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{{Short description|American politician (1750–1818)}}
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{{For|the U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania|Jared Irwin (Pennsylvania politician)}}
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{{More citations needed|date=July 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2017}}
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{{Infobox officeholder
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{{for|the U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania|Jared Irwin (Pennsylvania)}}
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| name = Jared Irwin
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{{Refimprove|date=July 2014}}
| image = Jared Irwin.jpg
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{{Infobox Governor
| office1 = [[List of Governors of Georgia|Governor of Georgia]]
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|name = Jared Irwin
|image = Jared Irwin.jpg
| term_start1 = January 15, 1796
| term_end1 = January 12, 1798
|order1 =
|office1 = [[List of Governors of Georgia|Governor of Georgia]]
| predecessor1 = [[George Mathews (Georgia)|George Mathews]]
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| successor1 = [[James Jackson (Georgia politician)|James Jackson]]
|term_start1 = January 15, 1796
|term_end1 = January 12, 1798
| term_start2 = September 23, 1806
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| term_end2 = November 10, 1809
|predecessor1 = [[George Mathews (Georgia)|George Mathews]]
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| predecessor2 = [[John Milledge]]
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|successor1 = [[James Jackson (Georgia politician)|James Jackson]]
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| successor2 = [[David Brydie Mitchell|David B. Mitchell]]
|term_start2 = September 23, 1806
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| birth_date = {{birth year|1750}}<!-- True birth date has been lost to history - "January 1" date from National Governors Association is only used as a placeholder birthday -->
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|term_end2 = November 10, 1809
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| birth_place = [[Anson County, North Carolina|Anson County]], [[Province of North Carolina|North Carolina]]<br/><small>(now [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]])</small>
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|predecessor2 = [[John Milledge]]
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| death_date = {{death date and given age|1818|3|1|67–68}}
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|successor2 = [[David Brydie Mitchell|David B. Mitchell]]
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| death_place = [[Washington County, Georgia]], [[United States|U.S.]]
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|birth_date = {{birth year|1750}}<!-- True birth date has been lost to history - "January 1" date from National Governors Association is only used as a placeholder birthday -->
| party = [[Democratic-Republican]]
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|birth_place = [[Anson County, North Carolina]]<br/><small>(now [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]])</small>
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| spouse =
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|death_date = {{death date and given age|1818|3|1|67–68}}
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| profession =
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|death_place = [[Washington County, Georgia]]
| signature = Signature of Jared Irwin (1750–1818).png
|party =
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|spouse =
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|profession =
|religion =
|signature =
}}
}}
'''Jared Irwin''' (1750 – March 1, 1818) served twice as elected [[List of Governors of Georgia|Governor of Georgia]] (1796–1798) and (1806–1809). He first was elected to office as a reformer based on public outrage about the [[Yazoo land scandal]]. He signed a bill that nullified the Yazoo Act, which had authorized the land sales. Challenges to land claims purchased under the former act led to the [[United States Supreme Court]]'s hearing the case ''[[Fletcher v. Peck]]'' (1810). In a landmark decision, the Court upheld the [[land contract]]s, and ruled that the state law was unconstitutional in trying to [[wikt:nullify|nullify]] valid contracts.
'''Jared Irwin''' (1750 – March 1, 1818) served twice as elected [[List of Governors of Georgia|Governor of Georgia]] (1796–1798) and (1806–1809). He first was elected to office as a reformer based on public outrage about the [[Yazoo land scandal]]. He signed a bill that nullified the Yazoo Act, which had authorized the land sales. Challenges to land claims purchased under the former act led to the [[United States Supreme Court]]'s hearing the case ''[[Fletcher v. Peck]]'' (1810). In a landmark decision, the Court upheld the [[land contract]]s, and ruled that the state law was unconstitutional in trying to [[wikt:nullify|nullify]] valid contracts.


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Jared Irwin was born in 1750 in what was then [[Anson County, North Carolina]] (his birthplace is now located in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina|Mecklenburg County]], which was formed out of the western portion of Anson County in 1762). His family moved to [[Burke County, Georgia]] when he was young.
Jared Irwin was born in 1750 in what was then [[Anson County, North Carolina]]. (His birthplace is now located in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina|Mecklenburg County]], which was formed from the western portion of Anson County in 1762.) His family moved to [[Burke County, Georgia]] when he was young.


==Career==
==Career==
Irwin fought in the [[American Revolution]], in which he entered the army as a private. During the war, he demonstrated leadership and was promoted to the rank of colonel.
Irwin fought in the [[American Revolution]], in which he entered the army as a private. During the war, he demonstrated leadership and was promoted to the rank of colonel.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Irwin |first1=Jared |title=Letter, 1789 Oct. 12, Washington County, [Georgia] to George Walton, [Governor of Georgia], A[u]gusta, [Georgia] / Colo[nel] Jared Irwin |url=https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_zlna_cmt005 |publisher=Digital Library of Georgia |access-date=17 October 2019}}</ref>


He was a member of the state convention that adopted the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] of 1789.
He was a member of the state convention that adopted the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] of 1789.


