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{{Short description|Brazilian presidential campaign}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox election campaign
{{Infobox election campaign
| name = Jair Bolsonaro presidential campaign, 2018
| name = Jair Bolsonaro 2018 presidential campaign
| logo = Bolsonaro campaign logo.jpg
| logo = Bolsonaro campaign logo.jpg
| campaigned_for = [[2018 Brazilian general election]]
| campaigned_for = [[2018 Brazilian general election]]
| candidate = '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]'''<br />[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] from [[Rio de Janeiro]]<br />''(1991–2018)''<br />'''[[Hamilton Mourão]]'''<br />[[Brazilian Army]] member<br />''(1969–2018)''
| candidate = '''[[Jair Bolsonaro]]'''<br />[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] from [[Rio de Janeiro]]<br />''(1991–2018)''<br />'''[[Hamilton Mourão]]'''<br />[[Brazilian Army]] member<br />''(1969–2018)''
| status = Announced: 3 March 2016 <br /> Presumptive nominee: 12 March 2018 <br /> Official nominee: 22 July 2018 <br /> Qualified for run-off: 7 October 2018 <br /> Won the election: 28 October 2018
| status = Announced: 3 March 2016 <br /> Presumptive nominee: 12 March 2018 <br /> Official nominee: 22 July 2018 <br /> Qualified for run-off: 7 October 2018 <br /> Won the election: 28 October 2018 <br /> Inaugurated: 1 January 2019
| cand_id =
| cand_id =
| fec_date =
| fec_date =
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| key_people = [[Paulo Guedes]]<br />{{small|(Economic advisor)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.refugo.hol.es/veja-os-principais-nomes-da-campanha-de-jair-bolsonaro.html|title=Veja os principais nomes da campanha de Jair Bolsonaro - Refugo|publisher=|access-date=31 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031174004/http://www.refugo.hol.es/veja-os-principais-nomes-da-campanha-de-jair-bolsonaro.html|archive-date=31 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />[[Gustavo Bebianno]]<br />{{small|(Legal advisor)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2019/02/17/saiba-quem-e-gustavo-bebianno-e-entenda-a-crise-gerada-no-governo-de-jair-bolsonaro.ghtml|title=Saiba quem é Gustavo Bebianno e entenda a crise gerada no governo de Jair Bolsonaro|publisher=G1|language=pt|date=17 February 2019|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref>
| key_people = [[Paulo Guedes]]<br />{{small|(Economic advisor)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.refugo.hol.es/veja-os-principais-nomes-da-campanha-de-jair-bolsonaro.html|title=Veja os principais nomes da campanha de Jair Bolsonaro - Refugo|publisher=|access-date=31 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031174004/http://www.refugo.hol.es/veja-os-principais-nomes-da-campanha-de-jair-bolsonaro.html|archive-date=31 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />[[Gustavo Bebianno]]<br />{{small|(Legal advisor)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2019/02/17/saiba-quem-e-gustavo-bebianno-e-entenda-a-crise-gerada-no-governo-de-jair-bolsonaro.ghtml|title=Saiba quem é Gustavo Bebianno e entenda a crise gerada no governo de Jair Bolsonaro|publisher=G1|language=pt|date=17 February 2019|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref>
| treasurer =
| treasurer =
| receipts = BRL 4.150.097,17 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br/divulga/#/candidato/2018/2022802018/BR/280000614517|title=Divulgação de Candidaturas e Contas Eleitorais|website=divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br}}</ref>
| receipts = BRL 4.150.097,17 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br/divulga/#/candidato/2018/2022802018/BR/280000614517|title=Divulgação de Candidaturas e Contas Eleitorais|website=divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br|access-date=31 October 2018|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406100616/http://divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br/divulga/#/candidato/2018/2022802018/BR/280000614517|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| slogan = Brasil acima de tudo, Deus acima de todos<br />''(Brazil above everything, God above everyone)<ref>{{cite news |title=Jair Bolsonaro hopes to be Brazil's Donald Trump |url=https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2017/11/09/jair-bolsonaro-hopes-to-be-brazils-donald-trump |work=The Economist |date=9 November 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Biller |first1=David |last2=Sergio Lima |first2=Mario |title=Brazil's Firebrand Candidate Gets Party Endorsement for Top Job |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-22/brazil-s-firebrand-candidate-gets-party-endorsement-for-top-job |publisher=Bloomberg |date=22 July 2018}}</ref>
| slogan = Brasil acima de tudo, Deus acima de todos<br />''(Brazil above everything, God above everyone)<ref>{{cite news |title=Jair Bolsonaro hopes to be Brazil's Donald Trump |url=https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2017/11/09/jair-bolsonaro-hopes-to-be-brazils-donald-trump |newspaper=The Economist |date=9 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Biller |first1=David |last2=Sergio Lima |first2=Mario |title=Brazil's Firebrand Candidate Gets Party Endorsement for Top Job |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-22/brazil-s-firebrand-candidate-gets-party-endorsement-for-top-job |publisher=Bloomberg |date=22 July 2018}}</ref>
| themesong =
| themesong =
| chant =
| chant =
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Jair Bolsonaro was the first candidate for the presidency that was able to raise over $1 million [[Brazilian real|reais]] in donations from the public during the 2018 campaign. In the first 59 days, he amassed an average of $17,000 reais per day in donations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bolsonaro é 1º presidenciável a arrecadar mais de R$ 1 milhão em vaquinha|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/09/03/bolsonaro-arrecada-mais-de-r-1-milhao-veja-quanto-renderam-vaquinhas.htm|work=UOL Eleições|access-date=7 September 2018|language=pt}}</ref>
Jair Bolsonaro was the first candidate for the presidency that was able to raise over $1 million [[Brazilian real|reais]] in donations from the public during the 2018 campaign. In the first 59 days, he amassed an average of $17,000 reais per day in donations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bolsonaro é 1º presidenciável a arrecadar mais de R$ 1 milhão em vaquinha|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/09/03/bolsonaro-arrecada-mais-de-r-1-milhao-veja-quanto-renderam-vaquinhas.htm|work=UOL Eleições|access-date=7 September 2018|language=pt}}</ref>


Bolsonaro was stabbed on 6 September while he was campaigning in [[Juiz de Fora]]. He recovered, and was the leading candidate in the first round on 7 October, with 46% of the vote.
Bolsonaro [[Stabbing of Jair Bolsonaro|was stabbed]] on 6 September while he was campaigning in [[Juiz de Fora]]. He recovered, and was the leading candidate in the first round on 7 October, with 46% of the vote. On 28 October, Bolsonaro won the [[2018 Brazilian general election|general election]] with 55.13% of the popular vote.

On 28 October 2018, Bolsonaro won the [[2018 Brazilian general election|general election]] with 55.13% of the popular vote.


== Presidential ticket ==
== Presidential ticket ==
{{Nominee table
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
| party logo = Partido Social Liberal logo.svg
|-
| colspan="28" |[[File:Partido Social Liberal logo.svg|65px|center|link=Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal Party (Brazil)]]<big>'''Social Liberal Party ticket, 2018'''</big>
| party = Social Liberal Party (Brazil)
| header = Social Liberal Party ticket
|-
| president = Jair Bolsonaro
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#203B78; width:200px;" |{{colored link|white|Jair Bolsonaro}}
| vice president = Hamilton Mourão
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#203B78; width:200px;" |{{colored link|white|Antônio Hamilton Mourão}}
⚫
| president portrait = Pronunciamento do Presidente da República, Jair Bolsonaro (cropped).jpg
|- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#C0DBFF;"
⚫
| vp portrait = Hamilton Mourão em 5 de abril de 2019 (cropped).jpg
| style="width:3em; width:200px;" |'''''for President'''''
⚫
| experience = [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]] from [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]<br /><small>(1991–2019)</small>
| style="width:3em; width:200px;" |'''''for Vice President'''''
⚫
| vp experience = [[Brazilian Army]] General<br /><small>(1969–2018)</small>
|-
| campaign logo = Bolsonaro campaign logo.jpg
⚫
|[[File:Pronunciamento do Presidente da República, Jair Bolsonaro (cropped).jpg|center|x200px|border]]
⚫
}}
⚫
|[[File:Hamilton Mourão em 5 de abril de 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|x200px|border]]
|-
⚫
|[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Federal Deputy]]<br />from [[Rio de Janeiro]]<br /><small>(1991–2019)</small>
⚫
|[[Brazilian Army]] General<br /><small>(1969–2018)</small>
|-
| colspan="2" |<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br/divulga/#/consulta/campanha/2018/2022802018/F/comparativo|title=Deputado Jair Bolsonaro anuncia candidatura à presidência em 2018|date=3 March 2016|publisher=Correio24Horas|language=pt|access-date=14 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/07/22/psl-confirma-candidatura-de-jair-bolsonaro-a-presidencia-da-republica.ghtml|title=PSL oficializa candidatura de Jair Bolsonaro à Presidência, mas adia definição de vice|publisher=G1|language=pt|date=22 July 2018|access-date=14 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/08/13/interna_politica,979983/jair-bolsonaro-registra-candidatura-de-chapa-a-presidencia-no-tse.shtml|title=Bolsonaro registra candidatura e diz que seu plano de governo está 'fácil de ler'|publisher=Estado de Minas|language=pt|date=13 August 2018|access-date=14 August 2018}}</ref>
⚫
|}


== Running mate selection process ==
== Running mate selection process ==
Numerous politicians were mentioned as potential [[Vice President of Brazil|vice presidential]] running mates for Bolsonaro. In addition to General [[Hamilton Mourão]], who was eventually chosen, figures mentioned as possible running mates for Bolsonaro included:
Numerous politicians were mentioned as potential [[Vice President of Brazil|vice presidential]] running mates for Bolsonaro. In addition to General [[Hamilton Mourão]], who was eventually chosen, figures mentioned as possible running mates for Bolsonaro included:


