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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Geographical imbalance|date=September 2017}}
{{Geographical imbalance|date=September 2017}}
{{Speciesbox
{{speciesbox
| name = Band-tailed pigeon
| name = Band-tailed pigeon
| image = Patagioenas fasciata -San Luis Obispo, California, USA-8 (1).jpg
| image = Patagioenas fasciata -San Luis Obispo, California, USA-8 (1).jpg
Line 6: Line 7:
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22725264/0 |title=''Patagioenas fasciata'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2014 |access-date=1 November 2014|ref=harv}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Patagioenas fasciata'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22725264A94888623 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725264A94888623.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref>
| status2 = G4
| status2_system = TNC
| status2_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=''Patagioenas fasciata''. NatureServe Explorer 2.0 |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103830/Patagioenas_fasciata |website=explorer.natureserve.org |access-date=10 August 2023}}</ref>
| genus = Patagioenas
| genus = Patagioenas
| species = fasciata
| species = fasciata
| authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1823)
| authority = ([[Thomas Say|Say]], 1822)
| synonyms = ''Columba fasciata'' <small>(Say, 1823)</small><br/>
| synonyms = ''Columba fasciata'' <small>(Say, 1823)</small><br/>
Northern band-tailed pigeon (''Patagioenas fasciata'')<br/>
''Patagioenas albilinea''
Southern band-tailed pigeon (''Patagioenas albilinea'')
| range_map = Patagioenas fasciata map.svg
| range_map = Patagioenas fasciata map.svg
}}
}}


The '''band-tailed pigeon''' ('''''Patagioenas fasciata''''')<ref name=Sibley/> is a pigeon native to [[the Americas]], and the largest pigeon native to [[North America]]. They are a native species throughout the Southwestern United States and [[Mexico]], extending south to [[Peru]].
⚫
The '''band-tailed pigeon''' (''Patagioenas fasciata'')<ref name=Sibley/> is a medium-sized [[bird]] of [[the Americas]]. Its closest relatives are the [[Chilean pigeon]] and the [[ring-tailed pigeon]], which form a [[clade]] of ''Patagioenas'' with a terminal tail band and iridescent plumage on their necks.<ref name=Johnson2001/> There are at least 8 sub-species, and some authorities split this species into the northern band-tailed pigeon (''Patagioenas fasciata'')<ref name=BirdLife_a/> and the southern band-tailed pigeon (''Patagioenas albilinea'').<ref name=BirdLife_b/><ref name="Nat'l Geo on-line">{{cite web|last1=National Geographic|title=Band-Tailed Pigeon|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/b/band-tailed-pigeon/|website=National Geographic - Animals - Birds|publisher=National Geographic Society|accessdate=18 September 2017|ref=National Geographic book Complete Birds of North America, 2006}}</ref>


== Taxonomy ==
⚫
It ranges from [[British Columbia]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[Oregon]], [[California]], and southern [[Arizona]] south in higher elevations through [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] to northern [[Argentina]]. In autumn it [[bird migration|migrates]] out of its permanent resident range into northern [[California]], [[New Mexico]], and parts of [[Utah]] and [[Colorado]]. It is found from almost sea level to {{convert|3600|m|ft|abbr=on|-3}}, generally in [[oak]], [[pine]]-oak, and [[Pinophyta|coniferous]] forests. It feeds on seeds, notably acorns, as well as berries and small fruits.
⚫
Its closest living relatives are the [[Chilean pigeon]] and the [[ring-tailed pigeon]], which form a [[clade]] of ''Patagioenas'' with a terminal tail band and iridescent plumage on their necks.<ref name="Johnson2001" /> There are at least 8 sub-species, and some authorities split this species into the northern band-tailed pigeon (''Patagioenas fasciata'')<ref name="BirdLife_a" /> and the southern band-tailed pigeon (''Patagioenas albilinea'').<ref name="BirdLife_b" /><ref name="Nat'l Geo on-line">{{cite web|last1=National Geographic|title=Band-Tailed Pigeon|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/b/band-tailed-pigeon/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415093638/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/b/band-tailed-pigeon/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 15, 2017|website=National Geographic - Animals - Birds|publisher=National Geographic Society|access-date=18 September 2017|ref=National Geographic book Complete Birds of North America, 2006}}</ref>

