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{{Short description|Participant in October Revolution}}
Born: 13.4.1896, Grabovac, [[Dalmatia]], [[Croatia]] (a part of [[Austrian-Hungarian Empire]] at the time).
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Toma Aleksa Dundić
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Aleksa Dundić.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1896|04|13}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1920|07|08|1896|04|13}}
| birth_place = [[Grabovac (Šestanovac)|Grabovac]], [[Kingdom of Dalmatia]], [[Austria-Hungary]]<br />(modern-day [[Croatia]])
| death_place = Near [[Rovno]], [[Ukrainian People's Republic|Ukraine]]
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| nickname = Oleko ("Aleksa")
| birth_name = Toma Dundić
| allegiance =
| branch =
| serviceyears = 1912–1920
| rank =
| servicenumber = <!--Do not use data from primary sources such as service records.-->
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = [[First World War]]<br />[[October Revolution]]<br />[[Russian Civil War]]{{KIA}}
| battles_label =
| awards = [[Order of the Red Banner]]
| spouse = <!-- Add spouse if reliably sourced -->
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| module =
}}
'''Aleksa Dundić''' or '''Oleko Dundich''' ({{langx|ru|Олеко Дундич}}, {{langx|hr|Tomo Aleksa Dundić}}, {{langx|sr|Алекса Дундић}}, originally [[croat|Croatian]] ''Томо Дундић / Tomo Dundić'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Большой Энциклопедический Словарь |url=http://education.kulichki.net/dic/5j.html |website=kulichki.net}}</ref> (April 13, 1896 &ndash; July 8, 1920) was a [[Croat]]ian<ref name="Драгович">''Мілорад Драгович.'' «Красный конник Олеко Дундич» (1957). М: Молода гвардія, 1966</ref><ref name="Зеленин"> «Можна без жодного перебільшення сказати, що ім'я героя громадянської війни серба Олеко Дундича…» - [[translate|transl.]]:It is no exaggeration to say that the name of the hero of the [[Croat]]ian civil war, Oleko Dundich... {{cite web|author=В.В. Зеленін, М.М. Сумарокова|title="Легенди і дійсність. Загадки і факти з біографії Червоного Дундича"|url=http://www.bibliotekar.ru/Prometey-5/7.htm|edition=Прометей Т. 5 (М.)|publisher=Історико-біографічний альманах серії «Життя чудових людей», Молода гвардія (видавництво)|year=1968}}</ref> participant in [[Russia]]'s [[October Revolution]]. A popular character in [[Russian literature]] (celebrated for his riding skills and courage), Dundić was honoured with the [[Order of the Red Banner]].


== Biography ==
Died: 8.7.1920, around Rovno, [[Ukraine]]
=== Great Soviet Encyclopedia ===
According to the [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]] (1972 ed.), he was born into a peasant family, in Grabovac, region of Dalmatia (modern-day [[Croatia]]) on April 13, 1896. Dundić was of Croatian extraction.<ref>"Dundich, Toma", in the ''[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]'', 3rd edition, Moscow 1972, Volume 8, page 539, column 1605</ref> In 1914 he was recruited as a private in the [[Austro-Hungarian Army]]. During the [[First World War]] of 1914-1918 in May, 1916 Dundić was taken prisoner by Russian troops near [[Lutsk]]. He volunteered to join the First Division of Serbian Volunteer Corps in Russia (Сербский добровольческий корпус). From the middle of 1917, he was a member of the Red Guard (presumably in [[Odessa]]). In March, 1918, he headed a guerrilla squad in the region of [[Bakhmut]] that later joined the Morozov-Donetsk division, which retreated together with the army of K.E. Voroshilov towards [[Volgograd|Tsaritsyn]] in June 1918. He participated in the defence of Tsaritsyn as a member of an international battalion, then with cavalry brigades of Kryuchkovsky and Bulatkin. From 1919, he served in the Special Don Caucasus Division of [[Semyon Budyonny]] (later in the cavalry corps and the First Mounted Army). He was deputy regiment commander, special aide to [[Semyon Budyonny]], commander of mounted division at the headquarters of the First Mounted Army. Dundić took part in numerous battles and he was wounded several times. The legendary courage of Dundić brought him ardent love and popularity among Budyonny's troops. From June 1919 he was the deputy commander of the 36th regiment of the 6th cavalry division. He was killed in battle near Rovno, Ukraine, and awarded the [[Order of the Red Banner]].<ref>"Dundich, Toma", in the ''[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]'', 3rd edition, Moscow 1972, Volume 8, page 539, column 1605</ref>


