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{{About year|1578}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
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{{Year dab|1578}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2016}}
{{Year nav|1578}}
{{Year nav|1578}}
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[[File:Lagos46 kopie.jpg|thumb|250px|[[August 4]]: [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir]]]]
{{C16 year in topic}}
{{C16 year in topic}}
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[[File:Lagos46 kopie.jpg|thumb|[[August 4]]: [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir]]]]
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
Year '''1578''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]].
'''1578''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLXXVIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Wednesday]] in the [[Julian calendar]].


== Events ==
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
<onlyinclude>
⚫
=== January&ndash;June ===
⚫
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Battle of Gembloux (1578)|Battle of Gembloux]]: Spanish forces under [[John of Austria|Don John of Austria]] and [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|Alexander Farnese]] defeat the Dutch; Farnese begins to recover control of the French-speaking [[Southern Netherlands]].
* [[April 27]] &ndash; The [[Duel of the Mignons]] claims the lives of two favorites of [[Henry III of France]], and two favourites of [[Henry I, Duke of Guise]].
* [[May 26]] &ndash; The ''[[Alteratie]]'' in [[Amsterdam]] ends Catholic rule, and open Catholic worship there.
⚫
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Martin Frobisher]] sails from [[Harwich]], England to [[Frobisher Bay]], Canada, on his third expedition.


=== July&ndash;December ===
=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 13]] &ndash; The [[Siege of Gvozdansko]] ends in the [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Kingdom of Croatia]] as Ottoman Empire troops led by [[Ferhad Pasha Sokolović]] capture the fortress at [[Gvozdansko]].<ref>"Osmanska opsada Gvozdanskog 1578" [The Ottoman siege of Gvozdansko in 1578], by Hrvoje Kekez, in ''Magazin Za Vojnu Povijest'' No.4 (in Croatian), 2011, pp. 70–73</ref>
* [[July]] &ndash; [[Martin Frobisher]] holds the first [[Thanksgiving]] celebration by Europeans in North America, on [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. He ships ore, which proves to be valueless [[fool's gold]], which can only be used as [[road metal]] in London.
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* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Battle of Gembloux (1578)|Battle of Gembloux]]: Spanish forces under [[John of Austria|Don John of Austria]] and [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|Alexander Farnese]] defeat the Dutch; Farnese begins to recover control of the French-speaking [[Southern Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John Fitzmaurice|title=The Politics of Belgium: Crisis and Compromise in a Plural Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jYWAQAAIAAJ|year=1988|publisher=C. Hurst|isbn=978-1-85065-038-6|page=16|language=en}}</ref>
⚫
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir]] in North Africa: The [[Moors]] defeat King [[Sebastian of Portugal]], who is killed, leaving his elderly uncle, [[Henry, King of Portugal|Cardinal Henry]], as his heir, initiating a succession crisis in Portugal.
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Pope Gregory XIII]] issues the papal bull ''Illius fulti praesidio'' and creates the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila|Diocese of Manila]], the first Roman Catholic diocese in the Philippines, with [[Domingo de Salazar]] as the first Bishop of Manila.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=de Achútegui|first=Pedro S.|date=1979|title=A Problem of Chronology: The Quadricentennial of Manila and the Gregorian Calendar|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/42632495|journal=Philippine Studies|volume=27|issue=3|pages=417–431|jstor=42632495|issn=0031-7837}}</ref> The diocese will be raised to the status of archdiocese on August 14, 1595.
⚫
* [[August 20]]&ndash;[[September 6]] &ndash; [[Francis Drake]], during his circumnavigation of the globe, passes through the [[Strait of Magellan]] in his ship, the newly renamed ''[[Golden Hind]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Voyage of the Golden Hind|url=http://www.goldenhind.co.uk/voyage-golden-hind.php|work=The Golden Hind|location=Brixham|year=2012|accessdate=2013-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117040846/http://www.goldenhind.co.uk/voyage-golden-hind.php|archive-date=January 17, 2013|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[February 8]] &ndash; The city council of Amsterdam in the Netherlands ratifies a treaty placing the city under the authority of [[William the Silent|Willem, Prince of Orange]], and joining the [[States of Holland and West Friesland|States of Holland]].<ref>"'Kennen, respecteren ende gehoorsamen': Amsterdamse schouten en hun ambt", ''Jaarboek Amstelodamum'' 89 (1997) p.16</ref>
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|Alessandro Farnese]] succeeds [[John of Austria|Don John]], as [[Governor of the Spanish Netherlands]].
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Mohammad Khodabanda]], older brother of the late [[Ismail II|Shah Ismail II]], begins his reign as the new [[List of monarchs of Persia|Shah]] of [[Safavid dynasty|Persia]] (now Iran) after entering the Persian capital at [[Qazvin]], after removing his sister [[Pari Khan Khanum]], who had exercised regal authority after Ismail's death.<ref>Colin P. Mitchell, ''The Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran: Power, Religion and Rhetoric'' (I.B. Tauris, 2009) p. 160</ref> His first act as ruler is to have Pari Khan Khanum strangled to death.
⚫
* [[October 21]] - [[Battles of Wenden (1577–78)|Battle of Wenden]]: The Russians are defeated by the [[Sweden|Swedes]], who proceed to take [[Polotsk]].
* [[February 13]] &ndash; Two days after the Battle of Gembloux, Spanish troops capture the city of [[Leuven]], forcing Willem, Prince of Orange, to flee [[Brussels]] and relocate to [[Antwerp]].Geoffrey Parker, ''The Dutch Revolt'' (Cornell University Press, 1977) p.186
* [[March 11]] &ndash; [[Nicolò da Ponte]] is elected as the new [[Doge of Venice|Doge]] of the Republic of Venice after 44 ballots, following the March 3 death of [[Sebastiano Venier]].<ref>[https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/nicolo-da-ponte "Da Pónte, Nicolò, doge di Venezia"], by Giuseppe Gullino, in ''Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani'', Vol. 32 (Treccani, 1986)</ref>
* [[March 20]]
**[[James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton]], the last of the regents for King James VI of Scotland, resigns after having served as regent since November 24, 1572.
**The Belgian city of [[Bruges]], controlled by Spain, falls to Dutch rebels.<ref>"Lucas, François, dit Lucas Brugensis", in ''Biographie Nationale de Belgique'', ed. by A. C. De Schrevel (Brussels, 1893) pp. 550-563</ref>

