Montreal Star: Difference between revisions

The Montreal Star
	A copy of The Montreal Evening Star from 1869
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Owner(s)	1869–1925, Hugh Graham and George T. Lanigan;; 1925–1963, John Wilson McConnell;; 1963–1979, Free Press Publications
Founded	January 16, 1869
Political alignment	Canadian federalism
Language	English language
Ceased publication	September 25, 1979
Headquarters	Montreal, Quebec, Canada
ISSN	0842-1331

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The Montreal Star was an English-language Canadian newspaper published in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It closed in 1979 in the wake of an eight-month pressmen's strike.

It was Canada's largest newspaper until the 1950s and remained the dominant English-language newspaper in Montreal until shortly before its closure.^[1]

History

The paper was founded January 16, 1869, by Hugh Graham, 1st Baron Atholstan, and George T. Lanigan as the Montreal Evening Star.^[2] Graham ran the newspaper for nearly 70 years. In 1877, The Evening Star became known as The Montreal Daily Star.

As well as news and editorials, the Star sometimes created its own topics of interest; in the late 1890s it sponsored a world tour for journalist Sarah Jeannette Duncan, and printed a series of features about her adventures.^[3]

In the 1890s the Star began voluntary audits of its circulation figures, and called for government regulation to control inflated circulation claims by other publications.^[4] The paper's circulation increased significantly during that decade,^[5] and by 1899, it reached a daily readership of 52,600;^[6] by 1913 40% of its circulation was outside of Montreal.^[7]

By 1915, the Montreal Star dominated the city's English-language evening newspaper market and Graham was able to out-perform his competitors who closed and assured him control of the English-language market.

In 1925, Graham sold the Montreal Star to John Wilson McConnell, but continued to operate the newspaper until his death in 1938. McConnell also owned two other publications, the Montreal Standard^[8] and the weekly Family Herald: Canada's National Farm Magazine.

Beginning in the 1940s, the Montreal Star became very successful, with a circulation of nearly 180,000 and remaining at roughly that same level for approximately thirty years.

In 1951, the Montreal Star launched its Weekend Magazine supplement (subsuming the former Montreal Standard), with an initial circulation of 900,000.^[9]

After McConnell's death in 1963, Toronto-based FP newspaper group, owner of The Globe and Mail and the Winnipeg Free Press acquired the Montreal Star. Thomson Newspapers later acquired the FP chain in 1980. In 1971, most of the shares in the newspaper were owned by Commercial Trust.^[10]

In 1978, a strike by pressmen (printers' union) began and lasted eight months. Although the strike was settled in February 1979 and the Star resumed publication, it had lost readers and advertisers to the rival paper The Gazette, and ceased publication permanently only a few months later on September 25, 1979. The Gazette acquired the Star's building, presses, and archives, and became the sole English-language daily in Montreal. Prior to the strike the Star had consistently out-sold The Gazette.^[11]

The newspaper ceased publication only a few months after another Montreal daily, Montréal-Matin, stopped its presses. These closings left many Montrealers concerned.^[12]

In the late 1970s, the Star launched its own non-fiction book publishing brand. After the publication of the paper was ended post-strike, the book division continued to operate independently. In 1982, it was taken private, and subsequently renamed Optimum Publishing International.^[13]

The death of the Star, soon followed by the simultaneous closing of the Winnipeg Tribune and Ottawa Journal pushed the federal government to establish the Kent Commission to examine newspaper monopolies in Canada.

Notable contributors

The Star was the first newspaper in Canada to employ a staff editorial cartoonist, when it hired Henri Julien in 1888.^[14]

Its sports editor Harold Atkins, writing under the column 'Sports Snippings', nicknamed the wheelchair basketball team as "The Wheelchair Wonders".

Eddie MacCabe wrote for the Star in 1951 and 1952, prior to being inducted in the reporters section of the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.^[15]

Other contributors of note included Kathleen Shackleton in the beginning of the 20th century, Red Fisher, Doris Giller, Nick Auf der Maur, Don Macpherson, Terry Mosher and Dennis Trudeau, many of whom moved over to The Gazette when the Star folded.