=== Use as genetic proxy ===
The band-tailed pigeon is the closest living relative of the [[Extinction|extinct]] [[passenger pigeon]] and has been investigated for use in [[De-extinction#Passenger pigeon|efforts to bring back]] that species.<ref name="NYT" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Great Passenger Pigeon Comeback |url=https://reviverestore.org/about-the-passenger-pigeon/ |access-date=2023-08-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
⚫
It ranges from [[British Columbia]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], [[Oregon]], [[California]], and southern [[Arizona]] south in higher elevations through [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] to northern [[Argentina]]. In autumn it [[bird migration|migrates]] out of its permanent resident range into northern California, [[New Mexico]], and parts of [[Utah]] and [[Colorado]]. It is found from almost sea level to {{convert|3600|m|ft|abbr=on|-3}}, generally in [[oak]], [[pine]]-oak, and [[Pinophyta|coniferous]] forests. It feeds on seeds, notably acorns, as well as berries and small fruits.


==Description==
==Description==
[[File:Columba fasciata -Arizona, USA -upper body-8.jpg|left|thumb|Upper body]]
[[File:Columba fasciata -Arizona, USA -upper body-8.jpg|thumb|Upper body]]
It is the biggest pigeon in [[North America]], measuring {{convert|33|to|40|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighing {{convert|225|-|515|g|oz|abbr=on}}.<ref name=CRC/><ref name=AAB/> The coastal subspecies ''P. f. monilis'' (averaging {{convert|392|g|oz|abbr=on}}) is larger than the inland subspecies (averaging {{convert|340|g|oz|abbr=on}}).<ref name=CRC/> The plumage is gray, somewhat darker above. The head and underparts have a faint pink cast, especially in the adult male; the belly is nearly white. The distal half of the tail is also pale (except in the subspecies of [[Baja California]]), whence the English name. The bill and feet are yellow, good identification marks at sufficiently close range. Adults have green [[iridescence]] on the back of the neck, adjacent to a thin white collar on the nape. Juvenile birds have white feather edges above, giving a scaly appearance.
It is the largest pigeon in [[North America]], measuring {{convert|33|to|40|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighing {{convert|225|-|515|g|oz|abbr=on}}.<ref name=CRC/><ref name=AAB/> The coastal subspecies ''P. f. monilis'' (averaging {{convert|392|g|oz|abbr=on}}) is larger than the inland subspecies (averaging {{convert|340|g|oz|abbr=on}}).<ref name=CRC/> The band-tailed pigeon has a wingspan of {{convert|66|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=fasciata|first1=Patagioenas|last2=Length: 14.5"|last3=Wingspan: 26"|date=2018-08-08|title=Band-tailed Pigeon|url=https://www.birdwatchersdigest.com/bwdsite/learn/identification/pigeons-and-doves/band-tailed-pigeon.php|access-date=2020-09-27|website=Bird Watcher's Digest|language=en-US}}</ref>
The plumage is gray, somewhat darker above. The head and underparts have a faint pink cast, especially in the adult male; the belly is nearly white. The distal half of the tail is also pale (except in the subspecies of [[Baja California]]), whence the English name. The bill and feet are yellow, with good identification marks at sufficiently close range. Adults have green [[iridescence]] on the back of the neck, adjacent to a thin white collar on the [[nape]]. Juvenile birds have white feather edges above, giving a scaly appearance.


==Behavior and ecology==
==Behavior and ecology==
[[File:Band-tailed Pigeons.jpg|left|thumb|At a feeder near Pecos, New Mexico]]
[[File: Band-tailed Pigeons.jpg|thumb|At a feeder near Pecos, New Mexico]]
This species is relatively quiet for a pigeon. Its voice is low-pitched and [[owl]]-like, often in two-syllable calls that rise and then fall (''huu-ooh'') with even spacing between calls.<ref name=Mahler2001/> It also makes a variety of harsh squawking sounds for a variety of reasons.
This species is relatively quiet for a pigeon. Its voice is low-pitched and [[owl]]-like, often in two-syllable calls that rise and then fall (''huu-ooh'') with even spacing between calls.<ref name=Mahler2001/> It also makes a variety of harsh squawking sounds for a variety of reasons.