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=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 23]] &ndash; (17th day of 3rd month, Tensho 6) The [[Siege of Otate]] begins in Japan after the death of [[Uesugi Kenshin]], the warlord of the [[Echigo Province]].
* [[April 27]] &ndash; The [[Duel of the Mignons]] claims the lives of two favorites of [[Henry III of France]], and two favourites of [[Henry I, Duke of Guise]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=St James Press|author2=Anthony Levi|author3=Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi|title=Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqkRAQAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=St. James Press|isbn=978-1-55862-159-6|page=223}}</ref>
* [[May 26]] &ndash; The ''[[Alteratie]]'' takes place in [[Amsterdam]], expelling the 24 Catholic members of the 40-man city government, and forming a new council is formed with 30 Calvinist Protestants and 10 Catholics.
⚫
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[Martin Frobisher]] sails from [[Harwich]] in England with 15 ships to North America, where he will arrive at [[Frobisher Bay]] in July on his third expedition.
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Humphrey Gilbert]] is granted [[letters patent]] from the English crown to establish a colony in [[North America]].<ref>[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/16th_century/humfrey.asp Letters Patent to Sir Humfrey Gylberte June 11, 1578], from the [[Avalon Project]].</ref>
* [[June 20]] &ndash; The Frobisher expedition reaches [[Greenland]].
* [[June 30]] &ndash; After having come into conflict on May 17 with his fellow officer, [[Thomas Doughty (explorer)|Thomas Doughty]], during their circumnavigation of the world, [[Francis Drake]] puts Doughty on trial while the flagship ''Pelican'' is docked at what is now Argentina. A jury of sailors convicts Doughty of treason and attempted mutiny. Doughty is beheaded on July 2.<ref>Harry Kelsey, ''Sir Francis Drake: the Queen's Pirate'' (Yale University Press, 1998) pp.108-109</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 2]] &ndash; The Frobisher expedition reaches Canada and enters what is now [[Frobisher Bay]]. One of the ships, the ''Dennis'', is wrecked on an iceberg.
* [[July 31]]
** At the [[Battle of Rijmenam (1578)|Battle of Rijmenam]], fought near [[Antwerp]] in what is now [[Belgium]], a combined Dutch and English force under the command of the Count of Boussu and England's John Norreys defeats Spanish troops commanded by [[John of Austria|Don Juan de Austria]].
** According to some accounts, Englishman [[Martin Frobisher]] holds the first [[Thanksgiving]] celebration by Europeans in Canada, on [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], after he and his fleet encounter two ships that they feared had been lost. However, the celebration involves no feast and is limited to a sermon by the expedition's minister and Frobisher's men giving praise.<ref>Melanie Kirkpatrick, ''Thanksgiving: The Holiday at the Heart of the American Experience'' (Encounter Books, 2016) p.31</ref><ref>Richard Collinson, The Three Voyages of Martin Frobisher, in Search of a Passage to Cathaia and India by the North-West A.D. 1576—8 (Hakluyt Society, 1867)</ref>
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* [[August 4]] &ndash; King [[Sebastian of Portugal]] is killed in the [[Battle of Alcácer Quibir]] in North Africa while fighting [[Moors]] kill. Sebastian's elderly uncle, [[Henry, King of Portugal|Cardinal Henry]], is named as the heir to the throne, initiating a succession crisis in Portugal.
⚫
* [[August 20]]&ndash;[[September 6]] &ndash; After renaming this flagship, ''Pelican'' to the ''Golden Hind'', [[Francis Drake]] and his fleet begin their passage through the [[Strait of Magellan]].<ref name=GoldenHind>{{cite web|title=Voyage of the Golden Hind|url=http://www.goldenhind.co.uk/voyage-golden-hind.php|work=The Golden Hind|location=Brixham|year=2012|access-date=2013-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117040846/http://www.goldenhind.co.uk/voyage-golden-hind.php|archive-date=January 17, 2013|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[August 31]] &ndash; The Forbisher expedition departs North America for its journey back to England.
* [[September 6]] &ndash; After 16 days travel, the fleet of Francis Drake completes its traverse of the [[Strait of Magellan]] between the tip of South America and [[Tierra del Fuego]]. Upon entering the [[Pacific Ocean]], the fleet encounters violent storms. The supply ship ''Marigold'', with over 100 men under the command of John Thomas, is lost with all hands off of [[Cape Horn]].<ref name=GoldenHind/> The rest of the fleet continues its [[Francis Drake's circumnavigation|voyage around the world]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|Alessandro Farnese]] succeeds his uncle, [[John of Austria|Don John]], as [[Governor of the Spanish Netherlands]].<ref name="BrulezKoch2012">{{cite book|author1=W. Brulez|author2=A. C. F. Koch|author3=E. H. Kossman|title=Acta Historiae Neerlandicae/Studies on the History of the Netherlands VI|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JVfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA28|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-011-5945-6|pages=28|language=en}}</ref>
⚫
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Battles of Wenden (1577–78)|Battle of Wenden]]: The Russians are defeated by the [[Sweden|Swedes]], who proceed to take [[Polotsk]].
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Humphrey Gilbert]] and [[Walter Ralegh]] set out from [[Plymouth]] in England, leading an expedition to establish a colony in North America. They will be forced to turn back six months later.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=156–159|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[December 9]] &ndash; After more than five years of combat in southern France, the Protestant Huguenot citadel of [[Ménerbes]] negotiates a surrender to its French Catholic attackers.<ref>Robert Bailly, ''Topographie du siège et du bourg de Ménerbes (1573–1578): la Citadelle'' (Académie de Vaucluse, 1968)</ref>


