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{{Infobox baseball biography
{{Infobox baseball biography
|name=Jeremy Giambi
|name=Jeremy Giambi
|image=
|image=Jeremy Giambi.webp
|caption=
|caption=Giambi (left) with [[Miguel Tejada]]
|position=[[Outfielder]] / [[First baseman]]
|position=[[Outfielder]] / [[First baseman]]
|bats=Left
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* [[Boston Red Sox]] ({{mlby|2003}})
* [[Boston Red Sox]] ({{mlby|2003}})
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'''Jeremy Dean Giambi''' ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|i|ˈ|ɑː|m|b|i}}; September 30, 1974 – February 9, 2022) was an American [[outfielder]] and [[first baseman]] in [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB). He played for four teams from 1998 to 2003, primarily the [[Oakland Athletics]], where he was a teammate of his older brother [[Jason Giambi]] during the club's division championship-winning seasons in 2000 and 2001.
'''Jeremy Dean Giambi''' ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|i|ˈ|ɑː|m|b|i}}; September 30, 1974 – February 9, 2022) was an American [[outfielder]] and [[first baseman]] in [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB). He played for four teams from 1998 to 2003, primarily the [[Oakland Athletics]], where he was a teammate of his older brother [[Jason Giambi]] during the club's division championship-winning season in 2000.


He enjoyed his best season in 2001, [[batting average|batting]] .283 with 12 [[home run]]s and 57 [[run batted in|runs batted in]] (RBI), then hitting .308 in the [[2001 American League Division Series|Division Series]] loss to the [[New York Yankees]]. Following his brother's departure to the Yankees as a free agent in the ensuing offseason, Jeremy saw declining playing time with three teams over the next two seasons before finishing his career in the minor leagues.
He enjoyed his best season in 2001, [[batting average|batting]] .283 with 12 [[home run]]s and 57 [[run batted in|runs batted in]] (RBI), then hitting .308 in the [[2001 American League Division Series|Division Series]] loss to the [[New York Yankees]]. Following his brother's departure to the Yankees as a free agent in the ensuing offseason, Jeremy saw declining playing time with three teams over the next two seasons before finishing his career in the minor leagues.


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Jeremy Giambi was born in [[San Jose, California]].<ref name=espnobit/> Like his older brother [[Jason Giambi|Jason]], Giambi attended [[South Hills High School (West Covina, California)|South Hills High School]] in [[West Covina, California]]. He attended [[California State University, Fullerton]] and played [[college baseball]] for the [[Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball|Cal State Fullerton Titans]]. The Titans won the [[1995 College World Series]].<ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-04-12-sp-57893-story.html| title=Making 1996 His Year : Giambi's Decision to Stay in College Looks Good; He's Batting .444 for Cal State Fullerton|date=April 12, 1996| website= Los Angeles Times}}</ref> In 1994, he played [[collegiate summer baseball]] with the [[Bourne Braves]] of the [[Cape Cod Baseball League]] and was named a league all-star.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://capecodbaseball.org.ismmedia.com/ISM3/std-content/repos/Top/2012website/archives/Current%20Year/All_Time_MLB_CCBL_Alumni.pdf |title=Major League Baseball Players From the Cape Cod League |publisher= | website = capecodbaseball.org |access-date= January 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = CCBL All-Stars | pages =C2 | newspaper = Cape Cod Times | location = Hyannis, MA | date =July 23, 1994 }}</ref>
Jeremy Giambi was born in [[San Jose, California]].<ref name=espnobit/> Like his older brother [[Jason Giambi|Jason]], Giambi attended [[South Hills High School (West Covina, California)|South Hills High School]] in [[West Covina, California]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rokos |first=Brian |date=February 11, 2022 |orig-date=February 11, 2022 |title=Former A’s outfielder Jeremy Giambi’s manner of death determined |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/02/11/former-major-leaguer-jeremy-giambi-took-his-own-life-in-claremont-coroner-says/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011200851/https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/02/11/former-major-leaguer-jeremy-giambi-took-his-own-life-in-claremont-coroner-says/ |archive-date=October 11, 2022 |access-date=September 19, 2024 |website=The Mercury News |language=en-US}}</ref> He attended [[California State University, Fullerton]] and played [[college baseball]] for the [[Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball|Cal State Fullerton Titans]], with whom he won the [[1995 College World Series]].<ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-04-12-sp-57893-story.html| title=Making 1996 His Year : Giambi's Decision to Stay in College Looks Good; He's Batting .444 for Cal State Fullerton|date=April 12, 1996| website= Los Angeles Times}}</ref> In 1994, he played [[collegiate summer baseball]] with the [[Bourne Braves]] of the [[Cape Cod Baseball League]] and was named a league all-star.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://capecodbaseball.org.ismmedia.com/ISM3/std-content/repos/Top/2012website/archives/Current%20Year/All_Time_MLB_CCBL_Alumni.pdf |title=Major League Baseball Players From the Cape Cod League |publisher= | website = capecodbaseball.org |access-date= January 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = CCBL All-Stars | pages =C2 | newspaper = Cape Cod Times | location = Hyannis, MA | date =July 23, 1994 }}</ref>


