William II of Württemberg: Difference between revisions

Names
	German: Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich

William II
William II
	King William in 1892
King of Württemberg
Reign	6 October 1891 – 30 November 1918
Predecessor	Charles I
Successor	Monarchy abolished
Born	25 February 1848; Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg
Died	2 October 1921 (aged 73); Bebenhausen, Württemberg, Weimar Republic
Spouse	; Marie of Waldeck and Pyrmont (m. 1877; died 1882) ; Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe (m. 1886)
Issue	Pauline, Princess of Wied; Prince Ulrich
Names
Names
	German: Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich
House	Württemberg
Father	Prince Frederick of Württemberg
Mother	Princess Catherine of Württemberg
Religion	Lutheran

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William II (German: Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich; 25 February 1848 – 2 October 1921) was the last King of Württemberg. He ruled from 6 October 1891 until the dissolution of the kingdom on 30 November 1918. He was the last German ruler to abdicate in the wake of the November Revolution of 1918.

Early years

William was born the son of Prince Frederick of Württemberg (1808–1870) by his wife Princess Catherine Frederica of Württemberg (1821–1898), herself the daughter of King William I of Württemberg (1781–1864). His parents were first cousins, being the children of two brothers, and William was their only child.

William's growing years coincided with a progressive diminution of Württemberg's sovereignty and international presence, concomitant with the process of German unification. In 1870, Württemberg took the side of Prussia in the Franco-German War. In 1871, Württemberg became a state of the German Empire, a significant limitation on its sovereignty.

King of Württemberg

William's father died in 1870, but his mother lived to see him seated on the throne of Württemberg. In 1891, William succeeded his childless maternal uncle, King Charles I (1823–1891) and became King of Württemberg. This was not, as it may seem, a departure from the Salic law which governed succession in the German states; his claim to the throne came because he was the nearest agnatic heir of his uncle, as the senior male-line descendant of Frederick I of Württemberg through his younger son Prince Paul.

King William became a Generalfeldmarschall during World War I. In 1918, he was deposed from the throne along with the other German rulers. King William finally abdicated on 30 November 1918,^[1] ending over 800 years of the House of Württemberg rule. He died in 1921 at Bebenhausen.

Personality and interests

Considered to be a popular monarch, William had the habit of walking his two dogs in public parks in Stuttgart without being attended by bodyguards or the like. During these excursions, he would often be greeted by his subjects with a simple Herr König ("Mister King").

Despite living in a landlocked kingdom, William II was a yachting enthusiast. The king was instrumental in the establishment of the Württembergischer Yacht Club (formerly "Königlich Württembergischer Yacht-Club" or Royal Yacht Club of Württemberg) in 1911 on Lake Constance.

Marriages and children

On 15 February 1877 at Arolsen he married Princess Marie of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1857–1882). They had three children:

Princess Pauline of Württemberg (19 December 1877 – 7 May 1965); married in 1898 William Frederick, Prince of Wied (1872–1945), and had issue.
Prince Ulrich of Württemberg (28 July 1880 – 28 December 1880), died in infancy
A stillborn daughter (24 April 1882)

Marie died on 30 April 1882 in Stuttgart, from complications resulting from the birth of their third child. William, already depressed by the death of his only son, is said never to have recovered from this blow.

Nevertheless, he was King and it was his duty to secure the succession. On 8 April 1886, at Bückeburg, he married Princess Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe (1864–1946). They had no children.

Succession

On William II's death in 1921 without male issue, the royal branch of the House of Württemberg became extinct, and the headship of the house devolved to Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg, head of the Catholic cadet branch of the dynasty, based at Altshausen. Albrecht was a descendant of Alexander of Württemberg, the 7th son of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg (1732–1797).

Honours

German awards^[2]

Württemberg:^[3]
- Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1862
- Grand Cross of the Friedrich Order
- Knight of the Military Merit Order, 18 August 1866;^[4] Commander, 7 November 1886
Anhalt: Grand Cross of the Order of Albert the Bear, 1889^[5]
Baden: Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1876^[6]
Bavaria:
- Knight of St. Hubert, 1877^[7]
- Grand Cross of the Military Order of Max Joseph
Brunswick: Grand Cross of the Order of Henry the Lion, 1899^[8]
Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 1874^[9]
Hesse and by Rhine: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 24 March 1893^[10]
Lippe:
- Cross of Honour of the House Order of Lippe, 1st Class
- Military Merit Medal (Schaumburg-Lippe)
Mecklenburg: Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore
Nassau Ducal Family: Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau
Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown, 13 February 1877^[11]
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1892^[12]
Saxony:
- Knight of the Rue Crown, 1886^[13]
- Grand Cross of the Military Order of St. Henry
Prussia:
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 1 June 1870; with Collar, 1872^[14]
- Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, 11 June 1879^[14]
- Knight of Honour of the Johanniter Order, 28 July 1885^[14]
- Pour le Mérite (military)
- Iron Cross, 2nd Class
Hohenzollern: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class

