009|quote=Deanne completed her HSC in 2000 from St Xavier's and is studying mass media. She misses the classrooms, teachers, the beautiful campus, the 'woods' (a favourite haunt which comprises a couple of large trees), the eateries.}}</ref> The college runs a small hostel on campus for male students of the senior college. The hostel has a capacity of 60 students, two to three occupants to a room.<ref name="ca"/><ref name="s4"/> The college also has a chapel cum prayer hall with green, stained-glass exteriors, arching vaults, and intricate marble work, behind the façade facing the college quadrangle.<ref name="mm"/><ref name="daj">{{Cite news|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=1013|title=St Xavier's College, Mumbai-140 Years of 'Celebrating Diversity'|first=Eugene |last=D'Souza|date=10 January 2009|publisher=[[Daiji World|Daijiworld Media]]|access-date=29 October 2009}}</ref> It has two fully equipped audio-visual centres, the Smith Centre for Audio-Visual Instruction (SCAVI), with a seating capacity of 100, and the Multi-Media Room (MMR) which seats 110. Classrooms have partially Information technology (IT) enabled accessories, [[fiberglass]] boards, and pull-down screens.<ref name="pref"/><ref name="s4"/> A full-fledged language laboratory has also been set up to cater to students from non-English medium schools and to promote multi-language skills.<ref name="s42"/> There is also an auditorium, a spacious [[Canteen (place)|canteen]], and full-size basketball and volleyball courts. The Fell Gymkhana, built in 1954, provides bodybuilding, badminton, [[table-tennis]], [[carrom]], [[chess]], and other recreational facilities for staff and students. The St. Xavier's Villa in [[Khandala]] is a property of the college nestled in the hills of the [[Western Ghats]] mountain range, about two hours from Mumbai. It provides facilities for retreats, seminars, and educational conferences. The college also has a [[cricket]] pitch leased by the [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] (BMC) on the [[Azad Maidan]] sports ground, near the college.<ref name="adf"/><ref name="hb5">{{harvnb|St. Xavier's College Handbook (June 2009)|page=5|Ref=hb}}</ref>

[[File:St.Xaviers College (Bombay) Chapel.jpg|thumb|College chapel]]
The college counselling centre, founded in 1954, provides personal counselling, personality-evaluation tests, testing programmes for vocational purposes, information on careers, professions, and specialized studies in India and abroad, information on scholarships and financial assistance schemes, and admission guidance to students; it also organizes orientation programmes.<ref name="hb5"/><ref name="hb6">{{harvnb|St. Xavier's College Handbook (June 2009)|page=6|Ref=hb}}</ref> The college placement centre exposes students to reputed employers, trains them in writing resumes, and acquaints them with the selection process of corporations.<ref name="hb6"/> There are separate common rooms for male and female students and for teaching and non-teaching staff. The Xavier's Women's Development Cell was formed in 2006 to coordinate programmes for awareness and action on women's issues, since girls constitute more than 60% of the student body. It also serves as a grievance redressal cell for complaints of sexual harassment. First aid centres are also available in the college general office and the counselling centre.<ref name="sorg"/><ref name="hb7">{{harvnb|St. Xavier's college handbook (June 2009)|page=7|Ref=hb}}</ref> The college undertakes a number of welfare measures for students and staff including provision of insurance coverage.<ref name="sorg"/> The college has also set up a Grievance Redressal Cell with a representative from a Non-governmental Organization (NGO).<ref name="salm"/>

===Films shot on the campus===
{{col-begin|width=96%}}
*''[[Mehboob Ki Mehndi]]'' (1971)
*''[[Kucch To Hai]]'' (2003)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/lights-camera-location/431244/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120919191405/http://www.screenindia.com/news/lights-camera-location/431244/|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 September 2012|quote=Ditto with St Xavier's College, which is featured in Main Hoon Na, Kucch To Hai and Jaane Tu.|title=Lights, camera, location|date=6 March 2009|last=Pereira|first=Priyanka|access-date=29 October 2009|work=Screen India|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
*''[[Main Hoon Na]]'' (2004), in college library
*''[[Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na]]'' (2008), for song "Kabhi Kabhi Aditi"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://beta.thehindu.com/arts/movies/article18052.ece |title=Mumbai Express |date=10 September 2009 |access-date=29 October 2009 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |quote=Imran Khan made a convincing college boy in Jaane Tu Ya Jaane Na. A year ago, Imran had shot for the film at St. Xavier's college, and this year, he was present as a judge at the college festival, Malhar. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090914001757/http://beta.thehindu.com/arts/movies/article18052.ece |archive-date=14 September 2009 }}</ref>
*''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]'' (2009)
*''[[Hichki]]'' (2018)
*''[[Lust Stories]]'' (2018) Netflix
*''[[Satyameva Jayate (2018 film)|Satyameva Jayate]]'' (2018) <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/search/title?locations=St.%20Xavier%27s%20College,%20Mumbai,%20India&ref_=ttloc_loc_2|title=Filming Location Matching "St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, India" (Sorted by Popularity Ascending)|website=IMDb}}</ref>
*''[[Helicopter Eela]]'' (2018)
*''[[Hotel Mumbai]]'' (2018)
*''[[Kabir Singh]]'' (2019)
*''[[Student of the Year 2]]'' (2019)
*''[[Sacred_Games_(TV_series)#Season_2|Sacred Games 2]]'' (2019)
*''[[99 Songs]]'' (2019)
*''[[Drishyam 2]]'' (2022){{col-end}}

==Extra-curricular activities==
Xavier's students, "Xavierites", maintain relationships with peers from other colleges by participating in inter-college competitions and college festivals.

The Extra Curricular Credits Committee (ECC) monitors the performance of students and sends contingents to other colleges.