=== Date unknown ===
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Battle of the Spoiling Dyke]] at [[Trumpan]] in northwest Scotland: the [[Clan MacLeod]] are victorious over the [[Clan Donald|MacDonalds of Uist]].
* [[Battle of the Spoiling Dyke]] at [[Trumpan]] on the Scottish [[Isle of Skye]]: the [[Clan MacLeod]] are victorious over the [[Clan Donald|MacDonalds of Uist]] in a feud.<ref>{{cite book|first=Alexander John|last=Haddow|title=The History and Structure of Ceol Mor: A Guide to Piobaireachd, the Classical Music of the Great Highland Bagpipe: a Collection of Critical and Historical Essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zk8UAQAAIAAJ|year=1982|publisher=M.R.S. Haddow|page=67}}</ref>
* The [[Ottoman Empire]] conquers [[Abkhazia]].
* The [[Ottoman Empire]] conquers [[Abkhazia]].
* [[Sarsa Dengel]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], kills [[Bahr negus Yeshaq]], finally ending his rebellion.
* [[Sarsa Dengel]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], defeats and kills [[Bahr negus Yeshaq]] along with his Ottoman allies, finally ending his rebellion.
* Sonam Gyrso receives from Prince Atlan Khan the title of ''Talaï'', and becomes the third [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]].
* Sonam Gyrso receives from Prince Atlan Khan the title of ''Talaï'', and becomes the third [[Dalai Lama]] of [[Tibet]].
* The last outbreak of [[sweating sickness]] occurs in England.
* The last outbreak of [[sweating sickness]] occurs in England.
* The [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] assist Lord [[Ōmura Sumitada]], the first Christian Japanese diamyo, in repulsing an assault on [[Nagasaki]] by the [[Ryūzōji clan]].
* The [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] assist Lord [[Ōmura Sumitada]], the first Christian Japanese daimyo, in repulsing an assault on [[Nagasaki]] by the [[Ryūzōji clan]].
* [[North American fur trade|Fur trade]] begins in Newfoundland in North America.</onlyinclude>
</onlyinclude>


