John Dory: Difference between revisions
Archon 2488 (talk | contribs) m →Habitat: add convert template |
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| (21 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Species of fish}} |
{{Short description|Species of fish}} |
||
{{ |
{{About|the type of fish|the folk song of the same name|John Dory (song)}} |
||
{{more citations needed|date=June 2024}} |
|||
{{Speciesbox |
{{Speciesbox |
||
| name = John Dory |
| name = John Dory |
||
| Line 28: | Line 29: | ||
| range_map_caption = |
| range_map_caption = |
||
}} |
}} |
||
| ⚫ | '''John Dory''', '''St Pierre''', or '''Peter's fish''', refers to fish of the genus ''Zeus'', especially ''Zeus faber'', of widespread distribution. It is an edible [[demersal]] coastal marine fish with a laterally compressed olive-yellow body which has a large dark spot, and long spines on the [[dorsal fin]]. Its large eyes at the front of the head provide it with binocular vision and depth perception, which are important for predators. The John Dory's [[Eyespot (mimicry)|eye spot]] on the side of its body also confuses prey, which are scooped up in its large mouth.<ref name="ref1">[http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/coastal-fish/5/1 New Zealand Coastal Fish: John Dory.]</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bray|first1=Dianne|title=John Dory, Zeus faber|url=http://www.fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1492#summary|website=Fishes of Australia|access-date=24 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406175204/http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1492#summary|archive-date=6 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | '''John Dory''', '''St Pierre''' or '''Peter's fish''', refers to fish of the genus ''Zeus'', especially ''Zeus faber'', of widespread distribution. It is an edible [[demersal]] coastal marine fish with a laterally compressed olive-yellow body which has a large dark spot, and long spines on the [[dorsal fin]]. Its large eyes at the front of the head provide it with binocular vision and depth perception, which are important for predators. The John Dory's [[Eyespot (mimicry)|eye spot]] on the side of its body also confuses prey, which are scooped up in its |
||
==Etymology== |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
[[File:Muxumartin hondarribia (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|[[Hondarribia]], [[Spain]]]] |
|||
The name ''dory'' is attested from 1440, derived from the French ''dorée'' 'gilded', a French name for the fish. The addition of "John" appears in 1609, and probably comes from [[John Dory (song)|a 17th-century song]] about a sea captain, John Dory. Etymologies claiming it comes from the French ''jaune dorée'' (meaning "golden yellow") which sounds like 'John Dory' in English, or the Italian ''gianitore'' 'janitor' are now rejected.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/john-dory_n?tab=etymology |title=Oxford English Dictionary |date=2019 |pages= |chapter=s.v. 'John Dory', 'dory'}}</ref> |
|||
A legend says that the dark spot on the fish's flank is St. Peter's thumbprint.<ref>The legend is noticed in Stéphan Reebs, ''Fish Behavior in the Aquarium and in the Wild'' (Cornell 1991:36); Reebs notes that the fish does not occur in the [[Sea of Galilee]], where Peter fished.</ref> In the north coast of Spain, it is known commonly as San Martiño. The [[Māori language]] name for the fish, {{lang|mi|kuparu}}, appears to be unique to New Zealand, as there are no cognates found in other [[Polynesian languages]].<ref name="Secrets">{{cite Q|Q114871191|pp=188-191}}</ref> |
|||
==Name== |
|||
Various, often doubtful explanations are given of the origin of the name. It may be an arbitrary or jocular variation of [[dory (fish)|dory]] (from French ''dorée'', gilded), or an allusion to [[John Dory (song)|John Dory]], the hero of an old ballad. Others suggest that "John" derives from the French ''jaune'', yellow. The novel ''An Antarctic Mystery'' by [[Jules Verne]] gives another account, which has some popularity but is probably fanciful: "The legendary etymology of this piscatorial designation is Janitore, the 'door-keeper,' in allusion to [[St. Peter]], who brought a fish said to be of that species, to Jesus at his command." Other known names for the John Dory are the "St. Pierre", or "Peter's Fish", perhaps explaining why [[dory|dories]] were often referred to as "Peter Boats", Saint Peter being the [[patron saint]] of fishermen.<ref>see 1:Charlotte Mary Yonge, History of Christian names, Volume 1, pg. 359// 2: Abraham Smythe Palmer "Folk Etymology; Verbal Corruptions Or Words Perverted In Form Or Meaning pg. 196// 3.David Badham, Prose halieutics: or, Ancient and modern fish tattle/ 4: American Notes and Queries, Volume 3 pg. 129// and 5: Fraser's Magazine For Town And Country, January To June 1853</ref> A related legend says that the dark spot on the fish's flank is St. Peter's thumbprint.<ref>The legend is noticed in Stéphan Reebs, ''Fish Behavior in the Aquarium and in the Wild'' (Cornell 1991:36); Reebs notes that the fish does not occur in the [[Sea of Galilee]], where Peter fished.</ref> In the north coast of Spain, it is known commonly as San Martiño. |
