Mirsk: Difference between revisions

Mirsk
Mirsk
	Mirsk Town Hall
	Flag Coat of arms
	Mirsk
	Coordinates: 50°58′9″N 15°22′58″E / 50.96917°N 15.38278°E
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Lower Silesian
County	Lwówek Śląski
Gmina	Mirsk
Town rights	1329/1337
Area
• Total	14.66 km2 (5.66 sq mi)
Elevation	350 m (1,150 ft)
Population (2019-06-30)
• Total	3,886
• Density	270/km2 (690/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code	+48 75
Vehicle registration	DLW
Climate	Dfb
Voivodeship road
Website	http://www.mirsk.pl

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Mirsk [mʲirsk] is a town in Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Mirsk, close to the Czech border.

The town is situated on the upper Kwisa river^[2] north of the Jizera Mountains, approximately 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Lwówek Śląski, and 118 kilometres (73 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław, within the historic region of Lower Silesia. As of 2019, the town has a population of 3,886.

History

The settlement arose in the 13th century where the medieval trade route from Jelenia Góra to Zittau crossed the border with Upper Lusatia. As a result of the fragmentation of Poland, in 1319 it became part the small Piast-ruled Duchy of Jawor.^[4] It was granted town privileges modelled after nearby Lwówek Śląski by the Duke Henry I of Jawor in 1337 (according to other sources in 1329^[4]). Upon the death of his successor Duke Bolko II the Small in 1368, it passed to the Bohemian Crown and was enfeoffed to the noble House of Schaffgotsch in 1425. In 1431 it was successfully defended against the Hussites.^[4] An annual fair took place in the town from 1521.^[4] The town was one of the largest centers of linen cloth production in Silesia, as of the late 16th century. During the Thirty Years' War, troops from various countries plundered the town as many as 31 times.^[4]

With most of Silesia, it was annexed as Friedeberg by Prussia in 1742 and incorporated into the Silesia Province. Barracks for French troops were built near the town during the Napoleonic Wars.^[4] Four annual fairs were held in the town in the late 19th century.^[2] The town received railroad connections with Gryfów in 1884, Jindřichovice pod Smrkem in 1904 and Świeradów in 1909.^[4]

In 1938, part of the village of Skarbków was merged with the town.^[4] During World War II, the Germans created a forced labour camp for Jewish women at a linen spinning mill in Skarbków, which in 1944 became a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp.^[5] In January 1945, the camp was dissolved and the prisoners were moved to a subcamp of Gross-Rosen in Chrastava in German-occupied Czechoslovakia.^[5]

After surrender of Nazi Germany, the border changes demanded by the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference placed the town in Poland. On June 24, 1945, Polish troops forced deportation of many townspeople, who had to march for two days by Mroczkowice, Wolimierz and finally to Radomierzyce. However, most returned to their homes, and suffered oppression and plundering by Polish militia. Eventually, all population had to leave their home on July 11, 1945. Polish settlers arrived to settle the town.^[6]

In 1961 the entire village of Skarbków was included within the town limits.^[4]

Former names

German names, 1201–1945: Eulendorf, Fridberg, Friedeberg; Friedeberg am Queis to distinguish it from Brandenburgian Friedeberg (Strzelce Krajeńskie), Friedeberg/Isergebirge from 1934; for a short period after World War II literally translated as Polish: Spokojna Góra meaning "peaceful mountain". The present name, adopted in 1947, is derived from the Russian word "mir", translated as "peace", however, this word does not exist in the Polish language. It is possible that the post-war Polish authorities in Mirsk were forced to show gratitude to the Soviet Red Army for supposed liberation from the Nazis and for granting Poland the Recovered Territories.

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1880	2,722	—
1890	2,670	−1.9%
1900	2,631	−1.5%
1910	2,553	−3.0%
1925	2,523	−1.2%

Year	Pop.	±%
1939	2,883	+14.3%
1950	2,388	−17.2%
1960	3,962	+65.9%
2010	4,111	+3.8%

Source: ^[7]^[8]

Sports

The local football club is Włókniarz Mirsk.^[9] It competes in the lower divisions.

Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Mirsk.

References

^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
^ ^a ^b Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom II (in Polish). Warszawa. 1881. p. 409.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Piotr Roczek. "kościół parafialny pw. Zwiastowania Najświętszej Marii Panny". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 31 December 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Historia miasta Mirsk". Serwis Urzędu Miasta i Gminy Mirsk (in Polish). Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2009). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 738.
^ Heimatbuch des Kreises Löwenberg in Schlesien (in German). Kreis Löwenberg, Landkreis Hannover. 1959. p. 313.
^ Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 31.
^ Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.
^ "MKS "Włókniarz" Mirsk" - Oficjalny Serwis Klubu" (in Polish). Retrieved 31 December 2024.