Raymond Heard was the newspaper's White House correspondent from 1963 until 1973, and then served as the newspaper's managing editor, from 1976 until it closed in 1979. He served under Frank Walker who was editor-in-chief.

References

^ W.H. Kesterton (1 January 1967). A History of Journalism in Canada. MQUP. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-7735-9516-3.
^ Mary Vipond (25 March 2011). The Mass Media in Canada: Fourth Edition. James Lorimer & Company. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-55277-658-2.
^ Carole Gerson (25 June 2010). Canadian Women in Print, 1750–1918. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-55458-688-2.
^ Russell Johnston (February 2012). Selling Themselves. University of Toronto Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4426-1307-2.
^ Minko Sotiron (1997). From Politics to Profit: The Commercialization of Canadian Daily Newspapers, 1890-1920. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-7735-1375-4.
^ Carl Bridge; Kent Fedorowich (23 November 2004). The British World: Diaspora, Culture and Identity. Routledge. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-135-75959-9.
^ McDowall, Duncan. "Getting Down to Business: Canada, 1896-1919". McCord Museum. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
^ Granatstein, J.L. (16 December 2013). "Montreal Standard". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved 2015-07-02.
^ "The Influence of American Magazines". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
^ Canada. Parliament. Senate. Special Committee on Mass Media (1971). The uncertain mirror. Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 30.
^ "Press: A Star Is Shorn". TIME. Canadian edition. October 8, 1979. Archived from the original on October 2, 2009. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
^ Déclaration du Conseil de presse du Québec concernant la fermeture du Montreal Star (extrait du Rapport annuel 1979-80) (In French)
^ "Patrick Brown writing a tell-all about his "political assassination"". Quill and Quire. 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
^ "Popular Recognition". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
^ Chwialkowska, Luiza (May 24, 1998). "Eddie MacCabe: A glimpse it the city's soul". Ottawa Citizen. Ottawa, Ontario. p. 7.

External links

[Kesterton1967-1] W.H. Kesterton (1 January 1967). A History of Journalism in Canada. MQUP. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-7735-9516-3.

[Vipond2011-2] Mary Vipond (25 March 2011). The Mass Media in Canada: Fourth Edition. James Lorimer & Company. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-55277-658-2.

[Gerson2010-3] Carole Gerson (25 June 2010). Canadian Women in Print, 1750–1918. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-55458-688-2.

[Johnston2012-4] Russell Johnston (February 2012). Selling Themselves. University of Toronto Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4426-1307-2.

[Sotiron1997-5] Minko Sotiron (1997). From Politics to Profit: The Commercialization of Canadian Daily Newspapers, 1890-1920. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-7735-1375-4.

[BridgeFedorowich2004-6] Carl Bridge; Kent Fedorowich (23 November 2004). The British World: Diaspora, Culture and Identity. Routledge. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-135-75959-9.

[7] McDowall, Duncan. "Getting Down to Business: Canada, 1896-1919". McCord Museum. Retrieved 2 July 2015.

[8] Granatstein, J.L. (16 December 2013). "Montreal Standard". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Canada. Retrieved 2015-07-02.

[9] "The Influence of American Magazines". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-03-26.

[Media1971-10] Canada. Parliament. Senate. Special Committee on Mass Media (1971). The uncertain mirror. Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 30.

[11] "Press: A Star Is Shorn". TIME. Canadian edition. October 8, 1979. Archived from the original on October 2, 2009. Retrieved 2011-04-27.

[12] Déclaration du Conseil de presse du Québec concernant la fermeture du Montreal Star (extrait du Rapport annuel 1979-80) (In French)

[13] "Patrick Brown writing a tell-all about his "political assassination"". Quill and Quire. 2018-05-17. Retrieved 2021-10-23.

[14] "Popular Recognition". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-03-26.