== Professional athletic career ==
== Professional career ==
The [[Kansas City Royals]] selected Giambi in the sixth round of the [[1996 Major League Baseball Draft]].<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-06-05-sp-12029-story.html|title=Marlins Take Titans' Kotsay With No. 9 Pick|date=June 5, 1996|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Giambi made his major league debut as a [[September call-up]] for the Royals in 1998.<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94615241/brother-act-giambis-finally-get-togethe/ |title=Brother act: Giambis finally get together in the majors |newspaper=The Kansas City Star | work = |publisher= | via=Newspapers.com |date=September 17, 1998 |page=38 |accessdate= February 10, 2022}}</ref> The Athletics acquired Giambi from the Royals in exchange for [[Brett Laxton]] prior to the 2000 season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cjonline.com/stories/022000/spo_giambikc.shtml| title=Jeremy Giambi glad to be joining older brother| first=Alan |last= Eskew |website= cjonline.com}}</ref> Jason and Jeremy played together during the 2000 and 2001 seasons. During Game 3 of the [[2001 American League Division Series]], Giambi was tagged out at home plate on the "flip play" by [[Derek Jeter]].<ref name=espnobit/>
The [[Kansas City Royals]] selected Giambi in the sixth round of the [[1996 Major League Baseball Draft]].<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-06-05-sp-12029-story.html|title=Marlins Take Titans' Kotsay With No. 9 Pick|date=June 5, 1996|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Giambi made his major league debut as a [[September call-up]] for the Royals in 1998.<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94615241/brother-act-giambis-finally-get-togethe/ |title=Brother act: Giambis finally get together in the majors |newspaper=The Kansas City Star | work = |publisher= | via=Newspapers.com |date=September 17, 1998 |page=38 |accessdate= February 10, 2022}}</ref> The Athletics acquired Giambi from the Royals in exchange for [[Brett Laxton]] before the 2000 season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cjonline.com/stories/022000/spo_giambikc.shtml| title=Jeremy Giambi glad to be joining older brother| first=Alan |last= Eskew |website= cjonline.com}}</ref> Jason and Jeremy played together during the 2000 and 2001 seasons. During Game 3 of the [[2001 American League Division Series]], Giambi was tagged out at home plate on the "flip play" by [[Derek Jeter]].<ref name=espnobit/>