''Mosaic'' is an inter-disciplinary, interdepartmental series of exhibitions and poster presentations.<ref name="s77">{{harvnb|NAAC Reaccreditation Report|2007|loc=SECTION – II, Criterion VII : Healthy Practicess|Ref=nc}}</ref>

===Student associations===
The Alumni Association, established in 1902, is actively involved in fundraising, providing scholarships, career counseling, and felicitation of the retiring staff.<ref name="salm">{{harvnb|NAAC Reaccreditation Report|2007|loc=SECTION – II, Criterion V: Student Support and Progression|Ref=nc}}</ref> The Indian Music Group (IMG) was founded in 1973 to promote Indian Classical Music in the city, especially among its young people. It organises concerts, lecture-demonstrations and music appreciation courses. Its annual Indian classical music festival, ''Janfest'', is well known.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianmusicgroup.org/about_us.php|title=About Us|publisher=The Indian Music Group|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111125840/http://indianmusicgroup.org/about_us.php|archive-date=11 November 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Students organize several hobby clubs such as the Philately Club and the Star Gazers Club.<ref name="daj" />

===Festivals===
{{Main|Malhar (festival)}}
[[Malhar (festival)|Malhar]], one of the most popular college festivals in the city, is hosted by the students of St. Xavier's College.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2009/aug/110809-St-Xavier-College-Janmashtami-Ganesh-Chaturthi-Ramzan-Malhar.htm|title=Outstation students barred at Malhar|first=Alisha |last=Coelho|date=11 August 2009|access-date=29 October 2009|newspaper=[[MiD DAY]]}}</ref> It is an inter-collegiate youth festival held since 1979. It is usually in August during the rains and involves teams from about 60 other colleges in Mumbai and elsewhere, with around 30 cultural contests in the Literary, Performing Arts, and Fine Arts categories, along with a number of Workshops on different themes. It draws about 20,000 student participants and audience to the college Campus.<ref name="adf"/><ref name="hb8"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_malhar-kicks-off-with-a-bang_1183694|title=Malhar kicks off with a bang|first1=Namita |last1=Handa |first2=Surekha|last2=S |date=15 August 2008|access-date=29 October 2009|publisher=[[DNA (newspaper)|Daily News and Analysis]] (DNA)}}</ref>

Janfest is a well-known [[Indian classical music]] festival in India, held in January and hosted by the Indian Music Group (IMG). Inaugurated in 1974, it promotes classical music among the youth and offers a platform for young people to showcase their talent. It has played host to maestros of Indian classical music like [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]], [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]], and [[Ravi Shankar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianmusicgroup.org/janfest.php|title=Janfest|publisher=The Indian Music Group|access-date=29 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028115050/http://indianmusicgroup.org/janfest.php|archive-date=28 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Zephyrus conference is organised by the Bachelor of Management Studies (BMS) department and features renowned speakers from the business world.

Additionally, the college hosts Ithaka, the annual English literature and theatre festival organised by the English Literature department since 1990. It is a platform for students to demonstrate their theatrical talents. Theatre personalities such as Qasar Padamsee started their careers in Ithaka.

The college also holds Aamod, a festival organised by Marathi Vangmay Mandal which is the first and the oldest Marathi Association registered with [[Mumbai University]].

In 2011–12, the Mass Media department organised Zeitgeist – The Media Conference<ref>[http://zgconference.com Zeitgeist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222195033/http://www.zgconference.com/ |date=22 December 2014 }}. Zgconference.com. Retrieved on 17 August 2013.</ref> for the first time. It has welcomed panellists like [[Shekhar Kapoor]] and [[Madhu Trehan]]. It also organised a screening of the film [[The Untitled Kartik Krishnan Project]]. Then in 2012 Xavier hosted its first science fest "Paradigm",<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://paradigmfest.org/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=4 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221736/http://paradigmfest.org/ |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> an all-Inclusive, pan-departmental, inter-collegiate science festival. Paradigm '12 hosted Vice Admiral Shekhar Sinha along with Sunjoy Monga, [[Ajoy Ghatak]], and [[Raghavendra Gadagkar]] who delivered talks on a wide variety of topics.

==Magazines and publications==
The college launched its commemorative Coffee Table Book ''St. Xavier's College – Celebrating Diversity since 1869,'' as a part of its 140 years celebration. It covers all aspects of the college's mighty tradition, to the present. Each March and September Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, within the college campus, publishes the research journal ''Indica''. It began publication in 1964 and emphasizes the research work of staff and students at Heras Institute.<ref name="hrs"/> Then there are the ''St. Xavier's College magazine'' and the online newsletter ''The Xavierite'', covering stories, events, and reports related to the college and its alumni. Student magazines include ''Ithaka'' (Literature), ''Elemental'' (Chemistry), ''Aithihasik'' (History), ''Samvad'' (Political Science), ''Eidos'' (Sociology), ''Imprint (Zoology),'' "Lignum vitae (Life Science) ''The Catchphrase'' (Mass Media),''The Michronicle'' (Microbiology), ''Pakharan'' (Marathi Vangmay Mandal), B.I.T.M.A.P (Information Technology) and ''Arthniti'' (Economics).<ref name="mg">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=177&Itemid=313|title=Publications|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=13 May 2012}}</ref>

A monthly newspaper ''The Xavier's Press'' was inaugurated in December 2008 by the Student Council and is run entirely by undergraduates. It covers events and issues of interest to the general student body.

==Notable alumni==
{{More citations needed section|date=April 2017}}
{{alumni|date=April 2023}}
The alumni of St. Xavier's College include some of the most illustrious contributors to Indian society<ref name="XAVIER’S ALUMNI/AE OF DISTINCTION">{{cite web|url=http://www.xaviers.edu/stxaviersalumni/Alumni.pdf|title=St. Xavier's – List of Illustrious Alumni|last=College|first=St. Xavier's|date=6 May 2017|access-date=6 May 2017|archive-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008163220/http://www.xaviers.edu/stxaviersalumni/Alumni.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> for the past century.