[15] Chwialkowska, Luiza (May 24, 1998). "Eddie MacCabe: A glimpse it the city's soul". Ottawa Citizen. Ottawa, Ontario. p. 7.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Canadian newspaper}}
 {{Infobox Newspaper
 | name                 = The Montreal Star
 | logo                 = [[File:Montrealstar.png|200px]]
-| image                = [[File:The Evening Star Montreal 1869.JPG|200px]]
+| image                = The Evening Star Montreal 1869.JPG
-| caption              = A copy of The Montreal Evening Star from 1869
+| image_size           = 200px
+| caption              = A copy of ''The Montreal Evening Star'' from 1869
 | type                 = [[Daily newspaper]]
 | format               = [[Broadsheet]]
-| owners               = 1869-1925, [[Hugh Graham, 1st Baron Atholstan|Hugh Graham]] and George T. Lanigan;<br>1925-1963, [[John Wilson McConnell]];<br>1963-1979, [[Free Press Publications]]
+| owners               = 1869–1925, [[Hugh Graham, 1st Baron Atholstan|Hugh Graham]] and George T. Lanigan;<br />1925–1963, [[John Wilson McConnell]];<br />1963–1979, [[ FP Publications |Free Press Publications]]
 | publisher            =
 | editor               =
@@ Line 24: / Line 26: @@
 | political            = [[Canadian federalism]]
 | language             = [[English language]]
-| headquarters         = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]]
+| headquarters         = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], Canada
 | circulation          =
 | sister newspapers    =
-| ISSN                 =
+| ISSN                 =  0842-1331
 | oclc                 =
 | website              =
 }}
-The '''''Montreal Star''''' was an [[English language|English-language]] [[Canada|Canadian]] newspaper published in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]]. It folded in 1979 in the wake of an eight-month pressmen's strike.
+'''''The Montreal Star''''' was an [[English language|English-language]] [[Canada|Canadian]] newspaper published in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], Canada. It closed in 1979 in the wake of an eight-month pressmen's strike.
-It was Canada's largest newspaper until the 1950s{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} and remained the dominant English-language newspaper in Montreal until shortly before its closure.
+It was Canada's largest newspaper until the 1950s and remained the dominant English-language newspaper in Montreal until shortly before its closure.<ref name="Kesterton1967">{{cite book|author=W.H. Kesterton|title=A History of Journalism in Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJaxAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA90|date=1 January 1967|publisher=MQUP|isbn=978-0-7735-9516-3|page=90}}</ref>
 ==History==
-[[File:Montreal Star Building II.jpg|thumbnail|left|upright|The former [[Montreal Star Building]] on [[Saint Jacques Street]] in [[Old Montreal]].]]
+[[File:Montreal Star Building II.jpg|thumbnail|left|upright|The former [[Montreal Star Building]] on [[Saint Jacques Street]] in [[Old Montreal]]]]
-[[File:News. V.E. Day BAnQ P48S1P12270.jpg|thumb|260px|The front page of [[:en:Montreal Star|The Montreal Daily Star]] announcing the German surrender.]]
+[[File:News. V.E. Day BAnQ P48S1P12270.jpg|thumb|260px|The front page of [[:en:Montreal Star|''The Montreal Daily Star'']] announcing the German surrender]]
-The paper was founded January 16, 1869, by [[Hugh Graham, 1st Baron Atholstan]] and [[George T. Lanigan]] as the ''Montreal Evening Star''.  Graham ran the newspaper for nearly 70 years. In 1877, ''The Evening Star'' became known as ''The Montreal Daily Star''. By 1899, it reached a daily readership of 52,600 and by 1913 40% of its circulation was outside of Montreal.<ref>{{cite web| last=McDowall| first=Duncan| title=Getting Down to Business: Canada, 1896-1919|url=http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/scripts/printtour.php?tourID=GE_P3_2_EN&Lang=1| work=McCord Museum |accessdate=2 July 2015}}</ref>
+The paper was founded January 16, 1869, by [[Hugh Graham, 1st Baron Atholstan]], and [[George T. Lanigan]] as the ''Montreal Evening Star''.<ref name="Vipond2011">{{cite book|author=Mary Vipond|title=The Mass Media in Canada: Fourth Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-0eDs29g49YC&pg=PA22|date=25 March 2011|publisher=James Lorimer & Company|isbn=978-1-55277-658-2|page=22}}</ref>  Graham ran the newspaper for nearly 70 years. In 1877, ''The Evening Star'' became known as ''The Montreal Daily Star''.
