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Žygimantas Liauksminas (Latin: Sigismundus Lauxminus, Polish: Zygmunt Lauxmin; 1596 or 1597 – 11 September 1670) was a Lithuanian Jesuit theologian, philosopher, theorist of rhetoric and music, founder of Lithuanian musicology, one of the first Lithuanian professors and rectors of the University of Vilnius.^[1]

Biography

Liauksminas was born in Samogitia, and joined the Jesuit Order in 1616. In 1618–1619, he studied rhetoric at the Jesuit College in Pułtusk [pl]. He continued his education at the University of Vilnius studying philosophy in 1619–1621 and theology in 1625–1629. In 1642, Liauksminas became a Doctor of Theology.

Liauksminas taught rhetoric at the Polotsk College and Nyasvizh College [be] in 1631–1635, philosophy and theology at the University of Vilnius in 1635–1642, philosophy at the Braunsberg College in 1642–1644. Was a rector of the Płock College [pl] in 1644–1647, Polotsk College in 1650–1655, and Kražiai College in 1661–1665. He was vice-rector (1655–1658) and vice-chancellor (1665–1670) of the University of Vilnius.

He was a vice-provincial superior of Lithuania in the Jesuit Order. In 1645–1646, he substituted a provincial superior and administered a religious province during the 9th General Congregation. As a general elector from Lithuanian Jesuits, he also participated in the 10th (1652) and 11th (1661) General Congregations in Rome. He died in Vilnius, Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Works

Liauksminas has written theological works (The Justification of the Catholic Church, Demonstratio Catholicae Ecclesiae, circa 1643, third edition - 1648), A Theology for the Church (Theologia ecclesiastica, 1665, second edition - 1675), first original Ancient Greek Grammar in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth - Summary of the Greek Textbook (Epitome institutionum linguae graecae, 1655).^[1]

Most famous work of Ž. Liauksminas - An Oratory Practice and the Rules of the Rhetoric Art (Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis rhetoricae, 1648). In it he, making references to Aristotle, Cicero, Quintilian, criticizes the faults of the Baroque literary style - its pomp, fogginess, macaronics and praises sober mind, clarity of thought, structured language. An annex of this book - A Kernel of Dialectics (Medulio dialecticae) is an introduction to scholastic logic, introducing its main categories and thinking methods. Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis rhetoricae was widely used in the jesuit schools, issued in Munich (1664), Frankfurt an Main (1666), Cologne (1680, 1705, 1707, 1717), Würzburg (1690), Prague (1710), Vienna (1720), Košice (1732).^[2]

He also has written first textbook of music in Lithuania - The Art and Practice of Music (Ars et praxis musica, 1667, 1693, 1977 in Lithuanian). Common fundamentals of music explained - names of the music notes, a scale, clefs; exercises and church music examples included, plainsong (cantus planus), many-voiced, Gregorian, hard (cantus durus) and soft (cantus mollis) chant modes examined.^[1]

Žygimantas Liauksminas wrote poems in Ancient Greek, a panegyric to Władysław IV Vasa, sermons. Manuscripts of the tractates of theology About the Single God (Tractatus de Deo Uno), A Theologic Tractate about the Law and Justice (Tractatus theologicus de jure et justitia) are also survived.^[1]

Bibliography

(In Latin) Liauksminas, Žygimantas, 1596-1670. Praxis oratoria.
(In Latin) Liauksminas, Žygimantas, 1596-1670. Medulla dialecticae.
(In Latin) Liauksminas, Žygimantas, 1596-1670. Ars et praxis musica.
(In Latin) Liauksminas, Žygimantas, 1596-1670. Panegyricus Vladislao IV.
(In Lithuanian) Žygimantas Liauksminas, Rinktiniai raštai (Mintis, 2011, p. 440) ISBN 9785417008641
(In Lithuanian) Index Lituanicus - works of Žygimantas Liauksminas

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Žygimantas Liauksminas". vle.lt. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
^ "Universitas Vilnensis 2004" (PDF). www.vu.lt. Vilnius University. pp. 17–18. Retrieved 25 November 2018. Even more highly estimated then and preserving its value nowadays was the textbook of rhetoric Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis retoricae (Oratorical Practice and the Rules of the Art of Rhetoric) by Sigismundus Lauxminus (1597-1670) was first published in 1648 and during the following one hundred years it saw 14 more editions (in Munich, Frankfurt on the Main, Köln, Würzburg, Prague, Vienna, etc.). Sigismundus Lauxminus is considered the author of a new, original method of teaching eloquence who defended classical rhetoric based on the traditions of Aristotle, Cicero and Quintilian and attacked the exaggerated wordiness in the extravagant Baroque style which offended the logic, clarity and coherence of exposition

[vle-1] "Žygimantas Liauksminas". vle.lt. Retrieved 23 January 2020.