It builds a rudimentary platform nest out of twigs, in which it lays one or two eggs. Outside the breeding season it forms flocks, sometimes over 50 birds, and often becomes nomadic, following the acorn crop or moving to lower altitudes or other areas outside its breeding range. They commonly congregate at and drink from mineral springs, although it is not fully understood why. In addition to acorns and other seeds, the band-tailed pigeon will seasonally consume fruits such as [[Arbutus menziesii|Pacific madrona]] and [[Toyon]] berries.<ref name=Hogan2008/> This species often visits [[bird feeder]]s.
It builds a rudimentary platform nest out of twigs, in which it lays one or two eggs. Outside the breeding season, it forms flocks, sometimes over 50 birds, and often becomes nomadic, following the acorn crop or moving to lower altitudes or other areas outside its breeding range. They commonly congregate at and drink from mineral springs, although it is not fully understood why. In addition to acorns and other seeds, the band-tailed pigeon will seasonally consume fruits such as [[Arbutus menziesii|Pacific madrona]] and [[Toyon]] berries.<ref name=Hogan2008/> This species often visits [[bird feeder]]s. With the introduction of [[Ilex aquifolium|English holly]] and [[English Ivy|English ivy]], two popular plants in landscaping in western North America, the bird is found in persistent numbers in suburban areas now as well.


The parasitic [[louse]] ''[[Columbicola extinctus]]'', believed to have become extinct with the extinction of the [[passenger pigeon]], was recently rediscovered on the band-tailed pigeon. The band-tailed pigeon is the closest genetic relative of the passenger pigeon and has been investigated for being used in efforts to bring back that extinct species.<ref name=NYT/>
The parasitic [[louse]] ''[[Columbicola extinctus]]'', believed to have become extinct with the extinction of the [[passenger pigeon]], was recently rediscovered on the band-tailed pigeon.


==References==
==References==
Line 36: Line 48:
<ref name=AAB>{{Cite AllAboutBirds|Band-tailed Pigeon}}</ref>
<ref name=AAB>{{Cite AllAboutBirds|Band-tailed Pigeon}}</ref>


<ref name=BirdLife_a>{{cite web |year=2014 |title=Species factsheet: Patagioenas fasciata |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/22725264 |publisher = BirdLife International |accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=BirdLife_a>{{cite web |year=2014 |title=Species factsheet: Patagioenas fasciata |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/22725264 |publisher = BirdLife International |access-date=1 November 2014}}</ref>


<ref name=BirdLife_b>{{cite web |year=2014 |title=Species factsheet: Patagioenas albilinea |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/22725270 | publisher = BirdLife International |accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=BirdLife_b>{{cite web |year=2014 |title=Species factsheet: Patagioenas albilinea |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/22725270 |publisher=BirdLife International |access-date=1 November 2014 |archive-date=1 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101224152/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/22725270 |url-status=live }}</ref>


<ref name=CRC>{{cite book |title=CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses |editor-first=John B. |editor-last=Dunning Jr. |publisher=CRC Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-8493-4258-5}}</ref>
<ref name=CRC>{{cite book |title=CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses |editor-first=John B. |editor-last=Dunning Jr. |publisher=CRC Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-8493-4258-5}}</ref>


<ref name=Hogan2008>{{cite web|last=Hogan |first=C. Michael |year=2008 |title=Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) |publisher=Global Twitcher |editor-first=N. |editor-last=Stromberg |url=http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=84109&lang=us |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719220426/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=84109&lang=us |archivedate=2009-07-19 }}</ref>
<ref name=Hogan2008>{{cite web|last=Hogan |first=C. Michael |year=2008 |title=Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) |publisher=Global Twitcher |editor-first=N. |editor-last=Stromberg |url=http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=84109&lang=us |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719220426/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=84109&lang=us |archive-date=2009-07-19 }}</ref>


