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{{Short description|Category 4 Pacific hurricane in 2005}} |
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{{other hurricanes|List of storms named Kenneth}} |
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| Year=2005 |
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| image = Kenneth 2005-09-18 2205Z.jpg |
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| caption = Hurricane Kenneth near peak intensity on September 18 |
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| Image name=Hurricane Kenneth near peak intensity |
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| dissipated = September 30, 2005 |
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| winds = 115 |
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| pressure = 947 |
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| fatalities = None |
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| Inflated= |
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| damage = Unspecified |
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| Fatalities=None reported |
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| areas = [[Hawaii]] |
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'''Hurricane Kenneth''' was the strongest and longest-tracked [[Pacific hurricane|hurricane]] of the [[2005 Pacific hurricane season]]. The eleventh named storm and fifth hurricane of the season, Kenneth developed from a disturbance in the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] to the southwest of [[Mexico]] on September 14. It quickly attained peak winds of 135 |
'''Hurricane Kenneth''' was the strongest and longest-tracked [[Pacific hurricane|hurricane]] of the [[2005 Pacific hurricane season]]. The eleventh named storm and fifth hurricane of the season, Kenneth developed from a disturbance in the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] to the southwest of [[Mexico]] on September 14. It quickly attained peak winds of {{convert|135|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} on September 18, before weakening due to increased [[wind shear]] and turning to a southwest drift. After weakening to [[Tropical cyclone#Tropical storm|tropical storm]] status, Kenneth attained a steady west-northwest motion and encountered favorable enough conditions for it to gain power and attain hurricane status on September 25. The cyclone again weakened as its motion halted, and on September 30 Kenneth dissipated a short distance off the [[Hawaii (island)|Big Island]] of [[Hawaii]]. The remnants of Kenneth produced one of the highest rainfall totals in Hawaii, reaching up to {{convert|12|in|mm}} on [[Oahu]]. The rainfall caused flooding, though no major damage was reported. |
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==Meteorological history== |
==Meteorological history== |
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{{storm path|Kenneth 2005 track.png}} |
{{storm path|Kenneth 2005 track.png}} |
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The origins of Kenneth are believed to have been from a [[tropical wave]] that crossed [[Central America]] into the eastern North [[Pacific Ocean]] on September 9. The system tracked westward within the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] — a belt of thunderstorm activity across the eastern Pacific Ocean — and on September 13 its associated [[convection|thunderstorm activity]] began showing signs of organization.<ref name="tcr">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|year=2006|title=Hurricane Kenneth Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center| |
The origins of Kenneth are believed to have been from a [[tropical wave]] that crossed [[Central America]] into the eastern North [[Pacific Ocean]] on September 9. The system tracked westward within the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]] — a belt of [[thunderstorm]] activity across the eastern Pacific Ocean — and on September 13 its associated [[convection|thunderstorm activity]] began showing signs of organization.<ref name="tcr">{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|year=2006|title=Hurricane Kenneth Tropical Cyclone Report|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-11|url={{NHC TCR url|id=EP112005_Kenneth}}|format=PDF}}</ref> Despite being located only {{convert|625|mi|km}} east-southeast of the larger [[2005 Pacific hurricane season#Hurricane Jova|Tropical Depression Ten]], the [[National Hurricane Center]] remarked the potential for further development of the system;<ref>{{cite web|author=James Franklin |year=2005 |title=September 13 Tropical Weather Outlook |publisher=National Hurricane Center |access-date=2008-01-12 |url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/Outlook-P/2005/Sep/2005091322.ABPZ20 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> as the depression was further west and moving faster than the system, little interference from Jova was anticipated.<ref>{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|year=2005|title=Tropical Depression Ten Discussion Eight|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep102005.discus.008.shtml?}}</ref> The system organized further, and at 1800 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on September 14 the National Hurricane Center began classifying it as Tropical Depression Eleven about {{convert|900|mi|km}} west-southwest of [[Cabo San Lucas]], [[Mexico]]. The depression maintained a general westward track throughout its entire duration, due to the [[subtropical ridge]] to its north.<ref name="tcr"/> |
