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A Zirkel (German for 'circle', as in a circle of friends) is a monogram used in European student societies in countries such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Hungary, Latvia, Estonia (Studentenverbindungen) as a post-nominal letter.

Look and meaning

A Zirkel consists of intertwined lines, followed by an exclamation mark if the society is still active. The lines mostly show the first letters of the name of the Studentenverbindung and/or the letters v,c,f or e,f,v.

Examples:

Zirkel of Corps Hubertia Freiburg in Freiburg, Germany
Zirkel of Corps Germania München [de] in Munich, Germany
Zirkel of Corps Altsachsen in Dresden, Germany
Zirkel of Corps Gothia Innsbruck [de] in Innsbruck, Austria
Zirkel of Sängerschaft zu St. Pauli Jena [de] in Jena, Germany
Zirkel of Burschenschaft Ascania zu Köln [de] in Cologne, Germany
Zirkel of Frankfurt-Leipziger Burschenschaft Arminia [de] in Leipzig, Germany
Zirkel of Landsmannschaft Schottland in Tübingen, Germany
Zirkel of Sängerschaft Hohentübingen [de] in Tübingen, Germany
Zirkel of K.V.H.C. Zuid-Oost-Vlaamse [nl] (de ZOV) in Leuven, Belgium

Meaning of v-c-f:

Vivant fratres coniuncti ('The conjunct brothers should live')^[1] or
Vivat circulus fratrum ('The circle of brothers should live')^[1] or
Vivat, crescat, floreat ('Live, grow, flourish').^[2]

Meaning of e-f-v:

Ehre, Freiheit, Vaterland ('Honour, Liberty, Fatherland').^[2]

Usage

The members of the Studentenverbindung use the Zirkel as sign on Couleur or other things e.g. beer glasses etc. If a member signs in affairs of its Studentenverbindung, it places the Zirkel after its signature. This use is similar to the use of postnominals in English-speaking countries.

Examples:

Straßencerevis with embroidered Zirkel and oak leaves
beer mug and Zipfel with Zirkel
Crest of the fraternity Corps Hubertia Freiburg with a Zirkel in the upper right. This crest is a wall display on the outside of a fraternity house.
The center of the official fraternity crest of Corps Altsachsen Dresden is marked with a Zirkel.
Cigarette case with the Zirkel of a Jewish Studentenverbindung from Basel, in the Jewish Museum of Switzerland’s collection.

References

^ ^a ^b Peter Krause: O alte Burschenherrlichkeit - Die Studenten und ihr Brauchtum, Graz, Wien, Köln 1979, page 78, 79
^ ^a ^b Paulgerhard Gladen: Gaudeamus igitur - Die studentischen Verbindungen einst und jetzt, Köln 2001, page 31

