Koreans in the United Kingdom: Difference between revisions

British Koreans
재영 한인 / 在英韓人
Total population
	Ethnic Koreans:; 21,118 (England and Wales only, 2021); Other estimates:; 40,770 (2019)
Regions with significant populations
	London and the South East
Languages
	English (British English), Korean
Religion
	majority Protestant Christian, minority Buddhist

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Koreans in the United Kingdom include Korean-born migrants to the United Kingdom and their British-born descendants tracing ancestries from North Korea and South Korea.

Demographics

Population size

The population of Koreans in the United Kingdom is hard to assess. According to South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2019, there were 40,770 Koreans living in the United Kingdom.^[2] This figure is quite different from data collected through the census in the United Kingdom, which does not have a separate category for ethnic Koreans. UK census data does exist for residents who were born in South Korea. According to the 2011 UK Census, there were 16,276 people of South Korean birth living in England, 310 in Wales,^[5] 716 in Scotland,^[6] and 92 in Northern Ireland.^[7] For residents of North Korean birth, the corresponding numbers were 369 in England, 12 in Wales,^[5] and 11 in Scotland.^[6]

The previous, 2001 UK Census recorded 12,310 UK residents born in South Korea.^[8] The 2011 report of South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade showed 45,295 South Korean citizens or former citizens (regardless of birthplace) registered as living in the UK^{[fn 1]}^[9] This means that Koreans in the United Kingdom are the 12th-largest group of overseas Koreans, behind Korean Brazilians and ahead of Koreans in Indonesia.^[9] According to the Overseas Korean Foundation, between 1999 and 2005, the UK's Korean population nearly quadrupled from 10,836, surpassing the older community of Koreans in Germany to become the largest in Europe.^[10] Among those recorded in MOFAT's statistics, 3,839 were British citizens, 9,170 had indefinite leave to remain, 19,000 were international students, and the other 14,820 had other kinds of visas. About two-thirds resided in the London area.^[9]

Most come from South Korea; however, North Korean defectors have also sought asylum in the UK. The number of North Koreans claiming asylum in the UK peaked at 412 in 2007, having risen from only 45 in 2006. Numbers then dropped to 185 in 2008, and ranged between 20 and 37 per annum between 2009 and 2014.^[11] According to UNHCR statistics, 622 recognised refugees and 59 asylum seekers from North Korea were present in the UK in 2014.^[12]

The UK grants asylum only to defectors who come directly from North Korea. In 2008, it was reported that 180 asylum seekers had had their applications rejected after police checks revealed that they had previously resided in South Korea (and thus had residency rights and citizenship there, in accordance with the South Korean constitution).^[13] Some of the alleged North Korean defectors may also be ethnic Koreans from China who purchased North Korean documents so that they could attempt to gain refugee status in developed countries. Efforts by UK Visas and Immigration and predecessors to identify fake defectors have not always been successful and have also been known to misclassify actual defectors as fake ones.^[14] In September 2014, an asylum tribunal dismissed the appeal of several North Koreans, ruling that the "appellants are South Korean citizens and their asylum appeal must fail".^[15]

Population distribution

A Korean supermarket in New Malden, London

Large numbers of Koreans began to settle in the UK in the 1980s, mostly near London; the highest concentration can be found in the town of New Malden, where estimates of the Korean population range from 8,000 to as high as 20,000 people.^[3]^[16]^[17] Factors which may have attracted them to New Malden include cheap housing, the previous presence of a Japanese community in the area, and the "bandwagon effect" of a few prominent Korean businesses in the area early on.^[3] In the 1990s, the area came to prominence as a hub for the Korean community; the high concentration of Koreans there meant that adult immigrants, especially women, tend not to speak much English, even after years of residence in the United Kingdom.^[18] During the 2002 FIFA World Cup, Koreans from all over the country flocked to the town to gather with their co-ethnics and show support for the Korea Republic national football team.^[19]^[20]

Other areas with a Korean presence include Golders Green, where Korean and Japanese immigrants have been visibly replacing the older, diminishing Jewish community.^[21]

Of the total of 392 North Korean-born residents recorded by the 2011 census, 251 lived in Greater London, 47 in North-West England and 30 in Yorkshire and the Humber.^[5]

Business

21% of all Korean-owned businesses in the UK, are located in the New Malden area.^[22] The first Korean restaurant in New Malden was established in 1991.^[16] Other Korean businesses in the area include hairdressers, stationery shops, travel agents, and Korean-language child care services; there used to be a bookstore selling imported Korean novels, but it closed down. Two rival Korean-language newspapers are also published there.^[18] Korean grocers do good business, as Korean food products, unlike those from India or Japan, tend to be unavailable from mainstream retailers such as Tesco.^[23] While Korean food has not historically been as popular as Chinese food, and Korean restaurants in London have been described as "mostly student hang-outs, offering simple food at bargain prices", it is gaining popularity, particularly in the gourmet street food market.^[24]