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Initially, the depression was forecast to reach maximum strength as a tropical storm before weakening, and only the [[Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory]]'s [[Tropical cyclone forecast model|hurricane model]] predicted it to attain hurricane status. However, low amounts of [[wind shear]] and warm [[sea surface temperature]]s favored further intensification.<ref name="disc1">{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|year=2005|title=Tropical Depression Eleven Discussion One|publisher=National Hurricane Center| |
Initially, the depression was forecast to reach maximum strength as a tropical storm before weakening, and only the [[Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory]]'s [[Tropical cyclone forecast model|hurricane model]] predicted it to attain hurricane status. However, low amounts of [[wind shear]] and warm [[sea surface temperature]]s favored further intensification.<ref name="disc1">{{cite web|author=Jack Beven|year=2005|title=Tropical Depression Eleven Discussion One|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.001.shtml?}}</ref> After being previously removed from the primary thunderstorm activity, the circulation became situated beneath a persistent area of deep [[Atmospheric convection|convection]].<ref name="disc3">{{cite web|author=Molleda & Avila|year=2005|title=Tropical Storm Kenneth Discussion Three|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.003.shtml?}}</ref> It is estimated the cyclone intensified into Tropical Storm Kenneth early on September 15.<ref name="tcr"/> The storm quickly developed [[squall#Tropical cyclones|banding features]]—spiral rain showers of convection—as its convection formed into a [[eye (cyclone)#Structure|central area of deep convection]].<ref name="disc4">{{cite web|author=James Franklin|year=2005|title=Tropical Storm Kenneth Discussion Four|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.004.shtml?}}</ref> These were all signs for further development,<ref name="disc6">{{cite web|author=Roberts & Pasch|year=2005|title=Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Six|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.006.shtml?}}</ref> and Kenneth attained hurricane status early on September 16.<ref name="tcr"/> By September 17, the hurricane had finished an [[eye (cyclone)|eyewall replacement cycle]], meaning its original eye was replaced by a larger, better defined eye.<ref name="disc10">{{cite web|author=Roberts & Stewart|year=2005|title=Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Ten|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.010.shtml?}}</ref> As a result, it quickly intensified and attained [[tropical cyclone scales|major hurricane status]].<ref name="tcr"/> With a {{convert|23|mi|km|adj=on}} wide eye surrounded by very cold cloud tops,<ref name="disc16">{{cite web|author=Brown & Knabb|year=2005|title=Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Sixteen|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.016.shtml?}}</ref> Kenneth strengthened to reach peak sustained winds of {{convert|135|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, a [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale#Category 4|Category 4]] hurricane on the [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale|Saffir-Simpson scale]], on September 18 about {{convert|1725|mi|km}} east of the [[Hawaii (island)|Big Island]] of [[Hawaii]].<ref name="tcr"/> |
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After maintaining peak strength for about 18 hours, Kenneth began a sharp weakening trend due to unfavorable north-northeasterly [[wind shear]];<ref name="tcr"/> this was caused by the [[anticyclone]] over [[2005 Pacific hurricane season#Hurricane Jova|Hurricane Jova]], which eroded the eyewall of Hurricane Kenneth.<ref name="disc19">{{cite web|author=Roberts & Pasch|year=2005|title=Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Nineteen|publisher=National Hurricane Center| |
After maintaining peak strength for about 18 hours, Kenneth began a sharp weakening trend due to unfavorable north-northeasterly [[wind shear]];<ref name="tcr"/> this was caused by the [[anticyclone]] over [[2005 Pacific hurricane season#Hurricane Jova|Hurricane Jova]], which eroded the eyewall of Hurricane Kenneth.<ref name="disc19">{{cite web|author=Roberts & Pasch|year=2005|title=Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Nineteen|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-12|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.019.shtml?}}</ref> While weakening, the hurricane turned to a southwest drift, due to a weakness in [[tropical cyclone#Steering winds|steering currents]].<ref name="tcr"/> By September 20, its deepest convection was confined to the southern half of the hurricane,<ref name="disc22">{{cite web|author=Roberts & Pasch|year=2005|title=Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Twenty-Two|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-13|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.022.shtml?}}</ref> and later in the day Kenneth weakened to tropical storm status. Reduced moisture in the atmosphere weakened the system further,<ref name="tcr"/> and by September 21 its circulation was exposed to the east-northeast of the convection.<ref name="disc26">{{cite web|author=Roberts & Pasch|year=2005|title=Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Twenty-Six|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-13|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.026.shtml?}}</ref> Kenneth began a steady west-northwest track due to a weak [[ridge (meteorology)|ridge]] to its north. Operationally the storm was predicted to continue weakening and dissipate within four days.<ref name="disc28">{{cite web|author=James Franklin|year=2005|title=Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Twenty-Eight|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-13|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.028.shtml?