External links

Official town webpage

[1] "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.

[sgk-2] Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom II (in Polish). Warszawa. 1881. p. 409.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[3] Piotr Roczek. "kościół parafialny pw. Zwiastowania Najświętszej Marii Panny". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 31 December 2024.

[MI-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Historia miasta Mirsk". Serwis Urzędu Miasta i Gminy Mirsk (in Polish). Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2019.

[ushm-5] Megargee, Geoffrey P. (2009). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 738.

[6] Heimatbuch des Kreises Löwenberg in Schlesien (in German). Kreis Löwenberg, Landkreis Hannover. 1959. p. 313.

[7] Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 31.

[8] Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r. (PDF) (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011.

[9] "MKS "Włókniarz" Mirsk" - Oficjalny Serwis Klubu" (in Polish). Retrieved 31 December 2024.

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 | name = Mirsk
 | image_flag = POL Mirsk flag.svg
+| image_skyline = Mirsk - Ratusz (XVI w.) 1.jpg
+| image_caption = Mirsk Town Hall
 | image_shield = POL Mirsk COA.svg
+| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
-| coordinates_region = PL
-| subdivision_type = Country
 | subdivision_name = {{POL}}
 | subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
-| subdivision_name1 = [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Lower Silesian]]
+| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Lower Silesian Voivodeship|name=Lower Silesian}}
 | subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
 | subdivision_name2 = [[Lwówek Śląski County|Lwówek Śląski]]
 | subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
 | subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Mirsk|Mirsk]]
+| coordinates = {{coord|50|58|9|N|15|22|58|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
-| latd = 50 | latm = 58 | lats = 9 | latNS = N | longd = 15 | longm = 22 | longs = 58 | longEW = E
 | pushpin_map = Poland
+| established_title = Town rights
+| established_date = 1329/1337
 | area_total_km2 = 14.66
 | population_density_km2 = auto
 | elevation_m = 350
+| population_as_of = 2019-06-30<ref>{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2019-as-of-30th-june,3,26.html|website=stat.gov.pl|publisher=Statistics Poland|date=2019-10-15|access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref>
-| population_as_of = 2006
-| population_total = 4136
+| population_total = 3886
+| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
-| website = http://www.mirsk.pl }}
+| utc_offset = +1
-'''Mirsk''' {{IPAc-pl|m|J|i|r|s|k}} ({{lang-de|Friedeberg}}) is a town in [[Lwówek Śląski County]], [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship]], in south-western [[Poland]]. It is the seat of the administrative district ([[gmina]]) called [[Gmina Mirsk]], close to the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] border. Prior to 1945 it was in [[Germany]].
+| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
-[[File:Mirsk Ratusz.jpg|thumb|left|Town hall]]
+| utc_offset_DST = +2
-The town is situated on the upper [[Kwisa]] river north of the [[Jizera Mountains]], approximately {{convert|22|km|mi|0}} south-west of [[Lwówek Śląski]], and {{convert|118|km|mi|0}} west of the regional capital [[Wrocław]]. As at 2006, the town has a population of 4,136.
+| registration_plate = DLW
+| area_code = +48 75
+| blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
+| blank_info = [[Humid continental climate#Mild/cool summer subtype|Dfb]]
+| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Voivodeship road]]
+| blank1_info_sec2 = [[File:DW361-PL.svg|32px|link=Voivodeship road 361]]
+| website = http://www.mirsk.pl
+}}
+'''Mirsk''' {{IPAc-pl|m|J|i|r|s|k}} is a town in [[Lwówek Śląski County]], [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship]], in south-western [[Poland]]. It is the seat of the administrative district ([[gmina]]) called [[Gmina Mirsk]], close to the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] border.
+The town is situated on the upper [[Kwisa]] river<ref name=sgk/> north of the [[Jizera Mountains]], approximately {{convert|22|km|mi|0}} south-west of [[Lwówek Śląski]], and {{convert|118|km|mi|0}} west of the regional capital [[Wrocław]], within the historic region of [[Lower Silesia]]. As of 2019, the town has a population of 3,886.
 ==History==