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-A ''Zirkel'' is a symbol used in Central European student societies ([[Studentenverbindung]]en).
+{{Short description|Symbol used by European student organizations}}
+A '''{{lang|de|Zirkel}}''' (German for 'circle', as in a circle of friends) is a [[monogram]] used in European student societies in countries such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Hungary, Latvia, Estonia ({{lang|de|[[Studentenverbindung]]en}}) as a [[Post-nominal letters|post-nominal letter]].
 __TOC__
-== Look and Meaning ==
+== Look and meaning ==
-A ''Zirkel'' consists of interwined lines, mostly followed by an exclamation mark. The lines mostly show the first letters of the name of the
+A {{lang|de|Zirkel}} consists of intertwined lines, followed by an exclamation mark if the society is still active. The lines mostly show the first letters of the name of the
-''Studentenverbindung'' and / or the letters v,c,f or e,f,v.
+{{lang|de|Studentenverbindung}} and/or the letters v,c,f or e,f,v.
 <big>'''Examples:'''</big>
-<center><gallery perrow="3">
+<gallery class="center">
-File:Zirkel_1927.JPG|Zirkel of ''{{Ill|de|Corps Germania München}}'' in [[Munich]], Germany
+File:Zirkel der Hubertia Freiburg.jpg|Zirkel of ''[[Corps Hubertia Freiburg]]'' in [[Freiburg]], Germany
-File:Zirkel_Gothia.jpg|Zirkel of ''{{Ill|de|Corps Gothia Innsbruck}}'' in [[Innsbruck]], Germany
+File:Zirkel_1927.JPG|Zirkel of ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Corps Germania München|de}}'' in [[Munich]], Germany
-File:Zirkel der Hubertia Freiburg.jpg|Zirkel of ''{{Ill|de|Corps Hubertia Freiburg}}'' in [[Freiburg]], Germany
+File:Zirkel of Corps Altsachsen Dresden.png|Zirkel of ''[[Corps Altsachsen]]'' in [[Dresden]], Germany
-File:Zirkel_stpauli_jena.svg|Zirkel of ''{{Ill|de|Sängerschaft zu St. Pauli Jena}}'' in [[Jena]], Germany
+File:Zirkel_Gothia.jpg|Zirkel of ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Corps Gothia Innsbruck|de}}'' in [[Innsbruck]], Austria
-File:Zirkel_Ascania_Köln.png|Zirkel of ''{{Ill|de|Burschenschaft Ascania zu Köln}}'' in [[Cologne]], Germany
+File:Zirkel_stpauli_jena.svg|Zirkel of ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Sängerschaft zu St. Pauli Jena|de}}'' in [[Jena]], Germany
-File:Zirkel_Arminia_Leipzig.tif|Zirkel of ''{{Ill|de|Frankfurt-Leipziger Burschenschaft Arminia}} '' in [[Leipzig]], Germany
+File:Zirkel_Ascania_Köln.png|Zirkel of ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Burschenschaft Ascania zu Köln|de}}'' in [[Cologne]], Germany
-File:Zirkel der Landsmannschaft Schottland.jpg|Zirkel of ''[[Landsmannschaft Schottland]]'' in [[Tübingen]], Germany
+File:Zirkel_Arminia_Leipzig.tif|Zirkel of ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Frankfurt-Leipziger Burschenschaft Arminia|de}} '' in [[Leipzig]], Germany
-File:Zirkel Moeder Zuid-Oost-Vlaamse.png|Zirkel of ''{{Ill|nl|K.V.H.C. Zuid-Oost-Vlaamse}}'' (de ZOV) in [[Leuven]], [[Belgium]]
+File:Zirkel der Landsmannschaft Schottland zu Tübingen.png|Zirkel of ''[[Landsmannschaft Schottland]]'' in [[Tübingen]], Germany
+File:Htbzirkel2016.jpg|Zirkel of ''{{Interlanguage link multi|Sängerschaft Hohentübingen|de}} '' in [[Tübingen]], Germany
-</gallery></center>
+File:Zirkel Moeder Zuid-Oost-Vlaamse.png|Zirkel of ''{{Interlanguage link multi|K.V.H.C. Zuid-Oost-Vlaamse|nl}}'' (de ZOV) in [[Leuven]], [[Belgium]]
+</gallery>
 Meaning of v-c-f:
-* ''Vivant fratres coniuncti'' ("the conjunct brothers should live")<ref name="Ref2">Peter Krause: ''O alte Burschenherrlichkeit - Die Studenten und ihr Brauchtum'', Graz, Wien, Köln 1979, page 78, 79</ref>  or
+* {{lang|la|Vivant fratres coniuncti}} ('The conjunct brothers should live')<ref name="Ref2">Peter Krause: ''O alte Burschenherrlichkeit - Die Studenten und ihr Brauchtum'', Graz, Wien, Köln 1979, page 78, 79</ref>  or
-* ''Vivat circulus fratrum'' ("the circle of brothers should live")<ref name="Ref2"/> or
