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{{Short description|Claimant to the Brazilian throne}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{more footnotes|date=July 2022}}
{{more footnotes|date=July 2022}}
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| reign-type = Tenure
| reign-type = Tenure
| predecessor = [[Luiz of Orléans-Braganza]]
| predecessor = [[Luiz of Orléans-Braganza]]
| successor = [[Antônio of Orléans-Braganza]]
| successor = [[Rafael of Orléans-Braganza]]
| suc-type = Heir presumptive
| suc-type = Heir presumptive
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|2|2|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|2|2|df=y}}
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}}
}}


'''Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza''' (born ''Bertrand Maria José Pio Januário Miguel Gabriel Raphael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança''; 2 February 1941, in [[Mandelieu-la-Napoule]], Vichy France) is the head of the [[Brazilian imperial family#The Vassouras line|Vassouras branch]] of the [[House of Orléans-Braganza]] and one of two claimants to the defunct Brazilian throne. He succeeded his brother [[Luiz of Orléans-Braganza]] to the claim on 15 July 2022. The Vassouras branch claims the throne in opposition to the Petrópolis branch of the Orléans-Braganzas, headed by Pedro Carlos Orléans-Braganza. Although Bertrand and Pedro Carlos respectively were and are great-grandchildren of [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil|Isabel, Princess Imperial]] (daughter of [[Pedro II of Brazil|Emperor Pedro II]]), of the [[House of Braganza]], they disputed leadership over the [[Brazilian Imperial Family]] due to a dynastic dispute concerning their fathers, who were cousins.
'''Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza''' (born 2 February 1941, in [[Mandelieu-la-Napoule]], Vichy France) is the head of the [[Brazilian imperial family#The Vassouras line|Vassouras branch]] of the [[House of Orléans-Braganza]] and one of two claimants to the defunct Brazilian throne. He succeeded his brother [[Luiz of Orléans-Braganza]] to the claim on 15 July 2022. The Vassouras branch claims the throne in opposition to the Petrópolis branch of the Orléans-Braganzas, headed by Pedro Carlos Orléans-Braganza. Although Bertrand and Pedro Carlos respectively were and are great-grandchildren of [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil|Princess Isabel]] (daughter of Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil|D. Pedro II]]), of the [[House of Braganza]], they disputed leadership over the [[Brazilian Imperial Family]] due to a dynastic dispute concerning their fathers, who were cousins.

Born in [[Mandelieu-la-Napoule]], [[France]], the third child of [[Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza]], and [[Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria]]. He was the third and last child of the couple to be born abroad, and came to [[Brazil]] at the age of four. In Brazil, he graduated in law from the [[University of São Paulo]] and became a student of [[Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira]] and a devoted member of ''[[Tradition, Family and Property]]'' and later the [[Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira Institute|Instituto Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Autor: Dom Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança |url=https://www.ipco.org.br/autores/undefined/autores/dombertrand |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=www.ipco.org.br |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Prince Bertrand is an avid traditionalist conservative, [[Anti-communism|anticommunist]], and outspoken advocate of right-wing [[Christians|Christian policies]]. Chaste, the Prince succeeded his brother as [[Head of the Imperial House of Brazil]] and is the main activist and spokesperson for the [[Monarchism in Brazil|restoration of the monarchy]], having gained prominence in the national media and, on occasion, in the international media. He is frequently invited by public and private institutions, including the [[Brazil|Federal Government]], to participate in official events, as well as to participate in monarchic events and meetings and to travel the country campaigning for the monarchy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-06 |title=Bertrand do Brasil |url=https://monarquia.miraheze.org/wiki/Bertrand_do_Brasil |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=Monarquia Wiki |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dom Bertrand » Pró Monarquia |url=https://monarquia.org.br/a-familia-imperial/dom-bertrand/ |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=monarquia.org.br}}</ref>

Although Prince Bertrand and Prince Pedro Carlos are great-grandsons of Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil]], of the [[House of Braganza]], they disputed the leadership of the [[Brazilian Imperial Family]] due to a dynastic dispute regarding their parents, who were cousins. A member of the [[Brazilian Imperial House]], Prince Bertrand is closely related to the [[House of Braganza]] and the [[House of Orléans]] (Orleanist claimants), both through his paternal lineage, and with the [[House of Wittelsbach]], through his maternal lineage. He is the great-grandson of [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]] and King [[Louis III of Bavaria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trineto de d. Pedro 2º pede fim do laudêmio e aponta descaso em Petrópolis |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2022/02/23/trineto-de-d-pedro-ii-joao-braganca-laudemio-petropolis-familia-real.htm |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=G1 > Edição São Paulo - NOTÍCIAS - A questão dinástica |url=https://g1.globo.com/Noticias/SaoPaulo/0,,AA1273971-5605,00.html |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=g1.globo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-01-09 |title=La familia real brasileña defiende los nuevos ideales |url=https://www.publico.es/internacional/familia-real-brasilena-defiende-nuevos.html |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=www.publico.es}}</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
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===Education and beliefs===
===Education and beliefs===