+[[File:Mirsk - Kościół Zwiastowania NMP 1.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]-[[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zabytek.pl/pl/obiekty/mirsk-kosciol-parafialny-zwiastowania-nmp|title=kościół parafialny pw. Zwiastowania Najświętszej Marii Panny|website=Zabytek.pl|language=pl|author=Piotr Roczek|access-date=31 December 2024}}</ref> Church of the Annunciation of Mary]]
-The settlement arose in the 13th century where the medieval trade route from [[Jelenia Góra]] to [[Zittau]] crossed the border with [[Upper Lusatia]]. In the course of the German ''[[Ostsiedlung]]'', it received [[German town law|town privileges]] by the [[Silesia]]n Duke [[Henry I of Jawor]] in 1337. Upon the death of his successor Duke [[Bolko II the Small]] in 1368, it passed to the [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Bohemian Crown]] and was enfeoffed to the noble [[House of Schaffgotsch]] in 1425.
+The settlement arose in the 13th century where the medieval trade route from [[Jelenia Góra]] to [[Zittau]] crossed the border with [[Upper Lusatia]]. As a result of the [[History of Poland during the Piast dynasty#Fragmentation of the realm (1138–1320)|fragmentation of Poland]], in 1319 it became part the small [[Piast dynasty|Piast]]-ruled [[Duchy of Jawor]].<ref name=MI>{{cite web|url=http://mirsk.pl/pl/article/181|title=Historia miasta Mirsk|website=Serwis Urzędu Miasta i Gminy Mirsk|access-date=August 12, 2019|language=pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812193406/https://mirsk.pl/pl/article/181|archive-date=12 August 2019}}</ref> It was granted [[town privileges]] modelled after nearby [[Lwówek Śląski]] by the Duke [[Henry I of Jawor]] in 1337 (according to other sources in 1329<ref name=MI/>). Upon the death of his successor Duke [[Bolko II the Small]] in 1368, it passed to the [[Lands of the Bohemian Crown|Bohemian Crown]] and was enfeoffed to the noble [[House of Schaffgotsch]] in 1425. In 1431 it was successfully defended against the [[Hussites]].<ref name=MI/> An annual [[fair]] took place in the town from 1521.<ref name=MI/> The town was one of the largest centers of linen cloth production in Silesia, as of the late 16th century. During the [[Thirty Years' War]], troops from various countries plundered the town as many as 31 times.<ref name=MI/>
-With most of Silesia, Friedeberg was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in 1742 and incorporated into the [[Silesia Province]]. With the implementation of the [[Oder-Neisse line]] in 1945 it passed to the [[People's Republic of Poland|Republic of Poland]].
+With most of [[Silesia]], it was annexed as ''Friedeberg'' by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in 1742 and incorporated into the [[Silesia Province]]. Barracks for French troops were built near the town during the [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=MI/> Four annual fairs were held in the town in the late 19th century.<ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom II|year=1881|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=409}}</ref> The town received railroad connections with [[Gryfów Śląski|Gryfów]] in 1884, [[Jindřichovice pod Smrkem]] in 1904 and [[Świeradów-Zdrój|Świeradów]] in 1909.<ref name=MI/>
+In 1938, part of the village of Skarbków was merged with the town.<ref name=MI/> During [[World War II]], the Germans created a [[Forced labour under German rule during World War II|forced labour]] camp for [[Jews|Jewish]] women at a linen spinning mill in Skarbków, which in 1944 became a subcamp of the [[Gross-Rosen concentration camp]].<ref name=ushm>{{cite book|last=Megargee|first=Geoffrey P.|year=2009|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=738}}</ref> In January 1945, the camp was dissolved and the prisoners were moved to a subcamp of Gross-Rosen in [[Chrastava]] in [[Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)|German-occupied Czechoslovakia]].<ref name=ushm/>
-==Famous Residents==
-Mirsk has been the home of a number of important historical figures. [[Nicolaus Copernicus]], the renowned 13th century astronomer stayed over a year at Mirsk after contracting food poisoning that kept him bed ridden for nearly a year. The DNA tests conducted on the remains of Copernicus by [[Gerardo Riviera]] conclusively proved that it was not food poisoning but a vicious genital warts infection caught from a Mirsk prostitute that  incapacitated the great man and is squarely blamed for a number of important events which otherwise may have not happened. Mirsk residents have capitalized on the legend by creating an annual [[Venereal Disease]] Summer Fun Festival as well as opening up the world's only [[Museum of Genital Warts]].