* [[Marcos Pontes]], a famous astronaut and member of the PSL who would eventually become Bolsonaro's [[Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Brazil)|Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Reuters Staff|date=2018-07-27|title=Astronauta Marcos Pontes diz que aceita ser vice de Bolsonaro caso seja escolhido|language=fr|work=Reuters|url=https://fr.reuters.com/article/politica-astronauta-bolsonaro-idBRKBN1KH00F-OBRDN|access-date=2020-12-27}}</ref>
* [[Marcos Pontes]], a famous astronaut and member of the PSL who would eventually become Bolsonaro's [[Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Brazil)|Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-07-27|title=Astronauta Marcos Pontes diz que aceita ser vice de Bolsonaro caso seja escolhido|language=fr|work=Reuters|url=https://fr.reuters.com/article/politica-astronauta-bolsonaro-idBRKBN1KH00F-OBRDN|access-date=2020-12-27}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* [[Janaina Paschoal]], a law professor at the [[University of São Paulo]] who helped initiate the [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff]]; Paschoal would later be elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of São Paulo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Janaína Paschoal recusa convite para ser vice de Bolsonaro|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/08/04/janaina-paschoal-recusa-convite-para-ser-vice-de-bolsonaro.ghtml|access-date=2020-12-27|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref>
* [[Janaina Paschoal]], a law professor at the [[University of São Paulo]] who helped initiate the [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff]]; Paschoal would later be elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of São Paulo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Janaína Paschoal recusa convite para ser vice de Bolsonaro|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/08/04/janaina-paschoal-recusa-convite-para-ser-vice-de-bolsonaro.ghtml|access-date=2020-12-27|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref>
* [[Luiz Philippe of Orléans-Braganza|Luiz Philippe de Orleans e Bragança]], a member of the [[Brazilian imperial family]] and descendant of Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]]; Luiz Philippe would later be elected to the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-09|title=Almost Bolsonaro's vice-president, prince says that 1889 was the year of the real military coup {{!}} Texto em inglês com áudio|url=https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/wiseup-news/almost-bolsonaros-vice-president-prince-says-that-1889-was-the-year-of-the-real-military-coup/|access-date=2020-12-27|website=Wise Up News: textos em inglês com áudio da Gazeta do Povo|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Luiz Philippe of Orléans-Braganza|Luiz Philippe de Orleans e Bragança]], a member of the [[Brazilian imperial family]] and descendant of Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]]; Luiz Philippe would later be elected to the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-09|title=Almost Bolsonaro's vice-president, prince says that 1889 was the year of the real military coup {{!}} Texto em inglês com áudio|url=https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/wiseup-news/almost-bolsonaros-vice-president-prince-says-that-1889-was-the-year-of-the-real-military-coup/|access-date=2020-12-27|website=Wise Up News: textos em inglês com áudio da Gazeta do Povo}}</ref>
* [[Augusto Heleno]], a retired General in the [[Brazilian Army]]<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-18|title=General Augusto Heleno afirma que não será vice de Bolsonaro|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/07/general-afirma-que-nao-sera-vice-de-bolsonaro.shtml|access-date=2020-12-27|website=Folha de S.Paulo|language=pt-BR}}</ref> who would eventually become Bolsonaro's [[Institutional Security Office of Brazil|Secretary of Institutional Security]].
* [[Augusto Heleno]], a retired General in the [[Brazilian Army]]<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-18|title=General Augusto Heleno afirma que não será vice de Bolsonaro|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/07/general-afirma-que-nao-sera-vice-de-bolsonaro.shtml|access-date=2020-12-27|website=Folha de S.Paulo|language=pt-BR}}</ref> who would eventually become Bolsonaro's [[Institutional Security Office of Brazil|Secretary of Institutional Security]].
* [[Marcelo Álvaro Antônio]], member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] from [[Minas Gerais]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Minas|first=Estado de|date=2018-07-31|title=Vice est� entre Jana�na, pr�ncipe e deputado mineiro, diz Bolsonaro|url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/07/31/interna_politica,976805/vice-esta-entre-janaina-principe-e-deputado-mineiro-diz-bolsonaro.shtml|access-date=2020-12-27|website=Estado de Minas|language=pt-BR}}</ref>
* [[Marcelo Álvaro Antônio]], member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] from [[Minas Gerais]] who would eventually become Bolsonaro's [[Ministry of Tourism (Brazil)|Minister of Tourism]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-31|title=Vice está entre Janaína, príncipe e deputado mineiro, diz Bolsonaro|url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/07/31/interna_politica,976805/vice-esta-entre-janaina-principe-e-deputado-mineiro-diz-bolsonaro.shtml|access-date=2020-12-27|website=Estado de Minas|language=pt-BR}}</ref>
* [[Magno Malta]], [[Brazilian Senate|Senator]] from [[Espirito Santo]]<ref name=":4" />
* [[Magno Malta]], [[Brazilian Senate|Senator]] from [[Espírito Santo]]<ref name=":4" />


== Primary elections ==
== Primary elections ==
The National Executive Committee of Social Liberal Party, and the National Executive Committee of the Brazilian Labour Renewal Party, elected the candidate for office of vice-president and the National Directory of PSL, elected the candidate to President of republic. Karina Rodrigues Fidelix da Cruz (PRTB), appointed by PRTB, and Gulliem Charles Bezerra Lemos (PSL), appointed by PSL, were the delegates of the coalition. Gustavo Bebiano Rocha was the representative of the slate for the Supreme Electoral Court. [[Janaína Paschoal]] refused to be the vice-president candidate together Bolsonaro.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jovempan.uol.com.br/eleicoes-2018/presidenciais/psl-de-bolsonaro-desiste-de-principe-luiz-philippe-de-orleans-por-conta-de-atraso.html|title=PSL de Bolsonaro desiste de príncipe Luiz Philippe de Orléans por conta de atraso – Jovem Pan Online|date=6 August 2018|website=PSL de Bolsonaro desiste de príncipe Luiz Philippe de Orléans por conta de atraso – Jovem Pan Online}}</ref>
The National Executive Committee of Social Liberal Party, and the National Executive Committee of the Brazilian Labour Renewal Party, elected the candidate for office of vice-president and the National Directory of PSL, elected the candidate to President of republic. Karina Rodrigues Fidelix da Cruz (PRTB), appointed by PRTB, and Gulliem Charles Bezerra Lemos (PSL), appointed by PSL, were the delegates of the coalition. Gustavo Bebiano Rocha was the representative of the slate for the Supreme Electoral Court. [[Janaína Paschoal]] refused to be the vice-president candidate together Bolsonaro.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Office
!Office
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|July 22
|July 22
|[[Jair Bolsonaro]]
|[[Jair Bolsonaro]]
|96<ref>http://www.justicaeleitoral.jus.br/arquivos/tse-ata-de-convencao-psl</ref>
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|August 4
|August 4
|[[Luiz Philippe of Orléans-Braganza]]
|[[Luiz Philippe of Orléans-Braganza]]
|11<ref>http://www.justicaeleitoral.jus.br/arquivos/tse-ata-de-convencao-realizada-dia-4-8-2018-psl</ref>
|11<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.justicaeleitoral.jus.br/arquivos/tse-ata-de-convencao-realizada-dia-4-8-2018-psl|title = PDF.js viewer}}</ref>
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|August 5
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|[[Hamilton Mourão]]
|[[Hamilton Mourão]]
|26<ref>http://www.justicaeleitoral.jus.br/arquivos/tse-ata-de-convencao-realizada-dia-5-8-2018-prtb</ref>
|26<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.justicaeleitoral.jus.br/arquivos/tse-ata-de-convencao-realizada-dia-5-8-2018-prtb|title = PDF.js viewer}}</ref>
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Before his campaign, Bolsonaro desired that the senator Magno Malta (from the Party of Republic) or Augusto Heleno,(from the Progressive Republican Party) become the vice-president in his slate,<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/politica/republica/eleicoes-2018/apos-a-facada-quem-e-quem-na-nova-campanha-de-jair-bolsonaro-9velz29v8yk13r0xd2w1ec1la|title=Quem é quem na nova campanha de Jair Bolsonaro. Veja novas e velhas caras|website=Gazeta do Povo}}</ref> but their parties did not allow the two of them to compete together.
Before his campaign, Bolsonaro desired that the senator Magno Malta (from the Party of Republic) or Augusto Heleno,(from the Progressive Republican Party) become the vice-president in his slate,<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/politica/republica/eleicoes-2018/apos-a-facada-quem-e-quem-na-nova-campanha-de-jair-bolsonaro-9velz29v8yk13r0xd2w1ec1la|title=Quem é quem na nova campanha de Jair Bolsonaro. Veja novas e velhas caras|website=Gazeta do Povo}}</ref> but their parties did not allow the two of them to compete together.


During his campaign, Bolsonaro has praised the two-decade (1964-1985) [[Brazilian military government|military dictatorship in Brazil]] and has praised foreign [[Autocracy|autocrats]] such as [[Alberto Fujimori]] of [[Peru]] and [[Augusto Pinochet]] of [[Chile]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/28/jair-bolsonaro-on-brink-of-victory-in-brazil-as-fears-for-democracy-grow|title=Jair Bolsonaro on brink of victory in Brazil as fears for democracy grow|last1=Phillips|first1=Tom|last2=Phillips|first2=Dom|date=2018-10-28|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> Bolsonaro has promised to give police permission to shoot first and ask questions later.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/not-him-brazil-women-protest-jair-bolsonaro-candidacy/|title=Tens of thousands of women in Brazil say "not him" in protest against far-right presidential candidate|access-date=2018-10-01|language=en}}</ref> His platform also promotes liberalizing gun laws and repressive tactics against urban criminality and drug trafficking, along with the advocation of rolling back affirmative action for black-Brazilians and reversing legislation which increases sentences for murdering women because of their gender ([[femicide]]).<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45579635|title=Why Brazilian women are saying #NotHim|last=Uchoa|first=Pablo|date=2018-09-21|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-10-01|language=en-GB}}</ref>
During his campaign, Bolsonaro has praised the two-decade (1964-1985) [[Brazilian military government|military dictatorship in Brazil]] and has praised foreign [[Autocracy|autocrats]] such as [[Alberto Fujimori]] of [[Peru]] and [[Augusto Pinochet]] of [[Chile]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/28/jair-bolsonaro-on-brink-of-victory-in-brazil-as-fears-for-democracy-grow|title=Jair Bolsonaro on brink of victory in Brazil as fears for democracy grow|last1=Phillips|first1=Tom|last2=Phillips|first2=Dom|date=2018-10-28|website=the Guardian|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref> Bolsonaro has promised to give police permission to shoot first and ask questions later.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/not-him-brazil-women-protest-jair-bolsonaro-candidacy/|title=Tens of thousands of women in Brazil say "not him" in protest against far-right presidential candidate|access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref> His platform also promotes liberalizing gun laws and repressive tactics against urban criminality and drug trafficking, along with the advocation of rolling back affirmative action for black-Brazilians and reversing legislation which increases sentences for murdering women because of their gender ([[femicide]]).<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45579635|title=Why Brazilian women are saying #NotHim|last=Uchoa|first=Pablo|date=2018-09-21|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref>


Despite earlier calls for massive policy shifts in environmentalism, Bolsonaro backed away from calls to pull Brazil out of the [[Paris Agreement]]s, and the elimination of Brazil's Environmental Ministry. However he told international non-profit groups such as the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|World Wildlife Fund]], that he would not allow their agendas in Brazil, strongly protested against lands reserved for indigenous tribes, and plans to expand [[Nuclear power|nuclear]] and [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power]] into the [[Amazon rainforest|Amazon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Who-is-Jair-Bolsonaro-the-man-likely-to-be-13343028.php|title=Who is Jair Bolsonaro, the man likely to be Brazil's next president?|last=Faiola|first=Anthony|date=2018-10-28|work=SFGate|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref>
Despite earlier calls for massive policy shifts in environmentalism, Bolsonaro backed away from calls to pull Brazil out of the [[Paris Agreement]]s, and the elimination of Brazil's Environmental Ministry. However he told international non-profit groups such as the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|World Wildlife Fund]], that he would not allow their agendas in Brazil, strongly protested against lands reserved for indigenous tribes, and plans to expand [[Nuclear power|nuclear]] and [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power]] into the [[Amazon rainforest|Amazon]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Who-is-Jair-Bolsonaro-the-man-likely-to-be-13343028.php|title=Who is Jair Bolsonaro, the man likely to be Brazil's next president?|last=Faiola|first=Anthony|date=2018-10-28|work=SFGate|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref>