From a very young age he received Catholic formation, being guided by his father to the taste for the doctrinal study and the analysis of the national and international events. He participated with enthusiasm in the academic banks of the ideological struggles that marked Brazil in the first half of the sixties.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} His formation was completed with frequent trips to Europe, one of which took place during the entire First Session of the [[Second Vatican Council]], when he took close contact with the Catholic intelligentsia to Rome for the great event. Civil [[Aircraft pilot|pilot]], is a reservist of the [[Brazilian Air Force]].{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}
From a very young age he received Catholic formation, being guided by his father to the taste for the doctrinal study and the analysis of the national and international events. He participated with enthusiasm in the academic banks of the ideological struggles that marked Brazil in the first half of the sixties.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} His formation was completed with frequent trips to Europe, one of which took place during the entire First Session of the [[Second Vatican Council]], when he took close contact with the Catholic intelligentsia to Rome for the great event. A civil [[Aircraft pilot|pilot]], he is a reservist of the [[Brazilian Air Force]].{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}


Bertrand is a [[Traditionalist Catholic]] and a member of [[Tradition, Family and Property]],<ref>"[http://www.tfp.org/current-campaigns/2001/prince-bertrand-of-orleans-braganza-visits-america.html Bertrand of Orleans-Braganza Visits America] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415044301/http://www.tfp.org/current-campaigns/2001/prince-bertrand-of-orleans-braganza-visits-america.html |date=15 April 2012 }}", TFP.org, 30 April 2001</ref> of traditionalist Catholic inspiration, founded and directed by the intellectual leader [[Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira]] until his death. There it diffuses from the catholic and monarchical ideals,<ref name=souranniversary >{{Cite news |last=Brooke |first=James |date=1989-11-12 |title=A Sour Anniversary for Brazil's Monarchists |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/12/world/a-sour-anniversary-for-brazil-s-monarchists.html |access-date=2022-03-06 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> seen by him as "distinct and harmonious facets of the same ideal."{{cite quote|date=July 2022}} His older brother, Luiz, was also part of the organization. After a spin-off occurred in the entity, he and his brother began to collaborate with members linked to the [[Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira Institute]] (IPCO) and the Founders' Association.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}
Bertrand is a [[Traditionalist Catholic]] and a member of [[Tradition, Family and Property]],<ref>"[http://www.tfp.org/current-campaigns/2001/prince-bertrand-of-orleans-braganza-visits-america.html Bertrand of Orleans-Braganza Visits America] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415044301/http://www.tfp.org/current-campaigns/2001/prince-bertrand-of-orleans-braganza-visits-america.html |date=15 April 2012 }}", TFP.org, 30 April 2001</ref> of traditionalist Catholic inspiration, founded and directed by the intellectual leader [[Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira]] until his death. There it diffuses from the catholic and monarchical ideals,<ref name=souranniversary >{{Cite news |last=Brooke |first=James |date=1989-11-12 |title=A Sour Anniversary for Brazil's Monarchists |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/12/world/a-sour-anniversary-for-brazil-s-monarchists.html |access-date=2022-03-06 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> seen by him as "distinct and harmonious facets of the same ideal."{{cite quote|date=July 2022}} His older brother, Luiz, was also part of the organization. After a spin-off occurred in the entity, he and his brother began to collaborate with members linked to the [[Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira Institute]] (IPCO) and the Founders' Association.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}
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===Later life===
===Later life===
[[File:Dom Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança.jpg|thumb|Bertrand in 2011]]
[[File:Dom Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança.jpg|thumb|Bertrand in 2011]]
He is not married and has no issue.
He is not married and has no issue, so his dynastic heir is his younger brother, Antonio of Orléans-Braganza, who is married to a [[Belgium|Belgian]] aristocrat, Princess [[House of Ligne|Christine of Ligne]], with issue.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}


Both he and his elder brother, Luiz, were engaged in monarchist proselytism in Brazil.<ref name=souranniversary /> They both played main roles during the campaign for the [[Brazilian constitutional referendum, 1993|1993 plebiscite]], which represented the hitherto only real opportunity for a return of the monarchy since the proclamation of the republic, in 1889. In it, the people were asked to choose which form of government ([[Presidential system|presidential]] or [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]]) and which form of state organization (republic or [[constitutional monarchy]]) Brazil should have. The monarchist cause was not successful, receiving only 13.4% of the vote.<ref>"[http://weber.ucsd.edu/~sbailey/BrazPleb.html 1993 Brazilian Plebiscite] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401234547/http://weber.ucsd.edu/~sbailey/BrazPleb.html |date=1 April 2012 }}" by Scott Bailey, UCSD</ref><ref>[http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_ara/Brazil.html 1993 Human Rights Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711193551/http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_ara/Brazil.html |date=11 July 2010 }}, US State Department, 31 January 1994</ref>
Both he and his elder brother, Luiz, were engaged in monarchist proselytism in Brazil.<ref name=souranniversary /> They both played main roles during the campaign for the [[Brazilian constitutional referendum, 1993|1993 plebiscite]], which represented the hitherto only real opportunity for a return of the monarchy since the proclamation of the republic, in 1889. In it, the people were asked to choose which form of government ([[Presidential system|presidential]] or [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]]) and which form of state organization (republic or [[constitutional monarchy]]) Brazil should have. The monarchist cause was not successful, receiving only 13.4% of the vote.<ref>"[http://weber.ucsd.edu/~sbailey/BrazPleb.html 1993 Brazilian Plebiscite] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401234547/http://weber.ucsd.edu/~sbailey/BrazPleb.html |date=1 April 2012 }}" by Scott Bailey, UCSD</ref><ref>[http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_ara/Brazil.html 1993 Human Rights Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711193551/http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_ara/Brazil.html |date=11 July 2010 }}, US State Department, 31 January 1994</ref>