During the 2002 season, the Athletics traded Giambi to the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] for [[John Mabry]].<ref>{{cite web |title=MLB - A's shake-up: Jeremy Giambi traded to Phils |url= https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/2002/0522/1385606.html |website= ESPN.com |access-date=February 9, 2022 |date=May 23, 2002}}</ref> Giambi finished the 2002 season with 20 home runs between the Athletics and Phillies.<ref name=espnobit/> After the 2002 season, the Phillies traded Giambi to the [[Boston Red Sox]] for [[Josh Hancock]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stark |first1=Jayson |title=MLB - Phillies ship Jeremy Giambi to Red Sox |url=https://www.espn.com/mlb/columns/stark_jayson/1477352.html |website= ESPN.com |access-date=February 9, 2022 |date=December 15, 2002}}</ref> He last played in the majors in 2003 for the Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/33254989/former-mlb-player-jeremy-giambi-dies-47|title=Former MLB player Jeremy Giambi dies at 47| date= February 10, 2022| website= ESPN.com}}</ref> After being released by the Red Sox, Giambi signed minor league deals with the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] in 2004<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jan-17-sp-basenotes17-story.html|title=Dodgers, Jeremy Giambi Agree on Contract |date= January 17, 2004|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> and the [[Chicago White Sox]] in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=2011867|title=Jeremy Giambi silent on 'roids|date=March 13, 2005| website= ESPN.com}}</ref> In his MLB career, Giambi batted .263 with 52 home runs and 209 RBIs.<ref name=espnobit/>
In 42 games for the Athletics in 2002, Giambi batted .274 with eight home runs and 17 RBIs in 42 games before the Athletics traded him to the [[Philadelphia Phillies]] for [[John Mabry]] on May 22.<ref>{{cite web |title=MLB - A's shake-up: Jeremy Giambi traded to Phils |url= https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/2002/0522/1385606.html |website= ESPN.com |access-date=February 9, 2022 |date=May 23, 2002}}</ref> Giambi finished the 2002 season with 20 home runs between the Athletics and Phillies.<ref name=espnobit/> After the 2002 season, the Phillies traded Giambi to the [[Boston Red Sox]] for [[Josh Hancock]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stark |first1=Jayson |title=MLB - Phillies ship Jeremy Giambi to Red Sox |url=https://www.espn.com/mlb/columns/stark_jayson/1477352.html |website= ESPN.com |access-date=February 9, 2022 |date=December 15, 2002}}</ref> He last played in the majors in 2003 for the Red Sox.<ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/33254989/former-mlb-player-jeremy-giambi-dies-47|title=Former MLB player Jeremy Giambi dies at 47| date= February 10, 2022| website= ESPN.com}}</ref>
After being released by the Red Sox, Giambi signed minor league deals with the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]] in 2004<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jan-17-sp-basenotes17-story.html|title=Dodgers, Jeremy Giambi Agree on Contract |date= January 17, 2004|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> and the [[Chicago White Sox]] in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web| url= https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=2011867|title=Jeremy Giambi silent on 'roids|date=March 13, 2005| website= ESPN.com}}</ref> In his MLB career, Giambi batted .263 with 52 home runs and 209 RBIs.<ref name=espnobit/>


== Steroids ==
== Steroids ==
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==Personal life and death==
==Personal life and death==


Giambi was mentioned in [[Michael Lewis]]'s book ''[[Moneyball]]'', and he became a character in [[Moneyball (film)|the film]] that starred [[Brad Pitt]], with Giambi portrayed by Nick Porrazzo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/baseball/2011/10/04/moneyball_separating_fact_from_hollywood_fiction.html|title=Moneyball: separating fact from Hollywood fiction|date=October 4, 2011|newspaper=Toronto Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2011/09/23/swing-looks-help-el-toro-grad-land-moneyball-role/|title=Swing, looks help El Toro grad land 'Moneyball' role|date=September 23, 2011}}</ref> Giambi was found dead at his parents' home in [[Claremont, California]], on the morning of February 9, 2022, according to a spokesperson for the Claremont Police Department. He was 47.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lacques |first1=Gabe |last2=Yomtov |first2=Jesse |title=Former MLB player Jeremy Giambi found dead at age 47 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/2022/02/09/jeremy-giambi-mlb-oakland-athletics-dies/6728662001/ |website=USA Today |access-date=February 9, 2022 |date=February 9, 2022}}</ref><ref name=espnobit>{{cite news |title=Former MLB player Jeremy Giambi dies in California at 47, agent says |url=https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/33254989/former-mlb-player-jeremy-giambi-dies-47 |access-date=February 9, 2022 |work=ESPN.com|date=February 9, 2022}}</ref> The following day, the [[Los Angeles]] County Medical Examiner announced that Giambi's death had been ruled a suicide via a gunshot wound to his chest.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/athletics/article/Former-A-s-outfielder-Jeremy-Giambi-died-by-16861082.php|title=Former A's outfielder Jeremy Giambi died by suicide|last=Kawahara|first=Matt|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=February 10, 2022|access-date=February 10, 2022}}</ref> In June 2022, reports say that prior to the suicide, in August 2021, he was "struck in the head by a baseball and fractured his [[zygomatic bone]]" when serving as a pitching coach. His mother also said he felt different after the injury.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ex-MLB player Jeremy Giambi 'seemed different' after baseball head injury before death by suicide, family said |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/sports/ex-mlb-player-jeremy-giambi-seemed-different-baseball-head-injury-deat-rcna36238 |website=[[NBC]] |access-date=June 30, 2022}}</ref>
Giambi was mentioned in [[Michael Lewis]]'s book ''[[Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game|Moneyball]]'', and he became a character in [[Moneyball (film)|the film]] that starred [[Brad Pitt]], with Giambi portrayed by Nick Porrazzo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/sports/baseball/2011/10/04/moneyball_separating_fact_from_hollywood_fiction.html|title=Moneyball: separating fact from Hollywood fiction|date=October 4, 2011|newspaper=Toronto Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2011/09/23/swing-looks-help-el-toro-grad-land-moneyball-role/|title=Swing, looks help El Toro grad land 'Moneyball' role|date=September 23, 2011}}</ref>
Giambi was found dead at his parents' home in [[Claremont, California]], on the morning of February 9, 2022, according to a spokesperson for the Claremont Police Department. He was 47.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lacques |first1=Gabe |last2=Yomtov |first2=Jesse |title=Former MLB player Jeremy Giambi found dead at age 47 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/2022/02/09/jeremy-giambi-mlb-oakland-athletics-dies/6728662001/ |website=USA Today |access-date=February 9, 2022 |date=February 9, 2022}}</ref><ref name=espnobit>{{cite news |title=Former MLB player Jeremy Giambi dies in California at 47, agent says |url=https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/33254989/former-mlb-player-jeremy-giambi-dies-47 |access-date=February 9, 2022 |work=ESPN.com|date=February 9, 2022}}</ref> The following day, the [[Los Angeles County Medical Examiner]] announced that Giambi's death had been ruled a suicide via a gunshot wound to his chest.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/athletics/article/Former-A-s-outfielder-Jeremy-Giambi-died-by-16861082.php|title=Former A's outfielder Jeremy Giambi died by suicide|last=Kawahara|first=Matt|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=February 10, 2022|access-date=February 10, 2022}}</ref> In June 2022, reports said that in August 2021, Giambi had been "struck in the head by a baseball and fractured his [[zygomatic bone]]" when serving as a pitching coach. His mother also said he felt different after the injury.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ex-MLB player Jeremy Giambi 'seemed different' after baseball head injury before death by suicide, family said |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/sports/ex-mlb-player-jeremy-giambi-seemed-different-baseball-head-injury-deat-rcna36238 |website=[[NBC]] |date=June 30, 2022 |access-date=June 30, 2022}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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[[Category:Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball players]]
[[Category:Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball players]]
[[Category:Bourne Braves players]]
[[Category:Bourne Braves players]]
[[Category:People from Covina, California]]
[[Category:South Hills High School (West Covina, California) alumni]]
[[Category:Baseball players from Covina, California]]
[[Category:American people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Suicides by firearm in California]]
[[Category:Suicides by firearm in California]]

