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{{About year|313}} |
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{{more citations needed|date=September 2018}} |
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{{Year nav|313}} |
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[[File:Daza01 pushkin.jpg|thumb|Emperor [[Maximinus |
[[File:Daza01 pushkin.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Emperor [[Maximinus Daza]] (r. 310–313)]] |
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Year '''313''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CCCXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] |
Year '''313''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CCCXIII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Constantinus and Licinianus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 1066 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 313 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. This year is notable for ending of the persecution of [[Christians]] in the [[Roman Empire]]. |
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== Events == |
== Events == |
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=== By place === |
=== By place === |
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==== Roman Empire ==== |
==== Roman Empire ==== |
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* At the end of 312 or in early 313, the retired Emperor [[Diocletian]] dies in his palace in [[Split, Croatia|Split]], most likely from natural causes. |
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* [[February 3]] – [[Edict of Milan]]: [[Constantine the Great]] and co-emperor [[Licinius]] meet at a conference in [[Mediolanum]] (modern [[Milan]]). They proclaim a policy of religious freedom for all, ending the persecution of Christians in the [[Roman Empire]] and returning property confiscated from Christians. <ref name="Frend">Frend, W. H. C. ''The Early Church'' SPCK 1965, p. 137</ref> |
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* [[February]]: Emperors [[Constantine I]] and [[Licinius]] convene in [[Mediolanum]] (modern [[Milan]]). Licinius marries Constantine's half-sister [[Flavia Julia Constantia|Constantia]], and they issue the [[Edict of Milan]]. This edict ends the [[Great Persecution]] against the [[Christians]] and is the first piece of legislation in western history to decree [[freedom of religion]]. It also returns property confiscated from Christians.<ref name="Frend">{{cite book|last=Frend|first=W. H. C.|title=The Early Church|publisher=SPCK|year=1965|page=137}}</ref> The edict is posted in [[Nicomedia]] on June 13. |
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* Emperor [[Maximinus |
* Emperor [[Maximinus Daza]] crosses the [[Bosphorus]] with an army of 70,000 men and lays siege to [[Marmara Ereğlisi|Heraclea]] in [[Thrace]]. He captures the city after eight days. |
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* |
* [[Battle of Tzirallum]]: Licinius defeats his rival Maximinus in Thrace, who then flees to [[Cilicia]]. After losing the [[Cilician Gates]] to Licinius' forces, Maximinus commits suicide. |
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* Licinius conducts a purge of the wider Tetrarchic dynasty. He executes [[Galerius]]' son [[Candidianus (son of Galerius)|Candidianus]], [[Valerius Severus]]' son [[Flavius Severianus|Severianus]] (whom he accuses of conspiracy), and Maximinus' wife, son and daughter. Diocletian's wife [[Prisca (empress)|Prisca]] and daughter [[Galeria Valeria]] go into hiding. |
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==== Asia ==== |
==== Asia ==== |
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* [[March 14]] – |
* [[March 14]] – [[Emperor Huai of Jin]] is executed by [[Liu Cong (Han Zhao)|Liu Cong]], ruler of the [[Xiongnu]] state ([[Han Zhao|Han-Zhao]]). At the imperial [[Chinese New Year|new year]] he and a number of former [[Jin dynasty (266–420)|Jin]] officials are poisoned. Crown prince [[Emperor Min of Jin|Min of Jin]], age 13, succeeds, in [[Chang'an]], his uncle Huai of Jin and becomes the new emperor of the [[Jin dynasty (265–420)|Jin Dynasty]]. |
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* [[Emperor Nintoku|Nintoku]], the fourth son of [[Emperor Ōjin|Ōjin]], becomes the [[List of Emperors of Japan|16th emperor]] of [[Japan]]. |
* [[Emperor Nintoku|Nintoku]], the fourth son of [[Emperor Ōjin|Ōjin]], becomes the [[List of Emperors of Japan|16th emperor]] of [[Japan]]. The historical profile of Nintoku is generally accepted as fact without attributing all of the things he allegedly accomplished.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Wetzler|first=Peter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g58BEAAAQBAJ&dq=historicity+of+Emperor+Jimmu&pg=PA101|title=Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision Making in Prewar Japan|date=1998-02-01|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-6285-5|pages=101|language=en}}</ref> |
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=== By topic === |
=== By topic === |
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==== Religion ==== |
==== Religion ==== |
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* [[February 3]] – [[Edict of Milan]]: [[Constantine the Great]] and co-emperor [[Licinius]] meet at a conference in [[Mediolanum]] (modern [[Milan]]). They proclaim a policy of religious freedom for all, ending the persecution of Christians in the [[Roman Empire]] and returning property confiscated from Christians. |
* [[February 3]] – [[Edict of Milan]]: [[Constantine the Great]] and co-emperor [[Licinius]] meet at a conference in [[Mediolanum]] (modern [[Milan]]). They proclaim a policy of religious freedom for all, ending the persecution of Christians in the [[Roman Empire]] and returning property confiscated from Christians. The edict is posted in [[Nicomedia]] on June 13. |
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* [[October 2]] – [[Lateran council|Lateran Synod]]: [[Donatism]] is declared a [[Heresy in Christianity|heresy]]. |
* [[October 2]] – [[Lateran council|Lateran Synod]]: [[Donatism]] is declared a [[Heresy in Christianity|heresy]]. |
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* [[Arius]] preaches of the human nature of [[Jesus]]. |
* [[Arius]] preaches of the human nature of [[Jesus]]. </onlyinclude> |