==Roles==
==Roles==
In recent years, Bertrand is coordinator and [[spokesman]] of the movement ''Paz no Campo'' (Peace in the fields), and has traveled all over Brazil lecturing for farmers and entrepreneurs in defense of private property and free enterprise.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.paznocampo.org.br/Blog/Blog_db.asp |title=Blog de D. Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança. |access-date=29 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511062315/http://www.paznocampo.org.br/Blog/blog_db.asp |archive-date=11 May 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Paz no campo significa "tolerância zero" com o MST e congêneres. In: [http://www.catolicismo.com.br/materia/materia.cfm/idmat/4F56EEF2-3048-560B-1C2F4B47E1054D19/mes/Maio2007 Catolicismo], May 2007</ref>
In recent years, Bertrand is coordinator and [[spokesman]] of the movement ''Paz no Campo'' (Peace in the fields), and has traveled all over Brazil lecturing for farmers and entrepreneurs in defense of private property and free enterprise.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.paznocampo.org.br/Blog/Blog_db.asp |title=Blog de D. Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança. |access-date=29 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511062315/http://www.paznocampo.org.br/Blog/blog_db.asp |archive-date=11 May 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Paz no campo significa "tolerância zero" com o MST e congêneres. In: [http://www.catolicismo.com.br/materia/materia.cfm/idmat/4F56EEF2-3048-560B-1C2F4B47E1054D19/mes/Maio2007 Catolicismo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306195717/http://www.catolicismo.com.br/materia/materia.cfm/idmat/4F56EEF2-3048-560B-1C2F4B47E1054D19/mes/Maio2007 |date=6 March 2016 }}, May 2007</ref>