[2] "Universitas Vilnensis 2004" (PDF). www.vu.lt. Vilnius University. pp. 17–18. Retrieved 25 November 2018. Even more highly estimated then and preserving its value nowadays was the textbook of rhetoric Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis retoricae (Oratorical Practice and the Rules of the Art of Rhetoric) by Sigismundus Lauxminus (1597-1670) was first published in 1648 and during the following one hundred years it saw 14 more editions (in Munich, Frankfurt on the Main, Köln, Würzburg, Prague, Vienna, etc.). Sigismundus Lauxminus is considered the author of a new, original method of teaching eloquence who defended classical rhetoric based on the traditions of Aristotle, Cicero and Quintilian and attacked the exaggerated wordiness in the extravagant Baroque style which offended the logic, clarity and coherence of exposition

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Lithuanian Jesuit theologian, philosopher}}
 {{more footnotes|date=November 2018}}
-'''Žygimantas Liauksminas''' {{lang-lat|Sigismundus Lauxminus}} (1596 or 1597 in [[Samogitia]] – 11 September 1670 in [[Vilnius]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]) was a [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] theologian, philosopher, theorist of rhetoric and music, founder of Lithuanian musicology, one of the first Lithuanian professors and rectors of the [[Vilnius University|University of Vilnius]].<ref name="vle">{{cite web |title=Žygimantas Liauksminas |url=https://www.vle.lt/Straipsnis/Zygimantas-Liauksminas-15041 |website=[[vle.lt]] |accessdate=23 January 2020}}</ref>
+'''Žygimantas Liauksminas''' ({{langx|la|Sigismundus Lauxminus}}, {{Langx|pl|Zygmunt Lauxmin}}; 1596 or 1597 – 11 September 1670) was a [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] theologian, philosopher, theorist of rhetoric and music, founder of Lithuanian musicology, one of the first Lithuanian professors and rectors of the [[Vilnius University|University of Vilnius]].<ref name="vle">{{cite web |title=Žygimantas Liauksminas |url=https://www.vle.lt/Straipsnis/Zygimantas-Liauksminas-15041 |website=[[vle.lt]] |accessdate=23 January 2020}}</ref>
 ==Biography==
-Liauksminas joined the Jesuit Order in 1616. In 1618–1619, he studied rhetoric at the {{ill|Jesuit College in Pułtusk|pl|Kolegium Jezuitów w Pułtusku}}. He continued his education at the University of Vilnius studying philosophy in 1619–1621 and theology in 1625–1629. In 1642, Liauksminas became a [[Doctor of Theology]].
+Liauksminas was born in [[Samogitia]], and joined the Jesuit Order in 1616. In 1618–1619, he studied rhetoric at the {{ill|Jesuit College in Pułtusk|pl|Kolegium Jezuitów w Pułtusku}}. He continued his education at the University of Vilnius studying philosophy in 1619–1621 and theology in 1625–1629. In 1642, Liauksminas became a [[Doctor of Theology]].
-Liauksminas taught rhetoric at the [[Jesuit College in Polotsk|Polotsk College]] and {{ill|Nyasvizh College|be|Нясвіжскі езуіцкі калегіум}} in 1631–1635, philosophy and theology at the University of Vilnius in 1635–1642, philosophy at the [[Collegium Hosianum|Braunsberg College]] in 1642–1644. Was a rector of the {{ill|Płock College|pl|Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Marszałka Stanisława Małachowskiego w Płocku}} in 1644–1647, Polotsk College in 1650–1655, and [[Kražiai College]] in 1661–1665. He was vice-rector (1655–1658) and vice-chancellor (1665–1670) of the University of Vilnius.
+Liauksminas taught rhetoric at the [[Jesuit College in Polotsk|Polotsk College]] and {{ill|Nyasvizh College|be|Нясвіжскі езуіцкі калегіум}} in 1631–1635, philosophy and theology at the University of Vilnius in 1635–1642, philosophy at the [[Collegium Hosianum|Braunsberg College]] in 1642–1644. Was a rector of the {{ill|Płock College|pl|Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Marszałka Stanisława Małachowskiego w Płocku}} in 1644–1647, [[Jesuit College in Polotsk|Polotsk College]] in 1650–1655, and [[Kražiai College]] in 1661–1665. He was vice-rector (1655–1658) and vice-chancellor (1665–1670) of the University of Vilnius.
