Operation Dawn-4: Difference between revisions
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{{more footnotes|date=January 2016}} |
{{more footnotes needed|date=January 2016}} |
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{{Infobox military conflict |
{{Infobox military conflict |
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| conflict = Operation Dawn 4 |
| conflict = Operation Dawn 4 |
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| width = |
| width = |
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| partof = [[Iran–Iraq War]] – Northern Front |
| partof = [[Iran–Iraq War]] – Northern Front |
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| image = |
| image = |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| date = 19 October – mid November 1983<br />({{Age in months, weeks and days|1983-10-19|1983-11-01}}) |
| date = 19 October – mid November 1983<br />({{Age in months, weeks and days|1983-10-19|1983-11-01}}) |
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| place = [[Marivan]] sector, [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] |
| place = [[Marivan]] sector, [[Iraqi Kurdistan]] |
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| coordinates = |
| coordinates = |
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| map_type = |
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| map_relief = |
| map_relief = |
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| latitude = |
| latitude = |
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| longitude = |
| longitude = |
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| map_size = |
| map_size = |
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| map_marksize = |
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| map_caption = |
| map_caption = |
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| map_label = |
| map_label = |
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| territory = Iran captures the strategic Penjwin valley and several villages, an area of 466 square kilometers<ref name=Razeoux>{{cite book |last1=Razoux |first1=Pierre |title=The Iran-Iraq War |date=2015 |publisher=Harvard University Press, 2015 |isbn=978-0674915718 |page=254 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGsuCwAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref name=defamoghaddas>{{Cite web |url=http://defamoghaddas.ir/fa/fight/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-4 |title=والفجر 4 | دفاعمقدس |access-date=2016-08-02 |archive-date=2018-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019130524/http://defamoghaddas.ir/fa/fight/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
| territory = Iran captures the strategic Penjwin valley and several villages, an area of 466 square kilometers<ref name=Razeoux>{{cite book |last1=Razoux |first1=Pierre |title=The Iran-Iraq War |date=2015 |publisher=Harvard University Press, 2015 |isbn=978-0674915718 |page=254 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGsuCwAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref name=defamoghaddas>{{Cite web |url=http://defamoghaddas.ir/fa/fight/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-4 |title=والفجر 4 | دفاعمقدس |access-date=2016-08-02 |archive-date=2018-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019130524/http://defamoghaddas.ir/fa/fight/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1-4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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| result = Iranian victory |
| result = Iranian victory |
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| status = |
| status = |
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| combatants_header = |
| combatants_header = |
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| combatant1 = {{flagcountry|Iraq|1963}} |
| combatant1 = {{flagcountry|Iraq|1963}} |
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| combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Iran}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of PUK.png}} [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]] (PUK) |
| combatant2 = {{flagcountry|Iran|1980}}<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of PUK.png}} [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]] (PUK) |
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| commander1 = |
| commander1 = |
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| commander2 = |
| commander2 = |
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| units1 = |
| units1 = |
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| units2 = |
| units2 = |
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| strength1 =108 infantry battalions<br />7 armoured battalions<br />1 mechanized battalion<br />25 commando battalions<br />8 [[Republican Guard (Iraq)|Republican Guard]] battalions<br />7 artillery battalions<ref name=defamoghaddas /> |
| strength1 = 108 infantry battalions<br />7 armoured battalions<br />1 mechanized battalion<br />25 commando battalions<br />8 [[Republican Guard (Iraq)|Republican Guard]] battalions<br />7 artillery battalions<ref name=defamoghaddas /> |
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| strength2 ='''Iran''':<ref name=defamoghaddas /><br />[[IRGC]]:<br />47 infantry battalions<br />4 armoured battalions<br />4 mechanized battalion<br />3 artillery battalions<br />[[Islamic Republic of Iran Army|Army]]:<br />17 infantry battalions, 8 artillery battalions<br />'''PUK''':<br />[[Peshmerga]] partisans |
| strength2 = '''Iran''':<ref name=defamoghaddas /><br />[[IRGC]]:<br />47 infantry battalions<br />4 armoured battalions<br />4 mechanized battalion<br />3 artillery battalions<br />[[Islamic Republic of Iran Army|Army]]:<br />17 infantry battalions, 8 artillery battalions<br />'''PUK''':<br />[[Peshmerga]] partisans |
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| casualties1 = |
| casualties1 = 2,800 killed<br />60 tanks and 20 artillery pieces lost<ref name=Razeoux/> |
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| casualties2 = 5,000 killed <ref name=Razeoux/> |
| casualties2 = 5,000 killed<br />15,000 wounded<ref name=Razeoux/> |
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| notes = |
| notes = |
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| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Iran-Iraq War}} |
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Iran-Iraq War}} |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Operation Dawn 4''' ({{ |
'''Operation Dawn 4''' ({{langx|fa|عملیات والفجر 4}}) was an Iranian operation of the [[Iran–Iraq War]] launched in October 1983. At the end of the operation Iran had captured a small amount of territory from the [[Iraq]]is. |