=== Other sources ===
A participant and one of the greatest heroes of the [[Russian]] [[October Revolution]].
According to Zelenin and Sumarokova in 1968, the alleged first biography on Dundić, written by B. V. Agatov in October 1920 (original does not exist), allegedly says that he was born in 1894, in [[Kruševac]], then in the [[Kingdom of Serbia]]. Allegedly, his family were [[Animal husbandry|cattle breeders]]. After finishing [[secondary school]], he left home and entered a mechanical school. He then lived in the [[Americas]] for two years. In 1912-1913, during the [[Balkan Wars]], he was a weapons technician in the Serbian Army. He then served during the First World War, engaging the Austro-German troops, and for his valour shown during the battles on the Danube, he was promoted to second lieutenant. He was wounded twice, and was captured in 1916, the same year he escaped to Russia where he participated in the formation of the Serbian Volunteer Corps. After the February Revolution, he left the Serbian Corps and entered one of the Cossack regiments. After the October Revolution, he sided with the Soviet government and formed and headed an Odessa Red Guard detachment composed of Serb-internationalists. He fought against the Haidamak and cadet bands. He fought in Voronezh on the Don (in 1918), on the Tsaritsyn Front, and was wounded 16 times, then went to the Polish front. He died on July 8, 1920, at Rovno (now Ukraine).
Very popular in Russian literature, known for his riding skills and courage. Dundic was the only person form suthern Slavic region (former Yugoslavia), who was honoured with highest October Revoultion Awards.
However, as Zelenin and Sumarokova declared, Agatov himself did not indicate the source of the accounts relating to Dundić's life prior to joining the First Cavalry, what makes his story quite unreliable in that segment. It might be a mixture of two or more different biographies, melted in one. E.g., if Dundić, as a "Serb" served in the Austrian army in World War I, he would be a national traitor.<ref>Comment by Zelenin and Sumarokova, in Prometei 1968</ref>


== Life ==
==Legacy==
In 1958, a joint Yugoslav-Soviet film [[Aleksa Dundić (film)|Aleksa Dundić]] was directed by [[Leonid Lukov]] ({{IMDb title|qid=Q4333533|title=Aleksa Dundić}}).


A street in [[Lviv]], Ukraine, was named after him: "Oleko Dundich Street". A street in [[Saint Petersburg|Sankt Petersburg]] (Frunzensky District) was named after him as well (ул. Олеко Дундича).
He was born in a [[Croatian]], [[Catholic]] family and the surname 'Dundic' still exists in that region. He acquired his riding skills as a boy in South America (Argentina, Brasil), where he got his nick name "Alejo" (after spanish "Alejandro"), which later bacame "Oleko" in Russia and "Aleksa" in ex-Yugoslavia.


==Annotations==
He was drafted as a boy into the Austrian-Hungarian Army, during the [[First World War]] (1914-18). He joined the Russian Red Army in 1916, where he played a significant role in battles, in calvary divisions, under the leadership of the legendary commander [[Budonni]], who claimed that Dundic had "a strengh of a lion and a soul of a child".
His given name was Toma Dundić, according to Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Moscow, 1972.


"Aleksa" was his nickname, presumably derived from Spanish "Alejo" (presumably acquired in Argentina), later in Russian as "Олеко" (Oleko), and later in Croatian and Serbian as "Aleksa".
He died in battle in 1920.