== Births ==
== Births ==
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* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[Cornelius Haga]], Dutch diplomat (d. [[1654]])
* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[Cornelius Haga]], Dutch diplomat (d. [[1654]])
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Adam Elsheimer]], German artist working in Rome, who died at only thirty-two (d. [[1610]])
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Adam Elsheimer]], German artist working in Rome, who died at only thirty-two (d. [[1610]])
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[William Harvey]], English physician (d. [[1657]])
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[William Harvey]], English physician (d. [[1657]])<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC - History - William Harvey |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/harvey_william.shtml |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref>
* [[April 14]] &ndash; King [[Philip III of Spain]] (d. [[1621]])
* [[April 14]] &ndash; King [[Philip III of Spain]] (d. [[1621]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia Americana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kwg1AAAAMAAJ|year=2000|publisher=Grolier|isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4|page=887|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Maximilian van der Sandt]], Dutch theologian (d. [[1656]])
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Maximilian van der Sandt]], Dutch theologian (d. [[1656]])
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Christian Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] (1601–1642) (d. [[1642]])
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Christian Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] (1601–1642) (d. [[1642]])
Line 52: Line 75:
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Matteo Rosselli]], Italian painter (d. [[1650]])
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Matteo Rosselli]], Italian painter (d. [[1650]])
* [[August 17]]
* [[August 17]]
** [[Francesco Albani]], Italian painter (d. [[1660]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Levey|title=The Later Italian Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKDqAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=Phaidon Publishers|page=51}}</ref>
** [[Francesco Albani]], Italian painter (d. [[1660]])
** [[Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]], first prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (d. [[1638]])
** [[Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]], first prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (d. [[1638]])
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[John Taylor (poet)|John Taylor]], English poet who dubbed himself ''The Water Poet'' (d. [[1653]])
* [[August 24]] &ndash; [[John Taylor (poet)|John Taylor]], English poet who dubbed himself ''The Water Poet'' (d. [[1653]])
Line 67: Line 90:
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Henry Bulstrode]], English Member of Parliament (d. [[1643]])
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Henry Bulstrode]], English Member of Parliament (d. [[1643]])
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)|Ulrik of Denmark]], Danish prince-bishop (d. [[1624]])
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)|Ulrik of Denmark]], Danish prince-bishop (d. [[1624]])
* ''approx. date'' &ndash; [[Fede Galizia]], Italian painter
* ''date unknown''
* ''date unknown''
** [[Giambattista Andreini]], Italian actor and playwright (d. [[1650]])
** [[Giambattista Andreini]], Italian actor and playwright (d. [[1650]])
** [[Yamada Arinaga]], Japanese retainer of the Shimazu clan (d. [[1668]])
** Yamada Arinaga, Japanese retainer of the Shimazu clan (d. [[1668]])
** [[Benedetto Castelli]], Italian scientist (d. [[1643]])
** [[Benedetto Castelli]], Italian scientist (d. [[1643]])
** [[Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry]], English lawyer (d. [[1640]])
** [[Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry]], English lawyer (d. [[1640]])
Line 78: Line 102:
** [[Ambrose Rookwood]], English [[Gunpowder Plot]] conspirator (d. [[1606]])
** [[Ambrose Rookwood]], English [[Gunpowder Plot]] conspirator (d. [[1606]])
** [[Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland]] (d. [[1632]])
** [[Francis Manners, 6th Earl of Rutland]] (d. [[1632]])
** [[Horio Tadauji]], Japanese daimyo (d. [[1604]])
** [[Horio Tadauji]], Japanese daimyō (d. [[1604]])
** [[Everard Digby]], English conspirator (d. [[1606]])
** [[Everard Digby]], English conspirator (d. [[1606]])