Foreign awards^[2]

Austria-Hungary:
- Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen, 1886^[15]
- Military Merit Cross, 1st Class
Kingdom of Italy: Knight of the Annunciation, 25 September 1893^[16]
Empire of Japan: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum, 23 May 1896^[17]
Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion
Russian Empire:
- Knight of St. Andrew
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
- Knight of the White Eagle
- Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class
- Knight of St. Stanislaus, 1st Class
- Knight of St. George, 4th Class
Spain: Knight of the Golden Fleece, 3 May 1892^[18]
Sweden: Knight of the Seraphim, 9 July 1913^[19]
United Kingdom: Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter, 23 February 1904^[20] (expelled in 1915)

Arms

Royal Monogram of King Wilhelm II of Württemberg	Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Württemberg, 1817	Royal Monogram of King Wilhelm II of Württemberg, Variant	Coat of Arms of King Wilhelm II as a Knight of the Golden Fleece

Ancestry

Ancestors of William II of Württemberg

8. Frederick I of Württemberg

4. Prince Paul of Württemberg

9. Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

2. Prince Frederick of Württemberg

10. Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg

5. Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghausen

11. Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

1. William II of Württemberg

12. Frederick I of Württemberg (= 8)

6. William I of Württemberg

13. Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (= 9)

3. Princess Catherine of Württemberg

14. Duke Louis of Württemberg

7. Duchess Pauline Therese of Württemberg

15. Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg

References

^ Abdication text (in German)
^ ^a ^b Staatshandbuch für Württemberg. 1889. p. 283.
^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1889), "Königliche Orden" pp. 26, 56, 60
^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1886/7) "Königliche Orden" p. 52
^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für des Herzogtum Anhalt (1894), "Herzoglicher Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17
^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 39
^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 7
^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für 1905. Braunschweig 1905. Meyer. p. 11
^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1884), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 32
^ "Ludewigs-orden", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, p. 5 – via hathitrust.org
^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg0: 1879. Schulze. 1879. p. 34.
^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach Archived 2020-09-06 at the Wayback Machine (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
^ Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 4 – via hathitrust.org.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), 1, Berlin: 7, 935, 1052, 1886 – via hathitrust.org
^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
^ Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1898). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 54.
^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 149.
^ "Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1895, p. 166, retrieved 21 March 2019
^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1915, p. 671, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org
^ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 72

External links

Newspaper clippings about William II of Württemberg in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

Regnal titles
William II of Württemberg House of Württemberg Born: 25 February 1848 Died: 2 October 1921
Preceded by Charles I	King of Württemberg 1891–1918	Monarchy abolished German Revolution
Titles in pretence
Loss of title Republic declared	— TITULAR — King of Württemberg 1918–1921 Reason for succession failure: Kingdom abolished in 1918	Succeeded by Duke Albrecht

[1] Abdication text (in German)

[Handbuch2-2] Staatshandbuch für Württemberg. 1889. p. 283.

[3] Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1889), "Königliche Orden" pp. 26, 56, 60

[4] Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1886/7) "Königliche Orden" p. 52

[5] Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für des Herzogtum Anhalt (1894), "Herzoglicher Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17

[6] Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 39

[7] Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 7

[8] Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für 1905. Braunschweig 1905. Meyer. p. 11

[9] Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1884), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 32

[hesse-10] "Ludewigs-orden", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, p. 5 – via hathitrust.org

[11] Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg0: 1879. Schulze. 1879. p. 34.

[12] Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach Archived 2020-09-06 at the Wayback Machine (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16

[Sachsen1901-13] Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 4 – via hathitrust.org.

[prus-14] "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), 1, Berlin: 7, 935, 1052, 1886 – via hathitrust.org

[15] "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine

[dell'interno1898-16] Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1898). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 54.

[17] 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 149.