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Units of Iraq's [[1st Corps (Iraq)|1st Corps]] spent two months in their trenches waiting for the Iranians to attack. The offensive began on the 19 October 1983<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Entessar|first=Nader|title=Kurdish Ethnonationalism|date=1992|publisher=Lynn Rienner Publishers|isbn=978-1-55587-250-2|pages=132|language=en}}</ref> and the Iranians and [[Peshmerga]] guerrillas of the [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]] conquered about {{convert|250|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} of territory. This included exerted a significant amount of pressure on [[Penjwen District|Penjwen]].<ref name=":0" /> |
Units of Iraq's [[1st Corps (Iraq)|1st Corps]] spent two months in their trenches waiting for the Iranians to attack. The offensive began on the 19 October 1983<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Entessar|first=Nader|title=Kurdish Ethnonationalism|date=1992|publisher=Lynn Rienner Publishers|isbn=978-1-55587-250-2|pages=132|language=en}}</ref> and the Iranians and [[Peshmerga]] guerrillas of the [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]] conquered about {{convert|250|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} of territory. This included exerted a significant amount of pressure on [[Penjwen District|Penjwen]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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==The battle== |
==The battle== |
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The focus of the fourth Dawn operation in October 1983 was the northern sector in [[Iranian Kurdistan]]. Three Iranian regular divisions, the Revolutionary Guard, and Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) elements amassed in [[Marivan]] and [[Sardasht, West Azerbaijan|Sardasht]] in a move to threaten the major Iraqi city [[Sulaymaniyah|Suleimaniyah]]. Iran's strategy was to press [[Kurdish tribes]] to occupy the Banjuin Valley, which was within 45 km (28 mi) of Suleimaniyah and 140 km (87 mi) from the oilfields of [[Kirkuk]]. To stem the tide, Iraq deployed [[Mil Mi-8|Mi-8 helicopters]] equipped with chemical weapons and executed 120 sorties against the Iranian force, which stopped them 15 km (9.3 mi) into Iraqi territory. 5,000 Iranians and |
The focus of the fourth Dawn operation in October 1983 was the northern sector in [[Iranian Kurdistan]]. Three Iranian regular divisions, the Revolutionary Guard, and Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) elements amassed in [[Marivan]] and [[Sardasht, West Azerbaijan|Sardasht]] in a move to threaten the major Iraqi city [[Sulaymaniyah|Suleimaniyah]]. Iran's strategy was to press [[Kurdish tribes]] to occupy the Banjuin Valley, which was within 45 km (28 mi) of Suleimaniyah and 140 km (87 mi) from the oilfields of [[Kirkuk]]. To stem the tide, Iraq deployed [[Mil Mi-8|Mi-8 helicopters]] equipped with chemical weapons and executed 120 sorties against the Iranian force, which stopped them 15 km (9.3 mi) into Iraqi territory. 5,000 Iranians and 2,800 Iraqis were killed. |
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Iran |
Iran regained 110 km<sup>2</sup> (42 sq mi) of its territory in the north, captured 15 km<sup>2</sup> (5.8 sq mi) of Iraqi land, and 785 Iraqi prisoners while Iraq abandoned large quantities of valuable weapons and war materiel in the field. Iraq responded to these losses by firing a series of [[Scud missile|SCUD-B missiles]] into the cities of [[Dezful]], [[Masjed Soleyman|Masjid Suleiman]], and [[Behbahan|Behbehan]], while the Iraqi naval aircraft mined the port of [[Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni|Bandar Khomeini]]. Iran's use of artillery against [[Basra]] while the battles in the north raged created multiple fronts, which effectively confused and wore down Iraq. |
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==Aftermath== |
==Aftermath== |
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:*[[44th Qamar-e Bani-Hashem Brigade]] |
:*[[44th Qamar-e Bani-Hashem Brigade]] |
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:*[[41st Tharallah Division]] |
:*[[41st Tharallah Division]] |
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:*:Commanded by [[ |
:*:Commanded by [[Qasem Soleimani]] |
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:*[[17th Ali ibn Abi Taleb Division]] |
:*[[17th Ali ibn Abi Taleb Division]] |
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:*:Commanded by [[Mehdi Zeinoddin]] |
:*:Commanded by [[Mehdi Zeinoddin]] |
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{{coord missing|Iraq}} |
{{coord missing|Iraq}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dawn 4}} |
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[[Category:Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War in 1983 |
[[Category:Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War in 1983]] |
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[[Category:October 1983 events in Asia]] |
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[[Category:November 1983 events in Asia]] |
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[[Category:Marivan County]] |
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[[Category:Sardasht County]] |
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[[Category:History of Kurdistan province]] |
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[[Category:History of West Azerbaijan province]] |
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[[Category:1983 in Iraqi Kurdistan]] |
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[[Category:History of Sulaymaniyah Governorate]] |
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[[Category:Military operations involving chemical weapons during the Iran–Iraq War]] |
[[Category:Military operations involving chemical weapons during the Iran–Iraq War]] |
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[[Category:Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War involving the Peshmerga]] |
[[Category:Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War involving the Peshmerga]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:47, 1 January 2025
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2016) |
| Operation Dawn 4 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Iran–Iraq War – Northern Front | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Iraq |
 Iran Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
108 infantry battalions 7 armoured battalions 1 mechanized battalion 25 commando battalions 8 Republican Guard battalions 7 artillery battalions[2] |
Iran:[2] IRGC: 47 infantry battalions 4 armoured battalions 4 mechanized battalion 3 artillery battalions Army: 17 infantry battalions, 8 artillery battalions PUK: Peshmerga partisans | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
2,800 killed 60 tanks and 20 artillery pieces lost[1] |
5,000 killed 15,000 wounded[1] | ||||||||
Operation Dawn 4 (Persian: عملیات والفجر 4) was an Iranian operation of the Iran–Iraq War launched in October 1983. At the end of the operation Iran had captured a small amount of territory from the Iraqis.