Alumni of the college include members of the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|London Round Table conferences]], governors of Indian states, ambassadors, union and state ministers, justices of the [[Supreme Court of India]], and of the [[Bombay High Court]], high-profile jurists and attorneys at law, [[Mayor of Mumbai|Mayors of Mumbai]] (Bombay), [[maharaja]]s, senior national and state-level [[bureaucrat]]s, captains of Indian industry, financiers, philanthropists, educationists, scientists, leaders in the [[Indian armed forces]], some of India's best-known journalists, leaders in the medical field, cricketers, luminaries in art and culture including several major film actors and musicians.<ref name="XAVIER’S ALUMNI/AE OF DISTINCTION"/> [[Sauvik Banerjjee]]
{{See also|Category:St. Xavier's College, Mumbai alumni}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
<!-- A -->
*[[Anu Aga]]<ref>{{cite news|title= St Xavier's past, present, future...|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/filmi-parties/bollywood/St-Xaviers-past-present-future/articleshow/5409843.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=5 January 2010}}</ref> – Business executive
*[[Teresa Albuquerque]] – Historian<ref name=goan>{{cite news|newspaper=The Goan|url=http://www.thegoan.net/India/Bombay/Chronicling-Goa%E2%80%99s-history/05533.html|title=Chronicling Goa's history|last=D'Costa|first=Suezelle|date=24 August 2013|access-date=13 June 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031214832/http://www.thegoan.net/India/Bombay/Chronicling-Goa%E2%80%99s-history/05533.html|archive-date=31 October 2013}}</ref>
*[[Ebrahim Alkazi]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Theatre is revelation (Interview)|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/02/24/stories/2008022450160500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302010357/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/02/24/stories/2008022450160500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 March 2008|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 February 2008}}</ref> – Theatre director
*[[Joachim Alva]] – Journalist, lawyer and politician
*[[Norma Alvares]] – [[Goa]]n environmentalist; received the [[Padma Shri]] award<ref name="Livemint">{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/1P5V4SptPe1ZwGUQEi1zYL/Norma-Alvares--Claude-Alvares--The-power-of-two.html|title=Livemint|publisher=Livemint|date=9 August 2014|access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref>
*[[Zeenat Aman]] – Actor
*[[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]] – Founder of Pakistan People Party and former prime minister of Pakistan
*[[Mukesh Ambani]] – Business Executive<ref name="xaviers.edu"/>
*[[Shabana Azmi]] – Actress
<!-- B -->
*[[Deepti Sati]] – Actress, Model
*[[Vidya Balan]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2009/sep/230909-Vidya-Balan-college-mate-Yeotania-Stanton.htm|title=Vidya Balan reunites with a friend from college after 10 yrs|first=Parag|last=Maniar|date=23 September 2009|access-date=2 November 2009|newspaper=[[MiD DAY]]}}</ref> – Actress
*[[Sanjeev Bagai]] – Pediatric nephrologist<ref name="Complete list of the alumni">{{cite web | url=http://xaviers.edu/main/index.php/padma-awardees | title=Complete list of the alumni | publisher=St. Xavier's College, Mumbai | date=2015 | access-date=8 December 2015 | archive-date=27 April 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427135319/https://xaviers.edu/main/index.php/padma-awardees | url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Krissann Barretto]] – Actress
*Vipin Reshammiya - Music Director, Producer
*[[Neerja Bhanot]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99nov13/saturday/head10.htm|title=The Tribune...Saturday Plus Head|website=www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> – flight attendant, killed saving passengers on hijacked [[Pan Am Flight 73]]
*[[Ashish Bhasin]] – Advertising executive
*[[Vijay Bhatt]] – Film producer
*[[Ankiti Bose]] – Founder of [[Zilingo]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/ankiti-bose-first-indian-woman-cofounder-nearly-usd-1-billion-startup-zilingo/story/318593.html|title=Meet Ankiti Bose, first Indian woman co-founder of a nearly $1 billion startup, Zilingo|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=13 February 2019 |access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref>
*[[Karuna Mary Braganza]] – Educationist and [[Padma Shri]] awardee<ref name="A Nun Named Compassion">{{cite web | url=http://www.sparrowonline.org/downloads/SNL_14.pdf | title=A Nun Named Compassion | publisher=Sparrow Online | date=April 2008 | access-date=1 February 2016}}</ref>
*[[Cyrus Broacha]] – [[MTV India]] VJ
* [[Shreya Bugade]] – Indian comedian actress
<!-- C -->
*[[Charles Correa]] – Architect
<!-- D -->
*[[Srikant Datar]] – Incoming Dean of [[Harvard Business School]]
*[[Shobhaa De]] – Writer
*[[Abdul Qavi Desnavi]] – Writer and linguist
<!-- E -->
<!-- F -->
*[[Michael Ferreira]] – Billiards player
*[[Zafar Futehally]] – [[Naturalist]], [[conservation movement|conservationist]]
<!-- G -->
*[[Sunil Gavaskar]] – Cricketer
*[[Sohrab Pirojsha Godrej]] – Business executive and Padma Bhushan awardee
<!-- H -->
* [[Rafiq Hajat]] – Civil Rights Activist based in Malawi
*[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/as-xaviers-festival-turns-30-students-plan-the-malhar-museum/333134/|title=As Xavier's festival turns 30, students plan the 'Malhar museum'|date=9 July 2008|first=Upneet|last=Pansare|access-date=1 November 2009|publisher=[[The Indian Express|The Indian Express Group]]|quote=Singer Sunita Rao, an alumnus of the 1988 batch, says Malhar provided a platform to showcase talents.|work=Expressindia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930182323/http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/as-xaviers-festival-turns-30-students-plan-the-malhar-museum/333134/|archive-date=30 September 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> – Playback singer, [[Padma Shri]] awardee
*[[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]] – Musician, [[Padma Bhushan]] awardee
<!-- I -->
*[[Harish Iyer]] – Equal rights activist<ref>{{cite news|title=LGBT and crime: Behind dark rooms|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/authors/harish-iyer|access-date=19 December 2012|newspaper=Daily News And Analysis}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India's Most Influential Gays and Lesbians|url=http://pink-pages.co.in/features/indias-most-influential-gays-and-lesbians-harish-iyer/|access-date=19 December 2012|newspaper=Pink Pages}}</ref>
*[[Mahalakshmi Iyer]] – Playback singer
