Glans: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Anatomical structure in mammals}} |
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[[Image:glans.jpg|thumb|190px|Exposed glans penis]]The '''glans''' (literally, [[Latin]] for ''[[acorn]]''), also called the [[glans penis]], is a structure internally composed of [[corpus spongiosum]] in males or of [[corpus cavernosa]] and vestibular tissue in females that is located at the tip of [[homology (biology)|homologous]] genital structures involved in sexual arousal. |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}} |
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{{for|the clam genus|Carditidae}} |
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The '''glans''' ({{IPAc-en|g|l|æ|n|z}},<ref>''[[OED]]'' 2nd edition, 1989.</ref><ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/glans Entry "glans"] in ''[http://www.merriam-webster.com/ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary]''.</ref> {{plural form}}: '''glandes''' {{IPAc-en|'|g|l|æ|n|d|i:|z}}; [[etymology|from]] the [[Latin]] word for "[[acorn]]")<ref name=MW>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/glans "glans" at merriam-webster.com]</ref> is a [[Blood vessel|vascular]] structure located at the tip of the [[penis]] in male [[mammal]]s or a [[List of homologues of the human reproductive system|homologous genital structure]] of the [[clitoris]] in female mammals.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Drake |first=Richard Lee |title=Gray's Anatomy for Students |last2=Vogl |first2=Wayne |last3=Mitchell |first3=Adam William Michael |last4=Gray |first4=Henry |date={{date|2015-11-15|DMY}} |publisher=[[Churchill Livingstone]]; [[Elsevier]] |isbn=978-0-7020-5131-9 |edition=3rd |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |publication-date=2015 |page=506 |language=en-US |oclc=881508489 |ol=28520901M}}</ref> |
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==Structure== |
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The glans naturally joins with the inner [[labia]], and the [[frenulum]] of the [[penis]] or [[clitoris]]. In non-technical or sexual discussions, often the word "clitoris" refers to the external glans alone, excluding the prepuce, frenulum, and internal body of the clitoris. |
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{{Multiple images |
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| image2 = Glans Penis of A Human.jpg |
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| alt2 = Human male glans penis |
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| caption2 = Typical human male [[glans penis]], at the end of the penis, showing the [[urinary meatus]] at its tip |
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| image1 = Glans clitoris.jpg |
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| alt1 = Human female glans clitoris |
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| caption1 = Typical human female [[glans clitoridis]], a pea-sized structure between the [[clitoral hood]] and the [[urinary meatus]] |
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| direction = vertical |
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}} |
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The glans naturally joins with the [[frenulum]] of the [[Human penis|penis]] or [[clitoris]], as well as the inner [[Labia (genitalia)|labia]] in women, and the foreskin in men. In non-technical or sexual discussions, often the word "clitoris" refers to the external glans alone, excluding the [[clitoral hood]], [[Clitoris#Frenulum|frenulum]], and internal body of the clitoris.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Puppo |first=Vincenzo |date=2011 |title=Anatomy of the Clitoris: Revision and Clarifications about the Anatomical Terms for the Clitoris Proposed (without Scientific Bases) by Helen O'Connell, Emmanuele Jannini, and Odile Buisson |journal=ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology |language=en |volume=2011 |pages=261464 |doi=10.5402/2011/261464 |issn=2090-4436 |pmc=3175415 |pmid=21941661 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Similarly, phrases "tip" or "head" of the penis refers to the glans alone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What are the parts of the male sexual anatomy? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/health-and-wellness/sexual-and-reproductive-anatomy/what-are-parts-male-sexual-anatomy |website=Planned Parenthood}}</ref> |
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[[sv:Ollon (kroppsdel)]] |
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[[ja:亀頭]] |
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==Sex differences in humans== |
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In females, the clitoris is above the urethra. The glans of the clitoris is the most highly innervated part of the external female genitalia.<ref name="Carroll_Di Marino"> |
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{{harvnb|Carroll|2012|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RY0n2CGS5EcC&pg=PT154 110–111], |
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[https://books.google.com/books?id=RY0n2CGS5EcC&pg=PT296 252]}}; |
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{{harvnb|Di Marino|2014|p=81}} |
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</ref> |
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=={{visible anchor|Sex differences in other mammals|In other mammals}}== |
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In spotted hyenas, the female's [[pseudo-penis]] can be distinguished from the male's penis by its greater thickness and more rounded glans.<ref name="differentiation">Glickman SE, Cunha GR, Drea CM, Conley AJ and Place NJ. (2006). ''[http://courses.washington.edu/pbio509/Glickman_etal.pdf Mammalian sexual differentiation: lessons from the spotted hyena]''. Trends Endocrinol Metab 17:349–356.</ref><ref name="MillsMills1998">{{cite book|author1=M. G. L. Mills|author2=Gus Mills|author3=Heribert Hofer|title=Hyaenas: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aO2gTeLBLZYC&q=spotted+hyena+glans&pg=PA31|access-date=27 January 2013|year=1998|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-0442-5|pages=31–}}</ref><ref name="Theis2008">{{cite book|author=Kevin Robert Theis|title=Scent Marking in a Highly Social Mammalian Species, the Spotted Hyena, Crocuta Crocuta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n987VgJs3CoC&q=spotted+hyena+glans&pg=PA25|access-date=27 January 2013|year=2008|isbn=978-1-109-03595-7|pages=25–|publisher=Michigan State University. Zoology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Truth About Hyaenas: debunking hyaena myths |url=http://www.hyaenidae.org/hyena-myths.html |url-status=dead |access-date={{date|2014-05-02|DMY}} |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415002728/http://www.hyaenidae.org/hyena-myths.html |archive-date=15 April 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In both male and female spotted hyenas, the base of the glans is covered with [[penile spines]].