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! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
|-
| colspan=2|[[Amis language|Amis]] || 'u'ul
| colspan=2|[[Amis language|Amis]] || {{lang|ami|'''{{`}}'''u'''{{`}}'''ul}}
|{{IPA|[ʡuʡuɺ̠ᵊ]}} ||'fog'||May have a trilled release, {{IPA|[ʡ<sup>ʢ</sup>]}}.
|{{IPA|[ʡuʡuɺ̠ᵊ]}} ||'fog'||May have a trilled release, {{IPA|[ʡ<sup>ʢ</sup>]}}.
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Archi language|Archi]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Archi Language Tutorial|url=http://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121902/http://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf|archive-date=2015-04-02|access-date=2021-05-03}}</ref>|| {{lang|kbd-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''гӀ'''арз]]}}/g'arz ||{{IPA|[ʡarz]}}||'complaint'||
| colspan="2" | [[Archi language|Archi]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Archi Language Tutorial|url=http://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121902/http://www.archi.surrey.ac.uk/handout.pdf|archive-date=2015-04-02|access-date=2021-05-03}}</ref>|| {{lang|aqc|[[Cyrillic script|'''гӀ'''арз]]}}/{{transl|aqc|g'arz}} ||{{IPA|[ʡarz]}}||'complaint'||
|-
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Dahalo language|Dahalo]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Maddieson|Spajić|Sands|Ladefoged|1993|pp=27, 30, 33}}</ref> ||colspan="2" align="center" | {{Audio-IPA| tɬʼaːʡa.wav|[tɬʼaːʡa]}}||'lake'||
| colspan="2" | [[Dahalo language|Dahalo]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Maddieson|Spajić|Sands|Ladefoged|1993|pp=27, 30, 33}}</ref> ||colspan="2" align="center" | {{Audio-IPA| tɬʼaːʡa.wav|[tɬʼaːʡa]}}||'lake'||
|-
|-
| [[Haida language|Haida]] || Northern dialects || '''g̱'''antl || {{IPA|[ʡʌntɬ]}}||'water'|| Corresponds to /q/ in southern dialects.
| [[Haida language|Haida]] || Northern dialects || {{lang|hdn|'''g̱'''antl}} || {{IPA|[ʡʌntɬ]}}||'water'|| Corresponds to /q/ in southern dialects.
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Ingush language|Ingush]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nichols|first=Johanna|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/468975855|title=Ingush grammar|date=2011|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-09877-0|edition=1st|location=Berkeley, CA|oclc=468975855}}</ref>
| colspan="2" |[[Ingush language|Ingush]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nichols|first=Johanna|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/468975855|title=Ingush grammar|date=2011|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-09877-0|edition=1st|location=Berkeley, CA|oclc=468975855}}</ref>
|Ӏам/'''w'''am
|{{lang|inh|'''Ӏ'''ам}}/{{transl|inh|'''w'''am}}
|{{IPA|[ʡam]}}
|{{IPA|[ʡam]}}
|'lake, pond'
|'lake, pond'
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==References==
==References==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation
* {{cite journal
|last=Maddieson
|last1=Maddieson
|first=Ian
|first1=Ian
|author-link=Ian Maddieson
|author-link=Ian Maddieson
|last2=Spajić
|last2=Spajić
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|first4=Peter
|first4=Peter
|author-link4=Peter Ladefoged
|author-link4=Peter Ladefoged
|year=1993
|date=June 1993
|chapter=Phonetic structures of Dahalo
|title=Phonetic structures of Dahalo
|editor-last=Maddieson
|editor-last=Maddieson
|editor-first=Ian
|editor-first=Ian
|journal=UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics
|title=UCLA working papers in phonetics: Fieldwork studies of targeted languages
|volume=84: Fieldwork studies of targeted languages
|volume=84
|pages=25–65
|pages=25–65
|place=Los Angeles
|place=Los Angeles
|publisher=The UCLA Phonetics Laboratory Group
|publisher=UCLA
|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k45g432
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

Latest revision as of 04:38, 30 December 2024

Epiglottal plosive
(pharyngeal plosive)
ʡ
IPA number173
Audio sample
Encoding
Entity (decimal)&#673;
Unicode (hex)U+02A1
X-SAMPA>\
Braille⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)

The epiglottal or pharyngeal plosive (or stop) is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʡ⟩.

Epiglottal and pharyngeal consonants occur at the same place of articulation. Esling (2010) describes the sound covered by the term "epiglottal plosive" as an "active closure by the aryepiglottic pharyngeal stricture mechanism" – that is, a stop produced by the aryepiglottic folds within the pharynx.[1]

Features

[edit]

The epiglottis is labelled as "12" in this diagram.

Features of the epiglottal stop:

Occurrence

[edit]
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Amis 'u'ul [ʡuʡuɺ̠ᵊ] 'fog' May have a trilled release, [ʡʢ].
Archi[2] гӀарз/g'arz [ʡarz] 'complaint'
Dahalo[3] [tɬʼaːʡa]ⓘ 'lake'
Haida Northern dialects g̱antl [ʡʌntɬ] 'water' Corresponds to /q/ in southern dialects.
Ingush[4] Ӏам/wam [ʡam] 'lake, pond' Also represented with "Ӏ" in the Cyrillic orthography.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ John Esling (2010) "Phonetic Notation", in Hardcastle, Laver & Gibbon (eds) The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences, 2nd ed., p 695.
  2. ^ "The Archi Language Tutorial" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
  3. ^ Maddieson et al. (1993:27, 30, 33)
  4. ^ Nichols, Johanna (2011). Ingush grammar (1st ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-09877-0. OCLC 468975855.

References

[edit]
[edit]
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