Some supporters of Bolsonaro have compared him to [[Donald Trump|US President Donald Trump]], and believe that he, like Trump, will bring the radical change that they feel is needed in response to the "lawlessness" of Brazil, with many nicknaming Bolsonaro "the legend."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45652518|title=The Brazilian candidate driving a wedge between friends|last=Watson|first=Katy|date=2018-09-28|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-10-01|language=en-GB}}</ref>
Some supporters of Bolsonaro have compared him to [[Donald Trump|US President Donald Trump]], and believe that he, like Trump, will bring the radical change that they feel is needed in response to the "lawlessness" of Brazil, with many nicknaming Bolsonaro "the legend."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45652518|title=The Brazilian candidate driving a wedge between friends|last=Watson|first=Katy|date=2018-09-28|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref>
[[Steve Bannon]] (chief executive officer of Trump's 2016 presidential bid) has advised Bolsonaro's campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dn.pt/mundo/interior/depois-de-trump-bannon-ajuda-na-campanha-de-bolsonaro-9972152.html |title=Depois de Trump, Bannon ajuda na campanha de Bolsonaro |date=October 9, 2018 |access-date=October 9, 2018 |first=Maria Joao |last=Caetano |newspaper=Diario de Noticias }}</ref>
[[Steve Bannon]] (chief executive officer of Trump's 2016 presidential bid) has advised Bolsonaro's campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dn.pt/mundo/interior/depois-de-trump-bannon-ajuda-na-campanha-de-bolsonaro-9972152.html |title=Depois de Trump, Bannon ajuda na campanha de Bolsonaro |date=October 9, 2018 |access-date=October 9, 2018 |first=Maria Joao |last=Caetano |newspaper=Diario de Noticias }}</ref>


=== Social media ===
=== Social media ===


Social media is believed{{By whom|date=December 2018}} to have made a large impact on Bolsonaro's campaign and at the time of the election he had over 4.3 million followers and many support pages on Facebook along with over 400 thousand followers on Instagram, making him one of the candidates with the largest support on social media.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} He made daily posts related to army topics and aimed at the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) and also interacted with many supporters through posts, replies, and groups on [[WhatsApp]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/especial/noticias/tudo-o-que-voce-sempre-quis-saber-sobre-bolsonaro-mas-tinha-medo-de-perguntar/|title=Tudo o que você sempre quis saber sobre Bolsonaro, mas tinha medo de perguntar|last1=Congresso em Foco|first1=Congresso em Foco|date=14 December 2017|website=www.congressoemfoco.uol.com.br|access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref> During the election Bolsonaro faced allegations that some of his important financial supporters illegally used WhatsApp as means to spread fake news about his opponent Haddad, prompting the company to ban thousands of active accounts during the election period.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Congresso em Foco |first1=Congresso em Foco |title=Tudo o que você sempre quis saber sobre Bolsonaro, mas tinha medo de perguntar |url=https://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/especial/noticias/tudo-o-que-voce-sempre-quis-saber-sobre-bolsonaro-mas-tinha-medo-de-perguntar/ |website=www.congressoemfoco.uol.co.br |publisher=Congresso em Foco |access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref> His supporters have been credited as being extremely active on social media and disseminate most content throughout WhatsApp as almost 93% of them claim to have accounts where almost 43% are politically active in the App.<ref name="BBC News Brasil">{{cite web |last1=Schreiber |first1=Mariana |title=O que pode pesar contra e a favor de Bolsonaro na corrida presidencial |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-42953883 |website=www.bbc.com |publisher=BBC News Brasil |access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref>
Social media is believed{{By whom|date=December 2018}} to have made a large impact on Bolsonaro's campaign and at the time of the election he had over 4.3 million followers and many support pages on Facebook along with over 400 thousand followers on Instagram, making him one of the candidates with the largest support on social media.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} He made daily posts related to army topics and aimed at the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) and also interacted with many supporters through posts, replies, and groups on [[WhatsApp]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/especial/noticias/tudo-o-que-voce-sempre-quis-saber-sobre-bolsonaro-mas-tinha-medo-de-perguntar/|title=Tudo o que você sempre quis saber sobre Bolsonaro, mas tinha medo de perguntar|last1=Congresso em Foco|first1=Congresso em Foco|date=14 December 2017|website=www.congressoemfoco.uol.com.br|access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref> During the election Bolsonaro faced allegations that some of his important financial supporters illegally used WhatsApp as means to spread fake news about his opponent Haddad, prompting the company to ban thousands of active accounts during the election period.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Congresso em Foco |first1=Congresso em Foco |title=Tudo o que você sempre quis saber sobre Bolsonaro, mas tinha medo de perguntar |url=https://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/especial/noticias/tudo-o-que-voce-sempre-quis-saber-sobre-bolsonaro-mas-tinha-medo-de-perguntar/ |website=www.congressoemfoco.uol.co.br |date=14 December 2017 |publisher=Congresso em Foco |access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref> His supporters have been credited as being extremely active on social media and disseminate most content throughout WhatsApp as almost 93% of them claim to have accounts where almost 43% are politically active in the App.<ref name="BBC News Brasil">{{cite news |last1=Schreiber |first1=Mariana |title=O que pode pesar contra e a favor de Bolsonaro na corrida presidencial |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-42953883 |newspaper=BBC News Brasil |access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref>


=== Voter Demographic ===
=== Voter Demographic ===


Bolsonaro's supporters were primarily aged between 16 and 34 years old at about 60% of his voters, almost 30% of which were 24 years old or younger.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Machado |first1=Leandro |title=Por que 60% dos eleitores de Bolsonaro são jovens? |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-41936761 |website=www.bbc.com |publisher=BBC News Brasil}}</ref>
Bolsonaro's supporters were primarily aged between 16 and 34 years old at about 60% of his voters, almost 30% of which were 24 years old or younger.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Machado |first1=Leandro |title=Por que 60% dos eleitores de Bolsonaro são jovens? |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-41936761 |newspaper=BBC News Brasil }}</ref>