<ref name=Johnson2001>{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Kevin P. |last2=de Kort |first2=Selvino |last3=Dinwoodey |first3=Karen |last4=Mateman |first4=A.C. |last5=ten Cate |first5=Carel |last6=Lessells |first6=C.M. |last7=Clayton |first7=Dale H. |year=2001 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera ''Streptopelia'' and ''Columba'' |journal=[[Auk (journal)|Auk]] |volume=118 |issue=4 |pages=874–887 |url=http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~kjohnson/kpj_pdfs/Auk.2001.pdf |doi=10.2307/4089839}}</ref>
<ref name=Johnson2001>{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Kevin P. |last2=de Kort |first2=Selvino |last3=Dinwoodey |first3=Karen |last4=Mateman |first4=A.C. |last5=ten Cate |first5=Carel |last6=Lessells |first6=C.M. |last7=Clayton |first7=Dale H. |year=2001 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera ''Streptopelia'' and ''Columba'' |journal=[[Auk (journal)|Auk]] |volume=118 |issue=4 |pages=874–887 |url=http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~kjohnson/kpj_pdfs/Auk.2001.pdf |doi=10.2307/4089839 |jstor=4089839 |hdl=20.500.11755/a92515bb-c1c6-4c0e-ae9a-849936c41ca2 |hdl-access=free |archive-date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2006-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927083603/http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~kjohnson/kpj_pdfs/Auk.2001.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>


<ref name=Mahler2001>{{cite journal |last1=Mahler |first1=Bettina |last2=Tubaro |first2=Pablo L. |year=2001 |title=Relationship between song characters and morphology in New World pigeons |journal=[[Biological Journal of the Linnean Society]] |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=533–539 |doi=10.1006/bijl.2001.0596}}</ref>
<ref name=Mahler2001>{{cite journal |last1=Mahler |first1=Bettina |last2=Tubaro |first2=Pablo L. |year=2001 |title=Relationship between song characters and morphology in New World pigeons |journal=[[Biological Journal of the Linnean Society]] |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=533–539 |doi=10.1006/bijl.2001.0596|doi-access=free |bibcode=2001BJLS...74..533M }}</ref>


<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |last=Rich |first=Nathaniel |title=The Mammoth Cometh |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/magazine/the-mammoth-cometh.html |accessdate=28 February 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=27 February 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |last=Rich |first=Nathaniel |title=The Mammoth Cometh |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/magazine/the-mammoth-cometh.html |access-date=28 February 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=27 February 2014 |archive-date=28 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228020703/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/magazine/the-mammoth-cometh.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