Line 88: Line 112:
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Giulio Clovio]], Dalmatian painter (b. [[1498]])
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Giulio Clovio]], Dalmatian painter (b. [[1498]])
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Queen Inseong]], Korean royal consort (b. [[1514]])
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Queen Inseong]], Korean royal consort (b. [[1514]])
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Mihrimah Sultan]], Sultan Suleiman's daughter (b. [[1522]])
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Suleiman I)|Mihrimah Sultan]], Sultan Suleiman's daughter (b. [[1522]])
* [[February 5]] or [[1579]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Battista Moroni]], Italian painter (b. [[1510]])
* [[February 5]] or [[1579]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Battista Moroni]], Italian painter (b. [[1510]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal]] (b. [[1507]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal]] (b. [[1507]])
* [[March 3]]
* [[March 3]]
** [[Sebastiano Venier]], Doge of Venice (b. [[1496]])
** [[Sebastiano Venier]], Doge of Venice (b. [[1496]])
** [[Michael Kantakouzenos Şeytanoğlu]], Ottoman Greek magnate
** [[Michael Kantakouzenos Şeytanoğlu]], Ottoman Greek magnate (b. [[1510]])
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Margaret Douglas]], Countess of Lennox (b. [[1515]])
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Margaret Douglas]], Countess of Lennox (b. [[1515]])
* [[March 29]]
* [[March 29]]
Line 101: Line 125:
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany]], Austrian Archduchess (b. [[1547]])
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany]], Austrian Archduchess (b. [[1547]])
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell]], consort of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] (b. [[1535]])
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell]], consort of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] (b. [[1535]])
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Wolrad II, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg]] (b. [[1509]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Uesugi Kenshin]], Japanese samurai and warlord (b. [[1530]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Uesugi Kenshin]], Japanese samurai and warlord (b. [[1530]])
* [[May 4]] &ndash; [[Martin Eisengrein]], German theologian (b. [[1535]])
* [[May 4]] &ndash; [[Martin Eisengrein]], German theologian (b. [[1535]])
Line 115: Line 140:
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Pedro Nunes]], Portuguese mathematician (b. [[1502]])
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Pedro Nunes]], Portuguese mathematician (b. [[1502]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Andrew Corbet (died 1578)|Andrew Corbet]], English landowner and politician (b. [[1522]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Andrew Corbet (died 1578)|Andrew Corbet]], English landowner and politician (b. [[1522]])
* September &ndash; [[Pierre Lescot]], French architect (b. [[1510]])
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Yamanaka Yukimori]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1545]])
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Pierre Lescot]], French architect (b. [[1510]])
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Giulio della Rovere]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1533]])
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Giulio della Rovere]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1533]])
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria]] (b. [[1561]])
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria]] (b. [[1561]])
* [[October 1]] &ndash; Don [[John of Austria]], military leader (b. [[1547]])
* [[October 1]] &ndash; Don [[John of Austria]], military leader (b. [[1547]])<ref name="BrulezKoch2012"/>
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Cornelius Gemma]], Dutch astronomer and astrologer (b. [[1535]])
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[Cornelius Gemma]], Dutch astronomer and astrologer (b. [[1535]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias]], Spanish prince (b. [[1571]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias]], Spanish prince (b. [[1571]])
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba (1520–1578)|Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba]], Governor of the Duchy of Milan (b. [[1520]])
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba (1520–1578)|Gonzalo II Fernández de Córdoba]], Governor of the Duchy of Milan (b. [[1520]])
* [[December]] &ndash; [[Nicholas Heath]], Archbishop of York and [[Lord Chancellor]] of England (b. [[1501]])
* [[December]] &ndash; [[Nicholas Heath]], Archbishop of York and [[Lord Chancellor]] of England (b. [[1501]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Sabina, Duchess of Bavaria]] (b. [[1528]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Sabina of Palatinate-Simmern|Sabina, Duchess of Bavaria]] (b. [[1528]])