+As well as news and editorials, the ''Star'' sometimes created its own topics of interest; in the late 1890s it sponsored a world tour for journalist Sarah Jeannette Duncan, and printed a series of features about her adventures.<ref name="Gerson2010">{{cite book|author=Carole Gerson|title=Canadian Women in Print, 1750–1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BNDfAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT127|date=25 June 2010|publisher=Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press|isbn=978-1-55458-688-2|page=127}}</ref>
+In the 1890s the ''Star'' began voluntary audits of its circulation figures, and called for government regulation to control inflated circulation claims by other publications.<ref name="Johnston2012">{{cite book|author=Russell Johnston|title=Selling Themselves|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WlRYyA8zytsC&pg=PA129|date=February 2012|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-1307-2|page=129}}</ref> The paper's circulation increased significantly during that decade,<ref name="Sotiron1997">{{cite book|author=Minko Sotiron|title=From Politics to Profit: The Commercialization of Canadian Daily Newspapers, 1890-1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bwfh5Gv3aswC&pg=PA25|year=1997|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP|isbn=978-0-7735-1375-4|page=25}}</ref> and by 1899, it reached a daily readership of 52,600;<ref name="BridgeFedorowich2004">{{cite book|author1=Carl Bridge|author2=Kent Fedorowich|title=The British World: Diaspora, Culture and Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZY6RAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA190|date=23 November 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-75959-9|page=190}}</ref> by 1913 40% of its circulation was outside of Montreal.<ref>{{cite web| last=McDowall| first=Duncan| title=Getting Down to Business: Canada, 1896-1919|url=http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/scripts/printtour.php?tourID=GE_P3_2_EN&Lang=1| work=McCord Museum |access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref>
 By 1915, the ''Montreal Star'' dominated the city's [[English language|English-language]] evening newspaper market and Graham was able to out-perform his competitors who closed and assured him control of the English-language market.
-In 1925, Graham sold the ''Montreal Star'' to [[John Wilson McConnell]], but continued to operate the newspaper until his death in 1938. McConnell also owned two other newspapers, the ''[[Montreal Standard]]''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005408| title=Montreal Standard| encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia| date=16 December 2013| last=Granatstein| first=J.L.| publisher=Historica Canada| accessdate=2015-07-02}}</ref> and ''[[Family Herald (Montreal)|Family Herald]]''.
+In 1925, Graham sold the ''Montreal Star'' to [[John Wilson McConnell]], but continued to operate the newspaper until his death in 1938. McConnell also owned two other publications, the ''[[Montreal Standard]]''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/montreal-standard| title=Montreal Standard| encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia| date=16 December 2013| last=Granatstein| first=J.L.| publisher=Historica Canada| access-date=2015-07-02}}</ref> and the weekly ''[[Family Herald (Montreal)|Family Herald: Canada's National Farm Magazine]]''.
+Beginning in the 1940s, the ''Montreal Star'' became very successful, with a circulation of nearly 180,000 and remaining at roughly that same level for approximately thirty years.
+In 1951, the ''Montreal Star'' launched its ''[[Weekend (magazine)|Weekend Magazine]]'' supplement (subsuming the former ''Montreal Standard''), with an initial circulation of 900,000.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/magazines |title=The Influence of American Magazines |access-date=2008-03-26 |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref>
-Beginning in the 1940s, the ''Montreal Star'' became very successful, its circulation was nearly 180,000 copies and it remained around that level for approximately thirty years.
+After McConnell's death in 1963, [[Toronto]]-based [[Free Press Publications|FP newspaper group]], owner of ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' and the ''[[Winnipeg Free Press]]'' acquired the ''Montreal Star''. Thomson Newspapers later acquired the FP chain in 1980. In 1971, most of the shares in the newspaper were owned by Commercial Trust.<ref name="Media1971">{{cite book|author=Canada. Parliament. Senate. Special Committee on Mass Media|title=The uncertain mirror|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sL_ZAAAAMAAJ|year=1971|publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada|page=30}}</ref>