As the activist and spokesman of the Brazilian Imperial House for the restoration of the monarchy, Bertrand has gained prominence in the national media and, on some occasions, international media,<ref name=wallstreet>{{cite web|url =https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-plan-to-fix-brazils-royal-mess-restore-the-monarchy-1466187675|title=New Plan to Fix Brazil's Royal Mess: Restore the Monarchy|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|date=2016-06-17|access-date=2017-11-27}}</ref> with the rise and spread of monarchist movements throughout the country.<ref name=wsj>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2015/08/150816_salasocial_monarquia_protestos_rs|title='República está com dias contados', dizem monarquistas após protestos|publisher=BBC|date=2015-08-17|access-date=2017-11-27}}</ref> He participates annually in public meetings with monarchists,<ref name=encontro>{{cite web|url =https://oglobo.globo.com/rio/encontro-monarquico-reune-250-pessoas-no-flamengo-21462053|title=Monarchical meeting gather 250 people in Flamengo|publisher=O Globo|date=2017-06-10|access-date=2017-11-27}}</ref> in addition to attending other meetings and conducting lectures, often at the invitation of private institutions, municipal governments and legislative assemblies, mainly for public events related to Brazil's monarchical past.<ref name=saovicente>{{cite web|url =http://g1.globo.com/sp/santos-regiao/noticia/2017/03/principe-imperial-do-brasil-visita-sao-vicente-nesta-segunda-feira.html|title=Prince Imperial of Brazil visits São Vicente|publisher=O Globo|date=2017-03-19|access-date=2017-11-27}}</ref> In 2016 he gave an interview to Mariana Godoy on her program on [[RedeTV!]], gaining notoriety with the general public.<ref name=Bertrand>{{cite web|url =http://www.redetv.uol.com.br/jornalismo/marianagodoyentrevista/videos/programas-na-integra/mariana-godoy-recebe-dom-bertrand-de-orleans-e-braganca-integra|title = Mariana Godoy receive Dom Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança|publisher=Rede TV!|date=2016-05-27 |access-date=2017-04-24}}</ref> On 22 September 2017 Bertrand participated in the program [[The Noite com Danilo Gentili]], currently the largest talk show in the country, breaking the program's record of audience.<ref name=TheNoite>{{cite web|url =http://www.sbt.com.br/thenoite/fiquepordentro/97102/Danilo-Gentili-recebe-o-principe-Dom-Bertrand-no-The-Noite.html|title = Danilo Gentili recebe o Príncipe Dom Bertrand no The Noite|publisher=SBT|date=2017-09-22 |access-date=2017-11-18}}</ref> Despite the campaign, politically the monarchist movement is still small, with 11% of support among the population, according to a survey.<ref>[http://www.paranapesquisas.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/BROnline_Jun17-Monarquia.pdf Instituto Paraná Pesquisas]</ref>
As the activist and spokesman of the Brazilian Imperial House for the restoration of the monarchy, Bertrand has gained prominence in the national media and, on some occasions, international media,<ref name=wallstreet>{{cite web|url =https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-plan-to-fix-brazils-royal-mess-restore-the-monarchy-1466187675|title=New Plan to Fix Brazil's Royal Mess: Restore the Monarchy|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|date=2016-06-17|access-date=2017-11-27}}</ref> with the rise and spread of monarchist movements throughout the country.<ref name=wsj>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2015/08/150816_salasocial_monarquia_protestos_rs|title='República está com dias contados', dizem monarquistas após protestos|publisher=BBC|date=2015-08-17|access-date=2017-11-27}}</ref> He participates annually in public meetings with monarchists,<ref name=encontro>{{cite web|url =https://oglobo.globo.com/rio/encontro-monarquico-reune-250-pessoas-no-flamengo-21462053|title=Monarchical meeting gather 250 people in Flamengo|publisher=O Globo|date=2017-06-10|access-date=2017-11-27}}</ref> in addition to attending other meetings and conducting lectures, often at the invitation of private institutions, municipal governments and legislative assemblies, mainly for public events related to Brazil's monarchical past.<ref name=saovicente>{{cite web|url =http://g1.globo.com/sp/santos-regiao/noticia/2017/03/principe-imperial-do-brasil-visita-sao-vicente-nesta-segunda-feira.html|title=Prince Imperial of Brazil visits São Vicente|publisher=O Globo|date=2017-03-19|access-date=2017-11-27}}</ref> In 2016 he gave an interview to Mariana Godoy on her program on [[RedeTV!]], gaining notoriety with the general public.<ref name=Bertrand>{{cite web|url=http://www.redetv.uol.com.br/jornalismo/marianagodoyentrevista/videos/programas-na-integra/mariana-godoy-recebe-dom-bertrand-de-orleans-e-braganca-integra|title=Mariana Godoy receive Dom Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança|publisher=Rede TV!|date=2016-05-27|access-date=2017-04-24|archive-date=18 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418165149/http://www.redetv.uol.com.br/jornalismo/marianagodoyentrevista/videos/programas-na-integra/mariana-godoy-recebe-dom-bertrand-de-orleans-e-braganca-integra|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 22 September 2017 Bertrand participated in the program [[The Noite com Danilo Gentili]], currently the largest talk show in the country, breaking the program's record of audience.<ref name=TheNoite>{{cite web|url =http://www.sbt.com.br/thenoite/fiquepordentro/97102/Danilo-Gentili-recebe-o-principe-Dom-Bertrand-no-The-Noite.html|title = Danilo Gentili recebe o Príncipe Dom Bertrand no The Noite|publisher=SBT|date=2017-09-22 |access-date=2017-11-18}}</ref> Despite the campaign, politically the monarchist movement is still small, with 11% of support among the population, according to a survey.<ref>[http://www.paranapesquisas.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/BROnline_Jun17-Monarquia.pdf Instituto Paraná Pesquisas]</ref>


== Political opinions ==
== Political opinions ==
Bertrand supports typically conservative ideas: he opposes [[same-sex marriage]], favours the [[abortion law|illegality of abortion in all cases]] and is against the [[Indigenous territory (Brazil)|demarcation of indigenous territory in Brazil]].<ref name="BBC April 2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-47728267|date=2019-04-04|publisher=[[BBC Brasil]]|title=Monarquistas ocupam cargos em Brasília e reabilitam grupo católico ultraconservador|trans-title=Monarchists occupy posts in Brasília and rehabilitate ultraconservative Catholic group}}</ref> He has also criticised the [[progressivism]] of [[Pope Francis]], although he does recognize him as the legitimate pope.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}
Bertrand supports typically Traditionalist Catholic ideas: he opposes [[same-sex marriage]], favours the [[abortion law|illegality of abortion]] and is against the [[Indigenous territory (Brazil)|demarcation of indigenous territory]] in Brazil.<ref name="BBC April 2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-47728267|date=2019-04-04|publisher=[[BBC Brasil]]|title=Monarquistas ocupam cargos em Brasília e reabilitam grupo católico ultraconservador|trans-title=Monarchists occupy posts in Brasília and rehabilitate ultraconservative Catholic group}}</ref> He has also criticised the [[progressivism]] of [[Pope Francis]], although he does recognize him as the legitimate pope.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}