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In September 1794, 1,200 Georgia militiamen, led by General Irwin acting in conjunction with federal troops stationed on the [[Oconee River|Oconee]], surrounded and isolated General [[Elijah Clarke]]'s fortifications on the Oconee called the [[Trans-Oconee Republic]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kokomoor |first1=Kevin |date=November 2015 |title=Creeks, Federalists, and the Idea of Coexistence in the Early Republic |url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=110844853&site=eds-live&scope=site |journal=Journal of Southern History |volume=81 |issue=4 |page=830 |access-date=June 10, 2016}}</ref> After some negotiation, Clarke agreed to surrender, provided that he and his men would not face prosecution for their actions. Clarke and his followers departed, and the militia burned down the new settlements and fortifications.
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Soon after the end of the war, Georgia and other states rapidly tried to develop their frontier lands. It was an environment ripe for scandal and speculation, which took place in Georgia and other states. Because of public outrage about millions of acres of state lands' being sold for low prices to insider speculators, Irwin was elected Governor in 1795 to clean up the [[Yazoo land scandal]]. On February 13, 1796, less than two months after taking office, Irwin signed the bill nullifying the Yazoo Act. To make a public statement, he burned a copy of the Yazoo Act on the grounds of the capital.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Warren|first1=C. H.|title="Burning of the Yazoo Act," 1914|url=http://georgiahistory.pastperfect-online.com/37659cgi/mweb.exe?request=image&hex=MS+1675010101.JPG|publisher=Georgia Historical Society|accessdate=June 9, 2016}}</ref> The legislature had just moved the capital to [[Louisville, Georgia|Louisville]] in response to the scandal.


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Soon after the end of the war, Georgia and other states rapidly tried to develop their frontier lands. It was an environment ripe for scandal and speculation, which took place in Georgia and other states. Because of public outrage about millions of acres of state lands' being sold for low prices to insider speculators, Irwin was elected Governor in 1795 to clean up the [[Yazoo land scandal]]. On February 13, 1796, less than two months after taking office, Irwin signed the bill nullifying the Yazoo Act. To make a public statement, he burned a copy of the Yazoo Act on the grounds of the capital.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Warren|first1=C. H.|title="Burning of the Yazoo Act," 1914|url=http://georgiahistory.pastperfect-online.com/37659cgi/mweb.exe?request=image&hex=MS+1675010101.JPG|publisher=Georgia Historical Society|access-date=June 9, 2016}}</ref> The legislature had just moved the capital to [[Louisville, Georgia|Louisville]] in response to the scandal.
During his second term, Irwin administered the state's second [[Georgia Land Lottery|land lottery]], as land sales and development were still a priority for the state.


During his second term, Irwin administered the state's second [[Georgia Land Lottery|land lottery]], as land sales and development were still a priority for the state. He was defeated for re-election in 1809 by [[David Brydie Mitchell]], a judge who was a former state legislator and mayor of Savannah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Campaigns - GA Governor Race - Nov 14, 1809 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=990598 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Rohrer |first1=Katherine E. |title=David B. Mitchell (1766-1837) |url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/david-b-mitchell-1766-1837 |access-date=May 18, 2016 |website=New Georgia Encyclopedia}}</ref> Irwin also unsuccessfully ran for governor in 1793, 1801, and 1811.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Campaigns - GA Governor Race - Nov 06, 1793 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=836035 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Campaigns - GA Governor Race - Nov 06, 1801 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=836050 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Campaigns - GA Governor Race - Nov 10, 1811 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=990599 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref>
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In September 1794, 1,200 Georgia militiamen, led by General Irwin acting in conjunction with federal troops stationed on the [[Oconee River|Oconee]], surrounded and isolated General [[Elijah Clarke]]'s fortifications on the Oconee called the [[Trans-Oconee Republic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kokomoor|first1=Kevin|title=Creeks, Federalists, and the Idea of Coexistence in the Early Republic|journal=Journal of Southern History|date=November 2015|volume=81|issue=4|page=830|url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=110844853&site=eds-live&scope=site|accessdate=June 10, 2016}}</ref> After some negotiation, Clarke agreed to surrender, provided that he and his men would not face prosecution for their actions. Clarke and his followers departed, and the militia burned down the new settlements and fortifications.


Irwin died on March 1, 1818, aged approximately 68 years. A resident of [[Washington County, Georgia|Washington County]], Irwin was buried near [[Ohoopee Baptist Church]].
Irwin died on March 1, 1818, aged approximately 68 years. A resident of [[Washington County, Georgia|Washington County]], Irwin was buried near [[Ohoopee Baptist Church]].