<!-- J -->
*[[Jagdish Joshi (poet)|Jagdish Joshi]] – Gujarati poet
*[[Manisha Joshi]] – Gujarati poet
*[[Mahesh Jethmalani]] - Lawyer, Member of Parliament<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/senior-advocate-mahesh-jethmalani-nominated-to-rajya-sabha/articleshow/83124793.cms | title=Senior advocate Mahesh Jethmalani nominated to Rajya Sabha | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Swati Deshpande | date=31 May 2021 | access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>
<!-- K -->
*[[Ashok Kamte]] – Additional Commissioner of Mumbai Police, killed during the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/st-xaviers-college-pays-tribute-to-mumbai-cop-heroes/79769-8.html?from=incom|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004194046/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/st-xaviers-college-pays-tribute-to-mumbai-cop-heroes/79769-8.html?from=incom|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 October 2012|title=St Xavier's college pays tribute to Mumbai cop heroes|date=5 December 2008|access-date=1 November 2009|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]}}</ref>
*[[Payal Kapadia (author)|Payal Kapadia]] – Author
*[[Anil Kapoor]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/TRAVEL/02/04/kapoor.biography/index.html|title=Anil Kapoor: Bollywood's Mr India|date=5 February 2009|access-date=1 November 2009|publisher=CNN|last=Tutton|first=Mark }}</ref> – Actor
*[[Kunaal Roy Kapur]] – Actor
*[[Aditya Roy Kapur]] – Actor
*[[Salman Khan]] – Actor
*[[Mohamed Ahmed Qadri]] – Business Executive/Divisional Manager - Suha Investments (Suha Travel & Tours W.L.L.)
*[[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030825/login/music.htm|title=...kehte hain mujhko Hawa Hawaii|date=25 August 2003|access-date=2 November 2009|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|last=Puri|first=Amit}}</ref> – Playback singer, [[Padma Shri]] awardee
<!-- L -->
<!-- M -->
*[[Rakesh Maria]] – Police Commissioner of Mumbai
*[[Vinod Mehra]]- Actor
*[[Zubin Mehta]] – Musician
*[[Ismail Merchant]] – Film producer
*[[Mario Miranda]] – Cartoonist, artist; [[Padma Vibhushan]] awardee
*[[Rohinton Mistry]] – Novelist
*[[Shaheen Mistri]] – Social activist and educator
*[[Shakti Mohan]] – Dancer
<!-- N -->
*[[G. T. Nanavati]] – Jurist
*[[Panna Naik]] – Gujarati poet
*[[Fali Nariman]]<ref>[http://www.gruberprizes.org/GruberPrizes/Justice_LaureateBio.php?id=19&awardid=15 Laureate Biography: 2002 Gruber Justice Prize] [[Gruber Prize for Justice]] website.</ref> – Jurist
* [[Shaina NC]] – Fashion Designer and Politician
<!-- O -->
<!-- P -->
*[[Alyque Padamsee]] – Actor, filmmaker
*[[Quasar Padamsee]] – Theatre actor, director
*[[Nanabhoy Palkhivala]] – Jurist and economist
*[[Meghna Pant]] – Author
*[[Smita Patil]] – Actress
*[[Diana Penty]] – Model, actress
*[[Freida Pinto]]<ref name="rd">{{cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jun/16slid1.htm|title=It's natural to want to become an actress after living in Mumbai|publisher=[[Rediff]]|date=16 June 2008|access-date=30 October 2009}}</ref> – Actress
*[[Zinia Pinto]] – Nun and teacher<ref name=Tribune>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/559477/former-principal-of-st-josephs-zinia-pinto-passes-away-at-83 Death of Zinia Pinto], ''The Express Tribune'', 6 June 2013.</ref>
*[[Cedric Prakash]] – Human rights activist
*[[Azim Premji]] – Business executive<ref name="xaviers.edu">{{cite web |url=http://www.xaviers.edu/stxaviersalumni/Alumni.pdf |title=Alumni |website=www.xaviers.edu |access-date=6 May 2017 |archive-date=8 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008163220/http://www.xaviers.edu/stxaviersalumni/Alumni.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<!-- Q -->
<!-- R -->
*[[Fazal I Rahimtoola]] – Politician
*[[Amrita Rao]] – Actor
* [[Deepak Rao]] – Military trainer
*[[Suneet Rao]] – Playback singer
*[[Himanshu Roy]] – Additional Director General of Police of [[Maharashtra]]
<!-- S -->
*[[Bhaskar Saha]] – [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate
*[[Nowroje Saklatwala]] – Business executive; former chairman of the [[Tata Group]]
*[[Ashwin Sanghi]] – Writer
*[[Rajdeep Sardesai]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.medianewsline.com/news/131/ARTICLE/2034/2008-01-27.html|title=Rajdeep Sardesai, Vinod Dua and Barkha Dutt Conferred Padma Shri|date=27 January 2007|access-date=1 November 2009|publisher=Media Newsline|work=NewsWire7 }}</ref> – Journalist
*[[Zarina Screwvala]] – Entrepreneur
*[[K.D. Sethna]] – Poet and historian
*[[Shruti Seth]] – Actress
*[[Farooq Sheikh]] – Actor
*[[Praniti Shinde]] – Politician, [[Member Of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for Solapur, Maharashtra<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/fathers-daughter-graduates-from-st-xaviers-to-solapur/|title=Father's daughter graduates from St Xavier's to Solapur|date=3 October 2009}}</ref>
*[[Soli Sorabjee]] – Jurist
*[[Francis Newton Souza|F. N. Souza]] – Artist
<!-- T -->
*[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Martyris|first= Nina|title=When dosa was a luxury|date=26 April 2003|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/44588861.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2 November 2009|quote=She determinedly enrolled at St Xavier's, and says that the two years of junior college were among the best in her life.}}</ref> – Actress
*[[Sir Dorabji Tata]] – Businessman, and a key figure in the development of the [[Tata Group]]
*[[Ratan Tata]] – Parsi financier and philanthropist
* [[Aaditya Thackeray]] – Politician serving as Cabinet Minister of Tourism and Environment for the Government of Maharashtra. He is also an MLA of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Mumbai, Maharashtra
*[[Shenaz Treasurywala]] – Actor and VJ
*[[Amish Tripathi]] – Author<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/brunch-stories/cover-story-how-amish-tripathi-changed-indian-publishing/article1-1050648.aspx |title=Hindustan Times – Archive News |access-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428120335/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/Cover-Story-How-Amish-Tripathi-changed-Indian-publishing/Article1-1050648.aspx |archive-date=28 April 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Sucharita Tyagi]] – Film critic and radio jockey.
*[[Abbas Tyrewala]] – Writer, director
<!-- U -->
*[[Jayant B. Udgaonkar]] – [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] laureate
*[[Pankaj Udhas]] – [[Ghazal]] singer
*[[Mukesh Khanna]] - Actor
*[[Anupama Chopra]] - Film Critic, Journalist, Author
<!-- V -->
<!-- W -->
<!-- X -->
<!-- Y -->
<!-- Z -->
}}