He is a [[Climate change denial|climate change denialist]] and published a book entitled "Psicose Ambientalista" ("Environmental Psychosis"), dealing with what he calls "the hoaxes created by [[Radical environmentalism|radical environmentalists]] and by [[eco-terrorists]]".<ref>ORLEANS E BRAGANÇA, D. Bertrand de. [http://www.psicoseambientalista.com.br/ Psicose Ambientalista] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128214747/http://www.psicoseambientalista.com.br/|date=28 November 2012}}. IPCO, 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miguel |first=Jean Carlos Hochsprung |date=2022-04-13 |title=The "mesh" of climate denialism and the obstruction of environmental governmentalization in Brazil |url=http://www.scielo.br/j/se/a/wCDHY4RdNWSBZC5m6Q7fpBx/?lang=pt |journal=Sociedade e Estado |language=pt |volume=37 |pages=293–315 |doi=10.1590/s0102-6992-202237010013 |s2cid=248170487 |issn=0102-6992|doi-access=free }}</ref>
He is a [[climate change denial|climate change denialist]] and has published a book entitled "Psicose Ambientalista" ("Environmentalist [[Psychosis]]"), denouncing with what he calls "the hoaxes created by [[Radical environmentalism|radical environmentalists]] and by [[eco-terrorists]]".<ref>ORLEANS E BRAGANÇA, D. Bertrand de. [http://www.psicoseambientalista.com.br/ Psicose Ambientalista] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128214747/http://www.psicoseambientalista.com.br/|date=28 November 2012}}. IPCO, 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miguel |first=Jean Carlos Hochsprung |date=2022-04-13 |title=The "mesh" of climate denialism and the obstruction of environmental governmentalization in Brazil |journal=Sociedade e Estado |language=pt |volume=37 |pages=293–315 |doi=10.1590/s0102-6992-202237010013 |s2cid=248170487 |issn=0102-6992|doi-access=free }}</ref>


== Honours ==
== Honours ==
As Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family, Bertrand claims the following positions:<ref name="Anuário">Pró-Monarquia. (2022). [https://monarquia.org.br/a-familia-imperial/anuario-da-casa-imperial Anuário da Casa Imperial do Brasil]. São Paulo: Pró-Monarquia, 25.</ref>
As Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family, Bertrand claims the following positions:<ref name="Anuário">Pró-Monarquia. (2022). [https://monarquia.org.br/a-familia-imperial/anuario-da-casa-imperial Anuário da Casa Imperial do Brasil]. São Paulo: Pró-Monarquia, 25.</ref>
* [[File:Imperial Order of Christ (Brasil).gif|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Order of Christ (Brazil)|Imperial Order of Christ]]
* [[File:Imperial Order of Christ (Brasil).gif|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Order of Christ (Brazil)|Imperial Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ]]
* [[File:Imperial Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz (Brazil) - ribbon bar.png|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Order of Aviz (Brazil)|Imperial Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz]]
* [[File:Imperial Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz (Brazil) - ribbon bar.png|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Order of Aviz (Brazil)|Imperial Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz]]
* [[File:PRT Order of Saint James of the Sword - Knight BAR.png|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Imperial Order of Saint James of the Sword]]
* [[File:PRT Order of Saint James of the Sword - Knight BAR.svg|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Imperial Order of Saint James of the Sword]]
* [[File:BRA - Order of the Southern Cross - Knight BAR.svg|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Order of the Southern Cross|Imperial Order of the Southern Cross]]
* [[File:BRA - Order of the Southern Cross - Knight BAR.svg|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Order of the Southern Cross|Imperial Order of the Cross]]
* [[File:Imperial Order of Pedro I.gif|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Order of Pedro I|Imperial Order of Emperor Pedro I]]
* [[File:Imperial Order of Pedro I.gif|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Order of Pedro I|Imperial Order of Emperor Pedro I]]
* [[File:436px ribbon bar of the Order of the Rose (Brazil).svg|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Order of the Rose|Imperial Order of the Rose]]
* [[File:436px ribbon bar of the Order of the Rose (Brazil).svg|50px]] Grand Master and Sovereign of the [[Order of the Rose|Imperial Order of the Rose]]
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* [[File:ESP Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George Justicia BAR.svg|50px]] Bailiff Grand Cross of the [[Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George]]
* [[File:ESP Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George Justicia BAR.svg|50px]] Bailiff Grand Cross of the [[Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George]]
* [[File:PRT Ordem de Nossa Senhora da Conceicao de Vila Vicosa Cavaleiro ribbon.svg|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa]]
* [[File:PRT Ordem de Nossa Senhora da Conceicao de Vila Vicosa Cavaleiro ribbon.svg|50px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa]]
* [[File:Medalha do Pacificador.png|50x50px]] Medal of the Pacifier Duke of Caxias (2009)<ref>[«Nº 27/2009 - Boletim do Exército». http://www.sgex.eb.mil.br] (in Portuguese).</ref>
* [[File:BRA OMJM Gra-Cruz BAR.svg|50x50px]] Grand Cross of the Order of Military Judicial Merit (2009)<ref>[Príncipe D. Bertrand recebe Ordem do Mérito Judiciário Militar https://williamxaviercarvalho.blogspot.com/2009/04/principe-d-bertrand-recebe-ordem-do.html] (in Portuguese).</ref>
* [[File:BRA Ordem do Merito Militar Comendador.png|50x50px]] Commander of the [[Order of Military Merit (Brazil)]] (2013)<ref>[https://www.tjsp.jus.br/Noticias/Noticia?codigoNoticia=17967 Judiciário prestigia comemoração do Dia do Exército] (in Portuguese).</ref>
* [[File:BRA Ordem do Merito Militar Comendador.png|50x50px]] Commander of the [[Order of Military Merit (Brazil)]] (2013)<ref>[https://www.tjsp.jus.br/Noticias/Noticia?codigoNoticia=17967 Judiciário prestigia comemoração do Dia do Exército] (in Portuguese).</ref>
* [[File:MY-PERL Distinguished Conduct Medal - PPT.svg|50x50px]] Medal of Tiradentes (2018)<ref>[«[http://www3.alerj.rj.gov.br/lotus_notes/default.asp?id=9&url=L3NjcHJvMTUxOS5uc2YvMTBkNmQ0NTFiMDBmZDQyYjgzMjU2NmVjMDAxOGQ4MzYvZDE2YmFhYzY4MWY1MmQ3YjgzMjU4Mjk1MDA1MzgyMDk/T3BlbkRvY3VtZW50 Proj. Lei 2015/2019 - Proj. de Resolução]». Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Consultado em 24 de outubro de 2022] (in Portuguese).</ref>
* [[File:IndianEmpire.Order.Ribbon.png|50x50px]] Medal of Honor (Special Class) of the Association of Monarchic Autarchs of Portugal<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://autarcasmonarquicos.com/medalha-de-honra/ |title=Autarcas Monárquicos de Portugal |access-date=2022-04-14 |archive-date=2022-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217141818/https://autarcasmonarquicos.com/medalha-de-honra/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Ancestry==
==Ancestry==
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{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.facebook.com/Dom-Bertrand-1680246322207148/ Dom Bertrand, Facebook.]
* [https://www.facebook.com/Dom-Bertrand-1680246322207148/ Dom Bertrand, Facebook.]
* [http://www.monarquia.org.br/herdeirosdoporvir.html "Herdeiros do Porvir", imperial magazine, number 32, 2013.]
* [http://www.monarquia.org.br/herdeirosdoporvir.html "Herdeiros do Porvir", imperial magazine, number 32, 2013.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112084951/http://monarquia.org.br/herdeirosdoporvir.html |date=12 January 2021 }}
* [https://g1.globo.com/mg/sul-de-minas/noticia/principe-imperial-defende-monarquia-em-mg-e-afirma-que-homossexualidade-e-um-defeito.ghtml "Príncipe imperial defende monarquia em MG e afirma que homossexualidade é um 'defeito'", Sul de Minas EPTV, 2017.]
* [https://g1.globo.com/mg/sul-de-minas/noticia/principe-imperial-defende-monarquia-em-mg-e-afirma-que-homossexualidade-e-um-defeito.ghtml "Príncipe imperial defende monarquia em MG e afirma que homossexualidade é um 'defeito'", Sul de Minas EPTV, 2017.]


