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{{Short description|Last King of Württemberg from 1891 to 1918}}
{{Short description|Last King of Württemberg from 1891 to 1918}}
{{Expand German|Wilhelm II. (Württemberg)|date=July 2012}}
{{Expand German|topic=bio|Wilhelm II. (Württemberg)|date=July 2012}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
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| predecessor = [[Charles I of Württemberg|Charles I]]
| predecessor = [[Charles I of Württemberg|Charles I]]
| successor = ''Monarchy abolished''
| successor = ''Monarchy abolished''
| full name = {{lang-de|Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich}}
| full name = {{langx|de|Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Marie of Waldeck and Pyrmont]]|1877|1882|end=d}}
* {{marriage|[[Marie of Waldeck and Pyrmont]]|1877|1882|end=d}}
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| religion = [[Lutheran]]
| religion = [[Lutheran]]
}}
}}
'''William II''' ({{lang-de|Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich}}; 25 February 1848 – 2 October 1921) was the last [[King of Württemberg]]. He ruled from 6 October 1891 until the dissolution of the kingdom on 30 November 1918. He was the last German ruler to abdicate in the wake of the [[November Revolution of 1918]].
'''William II''' ({{langx|de|Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich}}; 25 February 1848 – 2 October 1921) was the last [[King of Württemberg]]. He ruled from 6 October 1891 until the dissolution of the kingdom on 30 November 1918. He was the last German ruler to abdicate in the wake of the [[November Revolution of 1918]].


==Early years==
==Early years==
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==King of Württemberg==
==King of Württemberg==
[[File:5 mark Wilhelm II - 1900.png|thumb|250px|[[Silver coin]]: 5 marks [[German Empire]], Wilhelm II, 1900]]
[[File:5 mark Wilhelm II - 1900.png|thumb|250px|[[Silver coin]]: 5 marks [[German Empire]], Wilhelm II, 1900]]
William's father died in 1870, but his mother lived to see him seated on the throne of [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]]. In 1891, William succeeded his childless maternal uncle, [[Charles I of Württemberg|King Charles I]] (1823–1891) and became King of Württemberg. This was not, as it may seem, a departure from the [[Salic law]] which governed succession in the German states; his claim to the throne came because he was the nearest [[agnatic]] heir of his maternal uncle, as the senior male-line descendant of [[Frederick I of Württemberg]] through ''his'' younger son [[Prince Paul of Württemberg|Prince Paul]].
William's father died in 1870, but his mother lived to see him seated on the throne of [[Kingdom of Württemberg|Württemberg]]. In 1891, William succeeded his childless maternal uncle, [[Charles I of Württemberg|King Charles I]] (1823–1891) and became King of Württemberg. This was not, as it may seem, a departure from the [[Salic law]] which governed succession in the German states; his claim to the throne came because he was the nearest [[agnatic]] heir of his uncle, as the senior male-line descendant of [[Frederick I of Württemberg]] through his younger son [[Prince Paul of Württemberg|Prince Paul]].


King William became a ''[[Generalfeldmarschall]]'' during [[World War I]]. In 1918, he was deposed from the throne along with the other German rulers. King William finally abdicated on 30 November 1918,<ref>[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/HGWurttemberg.htm#1918 Abdication text (in German)]</ref> ending over 800 years of the [[House of Württemberg]] rule. He died in 1921 at [[Bebenhausen]].
King William became a ''[[Generalfeldmarschall]]'' during [[World War I]]. In 1918, he was deposed from the throne along with the other German rulers. King William finally abdicated on 30 November 1918,<ref>[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/HGWurttemberg.htm#1918 Abdication text (in German)]</ref> ending over 800 years of the [[House of Württemberg]] rule. He died in 1921 at [[Bebenhausen]].
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** [[Order of St. George|Knight of St. George]], 4th Class
** [[Order of St. George|Knight of St. George]], 4th Class
* {{flagcountry|Restoration (Spain)}}: [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Knight of the Golden Fleece]], ''3 May 1892''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000963792&search=&lang=es|chapter=Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1895|access-date=21 March 2019|page=166|language=es}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Restoration (Spain)}}: [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Knight of the Golden Fleece]], ''3 May 1892''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000963792&search=&lang=es|chapter=Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1895|access-date=21 March 2019|page=166|language=es}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sweden}}: [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim]], ''9 July 1913''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1915|page=671|url=http://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0671.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sweden}}: [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim]], ''9 July 1913''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1915|page=671|url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1915/0671.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2018-01-06|language=sv}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: [[Order of the Garter|Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter]], ''23 February 1904''<ref name=p72>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n161/mode/2up p. 72]</ref>
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: [[Order of the Garter|Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter]], ''23 February 1904''<ref name=p72>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n161/mode/2up p. 72]</ref> (expelled in 1915)