Latest revision as of 19:09, 29 December 2024

Jeremy Giambi
Outfielder / First baseman
Born: (1974-09-30)September 30, 1974
San Jose, California, U.S.
Died: February 9, 2022(2022-02-09) (aged 47)
Claremont, California, U.S.
Batted: Left
Threw: Left
MLB debut
September 1, 1998, for the Kansas City Royals
Last MLB appearance
August 1, 2003, for the Boston Red Sox
MLB statistics
Batting average.263
Home runs52
Runs batted in209
Stats at Baseball Reference Edit this at Wikidata
Teams

Jeremy Dean Giambi (/iˈɑːmbi/; September 30, 1974 – February 9, 2022) was an American outfielder and first baseman in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for four teams from 1998 to 2003, primarily the Oakland Athletics, where he was a teammate of his older brother Jason Giambi during the club's division championship-winning season in 2000.

He enjoyed his best season in 2001, batting .283 with 12 home runs and 57 runs batted in (RBI), then hitting .308 in the Division Series loss to the New York Yankees. Following his brother's departure to the Yankees as a free agent in the ensuing offseason, Jeremy saw declining playing time with three teams over the next two seasons before finishing his career in the minor leagues.

Early life

[edit]

Jeremy Giambi was born in San Jose, California.[1] Like his older brother Jason, Giambi attended South Hills High School in West Covina, California.[2] He attended California State University, Fullerton and played college baseball for the Cal State Fullerton Titans, with whom he won the 1995 College World Series.[3] In 1994, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Bourne Braves of the Cape Cod Baseball League and was named a league all-star.[4][5]

Professional career

[edit]

The Kansas City Royals selected Giambi in the sixth round of the 1996 Major League Baseball Draft.[6] Giambi made his major league debut as a September call-up for the Royals in 1998.[7] The Athletics acquired Giambi from the Royals in exchange for Brett Laxton before the 2000 season.[8] Jason and Jeremy played together during the 2000 and 2001 seasons. During Game 3 of the 2001 American League Division Series, Giambi was tagged out at home plate on the "flip play" by Derek Jeter.[1]