[18] "Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1895, p. 166, retrieved 21 March 2019

[19] Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1915, p. 671, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org

[p72-20] Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 72

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Expand German|Wilhelm II. (Württemberg)|date=July 2012}}
+{{Short description|Last King of Württemberg from 1891 to 1918}}
+{{Expand German|topic=bio|Wilhelm II. (Württemberg)|date=July 2012}}
 {{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
 {{Infobox royalty
 | name        = William II
-| succession  = [[List of rulers of Württemberg|King of Württemberg]]
+| succession  = [[King of Württemberg]]
 | image       = File:Andersen & Klemm - Wilhelm II. von Württemberg (1892 RB25-21).jpg
+| caption     = King William in 1892
 | reign       = 6 October 1891 – 30 November 1918
 | predecessor = [[Charles I of Württemberg|Charles I]]
-| successor   = Monarchy abolished
+| successor   = ''Monarchy abolished''
-| full name   = Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich
+| full name   = {{langx|de|Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich}}
+| spouse      = {{plainlist|
-| spouse      = [[Princess Marie of Waldeck and Pyrmont|Marie of Waldeck and Pyrmont]]<br>[[Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe]]
+* {{marriage|[[Marie of Waldeck and Pyrmont]]|1877|1882|end=d}}
+* {{marriage|[[Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe]]|1886}}
+}}
 | issue       = [[Princess Pauline of Württemberg (1877–1965)|Pauline, Princess of Wied]]<br>Prince Ulrich
 | house       = [[House of Württemberg|Württemberg]]
@@ Line 18: / Line 23: @@
 | death_date  = {{Death date and age|1921|10|2|1848|2|25|df=y}}
 | death_place = [[Bebenhausen]], [[Free People's State of Württemberg|Württemberg]], [[Weimar Republic]]
-| religion    =[[Lutheran]]
+| religion    = [[Lutheran]]
 }}
-'''William II''' ({{lang-de|Wilhelm II.}}; 25 February 1848 – 2 October 1921) was the last [[King of Württemberg]]. He ruled from 6 October 1891 until the dissolution of the kingdom on 30 November 1918. He was also the last German ruler to abdicate in the wake of the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919|November Revolution]] of 1918.
+'''William II''' ({{langx|de|Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich}}; 25 February 1848 – 2 October 1921) was the last [[King of Württemberg]]. He ruled from 6 October 1891 until the dissolution of the kingdom on 30 November 1918. He was the last German ruler to abdicate in the wake of the [[November Revolution of 1918]].
 ==Early years==
 William was born the son of [[Prince Frederick of Württemberg]] (1808–1870) by his wife Princess [[Catherine Frederica of Württemberg]] (1821–1898), herself the daughter of King [[William I of Württemberg]] (1781–1864). His parents were first cousins, being the children of two brothers, and William was their only child.
-William's growing years coincided with a progressive dimininution of Württemberg's sovereignty and international presence, concomitant with the process of [[German unification]]. In 1870, Württemberg took the side of [[Prussia]] in the [[Franco-German War]]. In 1871, [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]] became a state of the German Reich, a significant limitation on its sovereignty.
+William's growing years coincided with a progressive diminution of Württemberg's sovereignty and international presence, concomitant with the process of [[German unification]]. In 1870, Württemberg took the side of [[Prussia]] in the [[Franco-German War]]. In 1871, [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]] became a state of the [[German Empire]], a significant limitation on its sovereignty.
 ==King of Württemberg==
 [[File:5 mark Wilhelm II - 1900.png|thumb|250px|[[Silver coin]]: 5 marks [[German Empire]], Wilhelm II, 1900]]
-William's father died in 1870, but his mother lived to see him seated on the throne of [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]]. In 1891, William succeeded his childless maternal uncle, [[Charles I of Württemberg|King Charles I]] (1823–1891) and became King of Württemberg. This was not, as it may seem, a departure from the [[Salic law]] which governed succession in the German states; his claim to the throne came because he was the nearest [[agnatic]] heir of his maternal uncle, as the senior male-line descendant of [[Frederick I of Württemberg]] through ''his'' younger son [[Prince Paul of Württemberg|Prince Paul]].
+William's father died in 1870, but his mother lived to see him seated on the throne of [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]]. In 1891, William succeeded his childless maternal uncle, [[Charles I of Württemberg|King Charles I]] (1823–1891) and became King of Württemberg. This was not, as it may seem, a departure from the [[Salic law]] which governed succession in the German states; his claim to the throne came because he was the nearest [[agnatic]] heir of his uncle, as the senior male-line descendant of [[Frederick I of Württemberg]] through his younger son [[Prince Paul of Württemberg|Prince Paul]].
-King William became a [[Generalfeldmarschall]] during [[World War I]]. In 1918, he was deposed from the throne along with the other German rulers. King William finally abdicated on 30 November 1918,<ref>[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/HGWurttemberg.htm#1918 Abdication text (in German)]</ref> ending over 800 years of Württemberg rule. He died in 1921 at [[Bebenhausen]].