|||
==Morphology== |
==Morphology== |
||
| ⚫ | The John Dory grows to a maximum size of 65 cm (2 ft) and 5 kg (12 lb) in weight. It has 10 long spines on its dorsal fin and 4 spines on its [[anal fin]]. It has microscopic, sharp scales that run around the body. The fish is an olive green color with a silver white belly and has a dark spot on its side. Its eyes are near the top of its head. It has a flat, round body shape and is a poor swimmer.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |
||
[[File:MacGillivray, William John Dory.jpg|thumb|upright|John Dory, by [[William MacGillivray]], c. 1840]] |
|||
| ⚫ | The John Dory grows to a maximum size of 65 cm (2 ft) and 5 kg (12 lb) in weight. It has 10 long spines on its dorsal fin and 4 spines on its [[anal fin]]. It has microscopic, sharp scales that run around the body. The fish is an olive green color with a silver white belly and has a dark spot on its side. Its eyes are near the top of its head. It has a flat, round body shape and is a poor swimmer. |
||
==Prey and predators== |
==Prey and predators== |
||
[[File:Zeus faber (cría). Sala Maremagnum. Aquarium Finisterrae. MC2.jpg|thumb|Jaws extended|left]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
The John Dory has a high laterally compressed body – its body is so thin it can hardly be seen from the front. The large eyes at the front of the head provide it with the binocular vision and depth perception it needs to catch prey. This [[Eyespot (mimicry)|eye spot]] also confuses prey, which can then be sucked into its mouth.<ref name=teara>Walrond, Carl (2006) [http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/coastal-fish/5/1 Coastal fish - Fish of the open sea floor], ''Te Ara: Encyclopedia of New Zealand''. Accessed 28 May 2019.</ref> |
The John Dory has a high laterally compressed body – its body is so thin it can hardly be seen from the front. The large eyes at the front of the head provide it with the binocular vision and depth perception it needs to catch prey. This [[Eyespot (mimicry)|eye spot]] also confuses prey, which can then be sucked into its mouth.<ref name=teara>Walrond, Carl (2006) [http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/coastal-fish/5/1 Coastal fish - Fish of the open sea floor], ''Te Ara: Encyclopedia of New Zealand''. Accessed 28 May 2019.</ref> |
||
It primarily eats smaller fish, especially schooling fish such as [[sardine]]s. Occasionally it eats [[squid]] and [[cuttlefish]]. |
It primarily eats smaller fish, especially schooling fish such as [[sardine]]s. Occasionally it eats [[squid]] and [[cuttlefish]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |
||
Its main predators are sharks such as the [[dusky shark]], and large bony fish. |
Its main predators are sharks such as the [[dusky shark]], and large bony fish.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} |
||
==Habitat== |
==Habitat== |
||
John Dory are [[Benthopelagic fish|benthopelagic]] [[coastal fish]], found on the coasts of Africa, South East Asia, [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]], the coasts of [[Japan]], and on the coasts of [[Europe]]. They live near the seabed, living in depths from {{convert|5|to|360|m|ft|sigfig=2}}. They are normally solitary. |
John Dory are [[Benthopelagic fish|benthopelagic]] [[coastal fish]], found on the coasts of Africa, South East Asia, [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]], the coasts of [[Japan]], and on the coasts of [[Europe]]. They live near the seabed, living in depths from {{convert|5|to|360|m|ft|sigfig=2}}. They are normally solitary. John Dory are more commonly found in the waters of the [[North Island]] of New Zealand, than the colder waters surrounding the [[South Island]].<ref name="Secrets"/> |
||
==Reproduction and lifespan== |
==Reproduction and lifespan== |
||
{{inline citations needed|section|date=June 2024}} |
|||
When John Dories are |
When John Dories are three or four years of age, they are ready to reproduce. This happens around the end of winter. They are substrate scatterers, which means that they release sperm and eggs into the water to fertilize. Typical lifespan is about 12 years in the wild.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |
||
{{Multiple image |
|||
| image1 = MatoDIygl.jpg |
|||
| image2 = MatoDIygs.jpg |
|||
| footer = Young John Dories |
|||
| width = 200 |
|||
| align = center |
|||
}} |
|||
==As food== |
==As food== |
||
[[File:Le Saint-Pierre de Petit Bateau, Maison Pic, Valence.JPG|thumb|John Dory dish at [[Maison Pic]], [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]], [[France]]]] |
|||
Cookery writer [[Eliza Acton]] in her 1845 book ''[[Modern Cookery for Private Families]]'' observed that John Dory "though of uninviting appearance, is considered by some persons as the most delicious fish that appears at table". She recommends simply baking it "very gently", avoiding it drying out in the oven.<ref>{{cite book |author=Acton, Eliza | url=https://archive.org/details/moderncookeryfo00actogoog | title=Modern Cookery for Private Families | publisher=Longman, Green, Longman, & Roberts | year=1860 | orig-year=1845 |page=[https://archive.org/details/moderncookeryfo00actogoog/page/n125 58]}}</ref> |
|||
John Dory is a popular choice among [[professional chef]]s due to the versatility of the fish, though access to home cooks is limited; the [[bycatch]] fish is not typically sold at supermarkets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.greatbritishchefs.com/how-to-cook/how-to-cook-john-dory|title=How to cook John Dory|work=[[Great British Chefs]]|date=8 December 2014|access-date=22 June 2023|author=Staff}}</ref> |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
||
==Sources== |
==Sources== |
||
| Line 66: | Line 81: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
{{ |
{{EB1911 poster|Dory}} |
||
* {{ |
* {{Commons category-inline|Zeus faber|''Zeus faber''}} |
||
* Article on the British Sea Fishing forum: http://britishseafishing.co.uk/john-dory/ |
* Article on the British Sea Fishing forum: http://britishseafishing.co.uk/john-dory/ |
||
* {{ |
* {{SealifePhotos|127427}} |
||
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7045}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7045}} |
||
{{Authority control}} |
|||
[[Category:Zeus (fish)]] |
[[Category:Zeus (fish)]] |
||
Latest revision as of 01:45, 29 December 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2024) |
| John Dory Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Zeus faber | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Zeiformes |
| Family: | Zeidae |
| Genus: | Zeus |
| Species: | Z. faber
|
| Binomial name | |
| Zeus faber | |
John Dory, St Pierre, or Peter's fish, refers to fish of the genus Zeus, especially Zeus faber, of widespread distribution. It is an edible demersal coastal marine fish with a laterally compressed olive-yellow body which has a large dark spot, and long spines on the dorsal fin. Its large eyes at the front of the head provide it with binocular vision and depth perception, which are important for predators. The John Dory's eye spot on the side of its body also confuses prey, which are scooped up in its large mouth.[3][4]
In New Zealand, Māori know it as kuparu, and on the East Coast of the North Island, they gave some to Captain James Cook on his first voyage to New Zealand in 1769. Several casks of them were pickled.[3]
Etymology
[edit].jpg)
The name dory is attested from 1440, derived from the French dorée 'gilded', a French name for the fish. The addition of "John" appears in 1609, and probably comes from a 17th-century song about a sea captain, John Dory. Etymologies claiming it comes from the French jaune dorée (meaning "golden yellow") which sounds like 'John Dory' in English, or the Italian gianitore 'janitor' are now rejected.[5]
A legend says that the dark spot on the fish's flank is St. Peter's thumbprint.[6] In the north coast of Spain, it is known commonly as San Martiño. The Māori language name for the fish, kuparu, appears to be unique to New Zealand, as there are no cognates found in other Polynesian languages.[7]
Morphology
[edit]The John Dory grows to a maximum size of 65 cm (2 ft) and 5 kg (12 lb) in weight. It has 10 long spines on its dorsal fin and 4 spines on its anal fin. It has microscopic, sharp scales that run around the body. The fish is an olive green color with a silver white belly and has a dark spot on its side. Its eyes are near the top of its head. It has a flat, round body shape and is a poor swimmer.[citation needed]
Prey and predators
[edit]._Sala_Maremagnum._Aquarium_Finisterrae._MC2.jpg)
The John Dory catches prey by stalking it, then extending its jaw forward in a tube-like structure to suck the fish in with some water. The water then flows out through the gills; the pre-maxillary bone, the only tooth-bearing bone in this fish, is used to grind the food.