==See also==
* [[List of Jesuit sites]]
* [[List of Jesuit educational institutions]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Cited sources==
*{{Cite book|url=http://naac.tripod.com/peer_report/St_Xavier_College_Mumbai_Maharashtra.htm|title=Assessment Report on Institutional Reaccreditation of St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, Maharashtra|publisher=[[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC)|access-date=29 October 2009|year=2007|ref=nc}}
*{{Cite book|url=http://www.universitylane.com/uploads/prospects/College_Handbook_(09-10)_5.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601170850/http://www.universitylane.com/uploads/prospects/College_Handbook_(09-10)_5.pdf|archive-date=1 June 2010|title=St. Xavier's College Handbook (June 2009)|publisher=St. Xavier's College|access-date=29 October 2009|ref=hb}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.xaviers.edu St. Xavier's College, Mumbai Official Website]
* {{official}}
*[http://malharfest.org Malhar's Official Website]

*[http://www.choksey.net Choksey.Net] Portal by Xavierites
{{Mumbai topics}}
*[http://kryptox.blogspot.com Photo Gallery]
{{Jesuit Colleges in India|state=collapsed}}
*[http://xaviersb.blogspot.com St Xavier's College Mumbai ] The Xavier's Blog
{{Authority control}}
*[http://xav2006.blogspot.com St Xavier's College Mumbai 2006 Batch] The Xavier's 2006 Batch Blog

[[Category:Education in Mumbai]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Xavier's College, Mumbai}}
[[Category:Universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Colleges in India]]
[[Category:Jesuit universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1869]]
[[Category:Schools in Colonial India]]
[[Category:Affiliates of the University of Mumbai]]
[[Category:1869 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:British colonial architecture in India]]

Revision as of 06:25, 28 December 2024

St. Xavier's College
Arms of the St. Xavier's College
MottoProvocans Ad Volandum (Latin)
Motto in English
Encouraging to Fly’’
TypePrivate
Established2 January 1869; 156 years ago (2 January 1869)[1]
FounderSociety of Jesus
Religious affiliation
Roman Catholic (Jesuit)
Academic affiliations
International Association of Jesuit Universities
University of Mumbai
Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education
ChairmanFr. Arun de Souza, SJ
RectorFr. Keith D’Souza, S.J.
PrincipalRajendra Shinde[2]
Undergraduates2,648 (as of 2007)[3]
Postgraduates99 (as of 2007)[3]
Location, ,
India

18°56′36″N 72°49′53″E / 18.9432°N 72.8313°E / 18.9432; 72.8313
CampusUrban
2.94 acres (11,900 m2)
Websitexaviers.edu
St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai

St. Xavier's College is a private, Catholic, autonomous higher education institution run by the Bombay Province of the Society of Jesus in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It was founded by the Jesuits on 2 January 1869. The college is affiliated with the University of Mumbai offering undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Arts, Science, Commerce and Management.[4][5][6] Xavier's was the first college to be granted autonomy by the University of Mumbai in 2010.[7] In 2006, St. Xavier's was awarded the 'A+' grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC).[8]

The college is named after Francis Xavier, the 16th-Century Spanish Jesuit saint. Its campus in South Mumbai is built in the Indo-Gothic style of architecture, and recognized as a heritage structure.[8] Founded by German Jesuits in 1869, Xavier's developed rapidly from 1884 to 1914. The imprisonment of German Jesuit priests during the First World War (1914–1918) led to a dislocation of the administration, which was mitigated by the appointment of other European Jesuits. The college began as an arts institution but by the 1920s had science departments as well. The college was greatly expanded in the 1930s.

The college is now run by Indian Jesuits, with a distinct focus on affirmative action for minority students.[9] It offers undergraduate and post-graduate courses in Arts, Science, Business, Commerce or Public Policy. It is known for its famous inter-collegiate youth festival 'Malhar'.