}}</ref> However, deep convection re-developed near the center as the outflow became better defined,<ref name="disc30">{{cite web|author=Roberts & Pasch|year=2005|title=Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Thirty|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-13|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.030.shtml?}}</ref> and Kenneth remained a moderate tropical storm for several days.<ref name="tcr"/> On September 24, the motion became nearly stationary as steering currents again weakened. Vertical shear sharply declined, allowing the convection to become more symmetrical and for an eye feature to develop.<ref name="disc41">{{cite web|author=Stacy Stewart|year=2005|title=Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Forty-One|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-13|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/ep112005.discus.041.shtml?}}</ref> On September 25, Kenneth again attained hurricane status while located about {{convert|1085|mi|km}} east-southeast of the [[Hawaii (island)|Big Island]] of [[Hawaii]].<ref name="tcr"/> |
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Hurricane Kenneth maintained minimal hurricane status for about 30 hours as it drifted southwestward, during which it entered the area of responsibility of the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]].<ref name="tcr"/> Increasing |
Hurricane Kenneth maintained minimal hurricane status for about 30 hours as it drifted southwestward, during which it entered the area of responsibility of the [[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]].<ref name="tcr"/> Increasing shear weakened Kenneth to tropical storm status on September 26, and it began a steady northwest track under the influence of low- to mid-level steering flow.<ref name=CPHC2005/> By September 27, most of its convection had dissipated, excluding a small area of thunderstorms to the southeast of the center.<ref>{{cite web|author=Craig|year=2005|title=Tropical Storm Kenneth Discussion Fifty|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-13|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2005/TCDCP4.EP112005.50.0509270240}}</ref> Convection intermittently reformed near the center, though the combination of wind shear and cooler water temperatures prevented restrengthening.<ref>{{cite web|author=Proton & Houston|year=2005|title=Tropical Storm Kenneth Discussion Fifty-Five|publisher=Central Pacific Hurricane Center|access-date=2008-01-13|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/tcpages/archive/2005/TCDCP4.EP112005.55.0509280916}}</ref> On September 29, an intensifying upper-level [[trough (meteorology)|trough]] over the Hawaiian Islands weakened Kenneth to tropical depression status.<ref name=CPHC2005/> Thunderstorms failed to reform, and on September 30 it degenerated into a tropical wave about {{convert|40|mi|km}} east of the Big Island of Hawaii. A remnant swirl of clouds later moved onshore of the Big Island.<ref name=CPHC2005/> |
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==Impact and aftermath== |
==Impact and aftermath== |
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[[Image:2005 Pacific hurricane season three active storms.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Satellite image of Hurricane Jova (left), Kenneth (center), and Tropical Storm Max (right)]] |
[[Image:2005 Pacific hurricane season three active storms.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Satellite image of Hurricane Jova (left), Kenneth (center), and Tropical Storm Max (right)]] |
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The remnants of Kenneth produced rainfall in the [[Hawaiian Islands]] when they interacted with an upper-level [[trough (meteorology)|trough]],<ref name=CPHC2005/> causing some reports of [[flash flood]]ing.<ref name="tcr"/> At [[Nu‘uanu Pali]] on [[Oahu]], a gauge recorded a total [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] of 10.25 |
The remnants of Kenneth produced rainfall in the [[Hawaiian Islands]] when they interacted with an upper-level [[trough (meteorology)|trough]],<ref name=CPHC2005/> causing some reports of [[flash flood]]ing.<ref name="tcr"/> At [[Nu‘uanu Pali]] on [[Oahu]], a gauge recorded a total [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] of {{convert|10.25|in|mm}}; the gauge also reported {{convert|1.6|in|mm}} in 15 minutes, as well as {{convert|4.11|in|mm}} in one hour.<ref name="oct05"/> Peak rainfall totals on Oahu included reports of up to {{convert|12|in|mm}},<ref name=CPHC2005>{{cite web|publisher=[[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]|author1=Andy Nash |author2=Victor Proton |author3=Robert Farrell |author4=Roy Matsuda |title=2005 Tropical Cyclones in the Central North Pacific|date=May 2006|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/2005.php|access-date=2007-01-26}}</ref> which puts Kenneth in a three-way tie for ninth on [[List of wettest tropical cyclones in the United States#Hawaii|Hawaii's rainiest tropical cyclones list]], along with [[1972 Pacific hurricane season#Hurricane Diana|Diana]] in 1972<ref name="C1972">{{cite web|publisher=[[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1972.php|title=The 1972 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season|access-date=2007-01-26}}</ref> and a system dubbed "B" from the [[1967 Pacific hurricane season|1967 season]].<ref name="C1967">{{cite web|publisher=[[Central Pacific Hurricane Center]]|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1967.php#TD|title=The 1967 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season|access-date=2007-01-26}}</ref> On October 1, rains caused the Kaukonahua Stream to burst its banks and Lake Wilson to overflow behind the Wahiawa Dam.<ref name="NCDC"/> The rainfall produced up to {{convert|1|ft|mm}} of flowing water on [[Hawaii Route 61|Pali Highway]], leading to [[surface runoff]] which flooded a few homes.<ref name="oct05">{{cite web|author=Kevin R. Kodama|year=2005|title=October 2005 Hawaii Precipitation Summary|publisher=NOAA/NWS Weather Forecast Office Honolulu|access-date=2008-01-13|url=http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/hydro/pages/oct05sum.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070818023055/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/hydro/pages/oct05sum.html |archive-date = August 18, 2007}}</ref> |