⚫
==References==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
== Russian Sorces ==
* {{IMDb title|qid=Q4333533|title=Aleksa Dundić}}


{{Authority control}}
His origin was a subject of various discussions/arguments among [[Yugoslavs]], untill the matter was completely aired by the [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]].
[[Image:Dundic.JPG]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Dundic, Toma}}
Citation from the [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]([[Russian language]]):
[[Category:1896 births]]

[[Category:1920 deaths]]
Дундич
[[Category:Croatian military personnel]]
Тома (называл себя также Иван, в литературе - Олеко) [13.4.1896 (по др. данным, 12.8.1897), с. Грабовац, Далмация, - 8.7.1920, около Ровно], герой Гражданской войны в России. Родился в семье крестьянина, хорват по национальности. 12 лет уехал в Южную Америку, где 4 г. работал погонщиком скота в Аргентине и Бразилии. В 1914 призван рядовым в австро-венгерскую армию. Во время 1-й мировой войны 1914-18 в мае 1916 под Луцком взят в плен русскими войсками. Добровольно вступил в ряды 1-й дивизии Сербского добровольческого корпуса в России. С середины 1917 в Красной Гвардии (предположительно в Одессе). В марте 1918 возглавил партизанский отряд в районе Бахмута (ныне Артёмовск), влившийся в Морозовско-Донецкую дивизию, которая в мае-июне отступила с армией К. Е. Ворошилова к Царицыну. Участвовал в обороне Царицына в составе Интернационального батальона, затем в составе кавалерийских бригад Крючковского и Булаткина. С 1919 служил в Особой Донской кавказской дивизии С. М. Будённого (позже в конном корпусе и 1-й Конной армии), был помощником командира полка, для особых поручений при Будённом, командиром кавалерийского дивизиона при штабе 1-й Конной. Участвовал во многих боях, был неоднократно ранен. Легендарная храбрость "Красного Дундича" снискала ему горячую любовь и популярность среди будённовцев. С июня 1920 помощник командира 36-го полка 6-й кавалерийской дивизии. Погиб в бою. Награждён орденом Красного Знамени.
[[Category:Military personnel killed in action]]

[[Category:People of the Russian Revolution]]

[[Category:People of the Russian Civil War]]
⚫
== References ==
[[Category:Russian people of Croatian descent]]

[[Category:Croatian soldiers]]
1) The [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]], 3. edition, Moscow 1972, Volume 8, page 539, column 1605.
[[Category:Croatian communists]]

[[Category:Croatian expatriates in Russia]]
2) [http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc3p/NT0001E686].
[[Category:Bolsheviks]]

[[Category:Russian communists]]
3) [http://education.kulichki.net/dic/5j.html].
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner]]
[[Category:Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I]]

Latest revision as of 14:38, 29 December 2024

Toma Aleksa Dundić
Birth nameToma Dundić
Nickname(s)Oleko ("Aleksa")
Born(1896-04-13)April 13, 1896
Grabovac, Kingdom of Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary
(modern-day Croatia)
DiedJuly 8, 1920(1920-07-08) (aged 24)
Near Rovno, Ukraine
Years of service1912–1920
Battles / warsFirst World War
October Revolution
Russian Civil War †
AwardsOrder of the Red Banner

Aleksa Dundić or Oleko Dundich (Russian: Олеко Дундич, Croatian: Tomo Aleksa Dundić, Serbian: Алекса Дундић, originally Croatian Томо Дундић / Tomo Dundić)[1] (April 13, 1896 – July 8, 1920) was a Croatian[2][3] participant in Russia's October Revolution. A popular character in Russian literature (celebrated for his riding skills and courage), Dundić was honoured with the Order of the Red Banner.

Biography

[edit]

Great Soviet Encyclopedia

[edit]