<ref name=Sibley>{{cite book |last=Sibley |first=David Allen |authorlink=David Allen Sibley |date=2000 |title=The Sibley Guide to Birds |location=New York |publisher=Knopf |page=[https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/260 260] |isbn=0-679-45122-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/260 }}</ref>
<ref name=Sibley>{{cite book |last=Sibley |first=David Allen |author-link=David Allen Sibley |date=2000 |title=The Sibley Guide to Birds |location=New York |publisher=Knopf |page=[https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/260 260] |isbn=0-679-45122-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/260 }}</ref>
}}
}}
{{refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last1=Howell |first1=Steven N.G. |last2=Webb |first2=Sophie |year=1995 |title=A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford & New York |isbn=0-19-854012-4}}
* {{cite book |last1=Howell |first1=Steven N.G. |last2=Webb |first2=Sophie |year=1995 |title=A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford & New York |isbn=0-19-854012-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetobirdsofme0000howe }}
*{{cite web |last1=Jiménez |first1=Mariano II |first2=Mariano G. |last2=Jiménez |year=2002–2003 |title=Paloma Encinera |work=Zoológico Electrónico |url=http://www.damisela.com/zoo/ave/otros/columb/columbidae/columba/fasciata/index.htm |accessdate=27 November 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061215005422/http://www.damisela.com/zoo/ave/otros/columb/columbidae/columba/fasciata/index.htm |archivedate=15 December 2006 |url-status=live |language=Spanish}}
*{{cite web |last1=Jiménez |first1=Mariano II |first2=Mariano G. |last2=Jiménez |year=2002–2003 |title=Paloma Encinera |work=Zoológico Electrónico |url=http://www.damisela.com/zoo/ave/otros/columb/columbidae/columba/fasciata/index.htm |access-date=27 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061215005422/http://www.damisela.com/zoo/ave/otros/columb/columbidae/columba/fasciata/index.htm |archive-date=15 December 2006 |url-status=live |language=es}}
* {{cite journal |last=Aguilar |first=Héctor F. |url=http://cires.org.ve/pdf/recol-v7n3a04.pdf |title=La paloma torcaza o gargantilla ''Columba (fasciata)) fasciata'' Say 1823 (Aves:Columbidae) algunas notas sobre su historia natural en venezuela |trans-title=The Band-Tailed Pigeon ''Columba (fasciata)) fasciata'' Say 1823 (Aves:Columbidae) Some Notes About His Natural History in Venezuela |language=Spanish |journal=Revista de Ecología Latinoamericana |volume=7 |number=3 |year=2000 |pages=29–44 |access-date=2010-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813153454/http://cires.org.ve/pdf/recol-v7n3a04.pdf |archive-date=2011-08-13 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite journal |last=Aguilar |first=Héctor F. |url=http://cires.org.ve/pdf/recol-v7n3a04.pdf |title=La paloma torcaza o gargantilla ''Columba (fasciata)) fasciata'' Say 1823 (Aves:Columbidae) algunas notas sobre su historia natural en venezuela |trans-title=The Band-Tailed Pigeon ''Columba (fasciata)) fasciata'' Say 1823 (Aves:Columbidae) Some Notes About His Natural History in Venezuela |language=es |journal=Revista de Ecología Latinoamericana |volume=7 |number=3 |year=2000 |pages=29–44 |access-date=2010-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813153454/http://cires.org.ve/pdf/recol-v7n3a04.pdf |archive-date=2011-08-13 |url-status=dead }}
{{refend}}
{{Refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
Line 70: Line 82:


{{Taxonbar|from=Q512061}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q512061}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:pigeon, band-tailed}}
[[Category:Patagioenas|band-tailed pigeon]]
[[Category:Patagioenas|band-tailed pigeon]]
[[Category:Native birds of Western Canada]]
[[Category:Native birds of Western Canada]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Western United States]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Western United States]]
[[Category:Birds of Mexico]]
[[Category:Birds of the Sierra Madre Occidental]]
[[Category:Birds of the Sierra Madre Oriental]]
[[Category:Birds of the Sierra Madre del Sur]]
[[Category:Birds of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt]]
[[Category:Birds of Central America]]
[[Category:Birds of Central America]]
[[Category:Birds of the Northern Andes]]
[[Category:Birds of the Northern Andes]]
[[Category:Birds of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Birds of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Birds of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Birds of the Venezuelan Coastal Range]]
[[Category:Birds of the Tepuis]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1823|band-tailed pigeon]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1823|band-tailed pigeon]]

Latest revision as of 11:54, 31 December 2024

Band-tailed pigeon
In San Luis Obispo, California, USA

Apparently Secure  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Columbiformes
Family: Columbidae
Genus: Patagioenas
Species:
P. fasciata
Binomial name
Patagioenas fasciata
(Say, 1822)
Synonyms

Columba fasciata (Say, 1823)
Patagioenas albilinea

The band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata)[3] is a pigeon native to the Americas, and the largest pigeon native to North America. They are a native species throughout the Southwestern United States and Mexico, extending south to Peru.

Taxonomy

[edit]

Its closest living relatives are the Chilean pigeon and the ring-tailed pigeon, which form a clade of Patagioenas with a terminal tail band and iridescent plumage on their necks.[4] There are at least 8 sub-species, and some authorities split this species into the northern band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata)[5] and the southern band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas albilinea).[6][7]

Use as genetic proxy

[edit]

The band-tailed pigeon is the closest living relative of the extinct passenger pigeon and has been investigated for use in efforts to bring back that species.[8][9]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

It ranges from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, and southern Arizona south in higher elevations through Mexico and Central America to northern Argentina. In autumn it migrates out of its permanent resident range into northern California, New Mexico, and parts of Utah and Colorado. It is found from almost sea level to 3,600 m (12,000 ft), generally in oak, pine-oak, and coniferous forests. It feeds on seeds, notably acorns, as well as berries and small fruits.