=== Arms ===
=== Arms ===
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|-
|-
{{S-bef|before=[[Charles I of Württemberg|Charles I]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Charles I of Württemberg|Charles I]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of rulers of Württemberg|King of Württemberg]]|years=1891–1918}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[King of Württemberg]]|years=1891–1918}}
{{S-non|reason=Monarchy abolished|reason2=[[German Revolution of 1918–19|German Revolution]]}}
{{S-non|reason=Monarchy abolished|reason2=[[German Revolution of 1918–19|German Revolution]]}}
{{S-pre|}}
{{S-pre|}}
{{S-new|loss|reason=[[Weimar Republic|Republic declared]]}}
{{S-new|loss|reason=[[Weimar Republic|Republic declared]]}}
{{S-tul|title=[[List of rulers of Württemberg|King of Württemberg]]|years=1918–1921|reason=[[German Revolution of 1918–19|Kingdom abolished in 1918]]}}
{{S-tul|title=[[King of Württemberg]]|years=1918–1921|reason=[[German Revolution of 1918–19|Kingdom abolished in 1918]]}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg|Duke Albrecht]]}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg|Duke Albrecht]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Final hereditary rulers in the German Empire}}
{{Princes of Württemberg}}
{{Princes of Württemberg}}
{{Pretenders to the Württemberg throne since 1918}}
{{Pretenders to the Württemberg throne since 1918}}
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[[Category:Field marshals of the German Empire]]
[[Category:Field marshals of the German Empire]]
[[Category:Kings of Württemberg]]
[[Category:Kings of Württemberg]]
[[Category:Protestant monarchs]]
[[Category:19th-century German landowners]]
⚫
[[Category:German landowners]]
[[Category:Members of the Württembergian Chamber of Lords]]
[[Category:Members of the Württembergian Chamber of Lords]]
[[Category:Monarchs who abdicated]]
[[Category:Monarchs who abdicated]]
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross, 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Iron Cross, 2nd class]]
[[Category:Pretenders to the throne of Württemberg]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century German landowners]]

Latest revision as of 14:41, 28 December 2024

William II
King William in 1892
King of Württemberg
Reign6 October 1891 – 30 November 1918
PredecessorCharles I
SuccessorMonarchy abolished
Born(1848-02-25)25 February 1848
Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg
Died2 October 1921(1921-10-02) (aged 73)
Bebenhausen, Württemberg, Weimar Republic
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1877; died 1882)​
​
​
(m. 1886)​
IssuePauline, Princess of Wied
Prince Ulrich
Names
German: Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich
HouseWürttemberg
FatherPrince Frederick of Württemberg
MotherPrincess Catherine of Württemberg
ReligionLutheran

William II (German: Wilhelm Karl Paul Heinrich Friedrich; 25 February 1848 – 2 October 1921) was the last King of Württemberg. He ruled from 6 October 1891 until the dissolution of the kingdom on 30 November 1918. He was the last German ruler to abdicate in the wake of the November Revolution of 1918.

Early years

[edit]

William was born the son of Prince Frederick of Württemberg (1808–1870) by his wife Princess Catherine Frederica of Württemberg (1821–1898), herself the daughter of King William I of Württemberg (1781–1864). His parents were first cousins, being the children of two brothers, and William was their only child.