A 2006 study of Korean businesses in Kingston upon Thames noted that Korean business owners' unfamiliarity with commercial practices in the UK, along with language barriers, have sometimes led them into conflict with governmental regulators; the Health and Safety Executive noted that Korean barbecue restaurants are especially problematic in this regard, as they often imported small, uncertified table-top gas cookers directly from South Korea for self-installation, rather than hiring a registered gas engineer to install and inspect them, and took no corrective action when issued with warnings.^[17] The language barrier is compounded by the lack of translators; one Korean translator estimated that she had only four or five competitors in the entire country.^[18] Today, most South Koreans speak English^[25] and many high-quality restaurants can be found in London's West End.^[26]

Religion

The census in the United Kingdom does not have a separate category for Koreans and, hence, does not provide religious breakdown.^[27] However, as with Koreans in other contexts, Protestant churches have played an important social and cultural role in the Korean immigrant community in the United Kingdom. Korean immigrants have often participated in mainstream English-speaking churches in the United Kingdom. But some have also attended churches which are explicitly conducted in Korean language.^[28] Some Korean immigrant churches will also conduct youth group services and activities in English language; this has aided in preventing the attrition of Korean language abilities among locally born Korean youth.^[3] Denominations with Korean-language services in New Malden include the Church of England and the Methodist Church.^[18]

A smaller number of Koreans in the UK observe Buddhism.^[4]

Notable people

Jean-Baptiste Kim, former unofficial North Korean spokesman in France, now living in Surrey^[29]
Park Ji-sung, former football player with Manchester United F.C. and Queens Park Rangers
Lee Chung-yong, football player with Crystal Palace F.C.
Ki Sung-yueng, football player with Newcastle United
Son Heung-min, football player with Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
Yongcheol Shin, econometrician and professor
Ha-Joon Chang, economist, University of Cambridge
Suji Kwock Kim, poet and playwright
Clara Lee, South Korean actress of Korean and British descent born in Switzerland
Ela Lee, author
Shannon, South Korean singer of Korean and Welsh descent
Jill Vidal, Hong Kong singer of Korean and Filipino descent
Sue Son, South Korean classical violinist. Born in Seoul, and raised in Colchester
Jack Aitken, racing driver
Hwang Hee-chan, football player with Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.
Kris Kim, golfer
Ioanna Kimbook, Cyprus-born actress
Yiruma, South Korean pianist.
Su-a Lee, South Korean-born Scottish cellist
Hyung-ki Joo, pianist
Peggy Gou, DJ and record producer based in Berlin

Footnotes

^ All South Korean citizens intending to reside overseas for more than 90 days are required by law to register with the South Korean consulate nearest their overseas residence. Failure to register can have negative consequences for taxes and real estate purchases, and overseas-born children who are not registered may have difficulty enrolling in South Korean schools. See 재외국민등록 [Registration of nationals overseas] (in Korean), South Korea: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2009, archived from the original on 2008-04-30, retrieved 2009-11-09

