Jump to content

Linglinghua: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(23 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Mixed Mandarin–Miao dialect of Guangxi, China}}
{{infobox language
{{infobox language
|name=Lingling
|name=Lingling
Line 9: Line 10:
|ref={{cn|date=August 2013}}
|ref={{cn|date=August 2013}}
|familycolor=mixed
|familycolor=mixed
|family=[[mixed language|mixed]] [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]–[[Miao languages|Miao]]
|family=[[mixed language|mixed]] [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]–[[Miao languages|Miao]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2024|reason=Where does Mandarin come from?}}
|iso3=none
|iso3=none
|glotto=none
|glotto=none
}}
}}


'''Lingling''' (Chinese: '''Ling hua''' 伶话 ''línghuà'' or '''Lingling hua'''; Lingling: ''{{IPA|liŋ˥ va˧}}'') is an unclassified mixed [[Chinese languages|Chinese dialect]]. It is spoken by 20,000 ethnic [[Miao people|Miao]] in [[Longsheng]] County, [[Guangxi]]. It is only spoken within the community; with outsiders, [[Southwestern Mandarin]] is spoken.
'''Lingling''' (Chinese: '''Linghua''' 伶话 ''Línghuà'' or '''Lingling hua'''; Lingling: ''{{IPA|liŋ55 va33}}'') is an unclassified mixed [[Chinese language|Chinese]] dialect. It is spoken by 20,000 ethnic [[Miao people|Miao]] in [[Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County|Longsheng]] County, [[Guangxi]]. It is only spoken within the community; with outsiders, [[Southwestern Mandarin]] is spoken.


He (2009) covers the Linghua dialect of Taiping 太平村, Pingdeng Township 平等乡, Longsheng County, Guangxi.
He (2009) covers the Linghua dialect of Taiping (太平村), Pingdeng Township (平等乡), Longsheng County, Guangxi.

A description of the Taipingtang 太平塘村 dialect of Linghua can be found in Wang (2014).<ref name="Wang2014">{{cite book|last=Wang|first=Fushi 王辅世|chapter=Guangxi Longsheng Linghua jilüe 广西龙胜伶话记略|title=Wang Fushi yuyan yanjiu wenji 王辅世语言研究文集|location=Beijing|date=2014|publisher=Social Sciences Academic Press (China)|isbn=978-7-5097-5966-0}} (Originally published in ''Fangyan 方言'' 1979(2):137-141; 1979(3):231-240)</ref>

==Phonology==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants<ref name="Wang2014" />
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |[[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" |[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-palatal]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
!<small>plain</small>
![[Lateral consonant|<small>lateral</small>]]
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Plosive]]/[[Affricate]]
!<small>plain</small>
| p || t || tɬ || tʂ || tɕ || k
|-
![[Aspirated consonant|<small>aspirated</small>]]
| pʰ || tʰ || tɬʰ || tʂʰ || tɕʰ || kʰ
|-
![[Voice (phonetics)|<small>voiced</small>]]
| b || d || dl || || dʑ || g
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| m || n || || || || ŋ
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Fricative]]
| f || s || || || ɕ ||
|-
| || || ɬ || || || h
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant]]
| w || || l || || ||
|}

=== Vowels ===
/i, a, ɔ, u, y, ə/
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Tones
! Tone category !! Tone value
|-
| A1 || 55
|-
| A2 || 22
|-
| B1 || 33
|-
| B2 || 44
|-
| C || 44
|-
| D || 22
|}

==Vocabulary==
This section lists sample vocabulary in Linghua from Wang (2014). Translated English glosses have also been provided.<ref name="Wang2014"/>

===Pronouns===
{| class="wikitable"
! !! sg. !! pl.
|-
! 1st person
| ŋa³³ || ŋai³³
|-
! 2nd person
| ŋ̩³³ || ŋ̩³³liɛ⁵⁵
|-
! 3rd person
| tʰa⁵⁵, i⁵⁵ || i⁵⁵liɛ⁵⁵
|}