<ref name="Ewer1973">{{cite book|author=R. F. Ewer|title=The Carnivores|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IETMd3-lSlkC&q=crocuta+spines|access-date=9 January 2013|year=1973|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-8493-3}}</ref><ref name="Estes1991">{{cite book|author=Richard Estes|title=The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0520080858|url-access=registration|quote=glans spines.|access-date=9 January 2013|year=1991|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-08085-0}}</ref><ref name="Blackledge2003">{{cite book|author=Catherine Blackledge|title=The Story of V: A Natural History of Female Sexuality|url=https://archive.org/details/storyofv00cath|url-access=registration|quote=glans spines hyena.|access-date=9 January 2013|year=2003|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-3455-8}}</ref> |
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==Development== |
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In the [[development of the urinary and reproductive organs]], the glans is derived from the [[genital tubercle]]. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Glanuloplasty]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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===Works cited=== |
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* {{cite book |last=Carroll |first=Janell L. |title=Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RY0n2CGS5EcC&pg=PP1 |isbn=978-1-111-83581-1}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Di Marino |first=Vincent |title=Anatomic Study of the Clitoris and the Bulbo-Clitoral Organ |publisher=Springer |year=2014 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKMpBAAAQBAJ&q=gbs_navlinks_s |isbn=978-3-319-04894-9}} |
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[[Category:Sexual anatomy]] |
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{{sex-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 03:06, 29 December 2024
The glans (/ɡlænz/,[1][2] pl.: glandes /ˈɡlændiːz/; from the Latin word for "acorn")[3] is a vascular structure located at the tip of the penis in male mammals or a homologous genital structure of the clitoris in female mammals.[4]
Structure
[edit]
Typical human female glans clitoridis, a pea-sized structure between the clitoral hood and the urinary meatus
Typical human male glans penis, at the end of the penis, showing the urinary meatus at its tip
The exterior structure of the glans consists of mucous membrane, which is usually covered by foreskin or clitoral hood in naturally developed genitalia. This covering, called the prepuce, is normally retractable in adulthood unless removed by circumcision.
The glans naturally joins with the frenulum of the penis or clitoris, as well as the inner labia in women, and the foreskin in men. In non-technical or sexual discussions, often the word "clitoris" refers to the external glans alone, excluding the clitoral hood, frenulum, and internal body of the clitoris.[5] Similarly, phrases "tip" or "head" of the penis refers to the glans alone.[6]
Sex differences in humans
[edit]In males, the glans is known as the glans penis, while in females the glans is known as the clitoral glans.
In females, the clitoris is above the urethra. The glans of the clitoris is the most highly innervated part of the external female genitalia.[7]
Sex differences in other mammals
[edit]In spotted hyenas, the female's pseudo-penis can be distinguished from the male's penis by its greater thickness and more rounded glans.[8][9][10][11] In both male and female spotted hyenas, the base of the glans is covered with penile spines.[12][13][14]
Development
[edit]In the development of the urinary and reproductive organs, the glans is derived from the genital tubercle.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ OED 2nd edition, 1989.
- ^ Entry "glans" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
- ^ "glans" at merriam-webster.com
- ^ Drake, Richard Lee; Vogl, Wayne; Mitchell, Adam William Michael; Gray, Henry (15 November 2015). Gray's Anatomy for Students (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Churchill Livingstone; Elsevier (published 2015). p. 506. ISBN 978-0-7020-5131-9. OCLC 881508489. OL 28520901M.
- ^ Puppo, Vincenzo (2011). "Anatomy of the Clitoris: Revision and Clarifications about the Anatomical Terms for the Clitoris Proposed (without Scientific Bases) by Helen O'Connell, Emmanuele Jannini, and Odile Buisson". ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2011: 261464. doi:10.5402/2011/261464. ISSN 2090-4436. PMC 3175415. PMID 21941661.
- ^ "What are the parts of the male sexual anatomy?". Planned Parenthood.
- ^ Carroll 2012, pp. 110–111, 252; Di Marino 2014, p. 81
- ^ Glickman SE, Cunha GR, Drea CM, Conley AJ and Place NJ. (2006). Mammalian sexual differentiation: lessons from the spotted hyena. Trends Endocrinol Metab 17:349–356.
- ^ M. G. L. Mills; Gus Mills; Heribert Hofer (1998). Hyaenas: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN. pp. 31–. ISBN 978-2-8317-0442-5. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ Kevin Robert Theis (2008). Scent Marking in a Highly Social Mammalian Species, the Spotted Hyena, Crocuta Crocuta. Michigan State University. Zoology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior. pp. 25–. ISBN 978-1-109-03595-7. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ "The Truth About Hyaenas: debunking hyaena myths". Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
- ^ R. F. Ewer (1973). The Carnivores. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8493-3. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
- ^ Richard Estes (1991). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08085-0. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
glans spines.
- ^ Catherine Blackledge (2003). The Story of V: A Natural History of Female Sexuality. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-3455-8. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
glans spines hyena.
Works cited
[edit]- Carroll, Janell L. (2012). Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-111-83581-1.
- Di Marino, Vincent (2014). Anatomic Study of the Clitoris and the Bulbo-Clitoral Organ. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-04894-9.
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