History

Tombstone Tablet of Founders

St. Xavier's College was founded on 2 January 1869 in Bombay by German Jesuits with only two students in attendance. The two students came from a group of six, who appeared for the university matriculation examination in 1868 from St. Mary's Institution. Swiss Jesuit Joseph Michael Willi [de; fr] (or Willy), the first principal of the college from 1869 to 1873, and three other Jesuits began lecturing and teaching at the college on 7 January 1869. The college was granted formal recognition by Bombay University on 30 January 1869. One student joined later in 1870. The first three students graduated in 1871.[1][10] From 1884 to 1910, under the patronage of Principal Frederick Dreckmann, the college began to develop rapidly.[11] The Blatter Herbarium was established in 1906 by the Swiss Jesuit priest Ethelbert Blatter and his associates.[12] The hostel was completed in 1909, while the east–west science wing, costing Rs. 200,000, was completed in 1912. The Government provided grants of Rs. 70,000 and Rs. 37,000 for the two additional buildings of the college. The college first admitted women in 1912.[11]

Leslie Orme Wilson, Governor of Bombay (1923–1926), inaugurated the extension of the east–west science wing in 1926

Being a German institute in British India, the college suffered wide repercussions during the First World War (1914–1918). Following the outbreak of the war, the German Jesuit priests, mainly the older ones, were interned and detained in 1914 at the college villa in Khandala, where many died. However, the younger German Jesuits were repatriated in 1916.[13] The departure of German Jesuits led to a dislocation in the administration of the college, but was mitigated by a few Swiss, Luxemburger, and English Jesuits. The number of lay professors increased following the withdrawal of the German Jesuits.[14] In 1920, enrollment of students from outside Bombay, especially Calcutta, Yangon, Mangalore, and Sindh, started increasing. Subsequently, a third floor was added to the hostel to provide accommodation facilities for them. The college started offering six more languages: Marathi, Gujarati, Urdu, Arabic, Hebrew, and Portuguese.[15] The Spanish Jesuits arrived in 1922.[14] By the 1920s, the college had expanded its offerings to more than just liberal arts. Science departments such as Chemistry and Biology came to be established. The Spanish Jesuit Henry Heras founded the "Indian Historical Research Institute" in 1925. The extension of the east–west science wing was completed in 1925 and opened by Leslie Orme Wilson, Governor of Bombay (1923–1926), on 26 January 1926, at an outlay of Rs. 200,000.[16]

The following decade, the priest Gonzalo Palacios propelled massive architectural expansions, with the addition of a third floor to the east–west science wing and in April 1935 the demolition of the Chemistry shed. The General Library was shifted to the new central building providing space for over 100,000 books and 6,000 volumes of periodicals. The college took charge of the Abdulla Fazalbhoy Technical Institute for Radio and Cinema (now St. Xavier's Technical Institute) near Mahim Causeway. More rooms were added to the hostel together with a tower. The construction of the college chapel, which had begun in 1937, was completed under the reign of Principal Aloysius Coyne (1940–1949).[17] The college hall was inaugurated in January 1937 by Lord Brabourne, Governor of Bombay (1933–1937).[13] In August 1939, the non-degree course for the Teacher's Diploma was started, while Microbiology was revolutionized.[18] After India's independence in 1947, Hindi began to be taught in the college from June 1949 and several new departments were instituted, such as the Department of Sociology and Anthropology (1951) and the Department of Psychology (1957).[19]

Barack Obama greeting students (2010)

In the later 20th century, St. Xavier's has continued to expand in student body and faculty size, and has seen the establishment of several research centers and programs. Indian Jesuits of the Bombay Province have run the college in close collaboration with the Society of Jesus in Germany and Spain.[20]

On 18 July 2009, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited the college. She conducted an interactive session with its students regarding academics and education.[21][22] In November 2010 US President Barack Obama visited the college and held a town hall meeting.

Religious affiliation and ethos

Francis Xavier, after whom the college is named
A 1994 stamp dedicated to the 125th anniversary of St. Xavier's College

The college is Roman Catholic and the Society of Jesus exercises responsibility over it through a Governing Body whose chairman is the Provincial of the Bombay Province of the Society. St. Xavier's College is named after Francis Xavier, a Spanish Jesuit saint of the 16th century who travelled to India. The college seeks to give an all-round formation, inculcating both human and spiritual values.[23] It gives special consideration to Roman Catholics (under the minority rights enshrined in the Constitution of India) for whose education the college was founded. Currently 50% of the seats are reserved for Catholics.[9]

Invocation

Take and receive, O Lord my liberty,

Take all my will, My mind my memory,
Do thou direct and govern all and sway,
Do what thou wilt, command and I obey.
Only thy grace and love on me bestow,
Possessing these, all riches I forgo.
All things I hold and all I own are thine,
Thine was the gift, to thee I all resign.
Lord teach me how to serve,
Gladly as you deserve,
To give and not to count the cost, to fight not heeding pain,
May I give of my best, may I not seek for rest,

and ask for no reward save that, I know I do your will.

— Prayer of St. Ignatius of Loyola[24]

Crest and motto

The crest was designed by Fr. T. Molina in 1929, a student of heraldry and a member of the college staff. It shows an eagle teaching its young to fly. Above it, on the left side is the emblem of the Society of Jesus, which consists of the first three Greek initials for "Jesus" set in a sun; on the right is a chequered moon, taken from the arms of the house of Xavier. The Latin motto Provocans Ad Volandum, "Challenging to Fly", is central to the ethos of the college and comes from the Bible, which mentions how the eagle encourages its young to fly (Dt 32.11). As a whole, the crest symbolizes a college that bears the name of Xavier and is run by the Jesuits, with the ideal of educating young men and women to aim high in life.[25][26]

Accreditation and assessment

Since 30 January 1869, St. Xavier's College has been affiliated with the University of Mumbai. It is accredited by the university with the task of preparing students for degrees in arts, Science, and Commerce.[23] It was made a constituent college of the university in 1953 following the Bombay University Act 1953 and received recognition by the University Grants Commission (UGC) since 1956.[3]