In 42 games for the Athletics in 2002, Giambi batted .274 with eight home runs and 17 RBIs in 42 games before the Athletics traded him to the Philadelphia Phillies for John Mabry on May 22.[9] Giambi finished the 2002 season with 20 home runs between the Athletics and Phillies.[1] After the 2002 season, the Phillies traded Giambi to the Boston Red Sox for Josh Hancock.[10] He last played in the majors in 2003 for the Red Sox.[11]

After being released by the Red Sox, Giambi signed minor league deals with the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2004[12] and the Chicago White Sox in 2005.[13] In his MLB career, Giambi batted .263 with 52 home runs and 209 RBIs.[1]

Steroids

[edit]

On March 13, 2005, The Kansas City Star reported that Giambi had admitted to having used anabolic steroids.[14] His brother Jason has also admitted to using steroids according to grand jury testimony that was leaked to the press. On December 13, 2007, Giambi was named in the Mitchell Report on steroid usage in baseball as being among the athletes to whom BALCO founder Victor Conte claimed to have sold anabolic steroids; the report said BALCO VP Jim Valente had indicated that urine samples submitted to BALCO by both Jeremy and Jason had tested positive for the steroid drugs.[15]

Personal life and death

[edit]

Giambi was mentioned in Michael Lewis's book Moneyball, and he became a character in the film that starred Brad Pitt, with Giambi portrayed by Nick Porrazzo.[16][17]

Giambi was found dead at his parents' home in Claremont, California, on the morning of February 9, 2022, according to a spokesperson for the Claremont Police Department. He was 47.[18][1] The following day, the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner announced that Giambi's death had been ruled a suicide via a gunshot wound to his chest.[19] In June 2022, reports said that in August 2021, Giambi had been "struck in the head by a baseball and fractured his zygomatic bone" when serving as a pitching coach. His mother also said he felt different after the injury.[20]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "Former MLB player Jeremy Giambi dies in California at 47, agent says". ESPN.com. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  2. ^ Rokos, Brian (February 11, 2022) [February 11, 2022]. "Former A's outfielder Jeremy Giambi's manner of death determined". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on October 11, 2022. Retrieved September 19, 2024.
  3. ^ "Making 1996 His Year : Giambi's Decision to Stay in College Looks Good; He's Batting .444 for Cal State Fullerton". Los Angeles Times. April 12, 1996.
  4. ^ "Major League Baseball Players From the Cape Cod League" (PDF). capecodbaseball.org. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
  5. ^ "CCBL All-Stars". Cape Cod Times. Hyannis, MA. July 23, 1994. pp. C2.
  6. ^ "Marlins Take Titans' Kotsay With No. 9 Pick". Los Angeles Times. June 5, 1996.
  7. ^ "Brother act: Giambis finally get together in the majors". The Kansas City Star. September 17, 1998. p. 38. Retrieved February 10, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ Eskew, Alan. "Jeremy Giambi glad to be joining older brother". cjonline.com.
  9. ^ "MLB - A's shake-up: Jeremy Giambi traded to Phils". ESPN.com. May 23, 2002. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  10. ^ Stark, Jayson (December 15, 2002). "MLB - Phillies ship Jeremy Giambi to Red Sox". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  11. ^ "Former MLB player Jeremy Giambi dies at 47". ESPN.com. February 10, 2022.
  12. ^ "Dodgers, Jeremy Giambi Agree on Contract". Los Angeles Times. January 17, 2004.
  13. ^ "Jeremy Giambi silent on 'roids". ESPN.com. March 13, 2005.
  14. ^ "Jeremy Giambi admits steroid use as MLB scandal deepens". KRIS TV. Archived from the original on February 18, 2009.
  15. ^ The Associated Press (December 14, 2007). "Players mentioned in Mitchell Report". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  16. ^ "Moneyball: separating fact from Hollywood fiction". Toronto Star. October 4, 2011.
  17. ^ "Swing, looks help El Toro grad land 'Moneyball' role". September 23, 2011.
  18. ^ Lacques, Gabe; Yomtov, Jesse (February 9, 2022). "Former MLB player Jeremy Giambi found dead at age 47". USA Today. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  19. ^ Kawahara, Matt (February 10, 2022). "Former A's outfielder Jeremy Giambi died by suicide". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  20. ^ "Ex-MLB player Jeremy Giambi 'seemed different' after baseball head injury before death by suicide, family said". NBC. June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
[edit]