Units of Iraq's 1st Corps spent two months in their trenches waiting for the Iranians to attack. The offensive began on the 19 October 1983[3] and the Iranians and Peshmerga guerrillas of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan conquered about 250 square miles (650 km2) of territory. This included exerted a significant amount of pressure on Penjwen.[3]
Saddam Hussein responded with a counterattack, using the Iraqi Republican Guard and poison gas. However, they failed to dislodge the Iranians, who were dug-in and reinforced by Kurdish fighters.
The battle
[edit]The focus of the fourth Dawn operation in October 1983 was the northern sector in Iranian Kurdistan. Three Iranian regular divisions, the Revolutionary Guard, and Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) elements amassed in Marivan and Sardasht in a move to threaten the major Iraqi city Suleimaniyah. Iran's strategy was to press Kurdish tribes to occupy the Banjuin Valley, which was within 45 km (28 mi) of Suleimaniyah and 140 km (87 mi) from the oilfields of Kirkuk. To stem the tide, Iraq deployed Mi-8 helicopters equipped with chemical weapons and executed 120 sorties against the Iranian force, which stopped them 15 km (9.3 mi) into Iraqi territory. 5,000 Iranians and 2,800 Iraqis were killed.
Iran regained 110 km2 (42 sq mi) of its territory in the north, captured 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi) of Iraqi land, and 785 Iraqi prisoners while Iraq abandoned large quantities of valuable weapons and war materiel in the field. Iraq responded to these losses by firing a series of SCUD-B missiles into the cities of Dezful, Masjid Suleiman, and Behbehan, while the Iraqi naval aircraft mined the port of Bandar Khomeini. Iran's use of artillery against Basra while the battles in the north raged created multiple fronts, which effectively confused and wore down Iraq.
Aftermath
[edit]The attack was successful but the Iranians suffered high casualties due to Iraqi gas attacks. Unlike other operations and battles of the Iran–Iraq War, environmental conditions and operative restrictions were of high significance for this operation. Also the military medicine organization of the Pasdaran was important in this battle; they used special methods to save the wounded and carried out rescue operations.[4]
However, in response to this victory, the Iraqis launched the first Scud missiles into Iran, hitting six cities.
Units
[edit]Iran
[edit]Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps:
- Hamzeh Sayyed-osh-Shohada Headquarters
- 31st Ashura Division
- Commanded by Mehdi Bakeri
- 44th Qamar-e Bani-Hashem Brigade
- 41st Tharallah Division
- Commanded by Qasem Soleimani
- 17th Ali ibn Abi Taleb Division
- Commanded by Mehdi Zeinoddin
- 25th Karbala Division
- Commanded by Morteza Ghorbani
- 14th Imam Hossein Division
- Commanded by Hossein Kharrazi
- 8th Najaf Ashraf Division
- Commanded by Ahmad Kazemi
- 31st Ashura Division
Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces
Iraq
[edit]See also
[edit]- Operation Dawn 2
- Operation Karbala Ten
- Iran–Iraq War#List of major Iranian operations during the war
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Razoux, Pierre (2015). The Iran-Iraq War. Harvard University Press, 2015. p. 254. ISBN 978-0674915718.
- ^ a b c "والفجر 4 | دفاعمقدس". Archived from the original on 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
- ^ a b Entessar, Nader (1992). Kurdish Ethnonationalism. Lynn Rienner Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-55587-250-2.
- ^ "Rescue and transportation experiences of medical department of Sepah in Valfajr 4 operation".
- The Longest War, by Dilip Hiro, Routledge, Chapman, and Hall, Inc. 1991 (pg. 102).
- https://web.archive.org/web/20090910023608/http://www.gloria-center.org/meria/2009/06/dodds-wilson.html
Bibliography
[edit]
Categories:
- Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War in 1983
- October 1983 events in Asia
- November 1983 events in Asia
- Marivan County
- Sardasht County
- History of Kurdistan province
- History of West Azerbaijan province
- 1983 in Iraqi Kurdistan
- History of Sulaymaniyah Governorate
- Military operations involving chemical weapons during the Iran–Iraq War
- Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War involving the Peshmerga