+* {{lang|la|Vivat circulus fratrum}} ('The circle of brothers should live')<ref name="Ref2"/> or
-* ''Vivat, crescat, floreat'' ("live, grow, flourish").<ref name="Ref4">Paulgerhard Gladen: ''Gaudeamus igitur - Die studentischen Verbindungen einst und jetzt'', Köln 2001, page 31</ref>
+* {{lang|la|Vivat, crescat, floreat}} ('Live, grow, flourish').<ref name="Ref4">Paulgerhard Gladen: ''Gaudeamus igitur - Die studentischen Verbindungen einst und jetzt'', Köln 2001, page 31</ref>
 Meaning of e-f-v:
-* ''Ehre, Freiheit, Vaterland'' ("Honour, Liberty, Fatherland").<ref name="Ref4"/>
+* {{lang|de|Ehre, Freiheit, Vaterland}} ('Honour, Liberty, Fatherland').<ref name="Ref4"/>
+== Usage ==
-The meaning of the exclamation mark is not quite clear.
+The members of the {{lang|de|Studentenverbindung}} use the {{lang|de|Zirkel}} as sign on {{lang|fr|[[Couleur]]}} or other things e.g. beer glasses etc. If a member signs
+in affairs of its {{lang|de|Studentenverbindung}}, it places the {{lang|de|Zirkel}} after its signature. This use is similar to the use of [[Post-nominal letters|postnominals]] in
-== Using ==
+English-speaking countries.
-The members of the ''Studentenverbindung'' use the ''Zirkel'' as sign on [[Couleur]] or other things e.g. beer glasses etc. If a member signs
-in affairs of its ''Studentenverbindung'' it places the ''Zirkel'' after its signature. This use is similar to the use of [[Post-nominal letters|postnominals]] in
-Anglo-Saxon countries.
 <big>'''Examples:'''</big>
-<center><gallery widths="200px" heights="150px">
+<gallery class="center" widths="200" heights="150">
-File:Strassencerevis_Rhen_Sil.jpg | ''Straßencerevis'' with embroidered ''Zirkel'' and oak leaves
+File:Strassencerevis Rhen Sil.jpg|{{lang|de|Straßencerevis}} with embroidered {{lang|de|Zirkel}} and oak leaves
-File:AKV_Alemannia_Alemannkrug_1.JPG | beer mug and ''Zipfel'' with ''Zirkel''
+File:AKV Alemannia Alemannkrug 1.JPG|beer mug and {{lang|de|Zipfel}} with {{lang|de|Zirkel}}
+File:Corps Hubertia Freiburg - Crest on House with iron goggles.png|Crest of the fraternity [[Corps Hubertia Freiburg]] with a {{lang|de|Zirkel}} in the upper right. This crest is a wall display on the outside of a fraternity house.
-</gallery></center>
+File:Wappen des Corps Altsachsen Dresden.png|The center of the official fraternity crest of [[Corps Altsachsen Dresden]] is marked with a {{lang|de|Zirkel}}.
+File:Jordania Cigarette Case.jpg|Cigarette case with the {{lang|de|Zirkel}} of a [[Jews|Jewish]] {{lang|de|Studentenverbindung}} from Basel, in the [[Jewish Museum of Switzerland]]’s collection.
+</gallery>
+==See also==
+* [[Post-nominal letters]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 44: / Line 52: @@
 ==Further reading==
+{{commons category}}
-{{commonscat}}
+{{wikt|Zirkel}}
-* Peter Krause: ''O alte Burschenherrlichkeit - Die Studenten und ihr Brauchtum'', Graz, Wien, Köln 1979 (German), ISBN 3-222-11127-8
-* Peter Krause: ''O alte Burschenherrlichkeit - Die Studenten und ihr Brauchtum'', 5. verb. Auflage, Graz, Wien, Köln 1997 (German), ISBN 3-222-12478-7
+* Peter Krause: ''O alte Burschenherrlichkeit - Die Studenten und ihr Brauchtum'', Graz, Wien, Köln 1979 (German), {{ISBN|3-222-11127-8}}
-* Paulgerhard Gladen: ''Gaudeamus igitur - Die studentischen Verbindungen einst und jetzt'', Köln 2001 (German) ISBN 3-88059-996-3
+* Peter Krause: ''O alte Burschenherrlichkeit - Die Studenten und ihr Brauchtum'', 5. verb. Auflage, Graz, Wien, Köln 1997 (German), {{ISBN|3-222-12478-7}}
+* Paulgerhard Gladen: ''Gaudeamus igitur - Die studentischen Verbindungen einst und jetzt'', Köln 2001 (German) {{ISBN|3-88059-996-3}}
 * Edgar Hunger / Curt Meyer: ''Studentisches Brauchtum'', Bonn, Stuttgart 1958 (German)
 [[Category:Student societies in Germany]]
-[[Category:Academic culture]]
+[[Category:Student culture]]
+[[Category:Post-nominal letters]]
+[[Category:Fraternity and sorority culture]]