-He was a vice-[[provincial superior]] of Lithuania in the Jesuit Order. In 1645–1646, he substituted a provincial superior and administered a [[Ecclesiastical province#Religious institutes|religious province]] during the 9th [[General Congregation]]. As a general elector from Lithuanian Jesuits, he also participated in the 10th (1652) and 11th (1661) General Congregations in [[Rome]].
+He was a vice-[[provincial superior]] of Lithuania in the Jesuit Order. In 1645–1646, he substituted a provincial superior and administered a [[Ecclesiastical province#Religious institutes|religious province]] during the 9th [[General Congregation]]. As a general elector from Lithuanian Jesuits, he also participated in the 10th (1652) and 11th (1661) General Congregations in [[Rome]]. He died in [[Vilnius]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].
 ==Works==
-[[File:Лаўксмін. Ars et praxis musica (01).jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Title page of 1693 version of ''Ars et praxis musica'']]
+[[File:Sigismundus Lauxminus. Ars et praxis musica, 1693, published in Vilnius, Lithuania.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Title page of 1693 version of ''Ars et praxis musica'']]
-Liauksminas has written theological works (''The Justification of the Catholic Church'', ''Demonstratio Catholicae Ecclesiae'', circa 1643, third edition - 1648), ''A Theology for the Church'' (''Theologia ecclesiastica'', 1665, second edition - 1675), first original [[Ancient Greek]] Grammar in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] -  ''Summary of the Greek Textbook'' (''Epitome institutionum linguae graecae'', 1655).<ref name="vle"></ref>
+Liauksminas has written theological works (''The Justification of the Catholic Church'', ''Demonstratio Catholicae Ecclesiae'', circa 1643, third edition - 1648), ''A Theology for the Church'' (''Theologia ecclesiastica'', 1665, second edition - 1675), first original [[Ancient Greek]] Grammar in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] -  ''Summary of the Greek Textbook'' (''Epitome institutionum linguae graecae'', 1655).<ref name="vle" />
-Most famous work of Ž. Liauksminas - ''An Oratory Practice and the Rules of the Rhetoric Art'' (Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis rhetoricae, 1648). In it he, making references to [[Aristotle]], [[Cicero]], [[Quintilian]], criticizes the faults of the [[Baroque]] literary style - its pomp, fogginess, [[Macaronic language|macaronics]] and praises sober mind, clarity of thought, structured language. An annex of this book - ''A Kernel of Dialectics'' (''Medulio dialecticae'') is an introduction to scholastic logic, introducing its main categories and thinking methods. ''Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis rhetoricae'' was widely used in the jesuit schools, issued in [[Munich]] (1664), [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt an Main]] (1666), [[Cologne]] (1680, 1705, 1707, 1717), [[Würzburg]] (1690), [[Prague]] (1710), [[Vienna]] (1720), [[Košice]] (1732).<ref>{{cite web |title=Universitas Vilnensis 2004 |url=https://www.vu.lt/site_files/InfS/Leidiniai/Vilnius_University_1579_2004.pdf |website=www.vu.lt |publisher=Vilnius University |accessdate=25 November 2018 |pages=17–18 |format=PDF |quote=Even more highly estimated then and preserving its value nowadays was the textbook of rhetoric Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis retoricae (Oratorical Practice and the Rules of the Art of Rhetoric) by Sigismundus Lauxminus (1597-1670) was first published in 1648 and during the following one hundred years it saw 14 more editions (in Munich, Frankfurt on the Main, Köln, Würzburg, Prague, Vienna, etc.). Sigismundus Lauxminus is considered the author of a new, original method of teaching eloquence who defended classical rhetoric based on the traditions of Aristotle, Cicero and Quintilian and attacked the exaggerated wordiness in the extravagant Baroque style which offended the logic, clarity and coherence of exposition}}</ref>