+King William became a ''[[Generalfeldmarschall]]'' during [[World War I]]. In 1918, he was deposed from the throne along with the other German rulers. King William finally abdicated on 30 November 1918,<ref>[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/HGWurttemberg.htm#1918 Abdication text (in German)]</ref> ending over 800 years of the [[House of Württemberg]] rule. He died in 1921 at [[Bebenhausen]].
 ==Personality and interests==
@@ Line 49: / Line 54: @@
 ==Succession==
-On William II's death in 1921 without male issue, the royal branch of the [[House of Württemberg]] became extinct, and the headship of the house devolved to [[Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg]], head of the Roman Catholic [[cadet branch]] of the [[House of Württemberg|dynasty]], based at [[Altshausen]].
+On William II's death in 1921 without male issue, the royal branch of the [[House of Württemberg]] became extinct, and the headship of the house devolved to [[Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg]], head of the Catholic [[cadet branch]] of the [[House of Württemberg|dynasty]], based at [[Altshausen]]. Albrecht was a descendant of [[Duke Alexander of Württemberg (1771–1833)|Alexander of Württemberg]], the 7th son of [[Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg]] (1732–1797).
 ==Honours==
-;German awards<ref name="Handbuch2">{{cite book|title=Staatshandbuch für Württemberg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cxCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1|year=1889|page=[https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6cxCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA283 283]}}</ref>
+;German awards<ref name="Handbuch2">{{cite book|title=Staatshandbuch für Württemberg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cxCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1|year=1889|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6cxCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA283 283]}}</ref>
 {{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
-* {{flagcountry|Württemberg}}:<ref>''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg'' (1889), "Königliche Orden" pp. [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6cxCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA26 26], [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6cxCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA56 56], [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=6cxCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA60 60]</ref>
+* {{flagcountry|Württemberg}}:<ref>''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg'' (1889), "Königliche Orden" pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=6cxCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA26 26], [https://books.google.com/books?id=6cxCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA56 56], [https://books.google.com/books?id=6cxCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA60 60]</ref>
 ** [[Order of the Crown (Württemberg)|Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown]], ''1862''
 ** Grand Cross of the [[Friedrich Order]]
 ** Knight of the [[Military Merit Order (Württemberg)|Military Merit Order]], ''18 August 1866'';<ref>''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg'' (1886/7) "Königliche Orden" p. [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_cc1CAAAAYAAJ/page/n95/mode/2up 52]</ref> Commander, ''7 November 1886''
-* {{flag|Anhalt}}: [[Order of Albert the Bear|Grand Cross of Albert the Bear]], ''1889''<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LR03AAAAYAAJ/page/n33 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für des Herzogtum Anhalt]'' (1894), "Herzoglicher Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17</ref>
+* {{flag|Anhalt}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Albert the Bear]], ''1889''<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LR03AAAAYAAJ/page/n33 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für des Herzogtum Anhalt]'' (1894), "Herzoglicher Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17</ref>
 * {{Flag|Baden}}: Knight of the [[House Order of Fidelity]], ''1876''<ref>''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden'' (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden" [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/1881287 p. 39]</ref>
 * {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Bavaria}}:
 ** [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]], ''1877''<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nTedipoxoGcC/page/n37 Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern]'' (1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 7</ref>
 ** Grand Cross of the [[Military Order of Max Joseph]]
-* {{flag|Brunswick}}: [[Order of Henry the Lion|Grand Cross of Henry the Lion]], ''1899''<ref>''Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für 1905''. Braunschweig 1905. Meyer. p. 11</ref>
+* {{flag|Brunswick}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Henry the Lion]], ''1899''<ref>''Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für 1905''. Braunschweig 1905. Meyer. p. 11</ref>