References

^ "TS:002 Ethnic group (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
^ ^a ^b "U.K." Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yi, David (19 July 2008), "Livin' in London", KoreAm Journal, archived from the original on 17 June 2011, retrieved 2008-09-10
^ ^a ^b Korean Buddhist congregations in the UK
^ ^a ^b ^c United Kingdom census (2011). "Table QS213EW - Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b United Kingdom census (2011). "Country of birth (detailed)" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
^ United Kingdom census (2011). "Country of Birth - Full Detail: QS206NI". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
^ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Archived from the original on 2011-05-04. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c 재외동포 본문(지역별 상세), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2011-07-15, p. 244, retrieved 2012-02-25
^ 재외동포현황 - 유럽 [Status of overseas compatriots - Europe] (in Korean), Overseas Korean Foundation, 2005, archived from the original on 2006-02-12, retrieved 2008-09-10
^ "Table as_01: Asylum applications and initial decisions for main applicants, by country of nationality". Home Office. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
^ "Population statistics: Persons of concern". UNHCR. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
^ Jang, Yong-hun (25 July 2008). 英, 한국 국적 탈북자 추방 방침: RFA [UK North Korean refugees with South Korean nationality to be expelled: Radio Free Asia]. Yonhap News (in Korean). Retrieved 2008-09-10.
^ Choi, Lyong (2011-10-26), "The British dilemma of North Korean refugees", LSE Ideas, archived from the original on 2011-11-01, retrieved 2012-08-28
^ Leftly, Mark (28 November 2014). "UK may ship all North Korean asylum-seekers to South Korea". The Independent. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
^ ^a ^b Benedictus, Leo (21 January 2005), "'This restaurant is a little bit of Korea brought into a very English town': Koreans in New Malden", The Guardian, London, retrieved 2008-09-10
^ ^a ^b Marlow, Peter (2006), Occupational Health and Safety Factors in the Korean Community (PDF), United Kingdom: Health and Safety Executive, Department for Work and Pensions, retrieved 2008-09-10
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Moore, Fiona; Lowe, Sid; Hwang, Ki-Soon (11 July 2007), "The Translator as Gatekeeper in the Korean Business Community in London" (PDF), Critical Management Studies Conference, University of Manchester, retrieved 2008-09-10
^ Shaikh, Thair (22 June 2002), "Surrey town plays host to World Cup fever", The Daily Telegraph, London, retrieved 2008-09-10
^ Geoghegan, Tim (25 June 2002), "Life and Seoul in Surrey", BBC News, retrieved 2008-09-10
^ Russ, Willey (October 16, 2006), "Golders Green", Chambers London Gazetteer, Chambers Harrap, pp. 194, 340–343, ISBN 978-0-550-10259-1
^ Hall, Sarah (25 June 2002), "With heart and soul in the Seoul of Surrey", The Guardian, London, retrieved 2008-09-10
^ 영국 뉴몰든 한인 유통의 최강자 '코리아 푸드를 가다' [Strongman of Korean logistics in New Malden: "Go for Korean food"]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). 29 March 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-03-06. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
^ Sims, Fiona (10 September 2014). "Korean food: a spice sensation taking Britain by storm". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
^ Fischer, Paul (23 February 2015). "Korean Republic of New Malden". The Independent.
^ Harden's London Restaurants 2015 ISBN 978-0-9929408-9-8
^ United Kingdom census (2011). "Table DC2201EW - Ethnic group and religion". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
^ Yoon, I Sil (July 2020). "Korean Christian Students' Adaptation and Integration in British Society: Their Identity Formation and Negotiation Processes". Studies in World Christianity. 26 (2): 133–154. doi:10.3366/swc.2020.0293. S2CID 219915811.
^ Michael, Christopher (2008-04-09), "From despot's PR man to Surrey salesman", The Spectator, archived from the original on 2008-08-02, retrieved 2009-09-01

External links

Korean Festival, the largest Korean cultural festival in Europe
Korean Food in London
British Korean Society (formerly the Anglo-Korean Society)
British Korean Women's Society Archived 2015-02-10 at the Wayback Machine
London Korean Links (Korean cultural events in London)
Korean-Culture Centre in London
Go Korea (Korean Tourist Organisation)
Korea Business Centre London (KOTRA) Archived 2015-04-10 at the Wayback Machine

[9] All South Korean citizens intending to reside overseas for more than 90 days are required by law to register with the South Korean consulate nearest their overseas residence. Failure to register can have negative consequences for taxes and real estate purchases, and overseas-born children who are not registered may have difficulty enrolling in South Korean schools. See 재외국민등록 [Registration of nationals overseas] (in Korean), South Korea: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2009, archived from the original on 2008-04-30, retrieved 2009-11-09

[1] "TS:002 Ethnic group (detailed)". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 30 January 2023.

[mofa-2] "U.K." Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. Retrieved 20 May 2021.

[Yi2008-3] Yi, David (19 July 2008), "Livin' in London", KoreAm Journal, archived from the original on 17 June 2011, retrieved 2008-09-10

[Buddhanet.info-4] Korean Buddhist congregations in the UK

[2011CensusEngWal-5] United Kingdom census (2011). "Table QS213EW - Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 20 May 2021.

[2011CensusScotland-6] United Kingdom census (2011). "Country of birth (detailed)" (PDF). National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 29 June 2015.

[2011CensusNI-7] United Kingdom census (2011). "Country of Birth - Full Detail: QS206NI". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Retrieved 29 June 2015.

[OECD-8] "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Archived from the original on 2011-05-04. Retrieved 2009-11-08.

[MOFAT2011-10] 재외동포 본문(지역별 상세), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2011-07-15, p. 244, retrieved 2012-02-25

[11] 재외동포현황 - 유럽 [Status of overseas compatriots - Europe] (in Korean), Overseas Korean Foundation, 2005, archived from the original on 2006-02-12, retrieved 2008-09-10

[12] "Table as_01: Asylum applications and initial decisions for main applicants, by country of nationality". Home Office. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015.

[13] "Population statistics: Persons of concern". UNHCR. Retrieved 10 October 2015.

[14] Jang, Yong-hun (25 July 2008). 英, 한국 국적 탈북자 추방 방침: RFA [UK North Korean refugees with South Korean nationality to be expelled: Radio Free Asia]. Yonhap News (in Korean). Retrieved 2008-09-10.

