Petre Roman: Difference between revisions

Petre Roman
Petre Roman
	Roman in 1989
Prime Minister of Romania
	In office; 26 December 1989 – 1 October 1991; Acting until 20 June 1990
President	Ion Iliescu
Preceded by	Constantin Dăscălescu
Succeeded by	Theodor Stolojan
Member of the National Salvation Front Council
	In office; 22 December 1989 – 26 December 1989
President of the Senate of Romania
	In office; 27 November 1996 – 22 December 1999
Preceded by	Oliviu Gherman
Succeeded by	Mircea Ionescu Quintus
Minister of Foreign Affairs
	In office; 22 December 1999 – 28 December 2000
Prime Minister	Mugur Isărescu
Preceded by	Andrei Pleșu
Succeeded by	Mircea Geoană
Member of the Senate of Romania
	In office; 22 November 1996 – 12 December 2004
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
	In office; 9 June 1990 – 31 July 1990
	In office; 6 October 1992 – 21 November 1996
	In office; 19 December 2012 – 9 February 2015
Co-Founding Leader of the National Salvation Front
	In office; 22 December 1989 – 28 May 1993 Serving with Ion Iliescu[a] & Dumitru Mazilu[b]
Succeeded by	Himself (party renamed into the Democratic Party)
President of the Democratic Party
	In office; 28 May 1993 – 19 May 2001
Succeeded by	Traian Băsescu
President of the Democratic Force
	In office; 2003–2008
Personal details
Born	22 July 1946 (age 78); Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania
Political party	Social Democratic Party (2020–present)
Other political; affiliations	Romanian Communist Party (before 1989); National Salvation Front (1989–1993) ; Democratic Party (1993–2003) ; Democratic Force (2003–2008) ; National Liberal Party (2008–2017?); Social Liberal Platform (2020)
Spouses	; Mioara Georgescu (m. 1974⁠–⁠2007) ; Silvia Chifiriuc (m. 2009)
Alma mater	Politehnica University of Bucharest ; Paul Sabatier University
Profession	Engineer
Known for	Romanian Revolution
Signature
	a. ^ the party split on 7 April 1992: Ion Iliescu and his supporters formed the FDSN ; b. ^ Mazilu resigned from the leadership of FSN on 26 January 1990

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Petre Roman (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈpetre ˈroman]; born 22 July 1946) is a Romanian engineer and politician who was Prime Minister of Romania from 1989 to 1991, when his government was overthrown by the intervention of the miners led by Miron Cozma in the September 1991 Mineriad. Although regarded as the first Romanian prime minister since 1945 who was not a communist or communist sympathiser, he was a socialist.^[2]^[3] He later self-identified as a liberal.^[4] He was also the president of the Senate from 1996 to 1999 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1999 to 2000.

He was the leader of the Democratic Force (FD) party, which he founded after leaving the Democratic Party (PD) in 2003. He had previously served as an MP in the Lower Chamber, elected in 2012, elected as a member of the National Liberal Party.^[5]^[6] He had been removed from his seat in 2015 after being charged by the National Integrity Agency with incompatibility, but restored to office in 2016 after the Court of Appeals overturned the ruling. He is also a member of the Club of Madrid, a group of more than 80 democratic former statesmen, which works to strengthen democratic governance and leadership.^[7] In the early 2020 he joined Ilan Laufer's Social Liberal Platform, but he left it shortly afterwards.^[8]^[9] He joined the Social Democratic Party and was elected in the General Council of Bucharest in 2020, but he resigned shortly afterwards.^[10]

In 2022, Petre Roman emigrated to Switzerland, in order to become the president of the Swiss UMEF (university of applied sciences institute).^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

Background

Petre Roman was born in Bucharest. His father, Valter Roman, born Ernst or Ernő Neuländer of Transylvanian Hungarian-Jewish descent,^[15]^[16] was a veteran of the Spanish Civil War, a Comintern activist, and a prominent member of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). His mother Hortensia Vallejo was a Spaniard exiled who would become director of the Spanish section of Radio Romania International.^[17] The couple married in Moscow, and he has several siblings.

Roman attended the Petru Groza High School in his native city.^[18] He first rose to prominence during the Romanian Revolution of 1989, when he was among the crowd occupying the National Television building, and broadcasting messages expressing revolutionary triumph. He became provisional prime minister after the overthrow of the Communist regime, and was confirmed in office in June 1990, three months after the country's first free election in 53 years.

In 1974 Roman married Mioara Georgescu, with whom he has a daughter, Oana. In February 2007, husband and wife confirmed that they were divorcing; the divorce was made final on Good Friday, 6 April 2007. In June 2009, he married a pregnant Silvia Chifiriuc (who is 26 years his junior) in a Romanian Orthodox wedding.^[19]

During the Romanian Revolution

Petre Roman was heavily involved in the Romanian Revolution of December 1989 as a member of the National Salvation Front (FSN), both as a revolutionary and as a leading political figure. Given that the revolution was led by politicians united not by a cohesive ideology, but by resentment towards the Ceaușescu regime, in-fighting soon began, especially between its leaders, namely, centre-left liberal Dumitru Mazilu, who wished to instill capitalism, and neo-communist Ion Iliescu, who wanted to keep communism/hard line socialism, but remove Ceaușescu.