-In 1951, the ''Montreal Star'' launched its ''[[Weekend (magazine)|Weekend Magazine]]'' supplement (subsuming the former ''Montreal Standard''), with an initial circulation of 900,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC823875 |title=The Influence of American Magazines |accessdate=2008-03-26 |work=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref>
+In 1978, a strike by pressmen (printers' union) began and lasted eight months.  Although the strike was settled in February 1979 and the ''Star'' resumed publication, it had lost readers and advertisers to the rival paper ''[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]'', and ceased publication permanently only a few months later on September 25, 1979.  ''The Gazette'' acquired the ''Star''{{'}}s building, presses, and archives, and became the sole English-language daily in Montreal.  Prior to the strike the ''Star'' had consistently out-sold ''The Gazette''.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Press: A Star Is Shorn |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]] |series=Canadian edition |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916896,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002203943/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916896,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 2, 2009 |date=October 8, 1979 |access-date=2011-04-27}}</ref>
-After McConnell's death in 1963, [[Toronto]]-based [[Free Press Publications|FP newspaper group]], owner of ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' and the ''[[Winnipeg Free Press]]'' acquired the ''Montreal Star''. Thomson Newspapers later acquired the FP chain in 1980.
+The newspaper ceased publication only a few months after another Montreal daily, ''[[Montréal-Matin]]'', stopped its presses. These closings left many Montrealers concerned.<ref>[http://www.conseildepresse.qc.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=142&POSTBACK=b3B0aW9uPWNvbV9jb250ZW50JnRhc2s9Y2F0ZWdvcnkmc2VjdGlvbmlkPTQmaWQ9MTMmSXRlbWlkPTE0MiZsYW5nPSZsaW1pdD0xMCZsaW1pdHN0YXJ0PTE0MCZmaWx0ZXI9 Déclaration du Conseil de presse du Québec concernant la fermeture du Montreal Star (extrait du Rapport annuel 1979-80)] (In French)</ref>
-In 1978, a strike by pressmen (printers' union) began and lasted eight months.  Although the strike was settled in February 1979 and the ''Star'' resumed publication, it had lost readers and advertisers to the rival paper ''[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]'', and ceased publication permanently only a few months later on September 25, 1979.  ''The Gazette'' acquired the ''Star''{{'}}s building, presses, and archives, and became the sole English-language daily in Montreal.  Prior to the strike the ''Star'' had consistently out-sold ''The Gazette''.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Press: A Star Is Shorn |journal=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]] |series=Canadian edition |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916896,00.html |date=October 8, 1979 |accessdate=2011-04-27}}</ref>
+In the late 1970s, the Star launched its own non-fiction book publishing brand. After the publication of the paper was ended post-strike, the book division continued to operate independently. In 1982, it was taken private, and subsequently renamed [[Optimum Publishing International]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-17|title=Patrick Brown writing a tell-all about his "political assassination"|url=https://quillandquire.com/omni/patrick-brown-writing-a-tell-all-about-his-political-assassination/|access-date=2021-10-23|website=Quill and Quire|language=en}}</ref>
-The newspaper ceased publication only a few months after another Montreal daily, ''[[Montréal-Matin]]'', stopped the presses. These closings left many Montrealers concerned.<ref>[http://www.conseildepresse.qc.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=142&POSTBACK=b3B0aW9uPWNvbV9jb250ZW50JnRhc2s9Y2F0ZWdvcnkmc2VjdGlvbmlkPTQmaWQ9MTMmSXRlbWlkPTE0MiZsYW5nPSZsaW1pdD0xMCZsaW1pdHN0YXJ0PTE0MCZmaWx0ZXI9 Déclaration du Conseil de presse du Québec concernant la fermeture du Montreal Star (extrait du Rapport annuel 1979-80)] (In French)</ref>
-The simultaneous closing of the ''Star'', ''[[Calgary Albertan]]'', ''[[Winnipeg Tribune]]'', and ''[[Ottawa Journal]]'' caused the federal government to establish the [[Kent Commission]] to examine newspaper monopolies in Canada.
+The death of the ''Star'', soon followed by the simultaneous closing of the ''[[Winnipeg Tribune]]'' and ''[[Ottawa Journal]]'' pushed the federal government to establish the [[Royal Commission on Newspapers|Kent Commission]] to examine newspaper monopolies in Canada.
