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{{Short description|Smaller moon of Haumea}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| name = Namaka
| name = Namaka
| image = Haumea_Hubble.png
| image = Namaka Hubble.png
| caption = Namaka is the faint spot near the bottom of the photo, directly below [[Haumea]] (center), in this photo taken by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]].
| caption = In this photo taken by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]], Namaka is the faint spot near the bottom, directly below [[Haumea]] (center).
| discoverer = [[Michael E. Brown]], <br> [[Chad Trujillo]], <br> [[David Rabinowitz]], et al.
| discoverer = [[Michael E. Brown]], <br> [[Chad Trujillo]], <br> [[David Rabinowitz]], et al.
| discovered = 30 June 2005
| discovered = 30 June 2005
| mpc_name = Haumea II Namaka
| mpc_name = Haumea II
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|n|ɑː|ˈ|m|ɑː|k|ə}} {{respell|nah|MAH|kə}}<ref name="pron" group=lower-alpha>The [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] pronunciation is {{IPA-haw|naːˈmɐkə|}}.</ref>
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|n|ɑː|ˈ|m|ɑː|k|ə}}<br>{{IPA|haw|naːˈmɐkə|lang}}
| alt_names = {{mp|(136108) 2003 EL|61}}&nbsp;II, <br> {{mp|S|2005|2003 EL|61|2}}
| alt_names = {{mp|(136108) 2003 EL|61}}&nbsp;II<br>{{mp|S|2005|2003 EL|61|2}}
| orbit_ref = <ref name="SatelliteOrbits"/>
| orbit_ref = <ref name="SatelliteOrbits"/>
| epoch = [[Julian day|JD]] 2454615.0
| epoch = [[Julian day|JD]] 2454615.0
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| mean_anomaly = {{val|178.5|1.7|u=°}}
| mean_anomaly = {{val|178.5|1.7|u=°}}
| satellite_of = {{dp|Haumea}}
| satellite_of = {{dp|Haumea}}
| mean_radius = ~85 km (if albedo is same as primary's 0.7±0.1)
| mean_radius = ~85 km (if albedo is same as primary's {{val|0.7|0.1}})
| mass = 1.79 ± 1.48{{e|18}} [[Kilogram|kg]]<ref name="SatelliteOrbits"/> <br> (0.05% the mass of Haumea)
| mass = {{val|1.79|1.48|e=18}} [[Kilogram|kg]]<ref name="SatelliteOrbits"/> <br> (0.05% the mass of Haumea)
| density = (assumed to be near 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>)
| density = (assumed to be near 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>)
| single_temperature = 32±3 [[Kelvin|K]]
| single_temperature = {{val|32|3}} [[Kelvin|K]]
| rotation =
| rotation = ?
| axial_tilt =
| axial_tilt =
| albedo = {{val|0.8|0.2}}<ref name=johnston/><ref name=RagozzineBrown2009/>
| albedo = {{val|0.8|0.2}}<ref name=johnston/><ref name=RagozzineBrown2009/>
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}}
}}


'''Namaka''' is the smaller, inner moon of the possible dwarf planet [[Haumea]]. It is named after [[Nāmaka]], the goddess of the sea in [[Hawaiian mythology]] and one of the daughters of [[Haumea (mythology)|Haumea]].
'''Namaka''' is the smaller, inner moon of the [[trans-Neptunian object|trans-Neptunian]] [[dwarf planet]] [[Haumea]]. Discovered in 2005, it is named after [[Nāmaka]], the goddess of the sea in [[Hawaiian mythology]] and one of the daughters of [[Haumea (mythology)|Haumea]]. Namaka is notable for its unusual, highly-perturbed orbit that is heavily influenced by the larger, outer moon [[Hi'iaka (moon)|Hi'iaka]].


== Discovery ==
== Discovery ==
Namaka was discovered on 30 June 2005 and announced on 29 November 2005.<ref name="IAUC_8636" /> It was nicknamed "[[Blitzen the Reindeer|Blitzen]]" by the discovery team before being assigned an official name.
Namaka was discovered on 30 June 2005 and announced on 29 November 2005.<ref name="IAUC_8636" /> It was nicknamed "[[Blitzen the Reindeer|Blitzen]]" by the discovery team before being assigned an official name.{{cn|date=July 2024}}