===Endorsements===
===Endorsements===
Line 118: Line 111:
| Brazilian professional footballer [[Ronaldinho]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20181006/sports/310069860/|title=Ronaldinho endorses far-right Brazil presidential candidate|agency=Associated Press|date=6 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Brazilian professional footballer [[Ronaldinho]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailyherald.com/article/20181006/sports/310069860/|title=Ronaldinho endorses far-right Brazil presidential candidate|agency=Associated Press|date=6 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Brazilian professional footballer [[Lucas Moura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.football.co.uk/news/tottenham-star-lucas-moura-endorses-brazilian-politician-jai/329963/#cC8CwhPQL4TPh4ez.97|title=Tottenham star Lucas Moura endorses Brazilian politician Jair Bolsonaro|first=Digital Sports Group|last=LTD|publisher=}}</ref>
| Brazilian professional footballer [[Lucas Moura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.football.co.uk/news/tottenham-star-lucas-moura-endorses-brazilian-politician-jai/329963/#cC8CwhPQL4TPh4ez.97|title=Tottenham star Lucas Moura endorses Brazilian politician Jair Bolsonaro|first=Digital Sports Group|last=LTD|publisher=}}</ref>
| Brazilian professional footballer [[Felipe Melo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tampabay.com/ap/sports/brazil-backlash-as-footballers-back-far-right-poll-candidate-ap_sportsbe898a0992914738b2f90bc1e862a88a |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915121845/https://www.tampabay.com/ap/sports/brazil-backlash-as-footballers-back-far-right-poll-candidate-ap_sportsbe898a0992914738b2f90bc1e862a88a |archive-date=15 September 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| Brazilian professional footballer [[Felipe Melo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tampabay.com/ap/sports/brazil-backlash-as-footballers-back-far-right-poll-candidate-ap_sportsbe898a0992914738b2f90bc1e862a88a |title=Brazil backlash as footballers back far-right poll candidate |access-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915121845/https://www.tampabay.com/ap/sports/brazil-backlash-as-footballers-back-far-right-poll-candidate-ap_sportsbe898a0992914738b2f90bc1e862a88a |archive-date=15 September 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| Brazilian professional footballer [[Jádson]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jacobinmag.com/2018/01/ronaldinho-jair-bolsonaro-brazil-lula|title=Ronaldinho and the Right-Winger|first=Euan|last=Marshall|access-date=11 October 2018|publisher=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]}}</ref>
| Brazilian professional footballer [[Jádson]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jacobinmag.com/2018/01/ronaldinho-jair-bolsonaro-brazil-lula|title=Ronaldinho and the Right-Winger|first=Euan|last=Marshall|access-date=11 October 2018|publisher=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]}}</ref>
| Brazilian professional footballer [[Rivaldo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://renovamidia.com.br/bolsonaro-celebra-apoio-do-pentacampeao-rivaldo/|title=Bolsonaro celebra apoio do pentacampeão Rivaldo - Renova Mídia|date=3 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Brazilian professional footballer [[Rivaldo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://renovamidia.com.br/bolsonaro-celebra-apoio-do-pentacampeao-rivaldo/|title=Bolsonaro celebra apoio do pentacampeão Rivaldo - Renova Mídia|date=3 October 2018|publisher=|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018082849/https://renovamidia.com.br/bolsonaro-celebra-apoio-do-pentacampeao-rivaldo/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|Retired Brazilian professional footballer and 2002 world cup champion [[Kaká]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/radar/kaka-marca-encontro-com-jair-bolsonaro/|title=Kaká marca encontro com Jair Bolsonaro - Radar|publisher=}}</ref>
|Retired Brazilian professional footballer and 2002 world cup champion [[Kaká]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/radar/kaka-marca-encontro-com-jair-bolsonaro/|title=Kaká marca encontro com Jair Bolsonaro - Radar|publisher=}}</ref>
|Retired Brazilian professional footballer and 1994 and 2002 world cup champion [[Cafu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Capitão do penta, Cafu declara que votará em Jair Bolsonaro|url=https://esportes.yahoo.com/noticias/campeao-penta-cafu-declara-apoio-jair-bolsonaro-195150916.html|date=15 August 2018|access-date=9 October 2018|language=Portuguese|publisher=Yahoo Esportes}}</ref>
|Retired Brazilian professional footballer and 1994 and 2002 world cup champion [[Cafu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Capitão do penta, Cafu declara que votará em Jair Bolsonaro|url=https://esportes.yahoo.com/noticias/campeao-penta-cafu-declara-apoio-jair-bolsonaro-195150916.html|date=15 August 2018|access-date=9 October 2018|language=Portuguese|publisher=Yahoo Esportes}}</ref>
| Brazilian volleyball player [[Wallace de Souza]].<ref name="1news.com.br">{{cite web|url=https://www.1news.com.br/noticia/524258/esportes/jogadores-da-selecao-de-volei-apoiam-bolsonaro-ganham-seguidores-mas-sao-atacados-932-15092018|title=Após suposto apoio a Bolsonaro, jogadores da seleção de vôlei ganham seguidores e são atacados|date=15 September 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Brazilian volleyball player [[Wallace de Souza]].<ref name="1news.com.br">{{cite web|url=https://www.1news.com.br/noticia/524258/esportes/jogadores-da-selecao-de-volei-apoiam-bolsonaro-ganham-seguidores-mas-sao-atacados-932-15092018|title=Após suposto apoio a Bolsonaro, jogadores da seleção de vôlei ganham seguidores e são atacados|date=15 September 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Brazilian volleyball player [[Maurício Souza]],<ref name="1news.com.br"/>
| Brazilian volleyball player [[Maurício Souza (volleyball)|Maurício Souza]],<ref name="1news.com.br"/>
|Singer and songwriter [[Gusttavo Lima]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.otvfoco.com.br/em-meio-a-protestos-gusttavo-lima-defende-bolsonaro-em-show-e-divide-opinioes/|title=Em meio a protestos, Gusttavo Lima defende Bolsonaro em show e divide opiniões – TV Foco|date=22 September 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
|Singer and songwriter [[Gusttavo Lima]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.otvfoco.com.br/em-meio-a-protestos-gusttavo-lima-defende-bolsonaro-em-show-e-divide-opinioes/|title=Em meio a protestos, Gusttavo Lima defende Bolsonaro em show e divide opiniões – TV Foco|date=22 September 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
|Singer and songwriter [[Zezé Di Camargo & Luciano|Zezé Di Camargo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvefamosos.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2018/10/05/zeze-di-camargo-declara-apoio-a-bolsonaro-bandeira-e-verde-e-amarela.htm|title=Zezé Di Camargo declara apoio a Bolsonaro: "Bandeira é verde e amarela"|publisher=}}</ref>
|Singer and songwriter [[Zezé Di Camargo & Luciano|Zezé Di Camargo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvefamosos.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2018/10/05/zeze-di-camargo-declara-apoio-a-bolsonaro-bandeira-e-verde-e-amarela.htm|title=Zezé Di Camargo declara apoio a Bolsonaro: "Bandeira é verde e amarela"|publisher=}}</ref>
|Singer and songwriter Eduardo Costa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/10/16/bolsonaro-recebe-cantor-sertanejo-e-chora-ao-falar-de-facada.htm|title=Bolsonaro recebe cantor sertanejo e chora ao falar de facada - Notícias - UOL Eleições 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
|Singer and songwriter Eduardo Costa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/10/16/bolsonaro-recebe-cantor-sertanejo-e-chora-ao-falar-de-facada.htm|title=Bolsonaro recebe cantor sertanejo e chora ao falar de facada - Notícias - UOL Eleições 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Conductor Eduardo Lages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.folhapolitica.org/2018/10/maestro-de-roberto-carlos-declara-apoio.html|title=Maestro de Roberto Carlos declara apoio a Jair Bolsonaro: 'Esse cara é você!'; veja vídeo|website=www.folhapolitica.org}}</ref>
| Conductor Eduardo Lages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.folhapolitica.org/2018/10/maestro-de-roberto-carlos-declara-apoio.html|title=Maestro de Roberto Carlos declara apoio a Jair Bolsonaro: 'Esse cara é você!'; veja vídeo|website=www.folhapolitica.org}}</ref>
| Professional MMA fighter and former UFC champion [[José Aldo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.diarioonline.com.br/entretenimento/fama/noticia-542643-quem-sao-os-famosos-que-apoiam-bolsonaro.html|title=Quem são os famosos que apoiam Bolsonaro|website=Diário Online - Fama}}</ref>
| Professional MMA fighter and former UFC champion [[José Aldo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.diarioonline.com.br/entretenimento/fama/noticia-542643-quem-sao-os-famosos-que-apoiam-bolsonaro.html|title=Quem são os famosos que apoiam Bolsonaro|website=Diário Online - Fama|date=24 September 2018}}</ref>
| Professional MMA fighter and former PRIDE champion [[Wanderlei Silva]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bolsonaro é quem mais defende penas severas contra estupro ! À esquerda vive no mundo da mentira! Mais não nos enganam mais ! Pra vcs acabou|url=https://twitter.com/wandfc/status/745383788142723073?lang=en|work=Wanderlei Silva - Twitter Account|language=Portuguese|date=21 June 2016|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref>
| Professional MMA fighter and former PRIDE champion [[Wanderlei Silva]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bolsonaro é quem mais defende penas severas contra estupro ! À esquerda vive no mundo da mentira! Mais não nos enganam mais ! Pra vcs acabou|url=https://twitter.com/wandfc/status/745383788142723073?lang=en|work=Wanderlei Silva - Twitter Account|language=Portuguese|date=21 June 2016|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref>
| Professional MMA fighter and former UFC champion [[Anderson Silva]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Eduardo Bolsonaro e Anderson Silva falando sobre desarmamento|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oor-gFEu0mk|language=Portuguese|date=10 July 2016|access-date=15 March 2019|website=YouTube}}</ref>
| Professional MMA fighter and former UFC champion [[Anderson Silva]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Eduardo Bolsonaro e Anderson Silva falando sobre desarmamento|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oor-gFEu0mk|language=Portuguese|date=10 July 2016|access-date=15 March 2019|website=YouTube}}</ref>
| Mixed Martial artists [[Paulo Costa (fighter)|Paulo Costa]], [[Thiago Tavares]], [[Darren Till]], [[Warlley Alves]], [[Jacare Souza]] <ref>{{cite web|title=Why are MMA fighters endorsing Brazil's far-right presidential candidate?|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2018/10/24/18018704/why-mma-fighters-endorsing-bolsonaro-brazils-far-right-presidential-candidate-karim-zidan-feature|first=Karim|last=Zidan|date=24 October 2018|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref>
| Mixed Martial artists [[Paulo Costa (fighter)|Paulo Costa]], [[Thiago Tavares]], [[Darren Till]], [[Warlley Alves]], [[Jacare Souza]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Why are MMA fighters endorsing Brazil's far-right presidential candidate?|url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2018/10/24/18018704/why-mma-fighters-endorsing-bolsonaro-brazils-far-right-presidential-candidate-karim-zidan-feature|first=Karim|last=Zidan|date=24 October 2018|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref>
| Comedian and television host [[Danilo Gentili]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.1news.com.br/noticia/525924/noticias/jair-bolsonaro-assiste-stand-up-de-danilo-gentili-na-hora-do-debate-da-globo-05102018|title=Jair Bolsonaro assiste stand-up de Danilo Gentili na hora do debate da Globo|date=5 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Comedian and television host [[Danilo Gentili]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.1news.com.br/noticia/525924/noticias/jair-bolsonaro-assiste-stand-up-de-danilo-gentili-na-hora-do-debate-da-globo-05102018|title=Jair Bolsonaro assiste stand-up de Danilo Gentili na hora do debate da Globo|date=5 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Comedian and television host [[:pt:Carlos Massa|Ratinho]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/10/17/bolsonaro-faz-reuniao-em-casa-com-ratinho-e-senadores-chilenos.htm|title=Bolsonaro faz reunião em casa com Ratinho e senadores chilenos - Notícias - UOL Eleições 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Comedian and television host [[:pt:Carlos Massa|Ratinho]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/10/17/bolsonaro-faz-reuniao-em-casa-com-ratinho-e-senadores-chilenos.htm|title=Bolsonaro faz reunião em casa com Ratinho e senadores chilenos - Notícias - UOL Eleições 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Humorist Jonathan Nemer.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
| Humorist Jonathan Nemer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pleno.news/brasil/eleicoes-2018/cristaos-manifestam-apoio-apos-bolsonaro-ser-esfaqueado.html|title=Cristãos manifestam apoio após Bolsonaro ser esfaqueado|publisher=}}</ref>
| Actor [[Alexandre Frota]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/eleicoes/2018/ator-alexandre-frota-se-filia-ao-psl-com-a-bencao-de-bolsonaro-3ylfiezlk7p9odc70qflm5f3m|title=Alexandre Frota se filia ao PSL com a bênção de Bolsonaro|publisher=|access-date=20 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920234439/https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/eleicoes/2018/ator-alexandre-frota-se-filia-ao-psl-com-a-bencao-de-bolsonaro-3ylfiezlk7p9odc70qflm5f3m|archive-date=20 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Actor [[Alexandre Frota]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/eleicoes/2018/ator-alexandre-frota-se-filia-ao-psl-com-a-bencao-de-bolsonaro-3ylfiezlk7p9odc70qflm5f3m|title=Alexandre Frota se filia ao PSL com a bênção de Bolsonaro|publisher=|access-date=20 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920234439/https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/eleicoes/2018/ator-alexandre-frota-se-filia-ao-psl-com-a-bencao-de-bolsonaro-3ylfiezlk7p9odc70qflm5f3m|archive-date=20 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Makeup artists Augustin Fernandez<ref>{{cite web|url=https://observatoriog.bol.uol.com.br/noticias/2018/10/gay-assumido-e-influenciador-agustin-fernandez-declara-apoio-a-bolsonaro|title=Gay assumido e influenciador, Agustin Fernandez declara apoio a Bolsonaro|first=Tiago|last=Minervino|website=Observatório G}}</ref> and Lili Ferraz.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/10/14/interna_politica,997075/maquiador-lili-ferraz-declara-apoio-a-bolsonaro-ele-pensa-igual-a-mi.shtml|title=Maquiador Lili Ferraz declara apoio a Bolsonaro: 'Ele pensa igual a mim, tá bom?'|first=Estado de|last=Minas|date=14 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Makeup artists Augustin Fernandez<ref>{{cite web|url=https://observatoriog.bol.uol.com.br/noticias/2018/10/gay-assumido-e-influenciador-agustin-fernandez-declara-apoio-a-bolsonaro|title=Gay assumido e influenciador, Agustin Fernandez declara apoio a Bolsonaro|first=Tiago|last=Minervino|website=Observatório G}}</ref> and Lili Ferraz.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/10/14/interna_politica,997075/maquiador-lili-ferraz-declara-apoio-a-bolsonaro-ele-pensa-igual-a-mi.shtml|title=Maquiador Lili Ferraz declara apoio a Bolsonaro: 'Ele pensa igual a mim, tá bom?'|first=Estado de|last=Minas|date=14 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
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| Actor [[Carlos Vereza]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/09/24/interna_politica,991312/de-hospital-bolsonaro-divulga-video-ao-lado-de-ator.shtml|title=De hospital, Bolsonaro divulga vídeo ao lado de ator|first=Estado de|last=Minas|date=24 September 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Actor [[Carlos Vereza]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/09/24/interna_politica,991312/de-hospital-bolsonaro-divulga-video-ao-lado-de-ator.shtml|title=De hospital, Bolsonaro divulga vídeo ao lado de ator|first=Estado de|last=Minas|date=24 September 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Actor Mário Gomes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.folhapolitica.org/2018/10/ator-mario-gomes-declara-total-apoio.html|title=Ator Mário Gomes declara total apoio a Bolsonaro e faz discurso veemente contra o PT; veja vídeo|website=www.folhapolitica.org}}</ref>
| Actor Mário Gomes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.folhapolitica.org/2018/10/ator-mario-gomes-declara-total-apoio.html|title=Ator Mário Gomes declara total apoio a Bolsonaro e faz discurso veemente contra o PT; veja vídeo|website=www.folhapolitica.org}}</ref>
| Actress [[Regina Duarte]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/eleicoes-2018/bolsonaro-recebe-visita-de-regina-duarte|title=Bolsonaro recebe visita de Regina Duarte|website=Metrópoles}}</ref>
| Actress [[Regina Duarte]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/eleicoes-2018/bolsonaro-recebe-visita-de-regina-duarte|title=Bolsonaro recebe visita de Regina Duarte|website=Metrópoles|date=12 October 2018}}</ref>
| Businessman, owner of Havan stores, [[Luciano Hang]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://omunicipio.com.br/jair-bolsonaro-participara-de-transmissao-ao-vivo-com-luciano-hang/|title=Jair Bolsonaro participará de transmissão ao vivo com Luciano Hang|last=Redação|date=10 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Businessman, owner of Havan stores, [[Luciano Hang]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://omunicipio.com.br/jair-bolsonaro-participara-de-transmissao-ao-vivo-com-luciano-hang/|title=Jair Bolsonaro participará de transmissão ao vivo com Luciano Hang|last=Redação|date=10 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Advertising entrepreneur and presenter [[Roberto Justus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/eleicoes-2018/roberto-justus-grava-video-em-apoio-a-bolsonaro|title=Roberto Justus grava vídeo em apoio a Bolsonaro|website=Metrópoles}}</ref>
| Advertising entrepreneur and presenter [[Roberto Justus]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/eleicoes-2018/roberto-justus-grava-video-em-apoio-a-bolsonaro|title=Roberto Justus grava vídeo em apoio a Bolsonaro|website=Metrópoles|date=25 October 2018}}</ref>
| Philosopher [[Olavo de Carvalho]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tercalivre.com.br/bolsonaro-e-olavo-de-carvalho-fazem-alertas-importantes/|title=Bolsonaro e Olavo de Carvalho fazem alertas importantes - Terça Livre TV|website=www.tercalivre.com.br}}</ref>
| Philosopher [[Olavo de Carvalho]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tercalivre.com.br/bolsonaro-e-olavo-de-carvalho-fazem-alertas-importantes/|title=Bolsonaro e Olavo de Carvalho fazem alertas importantes - Terça Livre TV|website=www.tercalivre.com.br|date=25 September 2018}}</ref>
| Singer-songwriter [[Lobão]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/09/com-alckmin-psdb-perde-apoio-de-artistas-na-internet.shtml|title=Com Alckmin, PSDB perde apoio de artistas na internet|date=19 September 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Singer-songwriter [[Lobão (musician)|Lobão]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/09/com-alckmin-psdb-perde-apoio-de-artistas-na-internet.shtml|title=Com Alckmin, PSDB perde apoio de artistas na internet|date=19 September 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Astronaut [[Marcos Pontes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sul21.com.br/ultimas-noticias/politica/2018/10/onyx-lorenzoni-astronauta-marcos-pontes-e-bancada-ruralista-bolsonaro-ja-indica-possiveis-ministros/|title=Onyx Lorenzoni, astronauta Marcos Pontes e bancada ruralista: Bolsonaro já indica possíveis ministros - Sul 21|date=11 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Astronaut [[Marcos Pontes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sul21.com.br/ultimas-noticias/politica/2018/10/onyx-lorenzoni-astronauta-marcos-pontes-e-bancada-ruralista-bolsonaro-ja-indica-possiveis-ministros/|title=Onyx Lorenzoni, astronauta Marcos Pontes e bancada ruralista: Bolsonaro já indica possíveis ministros - Sul 21|date=11 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
|[[Formula One]]-winning racing driver [[Emerson Fittipaldi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esporte.uol.com.br/velocidade/ultimas-noticias/2018/09/27/emerson-fittipaldi-faz-visita-a-jair-bolsonaro-em-hospital.htm|title=Emerson Fittipaldi faz visita a Jair Bolsonaro em hospital|publisher=}}</ref>
|[[Formula One]]-winning racing driver [[Emerson Fittipaldi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esporte.uol.com.br/velocidade/ultimas-noticias/2018/09/27/emerson-fittipaldi-faz-visita-a-jair-bolsonaro-em-hospital.htm|title=Emerson Fittipaldi faz visita a Jair Bolsonaro em hospital|publisher=}}</ref>
Line 156: Line 149:
| Former MDB governor of [[Rio Grande do Sul]] [[José Ivo Sartori]] (second round)<ref>{{cite web|title=Sartori (MDB) declara apoio a Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) no segundo turno|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/rio-grande-do-sul/sartori-mdb-declara-apoio-a-jair-bolsonaro-psl-no-segundo-turno/|date=8 October 2018|access-date=15 March 2019|first=Paula|last=Sperb|publisher=Veja|language=Portuguese}}</ref>
| Former MDB governor of [[Rio Grande do Sul]] [[José Ivo Sartori]] (second round)<ref>{{cite web|title=Sartori (MDB) declara apoio a Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) no segundo turno|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/rio-grande-do-sul/sartori-mdb-declara-apoio-a-jair-bolsonaro-psl-no-segundo-turno/|date=8 October 2018|access-date=15 March 2019|first=Paula|last=Sperb|publisher=Veja|language=Portuguese}}</ref>
| PSDB's [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] governor-elect [[João Doria]] (second round)<ref name="globo.com"/>
| PSDB's [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] governor-elect [[João Doria]] (second round)<ref name="globo.com"/>
| PSC's [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] governor-elect [[Wilson Witzel]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infomoney.com.br/mercados/politica/noticia/7662256/candidato-que-apoiou-bolsonaro-witzel-dispara-e-vai-para-1-lugar-na-disputa-ao-governo-do-rio-diz-boca-de-urna|title=Candidato que apoiou Bolsonaro, Witzel dispara e vai para 1º lugar na disputa ao governo do Rio, diz boca de urna|publisher=}}</ref>
| PSC's [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] governor-elect [[Wilson Witzel]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.infomoney.com.br/mercados/politica/noticia/7662256/candidato-que-apoiou-bolsonaro-witzel-dispara-e-vai-para-1-lugar-na-disputa-ao-governo-do-rio-diz-boca-de-urna|title=Candidato que apoiou Bolsonaro, Witzel dispara e vai para 1º lugar na disputa ao governo do Rio, diz boca de urna|date=7 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| NOVO's [[Minas Gerais]] governor-elect [[Romeu Zema]] (second round)<ref>{{cite web|title=Candidato ao governo de Minas, Romeu Zema declara apoio a Bolsonaro em rede social|url=https://g1.globo.com/mg/minas-gerais/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/10/10/candidato-ao-governo-de-minas-romeu-zema-declara-apoio-a-bolsonaro-em-rede-social.ghtml|first=Cíntia|last=Paes|work=G1 Minas|publisher=Globo|language=Portuguese|date=10 October 2018|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref>
| NOVO's [[Minas Gerais]] governor-elect [[Romeu Zema]] (second round)<ref>{{cite web|title=Candidato ao governo de Minas, Romeu Zema declara apoio a Bolsonaro em rede social|url=https://g1.globo.com/mg/minas-gerais/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/10/10/candidato-ao-governo-de-minas-romeu-zema-declara-apoio-a-bolsonaro-em-rede-social.ghtml|first=Cíntia|last=Paes|work=G1 Minas|publisher=Globo|language=Portuguese|date=10 October 2018|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref>
| PSDB's [[Rio Grande do Sul]] governor-elect [[Eduardo Leite]] (second round)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tucano Eduardo Leite declara apoio a Jair Bolsonaro no segundo turno Estadão|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,tucano-eduardo-leite-declara-apoio-a-jair-bolsonaro-no-segundo-turno,70002538043|date=7 October 2018|access-date=15 March 2019|language=Portuguese}}</ref>
| PSDB's [[Rio Grande do Sul]] governor-elect [[Eduardo Leite]] (second round)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tucano Eduardo Leite declara apoio a Jair Bolsonaro no segundo turno Estadão|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,tucano-eduardo-leite-declara-apoio-a-jair-bolsonaro-no-segundo-turno,70002538043|date=7 October 2018|access-date=15 March 2019|language=Portuguese}}</ref>
| Dem's Federal deputy-elect and leader of the [[Free Brazil Movement]], [[Kim Kataguiri]] (second round)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/10/07/eleito-deputado-federal-kim-kataguiri-declara-voto-util-em-bolsonaro.htm|title=Eleito deputado federal, Kim Kataguiri declara voto útil em Bolsonaro - Notícias - UOL Eleições 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Dem's Federal deputy-elect and leader of the [[Free Brazil Movement]], [[Kim Kataguiri]] (second round)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticias/2018/10/07/eleito-deputado-federal-kim-kataguiri-declara-voto-util-em-bolsonaro.htm|title=Eleito deputado federal, Kim Kataguiri declara voto útil em Bolsonaro - Notícias - UOL Eleições 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| PSL's federal deputy-elect and member of the [[Brazilian imperial family]], [[Luiz Philippe of Orléans-Braganza]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/brasil/politica/bolsonaro-optou-por-quem-ele-ja-conhece-diz-luiz-philippe-de-orleans-e-braganca,50383f5d43126a92178cb7911960cea27kmd0o5w.html|title=Bolsonaro optou por quem ele já conhece, diz príncipe|publisher=}}</ref>
| PSL's federal deputy-elect and member of the [[Brazilian imperial family]], [[Luiz Philippe of Orléans-Braganza]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/brasil/politica/bolsonaro-optou-por-quem-ele-ja-conhece-diz-luiz-philippe-de-orleans-e-braganca,50383f5d43126a92178cb7911960cea27kmd0o5w.html|title=Bolsonaro optou por quem ele já conhece, diz príncipe|publisher=}}</ref>
| PSL's federal deputy-elect and journalist [[Joice Hasselmann]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jovempan.uol.com.br/eleicoes-2018/sao-paulo/eu-sou-o-bolsonaro-de-cabelo-loiro-diz-joice-hasselmann.html|title='Eu sou o Bolsonaro de cabelo loiro', diz Joice Hasselmann – Jovem Pan Online|date=9 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| PSL's federal deputy-elect and journalist [[Joice Hasselmann]]{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
| PR's incumbent federal senator [[Magno Malta]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.extramt.com.br/esportes/magno-malta-comanda-carreata-em-apoio-a-bolsonaro/|title=Magno Malta comanda carreata em apoio a Bolsonaro - Extra MT|first=Jean|last=Barros|publisher=|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122328/http://www.extramt.com.br/esportes/magno-malta-comanda-carreata-em-apoio-a-bolsonaro/|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| PR's incumbent federal senator [[Magno Malta]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.extramt.com.br/esportes/magno-malta-comanda-carreata-em-apoio-a-bolsonaro/|title=Magno Malta comanda carreata em apoio a Bolsonaro - Extra MT|first=Jean|last=Barros|publisher=|access-date=18 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018122328/http://www.extramt.com.br/esportes/magno-malta-comanda-carreata-em-apoio-a-bolsonaro/|archive-date=18 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>