===Numerals===
{| class="wikitable"
! Numeral !! Linghua
|-
| 1
| i²²
|-
| 2
| ni⁴⁴
|-
| 3
| ɬa⁵⁵
|-
| 4
| ɬi⁴⁴
|-
| 5
| ŋ̩³³
|-
| 6
| liu²²
|-
| 7
| tɬʰi²²
|-
| 8
| pia²²
|-
| 9
| tɕiu³³
|-
| 10
| dl̩²²
|}

===Nature===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Chinese gloss !! English gloss !! Linghua
|-
| 天 || sky || tʰiɛ⁵⁵
|-
| 太阳 || sun || ni²²dau²²/⁵⁵
|-
| 月亮 || moon || wei²²liɔ⁴⁴
|-
| 星星 || star || ɬiɛ⁵⁵liɛ³³
|-
| 云 || cloud || uŋ²²wu⁴⁴
|-
| 雨 || rain || u³³
|-
| 风 || wind || puŋ⁵⁵
|-
| 山 || mountain || ɬai⁵⁵
|-
| 田 || field || diɛ²²
|}

===Body parts===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Chinese gloss !! English gloss !! Linghua
|-
| 头 || head || dau²²
|-
| 头发 || hair (of head) || dau²²pei²²/⁵⁵
|-
| 脸 || face || miɛ⁴⁴
|-
| 耳朵 || ear || niɛ³³tɔ³³
|-
| 眼睛 || eye || ŋai³³tɬiɛ⁵⁵
|-
| 鼻子 || nose || bi²²haŋ³³
|-
| 嘴 || mouth || hau³³
|-
| 舌头 || tongue || iɛ²²liɛ³³
|-
| 牙齿 || tooth || ŋa²²tɬʰl̩³³
|-
| 脖子 || neck || tɕiɛ³³kuai³³
|-
| 肩 || shoulder || kai⁵⁵dau²²
|-
| 脊背 || back || pei⁴⁴
|-
| 手 || hand || ɕiu³³
|-
| 脚 || leg, foot || tɕiɔ²²
|-
| 心 || heart || ɬiŋ⁵⁵
|-
| 肉 || meat, flesh || nai⁴⁴
|-
| 皮 || skin || bi²²
|-
| 骨头 || bone || gy³³
|-
| 左 || left (side) || tɬɔ³³
|-
| 右 || right (side) || iu⁴⁴
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
*He Danpeng [何丹鵬]. 2009. [http://etheses.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/servlet/list?action=abstract_tab&barcode=004668330 廣西龍勝伶話語音的歷史層次研究] [''Study of the Longsheng (Guangxi) Linghua phonology and its historical strata'']. Ph.D. dissertation. City University of Hong Kong.
*He Danpeng [何丹鵬]. 2009. [https://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/tc/item/cuhk-326973 廣西龍勝伶話語音的歷史層次研究] [''Study of the Longsheng (Guangxi) Linghua phonology and its historical strata'']. Ph.D. dissertation. City University of Hong Kong.
*''Ming studies'', 34–35:55, University of Minnesota, 1995
*''Ming studies'', 34–35:55, University of Minnesota, 1990


[[Category:Chinese-based pidgins and creoles]]
[[Category:Chinese-based pidgins and creoles]]
[[Category:Languages of China]]
[[Category:Languages of Guangxi]]
[[Category:Hmongic languages]]
[[Category:Hmongic languages]]
[[Category:Mixed languages]]
[[Category:Mixed languages]]


{{Hmong-Mien languages}}
{{Hmong-Mien languages}}
{{Languages of China}}
{{St-lang-stub}}

Latest revision as of 09:17, 29 December 2024

Lingling
Linghua
Native toChina
RegionGuangxi
EthnicityMiao
Native speakers
(20,000 cited 1991)[citation needed]
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
GlottologNone

Lingling (Chinese: Linghua 伶话 Línghuà or Lingling hua; Lingling: liŋ55 va33) is an unclassified mixed Chinese dialect. It is spoken by 20,000 ethnic Miao in Longsheng County, Guangxi. It is only spoken within the community; with outsiders, Southwestern Mandarin is spoken.