Description

[edit]
Upper body

It is the largest pigeon in North America, measuring 33 to 40 cm (13 to 16 in) long and weighing 225–515 g (7.9–18.2 oz).[10][11] The coastal subspecies P. f. monilis (averaging 392 g (13.8 oz)) is larger than the inland subspecies (averaging 340 g (12 oz)).[10] The band-tailed pigeon has a wingspan of 66 cm (26 in).[12]

The plumage is gray, somewhat darker above. The head and underparts have a faint pink cast, especially in the adult male; the belly is nearly white. The distal half of the tail is also pale (except in the subspecies of Baja California), whence the English name. The bill and feet are yellow, with good identification marks at sufficiently close range. Adults have green iridescence on the back of the neck, adjacent to a thin white collar on the nape. Juvenile birds have white feather edges above, giving a scaly appearance.

Behavior and ecology

[edit]
At a feeder near Pecos, New Mexico

This species is relatively quiet for a pigeon. Its voice is low-pitched and owl-like, often in two-syllable calls that rise and then fall (huu-ooh) with even spacing between calls.[13] It also makes a variety of harsh squawking sounds for a variety of reasons.

It builds a rudimentary platform nest out of twigs, in which it lays one or two eggs. Outside the breeding season, it forms flocks, sometimes over 50 birds, and often becomes nomadic, following the acorn crop or moving to lower altitudes or other areas outside its breeding range. They commonly congregate at and drink from mineral springs, although it is not fully understood why. In addition to acorns and other seeds, the band-tailed pigeon will seasonally consume fruits such as Pacific madrona and Toyon berries.[14] This species often visits bird feeders. With the introduction of English holly and English ivy, two popular plants in landscaping in western North America, the bird is found in persistent numbers in suburban areas now as well.

The parasitic louse Columbicola extinctus, believed to have become extinct with the extinction of the passenger pigeon, was recently rediscovered on the band-tailed pigeon.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Patagioenas fasciata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22725264A94888623. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725264A94888623.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Patagioenas fasciata. NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  3. ^ Sibley, David Allen (2000). The Sibley Guide to Birds. New York: Knopf. p. 260. ISBN 0-679-45122-6.
  4. ^ Johnson, Kevin P.; de Kort, Selvino; Dinwoodey, Karen; Mateman, A.C.; ten Cate, Carel; Lessells, C.M.; Clayton, Dale H. (2001). "A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera Streptopelia and Columba" (PDF). Auk. 118 (4): 874–887. doi:10.2307/4089839. hdl:20.500.11755/a92515bb-c1c6-4c0e-ae9a-849936c41ca2. JSTOR 4089839. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2006-09-02.
  5. ^ "Species factsheet: Patagioenas fasciata". BirdLife International. 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  6. ^ "Species factsheet: Patagioenas albilinea". BirdLife International. 2014. Archived from the original on 1 November 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  7. ^ National Geographic. "Band-Tailed Pigeon". National Geographic - Animals - Birds. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  8. ^ Rich, Nathaniel (27 February 2014). "The Mammoth Cometh". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  9. ^ "The Great Passenger Pigeon Comeback". Retrieved 2023-08-10.
  10. ^ a b Dunning Jr., John B., ed. (1992). CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.
  11. ^ "Band-tailed Pigeon". All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
  12. ^ fasciata, Patagioenas; Length: 14.5"; Wingspan: 26" (2018-08-08). "Band-tailed Pigeon". Bird Watcher's Digest. Retrieved 2020-09-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Mahler, Bettina; Tubaro, Pablo L. (2001). "Relationship between song characters and morphology in New World pigeons". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 74 (4): 533–539. Bibcode:2001BJLS...74..533M. doi:10.1006/bijl.2001.0596.
  14. ^ Hogan, C. Michael (2008). Stromberg, N. (ed.). "Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia)". Global Twitcher. Archived from the original on 2009-07-19.
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