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| Chilean president [[Sebastián Piñera]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oantagonista.com/mundo/bolsonaro-comeca-a-receber-apoio-internacional/|title=Bolsonaro começa a receber apoio internacional - O Antagonista|date=15 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Chilean president [[Sebastián Piñera]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oantagonista.com/mundo/bolsonaro-comeca-a-receber-apoio-internacional/|title=Bolsonaro começa a receber apoio internacional - O Antagonista|date=15 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Chilean senators [[Jacqueline van Rysselberghe]] and José Durana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2018-10/parlamentares-conservadores-do-chile-manifestam-apoio-bolsonaro|title=Parlamentares conservadores do Chile manifestam apoio a Bolsonaro|date=17 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Chilean senators [[Jacqueline van Rysselberghe]] and José Durana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2018-10/parlamentares-conservadores-do-chile-manifestam-apoio-bolsonaro|title=Parlamentares conservadores do Chile manifestam apoio a Bolsonaro|date=17 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| Chilean former presidential candidate [[José Antonio Kast]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fierro |first1=Camila |title=José Antonio Kast tras reunión con Bolsonaro: "Él definitivamente va ser el próximo Presidente de Brasil" |url=https://www.radioagricultura.cl/politica/2018/10/19/jose-antonio-kast-tras-reunion-con-bolsonaro-el-definitivamente-va-ser-el-proximo-presidente-de-brasil.html |access-date=20 October 2018 |agency=[[Radio Agricultura]]|date=19 October 2018 |language=Spanish}}</ref>
| Chilean former presidential candidate [[José Antonio Kast]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fierro |first1=Camila |title=José Antonio Kast tras reunión con Bolsonaro: "Él definitivamente va ser el próximo Presidente de Brasil" |url=https://www.radioagricultura.cl/politica/2018/10/19/jose-antonio-kast-tras-reunion-con-bolsonaro-el-definitivamente-va-ser-el-proximo-presidente-de-brasil.html |access-date=20 October 2018 |agency=[[Radio Agricultura]] |date=19 October 2018 |language=Spanish |archive-date=21 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021024625/https://www.radioagricultura.cl/politica/2018/10/19/jose-antonio-kast-tras-reunion-con-bolsonaro-el-definitivamente-va-ser-el-proximo-presidente-de-brasil.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| Italian deputy prime minister [[Matteo Salvini]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/pt-br/l%C3%ADder-italiano-sa%C3%BAda-%C3%AAxito-de-bolsonaro-e-diz-que-brasil-respira-novos-ares/a-45801519|title=Líder italiano saúda êxito de Bolsonaro e diz que Brasil respira "novos ares" - DW - 08.10.2018|website=DW.COM}}</ref>
| Italian deputy prime minister [[Matteo Salvini]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/pt-br/l%C3%ADder-italiano-sa%C3%BAda-%C3%AAxito-de-bolsonaro-e-diz-que-brasil-respira-novos-ares/a-45801519|title=Líder italiano saúda êxito de Bolsonaro e diz que Brasil respira "novos ares" - DW - 08.10.2018|website=DW.COM}}</ref>
| Argentinian president [[Mauricio Macri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,bolsonaro-afirma-que-recebeu-ligacao-do-presidente-da-argentina,70002550408|title=Bolsonaro afirma que recebeu ligação do presidente da Argentina - Política - Estadão|publisher=}}</ref>
| Argentinian president [[Mauricio Macri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,bolsonaro-afirma-que-recebeu-ligacao-do-presidente-da-argentina,70002550408|title=Bolsonaro afirma que recebeu ligação do presidente da Argentina - Política - Estadão|publisher=}}</ref>
| American former Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, [[David Duke]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/south-america/ex-kkk-leader-david-duke-offers-support-for-jair-bolsonaro-20181017-p50a33.html|title=Ex-KKK leader David Duke offers support for Jair Bolsonaro|first=David|last=Biller|date=16 October 2018|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>
| American former Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, [[David Duke]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/south-america/ex-kkk-leader-david-duke-offers-support-for-jair-bolsonaro-20181017-p50a33.html|title=Ex-KKK leader David Duke offers support for Jair Bolsonaro|first=David|last=Biller|date=16 October 2018|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>
| Former White House Chief Strategist and former executive chairman of [[Breitbart News]], [[Steve Bannon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-bannon/steve-bannon-endorses-far-right-brazilian-presidential-candidate-idUSKCN1N01S1|title=Steve Bannon endorses far-right Brazilian presidential candidate|first=Reuters|last=Editorial|publisher=}}</ref>
| Former White House Chief Strategist and former executive chairman of [[Breitbart News]], [[Steve Bannon]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-bannon/steve-bannon-endorses-far-right-brazilian-presidential-candidate-idUSKCN1N01S1|title=Steve Bannon endorses far-right Brazilian presidential candidate|first=Reuters|last=Editorial|newspaper=Reuters|date=26 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| United States President [[Donald Trump]]
| President of Colombia [[Ivan Duque]]