In 2007, the college was awarded the highest rating A+ (5-Star) in the re-accreditation by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), an autonomous body linked to the University Grants Commission of India.[27][28] The national India Today magazine's report on colleges has consistently rated Xavier's in the top 10 in India in recent years. In the June 2000 and June 2006 issues, Xavier's has been rated the best arts college and the second best science and commerce college in the country.[8][28][29][30] The UGC awarded St. Xavier's the "College with a Potential for Excellence" award in 2006.[28]

On 31 May 2010, St. Xavier's was granted autonomy by the University Grants Commission, thereby becoming only the second college in Mumbai to be granted such a status.[31][32]

Administration

The Second Quadrangle Arches

The Governing Body consists of the chairman, vice chairman, ex-officio trustees, members, the local managing committee, and an advisory council. The principal functions through the Academic Council of the three vice principals and other important officials, aided by the Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC) which is responsible for planning and evaluation of the college. Various committees of staff and students take responsibility for the different activities of the college. The Local Managing Committee (LMC) has nine members, including the principal as the secretary and rector as the chairperson, and meets twice every year. It prepares the budget and financial statements, recommends creation of new posts, recommends measures for academic and administrative improvement, and undertakes many other vital decision-making activities. The prospective plan for institutional development is done after consecutive meetings with the Academic Council, IQAC, and the heads of the departments. The college takes measures to upgrade the skills of non-teaching staff by conducting workshops and training programmes during vacations, and by conducting sessions on personality enhancement and financial management.[33][34] An Advisory Council of eminent alumni has also been constituted.[35]

The college has 90 permanent teachers (of whom 53 are women) and an additional 3 full-time teachers, 11 part-time, and 2 teachers working as full-time on temporary assignment, raising the number of full-time teachers to 95. The teacher-student ratio is 1:33. Three teachers have been accorded special awards and recognition for their distinguished service.[3]

Courses

As of 2007, the college remains mainly an undergraduate college, with 2648 undergraduate students and 99 postgraduate students.[3] The syllabi for undergraduate and postgraduate courses are prepared by the University of Mumbai, and include mid-term tests and final examinations.[36] The success rate of students is 90 to 100 percent across all departments,[37] and 95 to 100 percent in university examinations.[3] Special considerations are given to Catholics, economically and socially disadvantaged applicants, and students from Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). Programs operated by the college include The Learning for Life Programme, Honours Programme, Social Involvement Programme, and Personality and Human Values.[38][39][40]

Junior college courses

Junior college courses in science, arts and commerce last two years. Applicants are evaluated on their performance in the Secondary School Certificate (SSC) examination of the Mumbai Divisional Board.[41] The commerce course has been recently began in the academic year 2022-23. Arts and Science are both aided courses while Commerce is not.



Undergraduate degree courses

Undergraduate degree courses last three years. Applicants are evaluated based on their academic performance in the Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) examination of the Mumbai Divisional Board.[42]

  • Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)
  • Bachelor of Science (BSc)
  • Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.)
  • Bachelor of Management Studies (B.M.S.)
  • Bachelor of Mass Media (B.M.M.)
  • Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSc I.T.)
  • Bachelor of Vocation – Software Development
  • Bachelor of Vocation – Tourism
  • Bachelor of Commerce, Accounting and Finance (BAF)

Postgraduate courses

Diploma courses

Certification courses

  • Diamond Grading
  • Jewellery Design
  • Data Analytics

Institutes

Several institutes have been established on St. Xavier's campus, including:

Xavier Institute of Management & Research

Xavier Institute of Management & Research (XIMR) is the management school of St. Xavier's College, Mumbai. It is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education.[57]

XIMR was established in 1963 by Professor Pascoal Gisbert as St. Xavier's Social Institute of Industry, when India was striving to achieve self-sufficiency. In 1971 the institute's focus shifted to supervisory and managerial skills and its name was changed to Xavier Institute of Management. In 2006 it became the Xavier Institute of Management and Research.

XIMR trains managers with skills in doing business internationally and globally[58] and facilitates entry into African markets.[59]

In January 2011, the Centre for Africa Studies was launched in association with Makerere University Business School in Uganda, East Africa.[58][59]

Campus and facilities

The college is built in the Indo-Gothic style of architecture

St. Xavier's stands on a 2.94 acres (11,900 m2) campus in the Fort locality of South Mumbai. It is located near the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) railway station, which serves as the headquarters of the Central Railways, and Churchgate station, which serves as the headquarters of the Western Railways. The college is built in the Indo-Gothic style of architecture, and has been recognized as a heritage structure by the Mumbai Heritage Conservation Committee.[8][60] The main college library is central and common to all the academic activities of the college. It has a collection of 133,489 books, of which more than 50% are reference books, with some dating back to the 16th century. It also receives 76 journals, of which 14 are foreign journals. The library has a carved cabinet, card index of books, and a computerized database of books. Students have access to a lending library, reference library, paperback library, non-print media library, and a vast collection of journals, current and back volumes. Books are lent out at the lending library, which also houses the online public access catalog (OPAC) for information search.

Reference library, St. Xavier's College

The reference library includes reserve counters, overnight loans, photo-copying services, reference services, inter-library loans, journals, reference books, and a special multi-media facility for accessing compact disks (CDs) on computers. Students also have access to a paperback library and a non-print media library where audio cassettes, television, and video cassette recorder (VCR) facilities are available for group and individual use.[3][61][62]

"The Woods" leisure space

The campus also has a leisure space known as "The Woods" which includes a couple of large trees.[63] The college runs a small hostel on campus for male students of the senior college. The hostel has a capacity of 60 students, two to three occupants to a room.[9][60] The college also has a chapel cum prayer hall with green, stained-glass exteriors, arching vaults, and intricate marble work, behind the façade facing the college quadrangle.[13][64] It has two fully equipped audio-visual centres, the Smith Centre for Audio-Visual Instruction (SCAVI), with a seating capacity of 100, and the Multi-Media Room (MMR) which seats 110. Classrooms have partially Information technology (IT) enabled accessories, fiberglass boards, and pull-down screens.[3][60] A full-fledged language laboratory has also been set up to cater to students from non-English medium schools and to promote multi-language skills.[37] There is also an auditorium, a spacious canteen, and full-size basketball and volleyball courts. The Fell Gymkhana, built in 1954, provides bodybuilding, badminton, table-tennis, carrom, chess, and other recreational facilities for staff and students. The St. Xavier's Villa in Khandala is a property of the college nestled in the hills of the Western Ghats mountain range, about two hours from Mumbai. It provides facilities for retreats, seminars, and educational conferences. The college also has a cricket pitch leased by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) on the Azad Maidan sports ground, near the college.[38][62]