[15] Choi, Lyong (2011-10-26), "The British dilemma of North Korean refugees", LSE Ideas, archived from the original on 2011-11-01, retrieved 2012-08-28

[16] Leftly, Mark (28 November 2014). "UK may ship all North Korean asylum-seekers to South Korea". The Independent. Retrieved 10 October 2015.

[Benedictus2005-17] Benedictus, Leo (21 January 2005), "'This restaurant is a little bit of Korea brought into a very English town': Koreans in New Malden", The Guardian, London, retrieved 2008-09-10

[Marlow2006-18] Marlow, Peter (2006), Occupational Health and Safety Factors in the Korean Community (PDF), United Kingdom: Health and Safety Executive, Department for Work and Pensions, retrieved 2008-09-10

[Moore2007-19] Moore, Fiona; Lowe, Sid; Hwang, Ki-Soon (11 July 2007), "The Translator as Gatekeeper in the Korean Business Community in London" (PDF), Critical Management Studies Conference, University of Manchester, retrieved 2008-09-10

[20] Shaikh, Thair (22 June 2002), "Surrey town plays host to World Cup fever", The Daily Telegraph, London, retrieved 2008-09-10

[21] Geoghegan, Tim (25 June 2002), "Life and Seoul in Surrey", BBC News, retrieved 2008-09-10

[22] Russ, Willey (October 16, 2006), "Golders Green", Chambers London Gazetteer, Chambers Harrap, pp. 194, 340–343, ISBN 978-0-550-10259-1

[23] Hall, Sarah (25 June 2002), "With heart and soul in the Seoul of Surrey", The Guardian, London, retrieved 2008-09-10

[24] 영국 뉴몰든 한인 유통의 최강자 '코리아 푸드를 가다' [Strongman of Korean logistics in New Malden: "Go for Korean food"]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). 29 March 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-03-06. Retrieved 2008-09-10.

[25] Sims, Fiona (10 September 2014). "Korean food: a spice sensation taking Britain by storm". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 March 2015.

[26] Fischer, Paul (23 February 2015). "Korean Republic of New Malden". The Independent.

[27] Harden's London Restaurants 2015 ISBN 978-0-9929408-9-8

[28] United Kingdom census (2011). "Table DC2201EW - Ethnic group and religion". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 11 April 2021.

[29] Yoon, I Sil (July 2020). "Korean Christian Students' Adaptation and Integration in British Society: Their Identity Formation and Negotiation Processes". Studies in World Christianity. 26 (2): 133–154. doi:10.3366/swc.2020.0293. S2CID 219915811.

[30] Michael, Christopher (2008-04-09), "From despot's PR man to Surrey salesman", The Spectator, archived from the original on 2008-08-02, retrieved 2009-09-01