====Media====
====Media====
| The Editorial Board of the [[Wall Street Journal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/brazilian-swamp-drainer-1539039700|title=Opinion - Brazilian Swamp Drainer|author=The Editorial Board|date=8 October 2018|publisher=|via=www.wsj.com}}</ref>
| The [[Washington Examiner]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/the-economist-is-wrong-jair-bolsonaro-would-be-better-for-brazil-than-fernando-haddad|title=The Economist is wrong, Jair Bolsonaro would be better for Brazil than Fernando Haddad|date=22 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
| The [[Washington Examiner]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/the-economist-is-wrong-jair-bolsonaro-would-be-better-for-brazil-than-fernando-haddad|title=The Economist is wrong, Jair Bolsonaro would be better for Brazil than Fernando Haddad|date=22 October 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
}}
}}
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== Attack during campaign event ==
== Attack during campaign event ==
{{Main|Attempted assassination of Jair Bolsonaro}}
[[File:Bolsonaro é esfaqueado (2).jpg|right|thumb|Bolsonaro being stabbed at a [[Juiz de Fora]] rally]]
[[File:Bolsonaro é esfaqueado (2).jpg|right|thumb|Bolsonaro being stabbed at a [[Juiz de Fora]] rally]]
Bolsonaro was stabbed on 6 September 2018 while campaigning and interacting with supporters in the city of [[Juiz de Fora]], [[Minas Gerais]].<ref name="Londono18">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/06/world/americas/brazil-jair-bolsonaro.html|title=Brazil Presidential Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Is Stabbed at Campaign Rally|last1=Londoño|first1=Ernesto|date=6 September 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=6 September 2018|language=en}}</ref> Bolsonaro's son, [[Flávio Bolsonaro|Flávio]], has stated that his father's wounds were only superficial and he was recovering in hospital.<ref name="Phillips18">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/brazil-jair-bolsonaro-far-right-presidential-candidate-stabbed|title=Jair Bolsonaro: Brazil's far-right presidential hopeful stabbed at campaign rally|last1=Phillips|first1=Dom|date=6 September 2018|work=the Guardian|access-date=6 September 2018|language=en}}</ref> Police arrested and identified the attacker as Adelio Bispo de Oliveira, who claimed that he was "ordered by God to carry out the attack".<ref name="SaveresePrengaman18">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/brazilian-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-stabbed-during-event/2018/09/06/d4f13876-b20c-11e8-8b53-50116768e499_story.html|title=Brazil presidential candidate Bolsonaro stabbed during event|last1=Savarese|first1=Mauricio|date=6 September 2018|work=Washington Post|access-date=6 September 2018|last2=Prengaman|first2=Peter|language=en}}</ref> Flávio Bolsonaro later stated that the wounds inflicted seem worse than initially thought. He tweeted about his father's condition, explaining that the perforation reached part of the liver, the lung and part of the intestine. He also stated that Bolsonaro had lost a large amount of blood, arriving at the hospital with a pressure of 10/3, but had since stabilized.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/FlavioBolsonaro/status/1037808900660256773|title=Flávio Bolsonaro 177 Senador_RJ Verified account|last=Flávio|first=Bolsonaro|date=6 September 2018|website=Twitter|access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/brazilian-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-stabbed-event-57652075|title=Brazilian candidate Jair Bolsonaro stabbed during event|last1=Savarese|first1=Mauricio|date=6 September 2018|work=ABC News|access-date=6 September 2018|last2=Prengaman|first2=Peter|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Londono18" /> Most of the other candidates in the presidential race (from both sides of the [[political spectrum]]), and the then Brazilian president, [[Michel Temer]], condemned the attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/09/06/bolsonaro-leva-facada-veja-repercussao.ghtml|title=Bolsonaro leva facada em MG: veja repercussão|date=6 September 2018|work=G1.com|access-date=6 September 2018|language=pt}}</ref>
Bolsonaro was stabbed on 6 September 2018 while campaigning and interacting with supporters in the city of [[Juiz de Fora]], [[Minas Gerais]].<ref name="Londono18">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/06/world/americas/brazil-jair-bolsonaro.html|title=Brazil Presidential Candidate Jair Bolsonaro Is Stabbed at Campaign Rally|last1=Londoño|first1=Ernesto|date=6 September 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> Bolsonaro's son, [[Flávio Bolsonaro|Flávio]], has stated that his father's wounds were only superficial and he was recovering in hospital.<ref name="Phillips18">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/brazil-jair-bolsonaro-far-right-presidential-candidate-stabbed|title=Jair Bolsonaro: Brazil's far-right presidential hopeful stabbed at campaign rally|last1=Phillips|first1=Dom|date=6 September 2018|work=the Guardian|access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref> Police arrested and identified the attacker as Adelio Bispo de Oliveira, who claimed that he was "ordered by God to carry out the attack".<ref name="SaveresePrengaman18">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/brazilian-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-stabbed-during-event/2018/09/06/d4f13876-b20c-11e8-8b53-50116768e499_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031937/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/brazilian-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-stabbed-during-event/2018/09/06/d4f13876-b20c-11e8-8b53-50116768e499_story.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 December 2018|title=Brazil presidential candidate Bolsonaro stabbed during event|last1=Savarese|first1=Mauricio|date=6 September 2018|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=6 September 2018|last2=Prengaman|first2=Peter}}</ref> Flávio Bolsonaro later stated that the wounds inflicted seem worse than initially thought. He tweeted about his father's condition, explaining that the perforation reached part of the liver, the lung and part of the intestine. He also stated that Bolsonaro had lost a large amount of blood, arriving at the hospital with a pressure of 10/3, but had since stabilized.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/FlavioBolsonaro/status/1037808900660256773|title=Flávio Bolsonaro 177 Senador_RJ Verified account|last=Flávio|first=Bolsonaro|date=6 September 2018|website=Twitter|access-date=6 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/brazilian-candidate-jair-bolsonaro-stabbed-event-57652075|title=Brazilian candidate Jair Bolsonaro stabbed during event|last1=Savarese|first1=Mauricio|date=6 September 2018|work=ABC News|access-date=6 September 2018|last2=Prengaman|first2=Peter}}</ref><ref name="Londono18" /> Most of the other candidates in the presidential race (from both sides of the [[political spectrum]]), and the then Brazilian president, [[Michel Temer]], condemned the attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/noticia/2018/09/06/bolsonaro-leva-facada-veja-repercussao.ghtml|title=Bolsonaro leva facada em MG: veja repercussão|date=6 September 2018|work=G1.com|access-date=6 September 2018|language=pt}}</ref>