According to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1972 ed.), he was born into a peasant family, in Grabovac, region of Dalmatia (modern-day Croatia) on April 13, 1896. Dundić was of Croatian extraction.[4] In 1914 he was recruited as a private in the Austro-Hungarian Army. During the First World War of 1914-1918 in May, 1916 Dundić was taken prisoner by Russian troops near Lutsk. He volunteered to join the First Division of Serbian Volunteer Corps in Russia (Сербский добровольческий корпус). From the middle of 1917, he was a member of the Red Guard (presumably in Odessa). In March, 1918, he headed a guerrilla squad in the region of Bakhmut that later joined the Morozov-Donetsk division, which retreated together with the army of K.E. Voroshilov towards Tsaritsyn in June 1918. He participated in the defence of Tsaritsyn as a member of an international battalion, then with cavalry brigades of Kryuchkovsky and Bulatkin. From 1919, he served in the Special Don Caucasus Division of Semyon Budyonny (later in the cavalry corps and the First Mounted Army). He was deputy regiment commander, special aide to Semyon Budyonny, commander of mounted division at the headquarters of the First Mounted Army. Dundić took part in numerous battles and he was wounded several times. The legendary courage of Dundić brought him ardent love and popularity among Budyonny's troops. From June 1919 he was the deputy commander of the 36th regiment of the 6th cavalry division. He was killed in battle near Rovno, Ukraine, and awarded the Order of the Red Banner.[5]

Other sources

[edit]

According to Zelenin and Sumarokova in 1968, the alleged first biography on Dundić, written by B. V. Agatov in October 1920 (original does not exist), allegedly says that he was born in 1894, in Kruševac, then in the Kingdom of Serbia. Allegedly, his family were cattle breeders. After finishing secondary school, he left home and entered a mechanical school. He then lived in the Americas for two years. In 1912-1913, during the Balkan Wars, he was a weapons technician in the Serbian Army. He then served during the First World War, engaging the Austro-German troops, and for his valour shown during the battles on the Danube, he was promoted to second lieutenant. He was wounded twice, and was captured in 1916, the same year he escaped to Russia where he participated in the formation of the Serbian Volunteer Corps. After the February Revolution, he left the Serbian Corps and entered one of the Cossack regiments. After the October Revolution, he sided with the Soviet government and formed and headed an Odessa Red Guard detachment composed of Serb-internationalists. He fought against the Haidamak and cadet bands. He fought in Voronezh on the Don (in 1918), on the Tsaritsyn Front, and was wounded 16 times, then went to the Polish front. He died on July 8, 1920, at Rovno (now Ukraine). However, as Zelenin and Sumarokova declared, Agatov himself did not indicate the source of the accounts relating to Dundić's life prior to joining the First Cavalry, what makes his story quite unreliable in that segment. It might be a mixture of two or more different biographies, melted in one. E.g., if Dundić, as a "Serb" served in the Austrian army in World War I, he would be a national traitor.[6]

Legacy

[edit]

In 1958, a joint Yugoslav-Soviet film Aleksa Dundić was directed by Leonid Lukov (Aleksa Dundić at IMDb Edit this at Wikidata).

A street in Lviv, Ukraine, was named after him: "Oleko Dundich Street". A street in Sankt Petersburg (Frunzensky District) was named after him as well (ул. Олеко Дундича).

Annotations

[edit]

His given name was Toma Dundić, according to Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Moscow, 1972.

"Aleksa" was his nickname, presumably derived from Spanish "Alejo" (presumably acquired in Argentina), later in Russian as "Олеко" (Oleko), and later in Croatian and Serbian as "Aleksa".

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Большой Энциклопедический Словарь". kulichki.net.
  2. ^ Мілорад Драгович. «Красный конник Олеко Дундич» (1957). М: Молода гвардія, 1966
  3. ^ «Можна без жодного перебільшення сказати, що ім'я героя громадянської війни серба Олеко Дундича…» - transl.:It is no exaggeration to say that the name of the hero of the Croatian civil war, Oleko Dundich... В.В. Зеленін, М.М. Сумарокова (1968). ""Легенди і дійсність. Загадки і факти з біографії Червоного Дундича"" (Прометей Т. 5 (М.) ed.). Історико-біографічний альманах серії «Життя чудових людей», Молода гвардія (видавництво).
  4. ^ "Dundich, Toma", in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd edition, Moscow 1972, Volume 8, page 539, column 1605
  5. ^ "Dundich, Toma", in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd edition, Moscow 1972, Volume 8, page 539, column 1605
  6. ^ Comment by Zelenin and Sumarokova, in Prometei 1968
[edit]
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