== Physical characteristics ==
== Physical characteristics ==
Namaka is only 1.5% as bright as its parent dwarf planet Haumea<ref name="Barkume2006" /> and is about 0.05% its mass. If it turns out to have a similar [[albedo]], it would be about 170&nbsp;km in diameter.<ref name=johnston/> Photometric observations indicate that its surface is made of water ice.<ref name="Barkume2006" /> Mutual events between 2009 and 2011<ref name="events09"/> were expected to improve the knowledge of the orbits and masses of the components of the Haumean system,<ref name=RagozzineBrown2009/> but interpreting those observations was greatly complicated by the unexpected non-tidally locked spin state of [[Hiʻiaka]], the larger moon. Further observations of Hiʻiaka might allow to determine its rotation period and spin state more precisely, at which point it should be possible to remove its effect from the data obtained in 2009.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Short Rotation Period of Hi'iaka, Haumea's Largest Satellite|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=152|issue=6|pages=195|language=en|access-date=|arxiv=1610.04305|last1=Hastings|first1=Danielle M|last2=Ragozzine|first2=Darin|last3=Fabrycky|first3=Daniel C|last4=Burkhart|first4=Luke D|last5=Fuentes|first5=Cesar|last6=Margot|first6=Jean-Luc|last7=Brown|first7=Michael E|last8=Holman|first8=Matthew|year=2016|doi=10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/195|bibcode=2016AJ....152..195H}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|arxiv=1204.3923|last1=Grundy|first1=W. M|title=Mutual Events in the Cold Classical Transneptunian Binary System Sila and Nunam|journal=Icarus|volume=220|issue=1|pages=74–83|last2=Benecchi|first2=S. D|last3=Rabinowitz|first3=D. L|last4=Porter|first4=S. B|last5=Wasserman|first5=L. H|last6=Skiff|first6=B. A|last7=Noll|first7=K. S|last8=Verbiscer|first8=A. J|last9=Buie|first9=M. W|last10=Tourtellotte|first10=S. W|last11=Stephens|first11=D. C|last12=Levison|first12=H. F|year=2012|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2012.04.014|bibcode=2012Icar..220...74G}}</ref>
Namaka is only 1.5% as bright as its parent dwarf planet Haumea<ref name="Barkume2006" /> and is about 0.05% its mass. If it turns out to have a similar [[albedo]], it would be about 170&nbsp;km in diameter.<ref name=johnston/> Photometric observations indicate that its surface is made of water ice.<ref name="Barkume2006" /> Mutual events between 2009 and 2011<ref name="events09"/> were expected to improve the knowledge of the orbits and masses of the components of the Haumean system,<ref name=RagozzineBrown2009/> but interpreting those observations was greatly complicated by the unexpected non-tidally locked spin state of [[Hiʻiaka (moon)|Hiʻiaka]], the larger moon. Namaka is similar in size to [[Makemake]]'s moon [[MK2 (moon)|MK2]], despite being smaller. Further observations of Hiʻiaka might allow to determine its rotation period and spin state more precisely, at which point it should be possible to remove its effect from the data obtained in 2009.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Short Rotation Period of Hiʻiaka, Haumea's Largest Satellite|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=152|issue=6|pages=195|language=en|arxiv=1610.04305|last1=Hastings|first1=Danielle M|last2=Ragozzine|first2=Darin|last3=Fabrycky|first3=Daniel C|last4=Burkhart|first4=Luke D|last5=Fuentes|first5=Cesar|last6=Margot|first6=Jean-Luc|last7=Brown|first7=Michael E|last8=Holman|first8=Matthew|year=2016|doi=10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/195|bibcode=2016AJ....152..195H|s2cid=33292771 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|arxiv=1204.3923|last1=Grundy|first1=W. M|title=Mutual Events in the Cold Classical Transneptunian Binary System Sila and Nunam|journal=Icarus|volume=220|issue=1|pages=74–83|last2=Benecchi|first2=S. D|last3=Rabinowitz|first3=D. L|last4=Porter|first4=S. B|last5=Wasserman|first5=L. H|last6=Skiff|first6=B. A|last7=Noll|first7=K. S|last8=Verbiscer|first8=A. J|last9=Buie|first9=M. W|last10=Tourtellotte|first10=S. W|last11=Stephens|first11=D. C|last12=Levison|first12=H. F|year=2012|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2012.04.014|bibcode=2012Icar..220...74G|s2cid=16784376 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Moons of Haumea]]
*[[Hi{{okina}}iaka (moon)| Hi{{okina}}iaka]], the other [[Moons of Haumea|moon of Haumea]]

==Notes==
{{reflist
| group = note
}}
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em| refs =
{{Spoken Wikipedia|date=2024-12-28|Narration of Namaka moon.mp3}}{{Reflist|30em| refs =
<ref name="SatelliteOrbits">
<ref name="SatelliteOrbits">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4766| last1 = Ragozzine| first1 = D.| last2 = Brown| first2 = M. E.| year = 2009| title = Orbits and Masses of the Satellites of the Dwarf Planet Haumea (2003 EL61)| journal = The Astronomical Journal| volume = 137| issue = 6| pages = 4766–4776| pmid = | pmc = | arxiv = 0903.4213| bibcode = 2009AJ....137.4766R| ref = harv}}
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4766| last1 = Ragozzine| first1 = D.| last2 = Brown| first2 = M. E.| year = 2009| title = Orbits and Masses of the Satellites of the Dwarf Planet Haumea (2003 EL61)| journal = The Astronomical Journal| volume = 137| issue = 6| pages = 4766–4776| arxiv = 0903.4213| bibcode = 2009AJ....137.4766R| s2cid = 15310444}}
</ref>
</ref>