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Orléans-Braganza]]|2 February|1941|||[[House of Orléans]]}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Orléans-Braganza]]|2 February|1941|||[[House of Orléans]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Luiz of Orléans-Braganza|Luiz]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Luiz of Orléans-Braganza]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Brazilian Imperial Family|Head of the Imperial House of Brazil]]<br/>(disputed)|years=15 July 2022 – present}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Brazilian Imperial Family|Head of the Imperial House of Brazil]]<br/>(disputed)|years=15 July 2022 – present}}
{{s-inc|heir=[[Rafael de Orleans e Bragança]]}}
{{S-inc}}
|-
|-
{{S-pre|}}
{{S-pre|}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Luiz of Orléans-Braganza|Luiz]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Luiz of Orléans-Braganza]]}}
{{S-tul|title=[[List of Brazilian monarchs|Emperor of Brazil]]|line=One of two pretenders to the Brazilian throne|years=15 July 2022 – present|reason=[[History of Brazil (1889-1930)|Empire abolished in 1889]]}}
{{S-tul|title=[[List of Brazilian monarchs|Emperor of Brazil]]|line=One of two pretenders to the Brazilian throne|years=15 July 2022 – present|reason=[[History of Brazil (1889-1930)|Empire abolished in 1889]]}}
{{s-inc|heir=[[Rafael de Orleans e Bragança]]}}
{{S-inc}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


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[[Category:Heads of the Imperial House of Brazil]]
[[Category:Heads of the Imperial House of Brazil]]
[[Category:Tradition, Family, Property]]
[[Category:Tradition, Family, Property]]
[[Category:Brazilian monarchists]]

Latest revision as of 16:44, 28 December 2024

Bertrand
Bertrand in 2022
Head of the Imperial House of Brazil (disputed)
Tenure15 July 2022 – present
PredecessorLuiz of Orléans-Braganza
Heir presumptiveRafael of Orléans-Braganza
Born (1941-02-02) 2 February 1941 (age 83)
Mandelieu-la-Napoule, Vichy France
Names
Bertrand Maria José Pio Januário Miguel Gabriel Raphael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança
HouseOrléans-Braganza
FatherPedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza
MotherPrincess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza (born 2 February 1941, in Mandelieu-la-Napoule, Vichy France) is the head of the Vassouras branch of the House of Orléans-Braganza and one of two claimants to the defunct Brazilian throne. He succeeded his brother Luiz of Orléans-Braganza to the claim on 15 July 2022. The Vassouras branch claims the throne in opposition to the Petrópolis branch of the Orléans-Braganzas, headed by Pedro Carlos Orléans-Braganza. Although Bertrand and Pedro Carlos respectively were and are great-grandchildren of Princess Isabel (daughter of Emperor D. Pedro II), of the House of Braganza, they disputed leadership over the Brazilian Imperial Family due to a dynastic dispute concerning their fathers, who were cousins.