 * {{flagicon|Saxe-Coburg and Gotha}} {{flagicon|Saxe-Altenburg}} {{flagicon|Saxe-Meiningen}} [[Ernestine duchies]]: Grand Cross of the [[Saxe-Ernestine House Order]], ''1874''<ref>''[https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00244601/Sachsen_Coburg_Gotha_497472023_497472813_1884_8_0074.tif?logicalDiv=jportal_jparticle_00483785 Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha]'' (1884), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 32</ref>
+* {{flagicon image|Flagge_Großherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg}} [[Hesse and by Rhine]]: Grand Cross of the [[Ludwig Order]], ''24 March 1893''<ref name="hesse">{{citation|title=Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste|chapter=Ludewigs-orden|page=5|lang=German|location=Darmstadt|year=1914|publisher=Staatsverlag|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref>
 * {{flagicon image|Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg}} {{flagicon|Schaumburg-Lippe}} [[House of Lippe|Lippe]]:
 ** Cross of Honour of the House Order of Lippe, 1st Class
 ** Military Merit Medal (Schaumburg-Lippe)
-* {{Flagicon image|Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg}} [[Mecklenburg]]: [[House Order of the Wendish Crown|Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown]], with Crown in Gold
+* {{Flagicon image|Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg}} [[Mecklenburg]]: [[House Order of the Wendish Crown|Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown]], with Crown in Ore
 * {{flagicon|Nassau}} [[House of Nassau-Weilburg|Nassau Ducal Family]]: [[Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau|Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau]]
 * {{flag|Oldenburg}}: [[House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis|Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig]], with Golden Crown, ''13 February 1877''<ref>{{cite book|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg0: 1879|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AD6sPIakAuMC&pg=PR1|year=1879|publisher=Schulze|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=AD6sPIakAuMC&pg=PA34 34]}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}}: [[Order of the White Falcon|Grand Cross of the White Falcon]], ''1892''<ref>''[https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0245.tif Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach]'' (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16</ref>
+* {{flag|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}}: [[Order of the White Falcon|Grand Cross of the White Falcon]], ''1892''<ref>''[https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0245.tif Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150133/https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0245.tif |date=2020-09-06 }}'' (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16</ref>
 * {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Saxony}}:
+** [[Order of the Rue Crown|Knight of the Rue Crown]], ''1886''<ref name="Sachsen1901">{{cite book|author=Sachsen|title=Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901|year=1901|publisher=Heinrich|chapter=Königlich Orden|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030492006&view=1up&seq=44&skin=2021 4]|location=Dresden|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref>
-** [[Order of the Rue Crown|Knight of the Rue Crown]]
 ** Grand Cross of the [[Military Order of St. Henry]]
 * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg}} [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]:
+** [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle]], ''1 June 1870''; with Collar, ''1872''<ref name="prus">{{citation|title=Königlich Preussische Ordensliste|journal=Preussische Ordens-Liste|volume=1|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=5&skin=2021|pages=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=15&skin=2021 7], [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=1007&skin=2021 935], [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878831&view=1up&seq=1124&skin=2021 1052]|lang=German|location=Berlin|year=1886|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref>
-** [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle]], with Collar
-** Grand Commander of the Royal [[House Order of Hohenzollern]]
+** Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal [[House Order of Hohenzollern]], ''11 June 1879''<ref name="prus"/>
-** Knight of Honour of the [[Johanniter Order]]
+** Knight of Honour of the [[Johanniter Order]], ''28 July 1885''<ref name="prus"/>
 ** [[Pour le Mérite]] (military)
 ** [[Iron Cross]], 2nd Class
@@ Line 85: / Line 91: @@
 ;Foreign awards<ref name="Handbuch2"/>
+* {{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} {{flagicon|Kingdom of Hungary|1885}} [[Austria-Hungary]]:
-* {{flagcountry|Austria-Hungary}}:
-** [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Grand Cross of St. Stephen]], ''1886''<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
+** Grand Cross of the [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen]], ''1886''<ref>[http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm "A Szent István Rend tagjai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
 ** [[Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Cross]], 1st Class
-* {{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}: [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''25 September 1893''<ref name="dell'interno1898">{{cite book|author=Italia : Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PP5|year=1898|publisher=Unione tipografico-editrice|page=[https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PA54 54]}}</ref>
