321: Difference between revisions

321 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	321; CCCXXI
Ab urbe condita	1074
Assyrian calendar	5071
Balinese saka calendar	242–243
Bengali calendar	−273 – −272
Berber calendar	1271
Buddhist calendar	865
Burmese calendar	−317
Byzantine calendar	5829–5830
Chinese calendar	庚辰年 (Metal Dragon); 3018 or 2811; — to —; 辛巳年 (Metal Snake); 3019 or 2812
Coptic calendar	37–38
Discordian calendar	1487
Ethiopian calendar	313–314
Hebrew calendar	4081–4082
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	377–378
- Shaka Samvat	242–243
- Kali Yuga	3421–3422
Holocene calendar	10321
Iranian calendar	301 BP – 300 BP
Islamic calendar	310 BH – 309 BH
Javanese calendar	202–203
Julian calendar	321; CCCXXI
Korean calendar	2654
Minguo calendar	1591 before ROC; 民前1591年
Nanakshahi calendar	−1147
Seleucid era	632/633 AG
Thai solar calendar	863–864
Tibetan calendar	阳金龙年; (male Iron-Dragon); 447 or 66 or −706; — to —; 阴金蛇年; (female Iron-Snake); 448 or 67 or −705

Millennium:	1st millennium
Centuries:	3rd century; 4th century ; 5th century;
Decades:	300s; 310s; 320s ; 330s; 340s;
Years:	318; 319; 320; 321 ; 322; 323; 324;

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Year 321 (CCCXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crispus and Constantinus (or, less frequently, year 1074 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 321 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By topic

Roman Empire

Emperor Constantine I expels the Goths from the Danube frontier and repairs Trajan's Bridge. He leads an expedition into the old province Dacia (modern Romania) and makes peace with the barbarians.
March 7 - Constantine I signs legislation directing urban residents to refrain from work, and businesses to be closed, on the "venerable day of the Sun". An exception is made for agriculture.

Asia

Tuoba Heru launches a coup d'état against his cousin Tuoba Yulü and becomes the new Prince of Dai.

By topic

Art and Science

Calcidius translates Plato into Latin.

Food and Drink

Constantine I assigns convicts to grind Rome's flour, in a move to hold back the rising price of food in an empire whose population has shrunk as a result of plague.

Religion

The Christian Church is allowed to hold property.
A synod held in Alexandria condemns Arianism.
History of the Jews in Germany: Jews in modern-day Germany are documented for the first time, in Colonia Agrippinensium (modern-day Cologne).^[1]

Births

Cheng of Jin (or Shigen), Chinese emperor (d. 342)
Du Lingyang (or Chenggong), Chinese empress (d. 341)
Valentinian I ("the Great"), Roman emperor (d. 375)^[2]

Deaths

Tuoba Yulü, Chinese prince of the Tuoba Dai
Zu Ti (or Shizhi), Chinese general and adviser (b. 266)

References

^ Toch, Michael (January 1, 2013), "Appendix Three Places of Jewish Settlement in France and Germany", The Economic History of European Jews, Brill, pp. 289–310, doi:10.1163/9789004235397_014, ISBN 978-90-04-23539-7, retrieved February 3, 2024
^ Lenski, Noel (2003). Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D. University of California Press. p. 56. ISBN 0520928539.

[1] Toch, Michael (January 1, 2013), "Appendix Three Places of Jewish Settlement in France and Germany", The Economic History of European Jews, Brill, pp. 289–310, doi:10.1163/9789004235397_014, ISBN 978-90-04-23539-7, retrieved February 3, 2024