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
* The towns of [[Irwinville, Georgia|Irwinville]] and [[Irwinton, Georgia|Irwinton]], and the county of [[Irwin County, Georgia|Irwin]]<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA166#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=166}}</ref> were named after him.
* The towns of [[Irwinville, Georgia|Irwinville]] and [[Irwinton, Georgia|Irwinton]], and the county of [[Irwin County, Georgia|Irwin]]<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n155 166]}}</ref> were named after him.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/tdgh-mar/mar01.htm Obituary]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051201193734/http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/tdgh-mar/mar01.htm Obituary]
*{{Find a Grave|7958438}}
*{{Find a Grave|7958438}}
*[http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/irwin.html The Political Graveyard]
*[http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/irwin.html The Political Graveyard]


{{Governors of Georgia}}
{{Governors of Georgia}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Irwin, Jared}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Irwin, Jared}}
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[[Category:People from Burke County, Georgia]]
[[Category:People from Burke County, Georgia]]
[[Category:People from Washington County, Georgia]]
[[Category:People from Washington County, Georgia]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 1793 United States elections]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 1801 United States elections]]

Latest revision as of 19:04, 28 December 2024

For the U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania, see Jared Irwin (Pennsylvania politician).

Jared Irwin
Governor of Georgia
In office
January 15, 1796 – January 12, 1798
Preceded byGeorge Mathews
Succeeded byJames Jackson
In office
September 23, 1806 – November 10, 1809
Preceded byJohn Milledge
Succeeded byDavid B. Mitchell
Personal details
Born1750 (1750)
Anson County, North Carolina
(now Mecklenburg County, North Carolina)
Died (aged 67–68)
Washington County, Georgia, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic-Republican
Signature

Jared Irwin (1750 – March 1, 1818) served twice as elected Governor of Georgia (1796–1798) and (1806–1809). He first was elected to office as a reformer based on public outrage about the Yazoo land scandal. He signed a bill that nullified the Yazoo Act, which had authorized the land sales. Challenges to land claims purchased under the former act led to the United States Supreme Court's hearing the case Fletcher v. Peck (1810). In a landmark decision, the Court upheld the land contracts, and ruled that the state law was unconstitutional in trying to nullify valid contracts.

Early life and education

[edit]

Jared Irwin was born in 1750 in what was then Anson County, North Carolina. (His birthplace is now located in Mecklenburg County, which was formed from the western portion of Anson County in 1762.) His family moved to Burke County, Georgia when he was young.

Career

[edit]

Irwin fought in the American Revolution, in which he entered the army as a private. During the war, he demonstrated leadership and was promoted to the rank of colonel.[1]

He was a member of the state convention that adopted the Constitution of 1789.

In September 1794, 1,200 Georgia militiamen, led by General Irwin acting in conjunction with federal troops stationed on the Oconee, surrounded and isolated General Elijah Clarke's fortifications on the Oconee called the Trans-Oconee Republic.[2] After some negotiation, Clarke agreed to surrender, provided that he and his men would not face prosecution for their actions. Clarke and his followers departed, and the militia burned down the new settlements and fortifications.

Soon after the end of the war, Georgia and other states rapidly tried to develop their frontier lands. It was an environment ripe for scandal and speculation, which took place in Georgia and other states. Because of public outrage about millions of acres of state lands' being sold for low prices to insider speculators, Irwin was elected Governor in 1795 to clean up the Yazoo land scandal. On February 13, 1796, less than two months after taking office, Irwin signed the bill nullifying the Yazoo Act. To make a public statement, he burned a copy of the Yazoo Act on the grounds of the capital.[3] The legislature had just moved the capital to Louisville in response to the scandal.

During his second term, Irwin administered the state's second land lottery, as land sales and development were still a priority for the state. He was defeated for re-election in 1809 by David Brydie Mitchell, a judge who was a former state legislator and mayor of Savannah.[4][5] Irwin also unsuccessfully ran for governor in 1793, 1801, and 1811.[6][7][8]

Irwin died on March 1, 1818, aged approximately 68 years. A resident of Washington County, Irwin was buried near Ohoopee Baptist Church.

Legacy

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Irwin, Jared. "Letter, 1789 Oct. 12, Washington County, [Georgia] to George Walton, [Governor of Georgia], A[u]gusta, [Georgia] / Colo[nel] Jared Irwin". Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  2. ^ Kokomoor, Kevin (November 2015). "Creeks, Federalists, and the Idea of Coexistence in the Early Republic". Journal of Southern History. 81 (4): 830. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  3. ^ Warren, C. H. ""Burning of the Yazoo Act," 1914". Georgia Historical Society. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
  4. ^ "Our Campaigns - GA Governor Race - Nov 14, 1809". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 28, 2024.
  5. ^ Rohrer, Katherine E. "David B. Mitchell (1766-1837)". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  6. ^ "Our Campaigns - GA Governor Race - Nov 06, 1793". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 28, 2024.
  7. ^ "Our Campaigns - GA Governor Race - Nov 06, 1801". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 28, 2024.
  8. ^ "Our Campaigns - GA Governor Race - Nov 10, 1811". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved December 28, 2024.
  9. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 166.
Political offices
Preceded by Governor of Georgia
1796–1798 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor of Georgia
1806–1809 		Succeeded by
[edit]
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