 ==Notable contributors==
-The ''Star'' was the first newspaper in Canada to employ a staff [[editorial cartoonist]], when it hired [[Henri Julien]] in 1888.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC869337 |title=Popular Recognition |accessdate=2008-03-26 |work=The Canadian Encyclopedia }}</ref>
+The ''Star'' was the first newspaper in Canada to employ a staff [[editorial cartoonist]], when it hired [[Henri Julien]] in 1888.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/political-cartoons |title=Popular Recognition |access-date=2008-03-26 |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia }}</ref>
-Its sports editor Harold Atkins, writing under the column 'Sports Snippings', nicknamed both Maurice Richard as the "Rocket" and the wheelchair basketball team as "The Wheelchair Wonders".
+Its sports editor Harold Atkins, writing under the column 'Sports Snippings', nicknamed the wheelchair basketball team as "The Wheelchair Wonders".
+[[Eddie MacCabe]] wrote for the ''Star'' in 1951 and 1952, prior to being inducted in the reporters section of the [[Canadian Football Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Eddie MacCabe: A glimpse it the city's soul|last=Chwialkowska|first=Luiza|date=May 24, 1998|newspaper=[[Ottawa Citizen]]|location=Ottawa, Ontario|page=7|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91401770/maccabe-1998/}}{{free access}}</ref>
-Tom Paskal, Associate Editor responsible for science, in 1981 wrote ''Sand Castles: Telidon Field Trials in Canada'',<ref>https://books.google.ca/books/about/Sand_Castles.html?id=ZD3NHAAACAAJ&hl=en</ref> one of the first studies of what was to be the Internet.{{Failed verification}}
-Other contributors of note included [[Red Fisher (journalist)|Red Fisher]], [[Doris Giller]], [[Nick Auf der Maur]], [[Don Macpherson (journalist)|Don Macpherson]], [[Terry Mosher]] and [[Dennis Trudeau]], many of whom moved over to ''[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]'' when the ''Star'' folded.
+Other contributors of note included [[Kathleen Shackleton]] in the beginning of the 20th century, [[Red Fisher (journalist)|Red Fisher]], [[Doris Giller]], [[Nick Auf der Maur]], [[Don Macpherson (journalist)|Don Macpherson]], [[Terry Mosher]] and Dennis Trudeau, many of whom moved over to ''[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]'' when the ''Star'' folded.
-[[Raymond Heard]] was the newspaper's [[White House]] correspondent from 1963 until 1973, and then served as the newspaper's  Managing Editor, with responsibility for all content, from 1976 until it closed in 1979.
+[[Raymond Heard]] was the newspaper's [[White House]] correspondent from 1963 until 1973, and then served as the newspaper's managing editor, from 1976 until it closed in 1979. He served under Frank Walker who was editor-in-chief.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 74: / Line 82: @@
 * [[Raymond Heard]]
 * [[Montreal Star Building]]
-;Montreal newspapers
+Montreal newspapers:
-* [[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]
+* ''[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]]''
-* [[La Presse (Canada)|La Presse]]
+* ''[[La Presse (Canada)|La Presse]]''
-* [[Le Journal de Montréal]]
+* ''[[Le Journal de Montréal]]''
-* [[Montreal Daily News]]
+* ''[[Le Devoir]]''
+* ''[[Montreal Daily News]]'' (defunct)
 ==References==
@@ Line 85: / Line 94: @@
 ==External links==
 * [http://www.vieux.montreal.qc.ca/inventaire/fiches/fiche_gro.php?id=131 vieux.montreal.qc.ca file on ''The Montreal Star''] (in French)
-* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916896,00.html Time Magazine article on The Montreal Star]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091002203943/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916896,00.html ''Time'' Magazine article on ''The Montreal Star'']
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Montreal Star, The}}
-[[Category:Defunct newspapers of Canada]]
+[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Quebec]]
 [[Category:Newspapers published in Montreal]]
-[[Category:Publications established in 1869]]
+[[Category:Newspapers established in 1869]]
-[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1979]]
+[[Category:Newspapers disestablished in 1979]]
 [[Category:English-language newspapers published in Quebec]]
 [[Category:Daily newspapers published in Quebec]]
 [[Category:1869 establishments in Quebec]]
 [[Category:1979 disestablishments in Canada]]
+[[Category:Defunct daily newspapers]]
+[[Category:Defunct English-language newspapers]]