College chapel

The college counselling centre, founded in 1954, provides personal counselling, personality-evaluation tests, testing programmes for vocational purposes, information on careers, professions, and specialized studies in India and abroad, information on scholarships and financial assistance schemes, and admission guidance to students; it also organizes orientation programmes.[62][65] The college placement centre exposes students to reputed employers, trains them in writing resumes, and acquaints them with the selection process of corporations.[65] There are separate common rooms for male and female students and for teaching and non-teaching staff. The Xavier's Women's Development Cell was formed in 2006 to coordinate programmes for awareness and action on women's issues, since girls constitute more than 60% of the student body. It also serves as a grievance redressal cell for complaints of sexual harassment. First aid centres are also available in the college general office and the counselling centre.[33][66] The college undertakes a number of welfare measures for students and staff including provision of insurance coverage.[33] The college has also set up a Grievance Redressal Cell with a representative from a Non-governmental Organization (NGO).[35]

Films shot on the campus

Extra-curricular activities

Xavier's students, "Xavierites", maintain relationships with peers from other colleges by participating in inter-college competitions and college festivals.

The Extra Curricular Credits Committee (ECC) monitors the performance of students and sends contingents to other colleges.

Mosaic is an inter-disciplinary, interdepartmental series of exhibitions and poster presentations.[70]

Student associations

The Alumni Association, established in 1902, is actively involved in fundraising, providing scholarships, career counseling, and felicitation of the retiring staff.[35] The Indian Music Group (IMG) was founded in 1973 to promote Indian Classical Music in the city, especially among its young people. It organises concerts, lecture-demonstrations and music appreciation courses. Its annual Indian classical music festival, Janfest, is well known.[71]

Students organize several hobby clubs such as the Philately Club and the Star Gazers Club.[64]

Festivals

Malhar, one of the most popular college festivals in the city, is hosted by the students of St. Xavier's College.[72] It is an inter-collegiate youth festival held since 1979. It is usually in August during the rains and involves teams from about 60 other colleges in Mumbai and elsewhere, with around 30 cultural contests in the Literary, Performing Arts, and Fine Arts categories, along with a number of Workshops on different themes. It draws about 20,000 student participants and audience to the college Campus.[38][39][73]

Janfest is a well-known Indian classical music festival in India, held in January and hosted by the Indian Music Group (IMG). Inaugurated in 1974, it promotes classical music among the youth and offers a platform for young people to showcase their talent. It has played host to maestros of Indian classical music like Hariprasad Chaurasia, Zakir Hussain, and Ravi Shankar.[74]

The Zephyrus conference is organised by the Bachelor of Management Studies (BMS) department and features renowned speakers from the business world.

Additionally, the college hosts Ithaka, the annual English literature and theatre festival organised by the English Literature department since 1990. It is a platform for students to demonstrate their theatrical talents. Theatre personalities such as Qasar Padamsee started their careers in Ithaka.

The college also holds Aamod, a festival organised by Marathi Vangmay Mandal which is the first and the oldest Marathi Association registered with Mumbai University.

In 2011–12, the Mass Media department organised Zeitgeist – The Media Conference[75] for the first time. It has welcomed panellists like Shekhar Kapoor and Madhu Trehan. It also organised a screening of the film The Untitled Kartik Krishnan Project. Then in 2012 Xavier hosted its first science fest "Paradigm",[76] an all-Inclusive, pan-departmental, inter-collegiate science festival. Paradigm '12 hosted Vice Admiral Shekhar Sinha along with Sunjoy Monga, Ajoy Ghatak, and Raghavendra Gadagkar who delivered talks on a wide variety of topics.

Magazines and publications

The college launched its commemorative Coffee Table Book St. Xavier's College – Celebrating Diversity since 1869, as a part of its 140 years celebration. It covers all aspects of the college's mighty tradition, to the present. Each March and September Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, within the college campus, publishes the research journal Indica. It began publication in 1964 and emphasizes the research work of staff and students at Heras Institute.[47] Then there are the St. Xavier's College magazine and the online newsletter The Xavierite, covering stories, events, and reports related to the college and its alumni. Student magazines include Ithaka (Literature), Elemental (Chemistry), Aithihasik (History), Samvad (Political Science), Eidos (Sociology), Imprint (Zoology), "Lignum vitae (Life Science) The Catchphrase (Mass Media),The Michronicle (Microbiology), Pakharan (Marathi Vangmay Mandal), B.I.T.M.A.P (Information Technology) and Arthniti (Economics).[77]

A monthly newspaper The Xavier's Press was inaugurated in December 2008 by the Student Council and is run entirely by undergraduates. It covers events and issues of interest to the general student body.

Notable alumni

The alumni of St. Xavier's College include some of the most illustrious contributors to Indian society[78] for the past century.

Alumni of the college include members of the London Round Table conferences, governors of Indian states, ambassadors, union and state ministers, justices of the Supreme Court of India, and of the Bombay High Court, high-profile jurists and attorneys at law, Mayors of Mumbai (Bombay), maharajas, senior national and state-level bureaucrats, captains of Indian industry, financiers, philanthropists, educationists, scientists, leaders in the Indian armed forces, some of India's best-known journalists, leaders in the medical field, cricketers, luminaries in art and culture including several major film actors and musicians.[78] Sauvik Banerjjee

See also

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