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</onlyinclude> |
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== Births == |
== Births == |
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* [[ |
* [[Cyril of Jerusalem]], Christian bishop and theologian (d. [[386]]) |
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* [[ |
* [[Didymus the Blind]], Alexandrian theologian (d. [[398]]) |
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* [[Shi Hong]], Chinese emperor of the [[Jie people|Jie]] state (d. [[334]]) |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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* [[March 14]] – [[Emperor Huai of Jin|Jin |
* [[March 14]] – [[Emperor Huai of Jin|Huai of Jin]], Chinese emperor (b. [[284]]) |
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* [[ |
* [[Pope Achillas of Alexandria|Achillas]] ('''the Great'''), pope and patriarch of [[Alexandria]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Maximinus Daza|Galerius Valerius Maximinus]], Roman emperor (b. [[270]]) |
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* [[Candidianus (son of Galerius)]] |
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* [[Flavius Severianus|Severianus]], son of [[Valerius Severus]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Latest revision as of 13:01, 3 January 2025
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2018) |
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 313 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 313 CCCXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1066 |
| Assyrian calendar | 5063 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 234–235 |
| Bengali calendar | −281 – −280 |
| Berber calendar | 1263 |
| Buddhist calendar | 857 |
| Burmese calendar | −325 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5821–5822 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬申年 (Water Monkey) 3010 or 2803 — to — 癸酉年 (Water Rooster) 3011 or 2804 |
| Coptic calendar | 29–30 |
| Discordian calendar | 1479 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 305–306 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4073–4074 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 369–370 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 234–235 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3413–3414 |
| Holocene calendar | 10313 |
| Iranian calendar | 309 BP – 308 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 319 BH – 318 BH |
| Javanese calendar | 193–194 |
| Julian calendar | 313 CCCXIII |
| Korean calendar | 2646 |
| Minguo calendar | 1599 before ROC 民前1599年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1155 |
| Seleucid era | 624/625 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 855–856 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳水猴年 (male Water-Monkey) 439 or 58 or −714 — to — 阴水鸡年 (female Water-Rooster) 440 or 59 or −713 |
Year 313 (CCCXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantinus and Licinianus (or, less frequently, year 1066 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 313 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. This year is notable for ending of the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Roman Empire
[edit]- At the end of 312 or in early 313, the retired Emperor Diocletian dies in his palace in Split, most likely from natural causes.
- February: Emperors Constantine I and Licinius convene in Mediolanum (modern Milan). Licinius marries Constantine's half-sister Constantia, and they issue the Edict of Milan. This edict ends the Great Persecution against the Christians and is the first piece of legislation in western history to decree freedom of religion. It also returns property confiscated from Christians.[1] The edict is posted in Nicomedia on June 13.
- Emperor Maximinus Daza crosses the Bosphorus with an army of 70,000 men and lays siege to Heraclea in Thrace. He captures the city after eight days.
- Battle of Tzirallum: Licinius defeats his rival Maximinus in Thrace, who then flees to Cilicia. After losing the Cilician Gates to Licinius' forces, Maximinus commits suicide.
- Licinius conducts a purge of the wider Tetrarchic dynasty. He executes Galerius' son Candidianus, Valerius Severus' son Severianus (whom he accuses of conspiracy), and Maximinus' wife, son and daughter. Diocletian's wife Prisca and daughter Galeria Valeria go into hiding.
Asia
[edit]- March 14 – Emperor Huai of Jin is executed by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Han-Zhao). At the imperial new year he and a number of former Jin officials are poisoned. Crown prince Min of Jin, age 13, succeeds, in Chang'an, his uncle Huai of Jin and becomes the new emperor of the Jin Dynasty.
- Nintoku, the fourth son of Ōjin, becomes the 16th emperor of Japan. The historical profile of Nintoku is generally accepted as fact without attributing all of the things he allegedly accomplished.[2]
By topic
[edit]Art and Science
[edit]- Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (or Basilica Nova), in Rome, is finished.
Religion
[edit]- February 3 – Edict of Milan: Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius meet at a conference in Mediolanum (modern Milan). They proclaim a policy of religious freedom for all, ending the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire and returning property confiscated from Christians. The edict is posted in Nicomedia on June 13.
- October 2 – Lateran Synod: Donatism is declared a heresy.
- Arius preaches of the human nature of Jesus.
Births
[edit]- Cyril of Jerusalem, Christian bishop and theologian (d. 386)
- Didymus the Blind, Alexandrian theologian (d. 398)
- Shi Hong, Chinese emperor of the Jie state (d. 334)
Deaths
[edit]- March 14 – Huai of Jin, Chinese emperor (b. 284)
- Achillas (the Great), pope and patriarch of Alexandria
- Galerius Valerius Maximinus, Roman emperor (b. 270)
- Candidianus (son of Galerius)
- Severianus, son of Valerius Severus
- Guangxian, Chinese empress of the Xiongnu state
- Zhang Huiguang (or Wuxiao), Chinese empress
References
[edit]- ^ Frend, W. H. C. (1965). The Early Church. SPCK. p. 137.
- ^ Wetzler, Peter (February 1, 1998). Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision Making in Prewar Japan. University of Hawaii Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-8248-6285-5.