<ref name="RagozzineBrown2009">
<ref name="RagozzineBrown2009">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4766| last1 = Ragozzine| first1 = D.| last2 = Brown| first2 = M. E.| year = 2009| title = Orbits and Masses of the Satellites of the Dwarf Planet Haumea (2003 EL61)| journal = The Astronomical Journal| volume = 137| issue = 6| pages = 4766–4776| pmid = | pmc = | arxiv = 0903.4213| bibcode = 2009AJ....137.4766R| ref = harv}}
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4766| last1 = Ragozzine| first1 = D.| last2 = Brown| first2 = M. E.| year = 2009| title = Orbits and Masses of the Satellites of the Dwarf Planet Haumea (2003 EL61)| journal = The Astronomical Journal| volume = 137| issue = 6| pages = 4766–4776| arxiv = 0903.4213| bibcode = 2009AJ....137.4766R| s2cid = 15310444}}
</ref>
</ref>


<ref name=johnston>
<ref name=johnston>{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-136108.html
| url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-136108.html
| author = Wm. Robert Johnston
| author = Wm. Robert Johnston
| title = (136108) Haumea, Hi'iaka, and Nāmaka
| title = (136108) Haumea, Hi'iaka, and Nāmaka
| date = 17 September 2008
| date = 17 September 2008
| accessdate = 2008-09-18
| access-date = 2008-09-18
| archive-date = 21 December 2017
}}
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171221043516/http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-136108.html
⚫
</ref>
| url-status = live
⚫
}}</ref>


<ref name="events09">
<ref name="events09">{{cite web
{{cite web
|url=http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/2003EL61/mutual/
|url=http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/2003EL61/mutual/
|title=Mutual events of Haumea and Namaka
|title=Mutual events of Haumea and Namaka
|author=Brown, M.
|author=Brown, M.
|accessdate=2009-02-18
|access-date=2009-02-18
|archive-date=24 February 2009
⚫
}}</ref>
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224084311/http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/2003EL61/mutual/
|url-status=live
}}</ref>


<ref name="IAUC_8636">
<ref name="IAUC_8636">{{cite web
{{cite web
|last = Green
|last = Green
|first = Daniel W. E.
|first = Daniel W. E.
|date = 1 December 2005
|date = 1 December 2005
|title = IAUC 8636
|title = IAUC 8636
|url = http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08600/08636.html
|url = http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08600/08636.html
|access-date=14 November 2018
|access-date = 14 November 2018
|archive-date = 26 December 2017
}}
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171226021414/http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08600/08636.html
⚫
</ref>
|url-status = live
⚫
}}</ref>


<ref name="Barkume2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Barkume | first1 = K. M. | last2 = Brown | first2 = M. E. | last3 = Schaller | first3 = E. L. | title = Water Ice on the Satellite of Kuiper Belt Object 2003 EL61 | doi = 10.1086/503159 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 640 | issue = 1 | pages = L87–L89 | year = 2006 | pmid = | pmc =| url = http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/papers/ps/rudolph.pdf|arxiv = astro-ph/0601534 |bibcode = 2006ApJ...640L..87B }}</ref>
<ref name="Barkume2006">{{Cite journal | last1 = Barkume | first1 = K. M. | last2 = Brown | first2 = M. E. | last3 = Schaller | first3 = E. L. | title = Water Ice on the Satellite of Kuiper Belt Object 2003 EL61 | doi = 10.1086/503159 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 640 | issue = 1 | pages = L87–L89 | year = 2006 | url = http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/papers/ps/rudolph.pdf | arxiv = astro-ph/0601534 | bibcode = 2006ApJ...640L..87B | s2cid = 17831967 | access-date = 18 September 2008 | archive-date = 12 February 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120212202230/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/papers/ps/rudolph.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>
}}
}}



{{Moons of plutoids}}
{{Moons of plutoids}}
{{Haumea}}
{{Haumea}}
{{Solar System moons (compact)}}
{{Solar System moons (compact)}}

⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}


[[Category:Moons of Haumea]]
[[Category:Moons of Haumea]]
[[Category:Trans-Neptunian satellites]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Michael E. Brown]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Chad Trujillo]]
[[Category:Discoveries by David L. Rabinowitz]]