[2] Lenski, Noel (2003). Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D. University of California Press. p. 56. ISBN 0520928539.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
-{{Year dab|321|the game show|3-2-1}}
+{{About year|321|the game show|3-2-1}}
 {{Year nav|321}}
 {{M1 year in topic}}
+[[File:Disc Sol BM GR1899.12-1.2.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Roman sun god [[Sol Invictus]]]]
-__NOTOC__
-Year '''321''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CCCXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Julian calendar]]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Crispus and Constantinus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 1074 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 321 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
+Year '''321''' ('''[[Roman numerals|CCCXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the [[Julian calendar]]. In the [[Roman Empire]], it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Crispus and Constantinus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 1074 ''[[Ab urbe condita]]'''''). The denomination 321 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [[Anno Domini]] [[calendar era]] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
 == Events ==
@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 ==== Roman Empire ====
+* Emperor [[Constantine I]] expels the [[Goths]] from the [[Danube]] frontier and repairs [[Trajan's Bridge]]. He leads an expedition into the old province [[Dacia Mediterranea|Dacia]] (modern [[Romania]]) and makes peace with the barbarians.
-* [[March 7]] &ndash; Edict of [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]]: The ''dies [[Sol Invictus|Solis Invicti]]'' ([[Sunday]]) is proclaimed as the day of rest, [[trade]] is forbidden and [[agriculture]] is allowed.<ref>[http://projectrestore.com/library/biblereadings/br100.htm Project restore.com]</ref> [[Jews]] continue to observe [[Shabbat|Sabbath]] on [[Saturday]], and Constantine himself continues to worship the ancient Roman sun god, [[Apollo]], despite his acceptance of [[Christianity]].
+* [[March 7]] - Constantine I signs legislation directing urban residents to refrain from work, and businesses to be closed, on the "[[Sunday|venerable day of the Sun]]". An exception is made for agriculture.
-* Emperor Constantine I expels the [[Goths]] from the [[Danube]] frontier and repairs [[Trajan's Bridge]]. He leads a expedition into the old province [[Dacia]] (modern [[Romania]]) and makes peace with the barbarians.
-=== Asia ===
+==== Asia ====
-* [[Tuoba Heru]] launched a [[coup d'état]] against his cousin [[Tuoba Yulü]] and becomes the new Prince of [[State of Dai|Dai]].
+* [[Tuoba Heru]] launches a [[coup d'état]] against his cousin [[Tuoba Yulü]] and becomes the new Prince of [[Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Dai]].
 === By topic ===
-==== Arts and sciences ====
+==== Art and Science ====
 * [[Calcidius]] translates [[Plato]] into [[Latin]].
-==== Food and drink ====
+==== Food and Drink ====
-* Constantine I assigns [[convict]]s to grind Rome's [[flour]] in a move to hold back the rising price of [[food]] in an empire whose population has shrunk as a result of [[Plague (disease)|plague]] (see  [[309]] AD).
+* Constantine I assigns convicts to grind Rome's [[flour]], in a move to hold back the rising price of food in an empire whose population has shrunk as a result of [[Plague (disease)|plague]].
 ==== Religion ====
-* The [[Roman Catholic church]] is allowed to hold property.
+* The [[Christian Church]] is allowed to hold property.
-* A [[synod]] in [[Alexandria]] condemns [[Arianism]].
+* A [[synod]] held in [[Alexandria]] condemns [[Arianism]].
+* [[History of the Jews in Germany]]: Jews in modern-day Germany are documented for the first time, in [[Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium|Colonia Agrippinensium]] (modern-day [[Cologne]]).<ref>{{Citation |last=Toch |first=Michael |title=Appendix Three Places of Jewish Settlement in France and Germany |date=2013-01-01 |work=The Economic History of European Jews |pages=289–310 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004235397/B9789004235397_014.xml |access-date=2024-02-03 |publisher=Brill |language=en |doi=10.1163/9789004235397_014 |isbn=978-90-04-23539-7}}</ref></onlyinclude>
-</onlyinclude>
 == Births ==
-* [[Empress Du Lingyang|Du Lingyang]], empress of the [[Jin Dynasty (265-420)|Jin Dynasty]] (d. [[341]])
+* [[Emperor Cheng of Jin|Cheng of Jin]] (or Shigen), Chinese emperor (d. [[342]])
-* [[Emperor Cheng of Jin|Jin Chengdi]], emperor of the Jin Dynasty (d. [[342]])
+* [[Du Lingyang]] (or Chenggong), Chinese empress (d. [[341]])
+* [[Valentinian I]] ("the Great"), Roman emperor (d. [[375]])<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lenski |first=Noel |title=Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D. |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2003 |isbn=0520928539 |pages=56}}</ref>
-* [[Valentinian I]], [[Roman Emperor]] (d. [[375]])
 == Deaths ==
-* [[Tuoba Yulü]], prince of the [[Tuoba]] [[State of Dai|Dai]]
+* [[Tuoba Yulü]], Chinese prince of the [[Tuoba]] [[Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Dai]]
+* [[Zu Ti]] (or Shizhi), Chinese general and adviser (b. [[266]])
 == References ==
@@ Line 44: / Line 45: @@
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