+After surrender of [[Nazi Germany]], the border changes demanded by the [[Soviet Union]] at the [[Potsdam Conference]] placed the town in Poland. On June 24, 1945, Polish troops forced deportation of many townspeople, who had to march for two days by [[Mroczkowice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Mroczkowice]], [[Wolimierz]] and finally to [[Radomierzyce, Zgorzelec County|Radomierzyce]]. However, most returned to their homes, and suffered oppression and plundering by Polish militia. Eventually, all population had to leave their home on July 11, 1945. [[Polish people|Polish]] settlers arrived to settle the town.<ref>{{cite book|title=Heimatbuch des Kreises Löwenberg in Schlesien|publisher=Kreis Löwenberg, Landkreis Hannover|year= 1959|language=de|pages=313}}</ref>
+In 1961 the entire village of Skarbków was included within the town limits.<ref name=MI/>
 ===Former names===
-[[German language|German]] names, 1201-1945: ''Eulendorf'', ''Fridberg'', ''Friedeberg''; ''Friedeberg am Queis'' to distinguish it from Brandenburgian [[Strzelce Krajeńskie|Friedeberg]] (Strzelce Krajeńskie), ''Friedeberg/Isergebirge'' from 1934; for a short period after [[World War II]] literally translated as {{lang-pl|Spokojna Góra}} meaning "peaceful mountain". The present name adopted in 1947 is derived from {{lang-ru|Мир}}, "peace".
+[[German language|German]] names, 1201–1945: ''Eulendorf'', ''Fridberg'', ''Friedeberg''; ''Friedeberg am Queis'' to distinguish it from Brandenburgian [[Strzelce Krajeńskie|Friedeberg]] (Strzelce Krajeńskie), ''Friedeberg/Isergebirge'' from 1934; for a short period after [[World War II]] literally translated as {{langx|pl|Spokojna Góra}} meaning "peaceful mountain". The present name, adopted in 1947, is derived from the Russian word "mir", translated as "peace", however, this word does not exist in the Polish language. It is possible that the post-war Polish authorities in Mirsk were forced to show gratitude to the Soviet Red Army for supposed liberation from the Nazis and for granting Poland the [[Recovered Territories]].
+==Demographics==
-==International relations==
+[[File:Mirsk - Zabytkowa zabudowa rynku 3.jpg|thumb|''Plac Wolności'' (Freedom Square)]]
-{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
+{{Historical populations|align=left|cols=2|1880|2722|1890|2670|1900|2631|1910|2553|1925|2523|1939|2883|1950|2388|1960|3962|2010|4111
+|source=<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Dokumentacja Geograficzna|volume=3/4|year=1967|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Geografii [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|page=31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|url=https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|title=Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r.|year=2011|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|page=48|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152513/https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref>}}
+{{clear|left}}
+==Sports==
-===Twin towns — Sister cities===
+The local [[association football|football]] club is Włókniarz Mirsk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mks.mirsk.pl/news.php|title=MKS "Włókniarz" Mirsk" - Oficjalny Serwis Klubu|language=pl|access-date=31 December 2024}}</ref> It competes in the lower divisions.
-Mirsk is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
-*{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Nové Město pod Smrkem]], [[Czech Republic]]
+==Twin towns – sister cities==
-*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Herford]], [[Germany]]
+See [[Gmina Mirsk#Twin towns – sister cities|twin towns of Gmina Mirsk]].
-*{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Świeradów-Zdrój]], [[Poland]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
+{{Commons category}}
 *[http://www.mirsk.pl/ Official town webpage]
-{{commons}}
 {{Gmina Mirsk}}
+{{Authority control}}
-{{coord|50|58|9|N|15|22|58|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}
 [[Category:Cities and towns in Lower Silesian Voivodeship]]
 [[Category:Lwówek Śląski County]]
 [[Category:Cities in Silesia]]
+[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]
-[[cs:Mirsk]]
-[[de:Mirsk]]
-[[eo:Mirsk]]
-[[fr:Mirsk]]
-[[jv:Mirsk]]
-[[lv:Mirska]]
-[[ms:Mirsk]]
-[[nl:Mirsk]]
-[[pl:Mirsk]]
-[[pt:Mirsk]]
-[[ro:Mirsk]]
-[[ru:Мирск]]
-[[sk:Mirsk]]
-[[uk:Мірськ]]
-[[vi:Mirsk]]
-[[zh:米爾斯克]]

v t e Gmina Mirsk
Town and seat	Mirsk
Villages	Brzeziniec Gajówka Giebułtów Gierczyn Grudza Kamień Karłowiec Kłopotnica Kotlina Krobica Kwieciszowice Mlądz Mroczkowice Orłowice Proszowa Przecznica Rębiszów

Authority control databases
International	VIAF 2 WorldCat
National	United States Czech Republic Israel