William's growing years coincided with a progressive diminution of Württemberg's sovereignty and international presence, concomitant with the process of German unification. In 1870, Württemberg took the side of Prussia in the Franco-German War. In 1871, Württemberg became a state of the German Empire, a significant limitation on its sovereignty.

King of Württemberg

[edit]
Silver coin: 5 marks German Empire, Wilhelm II, 1900

William's father died in 1870, but his mother lived to see him seated on the throne of Württemberg. In 1891, William succeeded his childless maternal uncle, King Charles I (1823–1891) and became King of Württemberg. This was not, as it may seem, a departure from the Salic law which governed succession in the German states; his claim to the throne came because he was the nearest agnatic heir of his uncle, as the senior male-line descendant of Frederick I of Württemberg through his younger son Prince Paul.

King William became a Generalfeldmarschall during World War I. In 1918, he was deposed from the throne along with the other German rulers. King William finally abdicated on 30 November 1918,[1] ending over 800 years of the House of Württemberg rule. He died in 1921 at Bebenhausen.

Personality and interests

[edit]

Considered to be a popular monarch, William had the habit of walking his two dogs in public parks in Stuttgart without being attended by bodyguards or the like. During these excursions, he would often be greeted by his subjects with a simple Herr König ("Mister King").

Despite living in a landlocked kingdom, William II was a yachting enthusiast. The king was instrumental in the establishment of the Württembergischer Yacht Club (formerly "Königlich Württembergischer Yacht-Club" or Royal Yacht Club of Württemberg) in 1911 on Lake Constance.

Marriages and children

[edit]

On 15 February 1877 at Arolsen he married Princess Marie of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1857–1882). They had three children:

Marie died on 30 April 1882 in Stuttgart, from complications resulting from the birth of their third child. William, already depressed by the death of his only son, is said never to have recovered from this blow.

Nevertheless, he was King and it was his duty to secure the succession. On 8 April 1886, at Bückeburg, he married Princess Charlotte of Schaumburg-Lippe (1864–1946). They had no children.

Succession

[edit]

On William II's death in 1921 without male issue, the royal branch of the House of Württemberg became extinct, and the headship of the house devolved to Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg, head of the Catholic cadet branch of the dynasty, based at Altshausen. Albrecht was a descendant of Alexander of Württemberg, the 7th son of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg (1732–1797).

Honours

[edit]
German awards[2]
Foreign awards[2]

Arms

[edit]

Royal Monogram of King Wilhelm II of Württemberg
Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Württemberg, 1817
Royal Monogram of King Wilhelm II of Württemberg, Variant
Coat of Arms of King Wilhelm II as a Knight of the Golden Fleece

Ancestry

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to William II of Württemberg.
  1. ^ Abdication text (in German)
  2. ^ a b Staatshandbuch für Württemberg. 1889. p. 283.
  3. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1889), "Königliche Orden" pp. 26, 56, 60
  4. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1886/7) "Königliche Orden" p. 52
  5. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für des Herzogtum Anhalt (1894), "Herzoglicher Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17
  6. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 39
  7. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 7
  8. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für 1905. Braunschweig 1905. Meyer. p. 11
  9. ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1884), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 32
  10. ^ "Ludewigs-orden", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, p. 5 – via hathitrust.org
  11. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg0: 1879. Schulze. 1879. p. 34.
  12. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach Archived 2020-09-06 at the Wayback Machine (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
  13. ^ Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 4 – via hathitrust.org.
  14. ^ a b c "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), 1, Berlin: 7, 935, 1052, 1886 – via hathitrust.org
  15. ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1898). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 54.
  17. ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 149.
  18. ^ "Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1895, p. 166, retrieved 21 March 2019
  19. ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1915, p. 671, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org
  20. ^ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 72
[edit]
William II of Württemberg
Born: 25 February 1848 Died: 2 October 1921
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Württemberg
1891–1918 		Monarchy abolished
Titles in pretence
Loss of title
 — TITULAR —
King of Württemberg
1918–1921
Reason for succession failure:
Kingdom abolished in 1918 		Succeeded by
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