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{short description|Ethnic group}}
 {{Infobox ethnic group
-| group            = British Koreans<br />{{nobold|{{lang|ko-Hang|재영 한인}} / {{lang|ko-Hant|在英韓人}}}}
+| group            = British Koreans<br />{{nobold|{{lang|ko|재영 한인}} / {{lang|ko|在英韓人}}}}
 | image            =
-| population       = 40,770 (2019)<ref name="mofa">{{cite web |title=U.K. |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=127 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref>
+| population       = '''Ethnic Koreans:'''<br/>21,118 (England and Wales only, 2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=TS:002 Ethnic group (detailed) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS022/editions/2021/versions/2/filter-outputs/41d3c99d-976d-4553-858a-af16bc85554b?f=get-data#ethnic_group_288a |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=30 January 2023}}</ref><br/>'''Other estimates:'''<br/>40,770 (2019)<ref name="mofa">{{cite web |title=U.K. |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=127 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref>
 | popplace         = [[London]] and [[South East England|the South East]]
-| langs            = [[English language|English]], [[Korean language|Korean]]
+| langs            = [[English language|English]] ([[British English]]), [[Korean language|Korean]]
-| rels             = majority [[Protestant|Protestant Christian]],<ref name="Yi2008">{{citation|url=http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=ffd2e4d0bf54a05d72a2792a55135389&from=rss |last=Yi |first=David |date=19 July 2008 |title=Livin' in London |periodical=[[KoreAm Journal]] |access-date=2008-09-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617082351/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=ffd2e4d0bf54a05d72a2792a55135389&from=rss |archive-date=17 June 2011 }}</ref> minority [[Buddhist]]<ref name="Buddhanet.info">[http://www.buddhanet.info/wbd/search.php?keyword=korean&prev_keyword%5B%5D=korean&newsearch=new&search=Search&country_id=76&province_id=0 Korean Buddhist congregations in the UK]</ref>
+| rels             = majority [[Protestant|Protestant Christian]],<ref name="Yi2008">{{citation|url=http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=ffd2e4d0bf54a05d72a2792a55135389&from=rss |last=Yi |first=David |date=19 July 2008 |title=Livin' in London |periodical=[[KoreAm Journal]] |access-date=2008-09-10 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617082351/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=ffd2e4d0bf54a05d72a2792a55135389&from=rss |archive-date=17 June 2011 }}</ref> minority [[Buddhist]]<ref name="Buddhanet.info">[http://www.buddhanet.info/wbd/search.php?keyword=korean&prev_keyword%5B%5D=korean&newsearch=new&search=Search&country_id=76&province_id=0 Korean Buddhist congregations in the UK]</ref>
 }}
+{{Lists of British people}}
 '''Koreans in the United Kingdom''' include [[Korea]]n-born migrants to the [[United Kingdom]] and their British-born descendants tracing ancestries from [[North Korea]] and [[South Korea]].
@@ Line 14: / Line 15: @@
 ===Population size===
-The population of Koreans in the United Kingdom is hard to assess. According to South Korea's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] in 2019, there were 40,770 Koreans living in the United Kingdom.<ref name="mofa">{{cite web |title=U.K. |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=127 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref>
+The population of Koreans in the United Kingdom is hard to assess. According to South Korea's [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] in 2019, there were 40,770 Koreans living in the United Kingdom.<ref name="mofa">{{cite web |title=U.K. |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=127 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref>  This figure is quite different from data collected through the [[census in the United Kingdom]], which does not have a separate category for ethnic Koreans. UK census data does exist for residents who were born in South Korea. According to the [[2011 UK Census]], there were 16,276 people of South Korean birth living in England, 310 in Wales,<ref name=2011CensusEngWal>{{cite United Kingdom census |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/quick-statistics-for-england-and-wales-on-national-identity--passports-held-and-country-of-birth/rft-qs213ew.xls |table=Table QS213EW - Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales |year=2011 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref> 716 in Scotland,<ref name=2011CensusScotland>{{cite United Kingdom census|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2a_COB_detailed_Scotland.pdf|title=Country of birth (detailed)|year=2011|publisher=National Records of Scotland|access-date=29 June 2015}}</ref> and 92 in Northern Ireland.<ref name=2011CensusNI>{{cite United Kingdom census|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls |title=Country of Birth - Full Detail: QS206NI |publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency |access-date=29 June 2015 |year=2011}}</ref> For residents of North Korean birth, the corresponding numbers were 369 in England, 12 in Wales,<ref name=2011CensusEngWal/> and 11 in Scotland.<ref name=2011CensusScotland/>