Born in Mandelieu-la-Napoule, France, the third child of Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza, and Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria. He was the third and last child of the couple to be born abroad, and came to Brazil at the age of four. In Brazil, he graduated in law from the University of São Paulo and became a student of Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira and a devoted member of Tradition, Family and Property and later the Instituto Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira.[1] Prince Bertrand is an avid traditionalist conservative, anticommunist, and outspoken advocate of right-wing Christian policies. Chaste, the Prince succeeded his brother as Head of the Imperial House of Brazil and is the main activist and spokesperson for the restoration of the monarchy, having gained prominence in the national media and, on occasion, in the international media. He is frequently invited by public and private institutions, including the Federal Government, to participate in official events, as well as to participate in monarchic events and meetings and to travel the country campaigning for the monarchy.[2][3]

Although Prince Bertrand and Prince Pedro Carlos are great-grandsons of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, of the House of Braganza, they disputed the leadership of the Brazilian Imperial Family due to a dynastic dispute regarding their parents, who were cousins. A member of the Brazilian Imperial House, Prince Bertrand is closely related to the House of Braganza and the House of Orléans (Orleanist claimants), both through his paternal lineage, and with the House of Wittelsbach, through his maternal lineage. He is the great-grandson of Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil and King Louis III of Bavaria.[4][5][6]

Biography

[edit]

Early life

[edit]
Bertrand (third, from right) with his mother and siblings, 1957

The third son of Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza and Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria, his elder brothers are, in order, Luiz of Orléans-Braganza who claimed to be Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family until 2022 and Eudes of Orléans-Braganza, who renounced his dynastic rights to the Brazilian throne in order to marry a commoner.[citation needed]

As with his two elder brothers, Bertrand was born in southern France, 1941, even though the exile imposed on the family had already been revoked, in 1920, due to the Second World War. He came to Brazil after the end of the conflict.[citation needed]

In Brazil, the family settled first in the Grão-Pará Palace in the state of Rio de Janeiro,[citation needed][dubious – discuss] where he carried out part of his secondary studies in the Jesuit St. Ignatius College. Later his family moved to Paraná, where his father bought a farm and Bertrand spent his childhood. When he was 18 years old, he went to São Paulo, where he achieved a bachelor's degree in Law from the Faculty of Law of the University of São Paulo in 1964. He still lives in São Paulo.[citation needed]

Education and beliefs

[edit]

From a very young age he received Catholic formation, being guided by his father to the taste for the doctrinal study and the analysis of the national and international events. He participated with enthusiasm in the academic banks of the ideological struggles that marked Brazil in the first half of the sixties.[citation needed] His formation was completed with frequent trips to Europe, one of which took place during the entire First Session of the Second Vatican Council, when he took close contact with the Catholic intelligentsia to Rome for the great event. A civil pilot, he is a reservist of the Brazilian Air Force.[citation needed]

Bertrand is a Traditionalist Catholic and a member of Tradition, Family and Property,[7] of traditionalist Catholic inspiration, founded and directed by the intellectual leader Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira until his death. There it diffuses from the catholic and monarchical ideals,[8] seen by him as "distinct and harmonious facets of the same ideal."[This quote needs a citation] His older brother, Luiz, was also part of the organization. After a spin-off occurred in the entity, he and his brother began to collaborate with members linked to the Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira Institute (IPCO) and the Founders' Association.[citation needed]

Besides Portuguese, his native language, Bertrand is fluent in French and Spanish.[citation needed]

Later life

[edit]
Bertrand in 2011

He is not married and has no issue.

Both he and his elder brother, Luiz, were engaged in monarchist proselytism in Brazil.[8] They both played main roles during the campaign for the 1993 plebiscite, which represented the hitherto only real opportunity for a return of the monarchy since the proclamation of the republic, in 1889. In it, the people were asked to choose which form of government (presidential or parliamentary) and which form of state organization (republic or constitutional monarchy) Brazil should have. The monarchist cause was not successful, receiving only 13.4% of the vote.[9][10]

Roles

[edit]

In recent years, Bertrand is coordinator and spokesman of the movement Paz no Campo (Peace in the fields), and has traveled all over Brazil lecturing for farmers and entrepreneurs in defense of private property and free enterprise.[11][12]

As the activist and spokesman of the Brazilian Imperial House for the restoration of the monarchy, Bertrand has gained prominence in the national media and, on some occasions, international media,[13] with the rise and spread of monarchist movements throughout the country.[14] He participates annually in public meetings with monarchists,[15] in addition to attending other meetings and conducting lectures, often at the invitation of private institutions, municipal governments and legislative assemblies, mainly for public events related to Brazil's monarchical past.[16] In 2016 he gave an interview to Mariana Godoy on her program on RedeTV!, gaining notoriety with the general public.[17] On 22 September 2017 Bertrand participated in the program The Noite com Danilo Gentili, currently the largest talk show in the country, breaking the program's record of audience.[18] Despite the campaign, politically the monarchist movement is still small, with 11% of support among the population, according to a survey.[19]