+* {{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}: [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''25 September 1893''<ref name="dell'interno1898">{{cite book|author=Italia : Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PP5|year=1898|publisher=Unione tipografico-editrice|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PA54 54]}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Empire of Japan}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]], ''23 May 1896''<ref>{{cite book|author=刑部芳則|title=明治時代の勲章外交儀礼|url=http://meijiseitoku.org/pdf/f54-5.pdf|year=2017|publisher=明治聖徳記念学会紀要|language=ja|page=149}}</ref>
 * {{flag|Netherlands}}: [[Order of the Netherlands Lion|Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion]]
@@ Line 99: / Line 105: @@
 ** [[Order of St. George|Knight of St. George]], 4th Class
 * {{flagcountry|Restoration (Spain)}}: [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Knight of the Golden Fleece]], ''3 May 1892''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000963792&search=&lang=es|chapter=Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1895|access-date=21 March 2019|page=166|language=es}}</ref>
-* {{flag|Sweden}}: [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim]], ''9 July 1913''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1915|page=671|url=http://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0671.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>
+* {{flag|Sweden}}: [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim]], ''9 July 1913''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1915|page=671|url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0671.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>
-* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: [[Order of the Garter|Stranger Knight of the Garter]], ''23 February 1904''<ref name=p72>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n161/mode/2up p. 72]</ref>
+* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: [[Order of the Garter|Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter]], ''23 February 1904''<ref name=p72>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n161/mode/2up p. 72]</ref> (expelled in 1915)
 === Arms ===
@@ Line 107: / Line 113: @@
 | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Württemberg 1817-1921.svg|245px]]<br>Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Württemberg, 1817
 | [[File:Royal Monogram of King Wilhelm II of Wurttemberg, Variant.svg|195px]]<br>Royal Monogram of King Wilhelm II of Württemberg, Variant
+| [[File:Coat of Arms of Charles I and William II of Württemberg (Order of the Golden Fleece).svg|180px]]<br>Coat of Arms of King Wilhelm II as a Knight of the Golden Fleece
 |}
@@ Line 149: / Line 156: @@
 |-
 {{S-bef|before=[[Charles I of Württemberg|Charles I]]}}
-{{S-ttl|title=[[List of rulers of Württemberg|King of Württemberg]]|years=1891–1918}}
+{{S-ttl|title=[[King of Württemberg]]|years=1891–1918}}
 {{S-non|reason=Monarchy abolished|reason2=[[German Revolution of 1918–19|German Revolution]]}}
 {{S-pre|}}
 {{S-new|loss|reason=[[Weimar Republic|Republic declared]]}}
-{{S-tul|title=[[List of rulers of Württemberg|King of Württemberg]]|years=1918–1921|reason=[[German Revolution of 1918–19|Kingdom abolished in 1918]]}}
+{{S-tul|title=[[King of Württemberg]]|years=1918–1921|reason=[[German Revolution of 1918–19|Kingdom abolished in 1918]]}}
 {{S-aft|after=[[Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg|Duke Albrecht]]}}
 {{s-end}}
+{{Final hereditary rulers in the German Empire}}
 {{Princes of Württemberg}}
 {{Pretenders to the Württemberg throne since 1918}}
@@ Line 169: / Line 177: @@
 [[Category:Field marshals of the German Empire]]
 [[Category:Kings of Württemberg]]
-[[Category:Protestant monarchs]]
+[[Category:19th-century German landowners]]
 [[Category:Members of the Württembergian Chamber of Lords]]
 [[Category:Monarchs who abdicated]]
@@ Line 185: / Line 193: @@
 [[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree]]
 [[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross, 2nd class]]
+[[Category:Pretenders to the throne of Württemberg]]
+[[Category:20th-century German landowners]]

v t e Final hereditary rulers of the states of the German Empire
Emperor	Wilhelm II
Kings	Wilhelm II of Prussia Ludwig III of Bavaria Friedrich August III of Saxony Wilhelm II of Württemberg
Grand dukes	Friedrich II of Baden Ernst Ludwig of Hesse Friedrich Franz IV of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Adolf Friedrich VI of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Friedrich August II of Oldenburg William Ernest of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Dukes	Joachim Ernst of Anhalt Ernst August of Brunswick Ernst II of Saxe-Altenburg Karl Eduard of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Bernhard III of Saxe-Meiningen
Principalities	Leopold IV of Lippe Heinrich XXVII of Reuss-Gera Heinrich XXIV of Reuss-Greiz Adolf II of Schaumburg-Lippe Günther Victor of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt-Sondershausen Friedrich of Waldeck and Pyrmont

v t e Princes of Württemberg
The generations are numbered from the ascension of Frederick I as King of Württemberg in 1805.
1st Generation	William I Prince Paul
2nd Generation	Charles I Prince Frederick Prince August
3rd Generation	William II

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	Germany United States Czech Republic Netherlands
Artists	FID
People	Deutsche Biographie DDB