The John Dory has a high laterally compressed body – its body is so thin it can hardly be seen from the front. The large eyes at the front of the head provide it with the binocular vision and depth perception it needs to catch prey. This eye spot also confuses prey, which can then be sucked into its mouth.[8]
It primarily eats smaller fish, especially schooling fish such as sardines. Occasionally it eats squid and cuttlefish.[citation needed]
Its main predators are sharks such as the dusky shark, and large bony fish.[citation needed]
Habitat
[edit]John Dory are benthopelagic coastal fish, found on the coasts of Africa, South East Asia, New Zealand, Australia, the coasts of Japan, and on the coasts of Europe. They live near the seabed, living in depths from 5 to 360 metres (16 to 1,200 ft). They are normally solitary. John Dory are more commonly found in the waters of the North Island of New Zealand, than the colder waters surrounding the South Island.[7]
Reproduction and lifespan
[edit] | This section includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (June 2024) |
When John Dories are three or four years of age, they are ready to reproduce. This happens around the end of winter. They are substrate scatterers, which means that they release sperm and eggs into the water to fertilize. Typical lifespan is about 12 years in the wild.[citation needed]
As food
[edit]
Cookery writer Eliza Acton in her 1845 book Modern Cookery for Private Families observed that John Dory "though of uninviting appearance, is considered by some persons as the most delicious fish that appears at table". She recommends simply baking it "very gently", avoiding it drying out in the oven.[9]
John Dory is a popular choice among professional chefs due to the versatility of the fish, though access to home cooks is limited; the bycatch fish is not typically sold at supermarkets.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
- ^ Iwamoto, T. (2015). "Zeus faber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T198769A42390771. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
- ^ a b New Zealand Coastal Fish: John Dory.
- ^ Bray, Dianne. "John Dory, Zeus faber". Fishes of Australia. Archived from the original on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
- ^ "s.v. 'John Dory', 'dory'". Oxford English Dictionary. 2019.
- ^ The legend is noticed in Stéphan Reebs, Fish Behavior in the Aquarium and in the Wild (Cornell 1991:36); Reebs notes that the fish does not occur in the Sea of Galilee, where Peter fished.
- ^ a b Vennell, Robert (5 October 2022). Secrets of the Sea: The Story of New Zealand's Native Sea Creatures. HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 188–191. ISBN 978-1-77554-179-0. LCCN 2021388548. Wikidata Q114871191.
- ^ Walrond, Carl (2006) Coastal fish - Fish of the open sea floor, Te Ara: Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Accessed 28 May 2019.
- ^ Acton, Eliza (1860) [1845]. Modern Cookery for Private Families. Longman, Green, Longman, & Roberts. p. 58.
- ^ Staff (8 December 2014). "How to cook John Dory". Great British Chefs. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
Sources
[edit]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Dory, John". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Zeus faber at Wikimedia Commons- Article on the British Sea Fishing forum: http://britishseafishing.co.uk/john-dory/
- Photos of John Dory on Sealife Collection
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