Latest revision as of 15:52, 28 December 2024

Namaka
In this photo taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, Namaka is the faint spot near the bottom, directly below Haumea (center).
Discovery
Discovered byMichael E. Brown,
Chad Trujillo,
David Rabinowitz, et al.
Discovery date30 June 2005
Designations
Designation
Haumea II
Pronunciation/nɑːˈmɑːkə/
Hawaiian: [naːˈmɐkə]
(136108) 2003 EL61 II
S/2005 (2003 EL61) 2
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch JD 2454615.0
25657±91 km[1]
Eccentricity0.249±0.015 (in 2009; variable)
18.2783±0.0076 d[1]
178.5°±1.7°
Inclination113.013°±0.075°
13.41°±0.08° relative to Hiʻiaka (in 2008; variable)
205.016°±0.228°
178.9°±2.3°
Satellite ofHaumea
Physical characteristics
~85 km (if albedo is same as primary's 0.7±0.1)
Mass(1.79±1.48)×1018 kg[1]
(0.05% the mass of Haumea)
Mean density
(assumed to be near 1 g/cm3)
?
Albedo0.8±0.2[2][3]
Temperature32±3 K
21.9 (4.6 difference from primary's 17.3)[2]

Namaka is the smaller, inner moon of the trans-Neptunian dwarf planet Haumea. Discovered in 2005, it is named after Nāmaka, the goddess of the sea in Hawaiian mythology and one of the daughters of Haumea. Namaka is notable for its unusual, highly-perturbed orbit that is heavily influenced by the larger, outer moon Hi'iaka.

Discovery

[edit]

Namaka was discovered on 30 June 2005 and announced on 29 November 2005.[4] It was nicknamed "Blitzen" by the discovery team before being assigned an official name.[citation needed]

Physical characteristics

[edit]

Namaka is only 1.5% as bright as its parent dwarf planet Haumea[5] and is about 0.05% its mass. If it turns out to have a similar albedo, it would be about 170 km in diameter.[2] Photometric observations indicate that its surface is made of water ice.[5] Mutual events between 2009 and 2011[6] were expected to improve the knowledge of the orbits and masses of the components of the Haumean system,[3] but interpreting those observations was greatly complicated by the unexpected non-tidally locked spin state of Hiʻiaka, the larger moon. Namaka is similar in size to Makemake's moon MK2, despite being smaller. Further observations of Hiʻiaka might allow to determine its rotation period and spin state more precisely, at which point it should be possible to remove its effect from the data obtained in 2009.[7][8]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  1. ^ a b c d Ragozzine, D.; Brown, M. E. (2009). "Orbits and Masses of the Satellites of the Dwarf Planet Haumea (2003 EL61)". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4766–4776. arXiv:0903.4213. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.4766R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4766. S2CID 15310444.
  2. ^ a b c Wm. Robert Johnston (17 September 2008). "(136108) Haumea, Hi'iaka, and Nāmaka". Archived from the original on 21 December 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2008.
  3. ^ a b Ragozzine, D.; Brown, M. E. (2009). "Orbits and Masses of the Satellites of the Dwarf Planet Haumea (2003 EL61)". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4766–4776. arXiv:0903.4213. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.4766R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4766. S2CID 15310444.
  4. ^ Green, Daniel W. E. (1 December 2005). "IAUC 8636". Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  5. ^ a b Barkume, K. M.; Brown, M. E.; Schaller, E. L. (2006). "Water Ice on the Satellite of Kuiper Belt Object 2003 EL61" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 640 (1): L87 – L89. arXiv:astro-ph/0601534. Bibcode:2006ApJ...640L..87B. doi:10.1086/503159. S2CID 17831967. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2008.
  6. ^ Brown, M. "Mutual events of Haumea and Namaka". Archived from the original on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
  7. ^ Hastings, Danielle M; Ragozzine, Darin; Fabrycky, Daniel C; Burkhart, Luke D; Fuentes, Cesar; Margot, Jean-Luc; Brown, Michael E; Holman, Matthew (2016). "The Short Rotation Period of Hiʻiaka, Haumea's Largest Satellite". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (6): 195. arXiv:1610.04305. Bibcode:2016AJ....152..195H. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/195. S2CID 33292771.
  8. ^ Grundy, W. M; Benecchi, S. D; Rabinowitz, D. L; Porter, S. B; Wasserman, L. H; Skiff, B. A; Noll, K. S; Verbiscer, A. J; Buie, M. W; Tourtellotte, S. W; Stephens, D. C; Levison, H. F (2012). "Mutual Events in the Cold Classical Transneptunian Binary System Sila and Nunam". Icarus. 220 (1): 74–83. arXiv:1204.3923. Bibcode:2012Icar..220...74G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.04.014. S2CID 16784376.
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