After the end of the elections, Bolsonaro decided to donate the rest of the money collected in the campaign, to the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital, where he got hospital treatment after the assassination attempt.
After the end of the elections, Bolsonaro decided to donate the rest of the money collected in the campaign, to the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital, where he got hospital treatment after the assassination attempt.
Line 192: Line 187:
=== Protests ===
=== Protests ===
[[File:EleNao Largo da Batata 12.jpg|thumb|right|#EleNão (Not him) protest in [[São Paulo]]]]
[[File:EleNao Largo da Batata 12.jpg|thumb|right|#EleNão (Not him) protest in [[São Paulo]]]]
Hundreds of thousands of women across Brazil staged protests on September 29, against Bolsonaro's candidacy. One protester told reporters "I'm part of a portion of society that is greatly affected by the types of things [Bolsonaro] says and thinks. This conservative wave, which has really always existed in Brazil, needs to come to an end."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-brazil-women-protests-20180929-story.html|title=Hundreds of thousands of women across Brazil march against far-right presidential candidate - Los Angeles Times|last=Langlois|first=Jill|website=latimes.com|access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref> Protesters in [[São Paulo]], [[Rio de Janeiro]] and [[Brasilia]] chanted "Ele Não (Not him!)" which has become a slogan to protest Bolsonaro, emphasizing that the groups aims are for the undecided voters to vote "for anyone else, but not him."<ref name=":0" /> Many protesters have expressed outrage over past statements by Bolsonaro that homosexuality was equated with paedophilia, and that he once told [[Maria do Rosário|Congresswoman Maria do Rosario]] that she wasn't worth raping, citing these events as reasons to protest his campaign.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45696677|title=Women rally against Brazil front-runner|date=2018-09-30|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-10-01|language=en-GB}}</ref>
Hundreds of thousands of women across Brazil staged protests on September 29, against Bolsonaro's candidacy. One protester told reporters "I'm part of a portion of society that is greatly affected by the types of things [Bolsonaro] says and thinks. This conservative wave, which has really always existed in Brazil, needs to come to an end."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-brazil-women-protests-20180929-story.html|title=Hundreds of thousands of women across Brazil march against far-right presidential candidate - Los Angeles Times|last=Langlois|first=Jill|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=29 September 2018|access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref> Protesters in [[São Paulo]], [[Rio de Janeiro]] and [[Brasília]] chanted "Ele Não (Not him!)" which has become a slogan to protest Bolsonaro, emphasizing that the groups aims are for the undecided voters to vote "for anyone else, but not him."<ref name=":0" /> Many protesters have expressed outrage over past statements by Bolsonaro that homosexuality was equated with paedophilia, and that he once told [[Maria do Rosário|Congresswoman Maria do Rosario]] that she wasn't worth raping, citing these events as reasons to protest his campaign.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45696677|title=Women rally against Brazil front-runner|date=2018-09-30|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref>


===Bolsomito===
===Bolsomito===
{{anchor|Bolsomito 2K18}}
{{anchor|Bolsomito 2K18}}
''Bolsomito 2K18'' (later renamed ''Bolsomito''), is a 2D [[beat 'em up]] video game by Brazilian developer BS Studios, released for [[Microsoft Windows]] in October 2018. The game reportedly promotes the ideology of Brazilian politician Jair Bolsonaro (who is also referred to as "Bolsomito"). The game and Bolsonaro's ideology have been criticized by the press for being racist, misogynistic and homophobic.<ref name="Eurogamer">{{cite news | title=Valve investigated by Brazilian government over game which incites violence against election candidates | last1=Kent | first1=Emma | url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2018-10-11-valve-under-investigation-by-brazilian-government-for-selling-game-inciting-violence-against-election-candidates | date=11 October 2018 | publisher=[[Eurogamer]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45791811 | title = Brazil election: Far-right Bolsonaro 'will not soften rhetoric' | date = 8 October 2018 | access-date = 12 October 2018 | work= [[BBC]] }}</ref> The game's availability on [[Steam (service)|Steam]] caused Brazil's [[Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil)|Public Ministry of Federal Districts and Territories]] to investigate BS Studios and [[Valve Corporation|Valve]] for potentially harming the 2018 general election<ref name="Eurogamer"/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/328535/Valve_under_investigation_by_Brazilian_government_over_violent_political_game.php | title = Valve under investigation by Brazilian government over violent political game | first = Emma | last = Kidwell | date = 12 October 2018 | access-date = 12 October 2018 | work = [[Gamasutra]] }}</ref>
''Bolsomito 2K18'' (later renamed ''Bolsomito''), is a 2D [[beat 'em up]] video game by Brazilian developer BS Studios, released for [[Microsoft Windows]] in October 2018. The game reportedly promotes the ideology of Brazilian politician Jair Bolsonaro (who is also referred to as "Bolsomito"). The game and Bolsonaro's ideology have been criticized by the press for being racist, misogynistic and homophobic.<ref name="Eurogamer">{{cite news | title=Valve investigated by Brazilian government over game which incites violence against election candidates | last1=Kent | first1=Emma | url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2018-10-11-valve-under-investigation-by-brazilian-government-for-selling-game-inciting-violence-against-election-candidates | date=11 October 2018 | publisher=[[Eurogamer]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-45791811 | title = Brazil election: Far-right Bolsonaro 'will not soften rhetoric' | date = 8 October 2018 | access-date = 12 October 2018 | work= [[BBC]] }}</ref> The game's availability on [[Steam (service)|Steam]] caused Brazil's [[Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil)|Public Ministry of Federal Districts and Territories]] to investigate BS Studios and [[Valve Corporation|Valve]] for potentially harming the 2018 general election.<ref name="Eurogamer"/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/328535/Valve_under_investigation_by_Brazilian_government_over_violent_political_game.php | title = Valve under investigation by Brazilian government over violent political game | first = Emma | last = Kidwell | date = 12 October 2018 | access-date = 12 October 2018 | work = [[Gamasutra]] }}</ref>


=== Rallies ===
=== Rallies ===
[[File:Protesto pró-Bolsonaro em Londres.jpg|thumb|Pro-Bolsonaro demonstration in [[London]]]]
[[File:Protesto pró-Bolsonaro em Londres.jpg|thumb|Pro-Bolsonaro demonstration in [[London]]]]
There were also rallies in support of the candidate in sixteen states.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/jornal-nacional/noticia/2018/09/29/manifestacoes-a-favor-de-bolsonaro-ocorrem-em-16-estados.ghtml|title=Manifestações a favor de Bolsonaro ocorrem em 16 estados|work=G1|access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref>
There were also rallies in support of the candidate in sixteen states.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/jornal-nacional/noticia/2018/09/29/manifestacoes-a-favor-de-bolsonaro-ocorrem-em-16-estados.ghtml|title=Manifestações a favor de Bolsonaro ocorrem em 16 estados|work=G1|access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref>
{{clearleft}}
{{clear left}}


== Election result ==
== Election result ==
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== Achievements ==
== Achievements ==
The campaign receipts were R$4.001.413,01 while the costs summed R$2.456.215,03.<ref name="divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br">{{Cite web|url=http://divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br/divulga/#/consulta/campanha/2018/2022802018/F/comparativo|title=Divulgação de Candidaturas e Contas Eleitorais|website=divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> Bolsonaro had the cheapest campaign among the main candidates.<ref name="divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br"/> The cost per vote was R$0,03 against R$0,73 of his opponent Haddad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2018-10/campanha-de-haddad-gasta-20-vezes-mais-do-que-de-bolsonaro|title=Campanha de Haddad gasta 20 vezes mais do que a de Bolsonaro|date=2018-10-29|website=Agência Brasil|language=pt-br|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> At the end, he tried to donate the remaining value to Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2018/11/09/jair-bolsonaro-entrega-prestacao-de-contas-de-campanha-ao-tse.ghtml|title=Jair Bolsonaro entrega prestação de contas de campanha ao TSE|website=G1|language=pt-br|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> but was not possible according to the election laws.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/10/30/interna_politica,716471/bolsonaro-nao-pode-doar-dinheiro-a-hospital-diretamente.shtml|title=Doação de Bolsonaro para hospital deve ser via partido, segundo lei|last=Braziliense|first=Correio|date=2018-10-30|website=Correio Braziliense|language=pt-BR|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> About R$1.300.000,00 was raised by people in social medias to thanks Santa Casa Hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.terra.com.br/vida-e-estilo/saude/eleitores-de-bolsonaro-doam-r-13-milhao-para-santa-casa-de-juiz-de-fora,7109fb425c0f8dacea44e70b330f4e1bbcyiezwb.html|title=Eleitores de Bolsonaro doam R$ 1,3 mi para Santa Casa|website=Terra|language=pt-BR|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref>
The campaign receipts were R$4.001.413,01 while the costs summed R$2.456.215,03.<ref name="divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br">{{Cite web|url=http://divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br/divulga/#/consulta/campanha/2018/2022802018/F/comparativo|title=Divulgação de Candidaturas e Contas Eleitorais|website=divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br|access-date=2019-07-24|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406100616/http://divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br/divulga/#/consulta/campanha/2018/2022802018/F/comparativo|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bolsonaro had the cheapest campaign among the main candidates.<ref name="divulgacandcontas.tse.jus.br"/> The cost per vote was R$0,03 against R$0,73 of his opponent Haddad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2018-10/campanha-de-haddad-gasta-20-vezes-mais-do-que-de-bolsonaro|title=Campanha de Haddad gasta 20 vezes mais do que a de Bolsonaro|date=2018-10-29|website=Agência Brasil|language=pt-br|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> At the end, he tried to donate the remaining value to Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2018/11/09/jair-bolsonaro-entrega-prestacao-de-contas-de-campanha-ao-tse.ghtml|title=Jair Bolsonaro entrega prestação de contas de campanha ao TSE|website=G1|language=pt-br|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> but was not possible according to the election laws.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/10/30/interna_politica,716471/bolsonaro-nao-pode-doar-dinheiro-a-hospital-diretamente.shtml|title=Doação de Bolsonaro para hospital deve ser via partido, segundo lei|date=2018-10-30|website=Correio Braziliense|language=pt-BR|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> About R$1.300.000,00 was raised by people in social medias to thanks Santa Casa Hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.terra.com.br/vida-e-estilo/saude/eleitores-de-bolsonaro-doam-r-13-milhao-para-santa-casa-de-juiz-de-fora,7109fb425c0f8dacea44e70b330f4e1bbcyiezwb.html|title=Eleitores de Bolsonaro doam R$ 1,3 mi para Santa Casa|website=Terra|language=pt-BR|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref>