+Most famous work of Ž. Liauksminas - ''An Oratory Practice and the Rules of the Rhetoric Art'' (Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis rhetoricae, 1648). In it he, making references to [[Aristotle]], [[Cicero]], [[Quintilian]], criticizes the faults of the [[Baroque]] literary style - its pomp, fogginess, [[Macaronic language|macaronics]] and praises sober mind, clarity of thought, structured language. An annex of this book - ''A Kernel of Dialectics'' (''Medulio dialecticae'') is an introduction to scholastic logic, introducing its main categories and thinking methods. ''Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis rhetoricae'' was widely used in the jesuit schools, issued in [[Munich]] (1664), [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt an Main]] (1666), [[Cologne]] (1680, 1705, 1707, 1717), [[Würzburg]] (1690), [[Prague]] (1710), [[Vienna]] (1720), [[Košice]] (1732).<ref>{{cite web |title=Universitas Vilnensis 2004 |url=https://www.vu.lt/site_files/InfS/Leidiniai/Vilnius_University_1579_2004.pdf |website=www.vu.lt |publisher=Vilnius University |accessdate=25 November 2018 |pages=17–18 |quote=Even more highly estimated then and preserving its value nowadays was the textbook of rhetoric Praxis oratoria sive praecepta artis retoricae (Oratorical Practice and the Rules of the Art of Rhetoric) by Sigismundus Lauxminus (1597-1670) was first published in 1648 and during the following one hundred years it saw 14 more editions (in Munich, Frankfurt on the Main, Köln, Würzburg, Prague, Vienna, etc.). Sigismundus Lauxminus is considered the author of a new, original method of teaching eloquence who defended classical rhetoric based on the traditions of Aristotle, Cicero and Quintilian and attacked the exaggerated wordiness in the extravagant Baroque style which offended the logic, clarity and coherence of exposition}}</ref>
-He also has written first textbook of music in Lithuania - ''The Art and Practice of Music'' (''Ars et praxis musica'', 1667, 1693, 1977 in Lithuanian). Common fundamentals of music explained - names of the music notes, a [[Scale (music)|scale]], [[clef]]s; exercises and church music examples included,  [[plainsong]] (''cantus planus''), many-voiced, [[Gregorian chant|Gregorian]], hard (''cantus durus'') and soft (''cantus mollis'') chant modes examined.<ref name="vle"></ref>
+He also has written first textbook of music in Lithuania - ''The Art and Practice of Music'' (''Ars et praxis musica'', 1667, 1693, 1977 in Lithuanian). Common fundamentals of music explained - names of the music notes, a [[Scale (music)|scale]], [[clef]]s; exercises and church music examples included,  [[plainsong]] (''cantus planus''), many-voiced, [[Gregorian chant|Gregorian]], hard (''cantus durus'') and soft (''cantus mollis'') chant modes examined.<ref name="vle" />
-Žygimantas Liauksminas wrote poems in Ancient Greek, a [[panegyric]] to [[Władysław IV Vasa]], [[sermon]]s. Manuscripts of the tractates of theology ''About the Single God'' (''Tractatus de Deo Uno''), ''A Theologic Tractate about the Law and Justice'' (''Tractatus theologicus de jure et justitia'') are also survived.<ref name="vle"></ref>
+Žygimantas Liauksminas wrote poems in Ancient Greek, a [[panegyric]] to [[Władysław IV Vasa]], [[sermon]]s. Manuscripts of the tractates of theology ''About the Single God'' (''Tractatus de Deo Uno''), ''A Theologic Tractate about the Law and Justice'' (''Tractatus theologicus de jure et justitia'') are also survived.<ref name="vle" />
 ==Bibliography==
@@ Line 30: / Line 31: @@
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|30em}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Liauksminas, Zygimantas}}
 [[Category:1670 deaths]]
 [[Category:Lithuanian musicologists]]
-[[Category:Lithuanian Jesuits]]
+[[Category:17th-century Lithuanian Jesuits]]
-[[Category:Vilnius University faculty]]
+[[Category:Academic staff of Vilnius University]]
 [[Category:Vilnius University alumni]]
 [[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
+[[Category:17th-century Lithuanian writers]]
 [[Category:Lithuanian philosophers]]
+[[Category:Lithuanian theologians]]

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