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On [[Kauai]], the six-hour total at [[Mount Waialeale]] was 6.17 |
On [[Kauai]], the six-hour total at [[Mount Waialeale]] was {{convert|6.17|in|mm}}.<ref name=CPHC2005/> Flash flooding occurred on the [[Hanalei River]], which resulted in the closure of the Kuhio Highway at the Hanalei Bridge. Rapid water level rises also occurred on the [[Wailua River]] and the Hanapepe River, though no significant damages were reported along these waterways.<ref name="oct05"/> |
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Large swells churned up by Kenneth generated surf of 8 |
Large swells churned up by Kenneth generated surf of {{convert|8|-|10|ft|m|abbr=on}} that crashed ashore on September 30 along the east shores of the islands of [[Hawaii (island)|Hawaii]], [[Kauai]], [[Molokai]], [[Maui]], and [[Oahu]]. No reports of injuries or serious damage were received.<ref name="NCDC">{{cite web|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~570607|title=Event Record Details|publisher=[[National Climatic Data Center]]|access-date=2008-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520001833/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~570607|archive-date=2011-05-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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During the 61st Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference, the Hawaii State Civil Defense requested the retirement of the name ''Kenneth'', citing that the storm had become memorable due to threat or damage.<ref>{{cite web|author=Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference|year=2007|title=The |
During the 61st Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference, the Hawaii State Civil Defense requested the retirement of the name ''Kenneth'', citing that the storm had become memorable due to threat or damage.<ref>{{cite web|author=Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference |year=2007 |title=The Nation's Hurricane Program: An Interagency Success Story |access-date=2007-12-29 |url=http://www.ofcm.gov/ihc07/web-61st-IHC-Booklet.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516093419/http://www.ofcm.gov/ihc07/web-61st-IHC-Booklet.pdf |archive-date=2008-05-16 }}</ref> However, the [[World Meteorological Organization]] did not approve the request, and the name was reused for the [[2011 Pacific hurricane season|2011]] season.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dennis H. McCarthy|year=2007|title=National Weather Service Instruction Tropical Cyclone Names and Pronunciation Guide|access-date=2007-12-29|url=http://www.weather.gov/directives/sym/pd01006006curr.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910161627/http://www.weather.gov/directives/sym/pd01006006curr.pdf|archive-date=2008-09-10}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
{{Reflist|2}} |
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{{Category 4 Pacific hurricanes}} |
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{{2005 Pacific hurricane season buttons}} |
{{2005 Pacific hurricane season buttons}} |
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{{Good article}} |
{{Good article}} |
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[[Category:Hurricanes in Hawaii|Kenneth (2005)]] |
[[Category:Hurricanes in Hawaii|Kenneth (2005)]] |
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[[Category:2005 in Hawaii]] |
[[Category:2005 in Hawaii]] |
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[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2005|Kenneth]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:45, 2 January 2025
 Hurricane Kenneth near peak intensity on September 18 | |
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Formed | September 14, 2005 |
| Dissipated | September 30, 2005 |
| Category 4 major hurricane | |
| 1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS) | |
| Highest winds | 130 mph (215 km/h) |
| Lowest pressure | 947 mbar (hPa); 27.96 inHg |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | None |
| Damage | Unspecified |
| Areas affected | Hawaii |
Part of the 2005 Pacific hurricane season | |
Hurricane Kenneth was the strongest and longest-tracked hurricane of the 2005 Pacific hurricane season. The eleventh named storm and fifth hurricane of the season, Kenneth developed from a disturbance in the Intertropical Convergence Zone to the southwest of Mexico on September 14. It quickly attained peak winds of 135 mph (217 km/h) on September 18, before weakening due to increased wind shear and turning to a southwest drift. After weakening to tropical storm status, Kenneth attained a steady west-northwest motion and encountered favorable enough conditions for it to gain power and attain hurricane status on September 25. The cyclone again weakened as its motion halted, and on September 30 Kenneth dissipated a short distance off the Big Island of Hawaii. The remnants of Kenneth produced one of the highest rainfall totals in Hawaii, reaching up to 12 inches (300 mm) on Oahu. The rainfall caused flooding, though no major damage was reported.