-This figure is quite different from data collected through the [[census in the United Kingdom]], as it does not have a separate category for ethnic Koreans. Census data does exist in terms of UK residents who were born in South Korea. According to the [[2011 UK Census]], 16,276 residents of England were born in South Korea, 310 in Wales,<ref name=2011CensusEngWal>{{cite United Kingdom census |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/quick-statistics-for-england-and-wales-on-national-identity--passports-held-and-country-of-birth/rft-qs213ew.xls |table=Table QS213EW - Country of birth (expanded), regions in England and Wales |year=2011 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref> 716 in Scotland,<ref name=2011CensusScotland>{{cite United Kingdom census|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2a_COB_detailed_Scotland.pdf|title=Country of birth (detailed)|year=2011|publisher=National Records of Scotland|access-date=29 June 2015}}</ref> and 92 in Northern Ireland.<ref name=2011CensusNI>{{cite United Kingdom census|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS206NI.xls |title=Country of Birth - Full Detail: QS206NI |publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency |access-date=29 June 2015 |year=2011}}</ref> 369 people born in North Korea were recorded in England, 12 in Wales,<ref name=2011CensusEngWal/> and 11 in Scotland.<ref name=2011CensusScotland/>
 The previous, [[2001 UK Census]] recorded 12,310 UK residents born in South Korea.<ref name=OECD>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |title=Country-of-birth database |publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] |access-date=2009-11-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504031258/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |archive-date=2011-05-04 }}</ref> The 2011 report of [[South Korea]]'s [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (South Korea)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade]] showed 45,295 South Korean citizens or former citizens (regardless of birthplace) registered as living in the UK<ref group="fn">All South Korean citizens intending to reside overseas for more than 90 days are required by law to register with the South Korean consulate nearest their overseas residence. Failure to register can have negative consequences for taxes and real estate purchases, and overseas-born children who are not registered may have difficulty enrolling in South Korean schools. See {{citation|url=http://www.mofat.go.kr/consul/registration/index.jsp|language=ko-kr |script-title=ko:재외국민등록 |trans-title=Registration of nationals overseas|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade|publication-place=South Korea|year=2009|access-date=2009-11-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080430045002/http://www.mofat.go.kr/consul/registration/index.jsp|archive-date=2008-04-30}}</ref><ref name="MOFAT2011">{{citation|url=http://www.mofat.go.kr/webmodule/htsboard/template/read/korboardread.jsp?typeID=6&boardid=232&seqno=334627&c=&t=&pagenum=1&tableName=TYPE_DATABOARD&pc=&dc=&wc=&lu=&vu=&iu=&du=|script-title=ko:재외동포 본문(지역별 상세) |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade|date=2011-07-15|access-date=2012-02-25|page=244}}</ref> This means that Koreans in the United Kingdom are the 12th-largest group of [[Korean diaspora|overseas Koreans]], behind [[Korean Brazilian]]s and ahead of [[Koreans in Indonesia]].<ref name="MOFAT2011"/> According to the Overseas Korean Foundation, between 1999 and 2005, the UK's Korean population nearly quadrupled from 10,836, surpassing the older community of [[Koreans in Germany]] to become the largest in [[Europe]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.okf.or.kr/data/status_EU.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060212042502/http://www.okf.or.kr/data/status_EU.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-02-12 |language=ko-kr |script-title=ko:재외동포현황 - 유럽 |trans-title=Status of overseas compatriots - Europe|publisher=Overseas Korean Foundation |year=2005 |access-date=2008-09-10 }}</ref> Among those recorded in MOFAT's statistics, 3,839 were British citizens, 9,170 had [[indefinite leave to remain]], 19,000 were international students, and the other 14,820 had other kinds of visas. About two-thirds resided in the London area.<ref name="MOFAT2011"/>
@@ Line 22: / Line 21: @@
 Most come from South Korea; however, [[North Korean defectors]] have also sought asylum in the UK. The number of North Koreans claiming asylum in the UK peaked at 412 in 2007, having risen from only 45 in 2006. Numbers then dropped to 185 in 2008, and ranged between 20 and 37 per annum between 2009 and 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/455570/asylum1-q2-2015-tabs.ods|title=Table as_01: Asylum applications and initial decisions for main applicants, by country of nationality|publisher=Home Office|date=27 August 2015|access-date=10 October 2015}}</ref> According to [[UNHCR]] statistics, 622 recognised refugees and 59 asylum seekers from North Korea were present in the UK in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://popstats.unhcr.org/en/persons_of_concern/3HnZdh|title=Population statistics: Persons of concern|publisher=UNHCR|access-date=10 October 2015}}</ref>
-The UK grants asylum only to defectors who come directly from North Korea. In 2008, it was reported that 180 asylum seekers had had their applications rejected after police checks revealed that they had previously resided in [[South Korea]] (and thus had residency rights and [[South Korean nationality law|citizenship]] there, in accordance with the [[Constitution of the Republic of Korea|South Korean constitution]]).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=100&oid=001&aid=0002191330|last=Jang|first=Yong-hun|date=25 July 2008|language=ko-kr |script-title=ko:英, 한국 국적 탈북자 추방 방침: RFA |trans-title=UK North Korean refugees with South Korean nationality to be expelled: Radio Free Asia |periodical=Yonhap News|access-date=2008-09-10}}</ref> Some of the alleged North Korean defectors may also be [[Koreans in China|ethnic Koreans from China]] who purchased North Korean documents so that they could attempt to gain refugee status in developed countries. Efforts by [[UK Visas and Immigration]] and predecessors to identify fake defectors have not always been successful and have also been known to [[Type I and type II errors|misclassify]] actual defectors as fake ones.<ref>{{citation|first=Lyong|last=Choi|title=The British dilemma of North Korean refugees|work=LSE Ideas|date=2011-10-26|url=http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/ideas/2011/10/the-british-dilemma-of-north-korean-refugees/|access-date=2012-08-28}}</ref> In September 2014, an asylum tribunal dismissed the appeal of several North Koreans, ruling that the "appellants are South Korean citizens and their asylum appeal must fail".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/uk-may-ship-all-north-korean-asylum-seekers-to-south-korea-9891612.html|title=UK may ship all North Korean asylum-seekers to South Korea|work=The Independent|first=Mark|last=Leftly|date=28 November 2014|access-date=10 October 2015}}</ref>