== Party representation ==
== Party representation ==
Line 234: Line 229:
== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro]]
* [[Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro]]
* [[Jair Bolsonaro 2022 presidential campaign]]
* [[Controversies involving Jair Bolsonaro]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 239: Line 236:


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://www.bolsonaro.com.br/ Jair Bolsonaro (PSL, PRTB) para Presidente]
*[https://www.bolsonaro.com.br/ Jair Bolsonaro (PSL, PRTB) para Presidente] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031100817/https://www.bolsonaro.com.br/ |date=31 October 2018 }}
*[https://www.zippnoticias.com/ Jair Bolsonaro - ZippNoticias]
*[https://www.zippnoticias.com/ Jair Bolsonaro - ZippNoticias]


[[Category:2018 Brazilian general election]]
[[Category:2018 Brazilian general election]]
[[Category:Conservatism in Brazil]]
[[Category:Conservatism in Brazil]]
[[Category:Election campaigns]]
[[Category:2018 Brazilian presidential campaigns]]
[[Category:Jair Bolsonaro]]
[[Category:Jair Bolsonaro]]
[[Category:2018 presidential campaigns]]

Latest revision as of 13:43, 28 December 2024

Jair Bolsonaro 2018 presidential campaign
Campaigned for2018 Brazilian general election
CandidateJair Bolsonaro
Federal Deputy from Rio de Janeiro
(1991–2018)
Hamilton Mourão
Brazilian Army member
(1969–2018)
AffiliationSocial Liberal Party
Coalition partner
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party
StatusAnnounced: 3 March 2016
Presumptive nominee: 12 March 2018
Official nominee: 22 July 2018
Qualified for run-off: 7 October 2018
Won the election: 28 October 2018
Inaugurated: 1 January 2019
Key peoplePaulo Guedes
(Economic advisor)[1]
Gustavo Bebianno
(Legal advisor)[2]
ReceiptsBRL 4.150.097,17 [3]
SloganBrasil acima de tudo, Deus acima de todos
(Brazil above everything, God above everyone)[4][5]
Websitewww.bolsonaro.com.br
This article is part of
a series about
Jair Bolsonaro
  • Political career
  • Elections
  • Family
  • Related



Media gallery

The 2018 presidential campaign of Jair Bolsonaro was announced on 3 March 2016. Brazilian federal deputy and former military officer Jair Bolsonaro became the official nominee of the Social Liberal Party during their convention on 22 July 2018. The running mate decision came later on 8 August, when General Hamilton Mourão was chosen to compose the ticket with Bolsonaro. By choosing Mourão as running mate Bolsonaro secured a coalition with the Brazilian Labour Renewal Party.

Jair Bolsonaro was the first candidate for the presidency that was able to raise over $1 million reais in donations from the public during the 2018 campaign. In the first 59 days, he amassed an average of $17,000 reais per day in donations.[6]

Bolsonaro was stabbed on 6 September while he was campaigning in Juiz de Fora. He recovered, and was the leading candidate in the first round on 7 October, with 46% of the vote. On 28 October, Bolsonaro won the general election with 55.13% of the popular vote.

Presidential ticket

[edit]
Social Liberal Party ticket
Jair Bolsonaro Hamilton Mourão
for President for Vice President
Federal Deputy from Rio de Janeiro
(1991–2019) 		Brazilian Army General
(1969–2018)

Running mate selection process

[edit]

Numerous politicians were mentioned as potential vice presidential running mates for Bolsonaro. In addition to General Hamilton Mourão, who was eventually chosen, figures mentioned as possible running mates for Bolsonaro included:

Primary elections

[edit]

The National Executive Committee of Social Liberal Party, and the National Executive Committee of the Brazilian Labour Renewal Party, elected the candidate for office of vice-president and the National Directory of PSL, elected the candidate to President of republic. Karina Rodrigues Fidelix da Cruz (PRTB), appointed by PRTB, and Gulliem Charles Bezerra Lemos (PSL), appointed by PSL, were the delegates of the coalition. Gustavo Bebiano Rocha was the representative of the slate for the Supreme Electoral Court. Janaína Paschoal refused to be the vice-president candidate together Bolsonaro.[citation needed]

Office Date Candidate Number of Votes % Notes
PSL primaries
President July 22 Jair Bolsonaro 96[13] 100%
Vice-president August 4 Luiz Philippe of Orléans-Braganza 11[14] 100% Aborted result
PRTB primaries
Vice-president August 5 Hamilton Mourão 26[15] 100%

Campaign background

[edit]

Before his campaign, Bolsonaro desired that the senator Magno Malta (from the Party of Republic) or Augusto Heleno,(from the Progressive Republican Party) become the vice-president in his slate,[10] but their parties did not allow the two of them to compete together.

During his campaign, Bolsonaro has praised the two-decade (1964-1985) military dictatorship in Brazil and has praised foreign autocrats such as Alberto Fujimori of Peru and Augusto Pinochet of Chile.[16] Bolsonaro has promised to give police permission to shoot first and ask questions later.[17] His platform also promotes liberalizing gun laws and repressive tactics against urban criminality and drug trafficking, along with the advocation of rolling back affirmative action for black-Brazilians and reversing legislation which increases sentences for murdering women because of their gender (femicide).[18]

Despite earlier calls for massive policy shifts in environmentalism, Bolsonaro backed away from calls to pull Brazil out of the Paris Agreements, and the elimination of Brazil's Environmental Ministry. However he told international non-profit groups such as the World Wildlife Fund, that he would not allow their agendas in Brazil, strongly protested against lands reserved for indigenous tribes, and plans to expand nuclear and hydroelectric power into the Amazon.[19]

Some supporters of Bolsonaro have compared him to US President Donald Trump, and believe that he, like Trump, will bring the radical change that they feel is needed in response to the "lawlessness" of Brazil, with many nicknaming Bolsonaro "the legend."[20] Steve Bannon (chief executive officer of Trump's 2016 presidential bid) has advised Bolsonaro's campaign.[21]

Social media

[edit]

Social media is believed[by whom?] to have made a large impact on Bolsonaro's campaign and at the time of the election he had over 4.3 million followers and many support pages on Facebook along with over 400 thousand followers on Instagram, making him one of the candidates with the largest support on social media.[citation needed] He made daily posts related to army topics and aimed at the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) and also interacted with many supporters through posts, replies, and groups on WhatsApp.[22] During the election Bolsonaro faced allegations that some of his important financial supporters illegally used WhatsApp as means to spread fake news about his opponent Haddad, prompting the company to ban thousands of active accounts during the election period.[23] His supporters have been credited as being extremely active on social media and disseminate most content throughout WhatsApp as almost 93% of them claim to have accounts where almost 43% are politically active in the App.[24]

Voter Demographic

[edit]

Bolsonaro's supporters were primarily aged between 16 and 34 years old at about 60% of his voters, almost 30% of which were 24 years old or younger.[25]

Endorsements

[edit]
Click "show" to view the list

Polls

[edit]

As of late September, Bolsonaro led the polls with 28% of polled voters, with an Ibope poll (22-24 September) stating that 36% of men surveyed said they would vote for him, while only 18% of women backing his policies.[17] A Datafolha poll released on 10 September showed that Bolsonaro was rejected by 49% of female voters, but supported by 17%.[18] In the first round of elections on 7 October, Bolsonaro received 46.03% of the vote, the most of any candidate.[78]

The day before the election, polls gave Bolsonaro an 8-10% advantage over Fernando Haddad.[16]

Attack during campaign event

[edit]
Main article: Attempted assassination of Jair Bolsonaro
Bolsonaro being stabbed at a Juiz de Fora rally

Bolsonaro was stabbed on 6 September 2018 while campaigning and interacting with supporters in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais.[79] Bolsonaro's son, Flávio, has stated that his father's wounds were only superficial and he was recovering in hospital.[80] Police arrested and identified the attacker as Adelio Bispo de Oliveira, who claimed that he was "ordered by God to carry out the attack".[81] Flávio Bolsonaro later stated that the wounds inflicted seem worse than initially thought. He tweeted about his father's condition, explaining that the perforation reached part of the liver, the lung and part of the intestine. He also stated that Bolsonaro had lost a large amount of blood, arriving at the hospital with a pressure of 10/3, but had since stabilized.[82][83][79] Most of the other candidates in the presidential race (from both sides of the political spectrum), and the then Brazilian president, Michel Temer, condemned the attack.[84]

After the end of the elections, Bolsonaro decided to donate the rest of the money collected in the campaign, to the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital, where he got hospital treatment after the assassination attempt.

Protests and rallies

[edit]

Protests

[edit]
#EleNão (Not him) protest in São Paulo

Hundreds of thousands of women across Brazil staged protests on September 29, against Bolsonaro's candidacy. One protester told reporters "I'm part of a portion of society that is greatly affected by the types of things [Bolsonaro] says and thinks. This conservative wave, which has really always existed in Brazil, needs to come to an end."[85] Protesters in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Brasília chanted "Ele Não (Not him!)" which has become a slogan to protest Bolsonaro, emphasizing that the groups aims are for the undecided voters to vote "for anyone else, but not him."[17] Many protesters have expressed outrage over past statements by Bolsonaro that homosexuality was equated with paedophilia, and that he once told Congresswoman Maria do Rosario that she wasn't worth raping, citing these events as reasons to protest his campaign.[86]

Bolsomito

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Bolsomito 2K18 (later renamed Bolsomito), is a 2D beat 'em up video game by Brazilian developer BS Studios, released for Microsoft Windows in October 2018. The game reportedly promotes the ideology of Brazilian politician Jair Bolsonaro (who is also referred to as "Bolsomito"). The game and Bolsonaro's ideology have been criticized by the press for being racist, misogynistic and homophobic.[87][88] The game's availability on Steam caused Brazil's Public Ministry of Federal Districts and Territories to investigate BS Studios and Valve for potentially harming the 2018 general election.[87][89]

Rallies

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Pro-Bolsonaro demonstration in London

There were also rallies in support of the candidate in sixteen states.[90]

Election result

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Presidential elections

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Election year Candidate First round Second round
# of overall votes % of overall vote # of overall votes % of overall vote
2018 Jair Bolsonaro 49,276,990 46.0 #1 57,774,302 55.15 #1

Achievements

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The campaign receipts were R$4.001.413,01 while the costs summed R$2.456.215,03.[91] Bolsonaro had the cheapest campaign among the main candidates.[91] The cost per vote was R$0,03 against R$0,73 of his opponent Haddad.[92] At the end, he tried to donate the remaining value to Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital[93] but was not possible according to the election laws.[94] About R$1.300.000,00 was raised by people in social medias to thanks Santa Casa Hospital.[95]

Party representation

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See also

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References

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