Meteorological history
[edit]
Map key
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown
Storm type
Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depressionThe origins of Kenneth are believed to have been from a tropical wave that crossed Central America into the eastern North Pacific Ocean on September 9. The system tracked westward within the Intertropical Convergence Zone — a belt of thunderstorm activity across the eastern Pacific Ocean — and on September 13 its associated thunderstorm activity began showing signs of organization.[1] Despite being located only 625 miles (1,006 km) east-southeast of the larger Tropical Depression Ten, the National Hurricane Center remarked the potential for further development of the system;[2] as the depression was further west and moving faster than the system, little interference from Jova was anticipated.[3] The system organized further, and at 1800 UTC on September 14 the National Hurricane Center began classifying it as Tropical Depression Eleven about 900 miles (1,400 km) west-southwest of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. The depression maintained a general westward track throughout its entire duration, due to the subtropical ridge to its north.[1]
Initially, the depression was forecast to reach maximum strength as a tropical storm before weakening, and only the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's hurricane model predicted it to attain hurricane status. However, low amounts of wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures favored further intensification.[4] After being previously removed from the primary thunderstorm activity, the circulation became situated beneath a persistent area of deep convection.[5] It is estimated the cyclone intensified into Tropical Storm Kenneth early on September 15.[1] The storm quickly developed banding features—spiral rain showers of convection—as its convection formed into a central area of deep convection.[6] These were all signs for further development,[7] and Kenneth attained hurricane status early on September 16.[1] By September 17, the hurricane had finished an eyewall replacement cycle, meaning its original eye was replaced by a larger, better defined eye.[8] As a result, it quickly intensified and attained major hurricane status.[1] With a 23-mile (37 km) wide eye surrounded by very cold cloud tops,[9] Kenneth strengthened to reach peak sustained winds of 135 mph (217 km/h), a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale, on September 18 about 1,725 miles (2,776 km) east of the Big Island of Hawaii.[1]
After maintaining peak strength for about 18 hours, Kenneth began a sharp weakening trend due to unfavorable north-northeasterly wind shear;[1] this was caused by the anticyclone over Hurricane Jova, which eroded the eyewall of Hurricane Kenneth.[10] While weakening, the hurricane turned to a southwest drift, due to a weakness in steering currents.[1] By September 20, its deepest convection was confined to the southern half of the hurricane,[11] and later in the day Kenneth weakened to tropical storm status. Reduced moisture in the atmosphere weakened the system further,[1] and by September 21 its circulation was exposed to the east-northeast of the convection.[12] Kenneth began a steady west-northwest track due to a weak ridge to its north. Operationally the storm was predicted to continue weakening and dissipate within four days.[13] However, deep convection re-developed near the center as the outflow became better defined,[14] and Kenneth remained a moderate tropical storm for several days.[1] On September 24, the motion became nearly stationary as steering currents again weakened. Vertical shear sharply declined, allowing the convection to become more symmetrical and for an eye feature to develop.[15] On September 25, Kenneth again attained hurricane status while located about 1,085 miles (1,746 km) east-southeast of the Big Island of Hawaii.[1]
Hurricane Kenneth maintained minimal hurricane status for about 30 hours as it drifted southwestward, during which it entered the area of responsibility of the Central Pacific Hurricane Center.[1] Increasing shear weakened Kenneth to tropical storm status on September 26, and it began a steady northwest track under the influence of low- to mid-level steering flow.[16] By September 27, most of its convection had dissipated, excluding a small area of thunderstorms to the southeast of the center.[17] Convection intermittently reformed near the center, though the combination of wind shear and cooler water temperatures prevented restrengthening.[18] On September 29, an intensifying upper-level trough over the Hawaiian Islands weakened Kenneth to tropical depression status.[16] Thunderstorms failed to reform, and on September 30 it degenerated into a tropical wave about 40 miles (64 km) east of the Big Island of Hawaii. A remnant swirl of clouds later moved onshore of the Big Island.[16]
Impact and aftermath
[edit]