+The UK grants asylum only to defectors who come directly from North Korea. In 2008, it was reported that 180 asylum seekers had had their applications rejected after police checks revealed that they had previously resided in [[South Korea]] (and thus had residency rights and [[South Korean nationality law|citizenship]] there, in accordance with the [[Constitution of the Republic of Korea|South Korean constitution]]).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=100&oid=001&aid=0002191330|last=Jang|first=Yong-hun|date=25 July 2008|language=ko-kr |script-title=ko:英, 한국 국적 탈북자 추방 방침: RFA |trans-title=UK North Korean refugees with South Korean nationality to be expelled: Radio Free Asia |periodical=Yonhap News|access-date=2008-09-10}}</ref> Some of the alleged North Korean defectors may also be [[Koreans in China|ethnic Koreans from China]] who purchased North Korean documents so that they could attempt to gain refugee status in developed countries. Efforts by [[UK Visas and Immigration]] and predecessors to identify fake defectors have not always been successful and have also been known to [[Type I and type II errors|misclassify]] actual defectors as fake ones.<ref>{{citation|first=Lyong|last=Choi|title=The British dilemma of North Korean refugees|work=LSE Ideas|date=2011-10-26|url=http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/ideas/2011/10/the-british-dilemma-of-north-korean-refugees/|access-date=2012-08-28|archive-date=2011-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101074233/http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/ideas/2011/10/the-british-dilemma-of-north-korean-refugees/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2014, an asylum tribunal dismissed the appeal of several North Koreans, ruling that the "appellants are South Korean citizens and their asylum appeal must fail".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/uk-may-ship-all-north-korean-asylum-seekers-to-south-korea-9891612.html|title=UK may ship all North Korean asylum-seekers to South Korea|work=The Independent|first=Mark|last=Leftly|date=28 November 2014|access-date=10 October 2015}}</ref>
 ===Population distribution===
@@ Line 34: / Line 33: @@
 ==Business==
-% of all Korean-owned businesses in the UK, are located in the New Malden area.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/jun/25/worldcupfootball2002.sarahhall|last=Hall|first=Sarah|date=25 June 2002|title=With heart and soul in the Seoul of Surrey|periodical=The Guardian|access-date=2008-09-10 | location=London}}</ref> The first Korean restaurant in New Malden was established in 1991.<ref name="Benedictus2005"/> Other Korean businesses in the area include hairdressers, stationery shops, travel agents, and Korean-language child care services; there used to be a bookstore selling imported Korean novels, but it closed down. Two rival Korean-language newspapers are also published there.<ref name="Moore2007">{{citation|chapter-url=http://www.mngt.waikato.ac.nz/ejrot/cmsconference/2007/proceedings/managementandphilology/moore.pdf|last1=Moore|first1=Fiona|last2=Lowe|first2=Sid|last3=Hwang|first3=Ki-Soon|date=11 July 2007|chapter=The Translator as Gatekeeper in the Korean Business Community in London|title=Critical Management Studies Conference|publisher=University of Manchester|access-date=2008-09-10}}</ref> Korean grocers do good business, as Korean food products, unlike those from [[India]] or [[Japan]], tend to be unavailable from mainstream retailers such as [[Tesco]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chosun.com/uklife/news/200603/200603290667.html |language=ko-kr |script-title=ko:영국 뉴몰든 한인 유통의 최강자 '코리아 푸드를 가다' |trans-title=Strongman of Korean logistics in New Malden: "Go for Korean food"|periodical=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=29 March 2006|access-date=2008-09-10}}</ref> While Korean food has not historically been as popular as [[Chinese food]], and Korean restaurants in London have been described as "mostly student hang-outs, offering simple food at bargain prices", it is gaining popularity, particularly in the gourmet [[street food]] market.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/11084083/Korean-food-a-spice-sensation-taking-Britain-by-storm.html|title=Korean food: a spice sensation taking Britain by storm|first=Fiona|last=Sims|work=Daily Telegraph|date=10 September 2014|access-date=7 March 2015}}</ref>