He (2009) covers the Linghua dialect of Taiping (太平村), Pingdeng Township (平等乡), Longsheng County, Guangxi.

A description of the Taipingtang 太平塘村 dialect of Linghua can be found in Wang (2014).[1]

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
Consonants[1]
Labial Alveolar Retroflex Alveolo-palatal Velar
plain lateral
Plosive/Affricate plain p t tɬ tʂ tɕ k
aspirated pʰ tʰ tɬʰ tʂʰ tɕʰ kʰ
voiced b d dl dʑ g
Nasal m n ŋ
Fricative f s ɕ
ɬ h
Approximant w l

Vowels

[edit]

/i, a, ɔ, u, y, ə/

Tones
Tone category Tone value
A1 55
A2 22
B1 33
B2 44
C 44
D 22

Vocabulary

[edit]

This section lists sample vocabulary in Linghua from Wang (2014). Translated English glosses have also been provided.[1]

Pronouns

[edit]
sg. pl.
1st person ŋa³³ ŋai³³
2nd person ŋ̩³³ ŋ̩³³liɛ⁵⁵
3rd person tʰa⁵⁵, i⁵⁵ i⁵⁵liɛ⁵⁵

Numerals

[edit]
Numeral Linghua
1 i²²
2 ni⁴⁴
3 ɬa⁵⁵
4 ɬi⁴⁴
5 ŋ̩³³
6 liu²²
7 tɬʰi²²
8 pia²²
9 tɕiu³³
10 dl̩²²

Nature

[edit]
Chinese gloss English gloss Linghua
天 sky tʰiɛ⁵⁵
太阳 sun ni²²dau²²/⁵⁵
月亮 moon wei²²liɔ⁴⁴
星星 star ɬiɛ⁵⁵liɛ³³
云 cloud uŋ²²wu⁴⁴
雨 rain u³³
风 wind puŋ⁵⁵
山 mountain ɬai⁵⁵
田 field diɛ²²

Body parts

[edit]
Chinese gloss English gloss Linghua
头 head dau²²
头发 hair (of head) dau²²pei²²/⁵⁵
脸 face miɛ⁴⁴
耳朵 ear niɛ³³tɔ³³
眼睛 eye ŋai³³tɬiɛ⁵⁵
鼻子 nose bi²²haŋ³³
嘴 mouth hau³³
舌头 tongue iɛ²²liɛ³³
牙齿 tooth ŋa²²tɬʰl̩³³
脖子 neck tɕiɛ³³kuai³³
肩 shoulder kai⁵⁵dau²²
脊背 back pei⁴⁴
手 hand ɕiu³³
脚 leg, foot tɕiɔ²²
心 heart ɬiŋ⁵⁵
肉 meat, flesh nai⁴⁴
皮 skin bi²²
骨头 bone gy³³
左 left (side) tɬɔ³³
右 right (side) iu⁴⁴

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Wang, Fushi 王辅世 (2014). "Guangxi Longsheng Linghua jilüe 广西龙胜伶话记略". Wang Fushi yuyan yanjiu wenji 王辅世语言研究文集. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (China). ISBN 978-7-5097-5966-0. (Originally published in Fangyan 方言 1979(2):137-141; 1979(3):231-240)
  • He Danpeng [何丹鵬]. 2009. 廣西龍勝伶話語音的歷史層次研究 [Study of the Longsheng (Guangxi) Linghua phonology and its historical strata]. Ph.D. dissertation. City University of Hong Kong.
  • Ming studies, 34–35:55, University of Minnesota, 1990
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Linglinghua&oldid=1265935930"