The remnants of Kenneth produced rainfall in the Hawaiian Islands when they interacted with an upper-level trough,[16] causing some reports of flash flooding.[1] At Nu‘uanu Pali on Oahu, a gauge recorded a total precipitation of 10.25 inches (260 mm); the gauge also reported 1.6 inches (41 mm) in 15 minutes, as well as 4.11 inches (104 mm) in one hour.[19] Peak rainfall totals on Oahu included reports of up to 12 inches (300 mm),[16] which puts Kenneth in a three-way tie for ninth on Hawaii's rainiest tropical cyclones list, along with Diana in 1972[20] and a system dubbed "B" from the 1967 season.[21] On October 1, rains caused the Kaukonahua Stream to burst its banks and Lake Wilson to overflow behind the Wahiawa Dam.[22] The rainfall produced up to 1 foot (300 mm) of flowing water on Pali Highway, leading to surface runoff which flooded a few homes.[19]
On Kauai, the six-hour total at Mount Waialeale was 6.17 inches (157 mm).[16] Flash flooding occurred on the Hanalei River, which resulted in the closure of the Kuhio Highway at the Hanalei Bridge. Rapid water level rises also occurred on the Wailua River and the Hanapepe River, though no significant damages were reported along these waterways.[19]
Large swells churned up by Kenneth generated surf of 8–10 ft (2.4–3.0 m) that crashed ashore on September 30 along the east shores of the islands of Hawaii, Kauai, Molokai, Maui, and Oahu. No reports of injuries or serious damage were received.[22]
During the 61st Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference, the Hawaii State Civil Defense requested the retirement of the name Kenneth, citing that the storm had become memorable due to threat or damage.[23] However, the World Meteorological Organization did not approve the request, and the name was reused for the 2011 season.[24]
See also
[edit]
- List of Hawaii hurricanes
- Other tropical cyclones of the same name
- List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Richard Pasch (2006). "Hurricane Kenneth Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-11.
- ^ James Franklin (2005). "September 13 Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-12.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Richard Pasch (2005). "Tropical Depression Ten Discussion Eight". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
- ^ Jack Beven (2005). "Tropical Depression Eleven Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
- ^ Molleda & Avila (2005). "Tropical Storm Kenneth Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
- ^ James Franklin (2005). "Tropical Storm Kenneth Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
- ^ Roberts & Pasch (2005). "Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
- ^ Roberts & Stewart (2005). "Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Ten". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
- ^ Brown & Knabb (2005). "Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Sixteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
- ^ Roberts & Pasch (2005). "Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Nineteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
- ^ Roberts & Pasch (2005). "Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Twenty-Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
- ^ Roberts & Pasch (2005). "Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Twenty-Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
- ^ James Franklin (2005). "Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Twenty-Eight". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
- ^ Roberts & Pasch (2005). "Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Thirty". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
- ^ Stacy Stewart (2005). "Hurricane Kenneth Discussion Forty-One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
- ^ a b c d e f Andy Nash; Victor Proton; Robert Farrell; Roy Matsuda (May 2006). "2005 Tropical Cyclones in the Central North Pacific". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
- ^ Craig (2005). "Tropical Storm Kenneth Discussion Fifty". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
- ^ Proton & Houston (2005). "Tropical Storm Kenneth Discussion Fifty-Five". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
- ^ a b c Kevin R. Kodama (2005). "October 2005 Hawaii Precipitation Summary". NOAA/NWS Weather Forecast Office Honolulu. Archived from the original on August 18, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
- ^ "The 1972 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
- ^ "The 1967 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
- ^ a b "Event Record Details". National Climatic Data Center. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
- ^ Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference (2007). "The Nation's Hurricane Program: An Interagency Success Story" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
- ^ Dennis H. McCarthy (2007). "National Weather Service Instruction Tropical Cyclone Names and Pronunciation Guide" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-10. Retrieved 2007-12-29.
Tropical cyclones of the 2005 Pacific hurricane season | ||
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