+% of all Korean-owned businesses in the UK, are located in the New Malden area.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/jun/25/worldcupfootball2002.sarahhall|last=Hall|first=Sarah|date=25 June 2002|title=With heart and soul in the Seoul of Surrey|periodical=The Guardian|access-date=2008-09-10 | location=London}}</ref> The first Korean restaurant in New Malden was established in 1991.<ref name="Benedictus2005"/> Other Korean businesses in the area include hairdressers, stationery shops, travel agents, and Korean-language child care services; there used to be a bookstore selling imported Korean novels, but it closed down. Two rival Korean-language newspapers are also published there.<ref name="Moore2007">{{citation|chapter-url=http://www.mngt.waikato.ac.nz/ejrot/cmsconference/2007/proceedings/managementandphilology/moore.pdf|last1=Moore|first1=Fiona|last2=Lowe|first2=Sid|last3=Hwang|first3=Ki-Soon|date=11 July 2007|chapter=The Translator as Gatekeeper in the Korean Business Community in London|title=Critical Management Studies Conference|publisher=University of Manchester|access-date=2008-09-10}}</ref> Korean grocers do good business, as Korean food products, unlike those from [[India]] or [[Japan]], tend to be unavailable from mainstream retailers such as [[Tesco]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chosun.com/uklife/news/200603/200603290667.html|language=ko-kr|script-title=ko:영국 뉴몰든 한인 유통의 최강자 '코리아 푸드를 가다'|trans-title=Strongman of Korean logistics in New Malden: "Go for Korean food"|periodical=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=29 March 2006|access-date=2008-09-10|archive-date=2009-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306181752/http://www.chosun.com/uklife/news/200603/200603290667.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> While Korean food has not historically been as popular as [[Chinese food]], and Korean restaurants in London have been described as "mostly student hang-outs, offering simple food at bargain prices", it is gaining popularity, particularly in the gourmet [[street food]] market.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/11084083/Korean-food-a-spice-sensation-taking-Britain-by-storm.html|title=Korean food: a spice sensation taking Britain by storm|first=Fiona|last=Sims|work=Daily Telegraph|date=10 September 2014|access-date=7 March 2015}}</ref>
 A 2006 study of Korean businesses in Kingston upon Thames noted that Korean business owners' unfamiliarity with commercial practices in the UK, along with language barriers, have sometimes led them into conflict with governmental regulators; the Health and Safety Executive noted that [[Korean barbecue]] restaurants are especially problematic in this regard, as they often imported small, uncertified table-top gas cookers directly from South Korea for self-installation, rather than hiring a registered gas engineer to install and inspect them, and took no corrective action when issued with warnings.<ref name="Marlow2006"/> The language barrier is compounded by the lack of translators; one Korean translator estimated that she had only four or five competitors in the entire country.<ref name="Moore2007"/> Today, most South Koreans speak English<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fischer|first1=Paul|title=Korean Republic of New Malden|work=The Independent|date=23 February 2015}}</ref> and many high-quality restaurants can be found in London's West End.<ref>''Harden's London Restaurants 2015'' {{ISBN|978-0-9929408-9-8}}</ref>
@@ Line 59: / Line 58: @@
 * [[Yongcheol Shin]], econometrician and professor
 * [[Ha-Joon Chang]], economist, [[University of Cambridge]]
+* [[Suji Kwock Kim]], poet and playwright
 * [[Clara Lee]], South Korean actress of Korean and British descent born in Switzerland
+* [[Ela Lee]], author
 * [[Shannon (Korean singer)|Shannon]], South Korean singer of Korean and Welsh descent
 * [[Jill Vidal]], Hong Kong singer of Korean and Filipino descent
 * [[Sue Son]], South Korean classical violinist. Born in [[Seoul]], and raised in [[Colchester]]
-* [[Jack Aitken]], Formula 1 driver for [[Williams Racing]]
+* [[Jack Aitken]], racing driver
-*[[Hwang Hee-chan]], football player with [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.]]
+* [[Hwang Hee-chan]], football player with [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.]]
+* [[Kris Kim]], golfer
-* [[June Eun-Chae]], South Korean actress. Lived in [[London]] for eight years.
+* [[Ioanna Kimbook]], Cyprus-born actress
+* [[Yiruma]], South Korean pianist.
+* [[Su-a Lee]], South Korean-born Scottish cellist
+* [[Hyung-ki Joo]], pianist
+* [[Peggy Gou]], DJ and record producer based in [[Berlin]]
 <!-- ONLY ADD A PERSON TO THIS LIST IF THEY ALREADY HAVE AN ARTICLE IN THE ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA. -->
 ==See also==
+* [[South Korea–United Kingdom relations]]
+* [[North Korea–United Kingdom relations]]
+* [[British East and Southeast Asian]]
 * [[East Asians in the United Kingdom]]
@@ Line 85: / Line 94: @@
 * [http://www.londonkoreanlinks.net/blog/food/ Korean Food in London]
 * [http://britishkoreansociety.org.uk/ British Korean Society (formerly the Anglo-Korean Society)]
-* [http://bkws.org.uk/ British Korean Women's Society]
+* [http://bkws.org.uk/ British Korean Women's Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210093836/http://www.bkws.org.uk/ |date=2015-02-10 }}
-* [http://londonkoreanlinks.net/ London Korean Links(Korean cultural events in London)]
+* [http://londonkoreanlinks.net/ London Korean Links (Korean cultural events in London)]
 * [http://london.korean-culture.org/ Korean-Culture Centre in London]
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191010131755/https://gokorea.co.uk/ Go Korea (Korean Tourist Organisation)]
-* [http://www.kotra.org.uk/ Korea Business Centre London (KOTRA)]
+* [http://www.kotra.org.uk/ Korea Business Centre London (KOTRA)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410103606/http://www.kotra.org.uk/ |date=2015-04-10 }}
 {{Korean diaspora}}
@@ Line 95: / Line 104: @@
 [[Category:Asian diaspora in the United Kingdom]]
-[[Category:Overseas Korean groups|United Kingdom]]
+[[Category:Korean diaspora in Europe|United Kingdom]]
 [[Category:British people of Korean descent| ]]
 [[Category:South Korean expatriates in the United Kingdom| ]]
 [[Category:Immigration to the United Kingdom by country of origin]]
+[[Category:Korean diaspora by country|United Kingdom]]