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 12:34, 3 January 2025

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
August 4: Battle of Alcácer Quibir
1578 by topic
Arts and science
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
1578 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1578
MDLXXVIII
Ab urbe condita2331
Armenian calendar1027
ԹՎ ՌԻԷ
Assyrian calendar6328
Balinese saka calendar1499–1500
Bengali calendar984–985
Berber calendar2528
English Regnal year20 Eliz. 1 – 21 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2122
Burmese calendar940
Byzantine calendar7086–7087
Chinese calendar丁丑年 (Fire Ox)
4275 or 4068
    — to —
戊寅年 (Earth Tiger)
4276 or 4069
Coptic calendar1294–1295
Discordian calendar2744
Ethiopian calendar1570–1571
Hebrew calendar5338–5339
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1634–1635
 - Shaka Samvat1499–1500
 - Kali Yuga4678–4679
Holocene calendar11578
Igbo calendar578–579
Iranian calendar956–957
Islamic calendar985–986
Japanese calendarTenshō 6
(天正６年)
Javanese calendar1497–1498
Julian calendar1578
MDLXXVIII
Korean calendar3911
Minguo calendar334 before ROC
民前334年
Nanakshahi calendar110
Thai solar calendar2120–2121
Tibetan calendar阴火牛年
(female Fire-Ox)
1704 or 1323 or 551
    — to —
阳土虎年
(male Earth-Tiger)
1705 or 1324 or 552

1578 (MDLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday in the Julian calendar.

Events

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January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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Births

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William Harvey
Philip III of Spain

Deaths

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Giovanni Battista Moroni
Sebastian of Portugal
Archduke Wenceslaus of Austria
Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias

References

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  1. ^ "Osmanska opsada Gvozdanskog 1578" [The Ottoman siege of Gvozdansko in 1578], by Hrvoje Kekez, in Magazin Za Vojnu Povijest No.4 (in Croatian), 2011, pp. 70–73
  2. ^ John Fitzmaurice (1988). The Politics of Belgium: Crisis and Compromise in a Plural Society. C. Hurst. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-85065-038-6.
  3. ^ de Achútegui, Pedro S. (1979). "A Problem of Chronology: The Quadricentennial of Manila and the Gregorian Calendar". Philippine Studies. 27 (3): 417–431. ISSN 0031-7837. JSTOR 42632495.
  4. ^ "'Kennen, respecteren ende gehoorsamen': Amsterdamse schouten en hun ambt", Jaarboek Amstelodamum 89 (1997) p.16
  5. ^ Colin P. Mitchell, The Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran: Power, Religion and Rhetoric (I.B. Tauris, 2009) p. 160
  6. ^ "Da Pónte, Nicolò, doge di Venezia", by Giuseppe Gullino, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Vol. 32 (Treccani, 1986)
  7. ^ "Lucas, François, dit Lucas Brugensis", in Biographie Nationale de Belgique, ed. by A. C. De Schrevel (Brussels, 1893) pp. 550-563
  8. ^ St James Press; Anthony Levi; Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi (1992). Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789. St. James Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-1-55862-159-6.
  9. ^ Letters Patent to Sir Humfrey Gylberte June 11, 1578, from the Avalon Project.
  10. ^ Harry Kelsey, Sir Francis Drake: the Queen's Pirate (Yale University Press, 1998) pp.108-109
  11. ^ Melanie Kirkpatrick, Thanksgiving: The Holiday at the Heart of the American Experience (Encounter Books, 2016) p.31
  12. ^ Richard Collinson, The Three Voyages of Martin Frobisher, in Search of a Passage to Cathaia and India by the North-West A.D. 1576—8 (Hakluyt Society, 1867)
  13. ^ a b "Voyage of the Golden Hind". The Golden Hind. Brixham. 2012. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
  14. ^ a b W. Brulez; A. C. F. Koch; E. H. Kossman (6 December 2012). Acta Historiae Neerlandicae/Studies on the History of the Netherlands VI. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 28. ISBN 978-94-011-5945-6.
  15. ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 156–159. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  16. ^ Robert Bailly, Topographie du siège et du bourg de Ménerbes (1573–1578): la Citadelle (Académie de Vaucluse, 1968)
  17. ^ Haddow, Alexander John (1982). The History and Structure of Ceol Mor: A Guide to Piobaireachd, the Classical Music of the Great Highland Bagpipe: a Collection of Critical and Historical Essays. M.R.S. Haddow. p. 67.
  18. ^ "BBC - History - William Harvey". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  19. ^ The Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier. 2000. p. 887. ISBN 978-0-7172-0133-4.
  20. ^ Michael Levey (1964). The Later Italian Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen. Phaidon Publishers. p. 51.
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