Political opinions

[edit]

Bertrand supports typically Traditionalist Catholic ideas: he opposes same-sex marriage, favours the illegality of abortion and is against the demarcation of indigenous territory in Brazil.[20] He has also criticised the progressivism of Pope Francis, although he does recognize him as the legitimate pope.[citation needed]

He is a climate change denialist and has published a book entitled "Psicose Ambientalista" ("Environmentalist Psychosis"), denouncing with what he calls "the hoaxes created by radical environmentalists and by eco-terrorists".[21][22]

Honours

[edit]

As Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family, Bertrand claims the following positions:[23]

Bertrand has also received other honours:[23]

Ancestry

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Autor: Dom Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança". www.ipco.org.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2 June 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  2. ^ "Bertrand do Brasil". Monarquia Wiki (in Portuguese). 6 February 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  3. ^ "Dom Bertrand » Pró Monarquia". monarquia.org.br. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  4. ^ "Trineto de d. Pedro 2º pede fim do laudêmio e aponta descaso em Petrópolis". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  5. ^ "G1 > Edição São Paulo - NOTÍCIAS - A questão dinástica". g1.globo.com. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  6. ^ "La familia real brasileña defiende los nuevos ideales". www.publico.es. 9 January 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  7. ^ "Bertrand of Orleans-Braganza Visits America Archived 15 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine", TFP.org, 30 April 2001
  8. ^ a b Brooke, James (12 November 1989). "A Sour Anniversary for Brazil's Monarchists". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  9. ^ "1993 Brazilian Plebiscite Archived 1 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine" by Scott Bailey, UCSD
  10. ^ 1993 Human Rights Report Archived 11 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine, US State Department, 31 January 1994
  11. ^ "Blog de D. Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança". Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  12. ^ Paz no campo significa "tolerância zero" com o MST e congêneres. In: Catolicismo Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, May 2007
  13. ^ "New Plan to Fix Brazil's Royal Mess: Restore the Monarchy". The Wall Street Journal. 17 June 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  14. ^ "'República está com dias contados', dizem monarquistas após protestos". BBC. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  15. ^ "Monarchical meeting gather 250 people in Flamengo". O Globo. 10 June 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  16. ^ "Prince Imperial of Brazil visits São Vicente". O Globo. 19 March 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  17. ^ "Mariana Godoy receive Dom Bertrand de Orleans e Bragança". Rede TV!. 27 May 2016. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  18. ^ "Danilo Gentili recebe o Príncipe Dom Bertrand no The Noite". SBT. 22 September 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  19. ^ Instituto Paraná Pesquisas
  20. ^ "Monarquistas ocupam cargos em Brasília e reabilitam grupo católico ultraconservador" [Monarchists occupy posts in Brasília and rehabilitate ultraconservative Catholic group]. BBC Brasil. 4 April 2019.
  21. ^ ORLEANS E BRAGANÇA, D. Bertrand de. Psicose Ambientalista Archived 28 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine. IPCO, 2012.
  22. ^ Miguel, Jean Carlos Hochsprung (13 April 2022). "The "mesh" of climate denialism and the obstruction of environmental governmentalization in Brazil". Sociedade e Estado (in Portuguese). 37: 293–315. doi:10.1590/s0102-6992-202237010013. ISSN 0102-6992. S2CID 248170487.
  23. ^ a b Pró-Monarquia. (2022). Anuário da Casa Imperial do Brasil. São Paulo: Pró-Monarquia, 25.
  24. ^ MARIE, Michelle (2012) (in Portuguese). Cavaleiros na Ordem Eqüestre do Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalém[permanent dead link‍].
  25. ^ [«Nº 27/2009 - Boletim do Exército». http://www.sgex.eb.mil.br] (in Portuguese).
  26. ^ [Príncipe D. Bertrand recebe Ordem do Mérito Judiciário Militar https://williamxaviercarvalho.blogspot.com/2009/04/principe-d-bertrand-recebe-ordem-do.html] (in Portuguese).
  27. ^ Judiciário prestigia comemoração do Dia do Exército (in Portuguese).
  28. ^ [«Proj. Lei 2015/2019 - Proj. de Resolução». Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Consultado em 24 de outubro de 2022] (in Portuguese).
[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bertrand de Orléans e Bragança.
Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza
Cadet branch of the House of Orléans
Born: 2 February 1941
Preceded by Head of the Imperial House of Brazil
(disputed)
15 July 2022 – present 		Incumbent
Heir:
Rafael de Orleans e Bragança
Titles in pretence
Preceded by — TITULAR —
Emperor of Brazil
One of two pretenders to the Brazilian throne
15 July 2022 – present
Reason for succession failure:
Empire abolished in 1889 		Incumbent
Heir:
Rafael de Orleans e Bragança
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