As a left-wing socialist, Petre Roman was largely the middle ground between the world-views of his colleagues, as he wanted to replace the Marxist view of socialism as a transitory stage with a more democratic understanding of socialism.

Revolutionary activity

Petre Roman participated directly in the Romanian Revolution, forming a barricade in the centre of Bucharest from the days of 21 and 22 December. On 22 December 1989, Petre Roman spoke from the balcony of the headquarters of the Central Committee against the Ceaușescu regime, the first public demonstration of its kind.

On 22 December, he became a member of the Provisional Council of the National Salvation Front (CPFSN) established for the coordination of the revolutionary process and the establishment of democracy once the revolution had concluded.

Prime minister

On 26 December 1989, Roman was appointed as the acting/ad interim Prime Minister of the provisional FSN government. At the 20 May 1990 elections–the first free elections held in the country in 53 years and colloquially known as the "Blindman's Sunday" (Romanian: Duminica orbului)–he was elected as a deputy from Bucharest on the FSN list.

Shortly afterwards, then president Iliescu designated him once more as prime minister on 20 June 1990. He was formally confirmed in office by the newly elected legislature of the parliament on 28 June 1990 and his governing program was subsequently approved unanimously. He was the head of government of three cabinets between 1989 and 1991, as follows: Roman I cabinet, Roman II cabinet, and Roman III cabinet. He was succeeded by Theodor Stolojan in October 1991, after the September 1991 Mineriad.

Electoral history

Presidential elections

Election	Affiliation	First round			Second round
Election	Affiliation	Votes	Percentage	Position	Votes	Percentage	Position
1996	USD	2,598,545	20.53%	3rd	not qualified
2000	PD	334,852	2.98%	6th	not qualified
2004	FD	140,702	1.34%	7th	not qualified

Notes

^ "Petre Roman și Mircea Coșea s-au înscris în partidul lui Ilan Laufer". 7 February 2020.
^ "Ion Iliescu si Petre Roman au pus la Pitesti bazele Polului Social - HotNews.ro" (in Romanian). 14 October 2005. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ "Portret de traseist cu patalama de revoluţionar: Petre Roman, de la idolul de la APACA la primul pe lista lui Firea". adevarul.ro (in Romanian). 18 August 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ "Petre Roman, noua achiziţie a PSD: Rămân de confesiune liberal". adevarul.ro (in Romanian). 18 August 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ "Petre Roman anunță CU CÂT A COTIZAT LA PARTID fiecare liberal care candidează". Gândul (in Romanian). 6 November 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ Dan, Sebastian (3 April 2014). "Petre Roman, despre scandalul creșterii accizei la carburant". Stiri Brasov - News Brasov (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ "Petre Roman". Club de Madrid. Archived from the original on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
^ "Petre Roman și Mircea Coșea s-au înscris în partidul lui Ilan Laufer". www.digi24.ro (in Romanian). 7 February 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ "Petre Roman și Mircea Coșea s-au înscris în partidul lui Ilan Laufer". Europa Liberă România (in Romanian). 8 February 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ Andrei, Cristian (8 October 2020). "Petre Roman se retrage din Consiliul General, PSD face curățenie în lista lui Firea". Europa Liberă România (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ Bianca, Prangate (14 February 2022). "Motivul pentru care Petre Roman pleacă din România împreună cu Silvia Chifiriuc: "Scapă de mizeria de aici"". Unica.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ Elena, Anghelina (16 February 2022). "Petre Roman, ales președinte la o universitate din Elveția. Ce a spus fostul premier despre o posibilă mutare din România". B1TV.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ Chiriac, Corina (26 February 2024). "Momente cumplite pentru Petre Roman. Ce s-a întâmplat înainte să moară Mioara Roman". Capital (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ Laura, Dumitrache (15 February 2022). "Petre Roman se mută din România: "Scapă de țara asta de doi bani"". Viva.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.
^ Binder, David (27 December 1989). "Upheaval in the East: Leadership; An Aristocrat Among the Revolutionaries". The New York Times.
^ Juviler, P. (1999) "Fantasies of Salvation: Democracy, Nationalism, and Myth in Post-Communist Europe by Vladimir Tismaneanu". Political Science Quarterly 114 (2) p.345–346.
^ P. Roman "Libertatea ca datorie"
^ "Fiii fostei nomenclaturi s-au adunat la reuniunea de clasă". Adevărul (in Romanian). 23 August 2003. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
^ (in Romanian) "Petre Roman s-a cununat religios cu Silvia Chifiriuc" ("Petre Roman Has Religious Wedding with Silvia Chifiriuc"), Mediafax, 6 June 2009; accessed 6 June 2009

External links

Official site at the Wayback Machine (archived 25 January 2007) (site down as of 12 November 2008)
fragments from Petre Roman's book "Libertatea ca datorie", ed. Dacia- Cluj, 1994

Political offices
Preceded by Constantin Dăscălescu	Prime Minister of Romania Acting: 1989–1990 1989–1991	Succeeded by Theodor Stolojan

[1] "Petre Roman și Mircea Coșea s-au înscris în partidul lui Ilan Laufer". 7 February 2020.

[2] "Ion Iliescu si Petre Roman au pus la Pitesti bazele Polului Social - HotNews.ro" (in Romanian). 14 October 2005. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[3] "Portret de traseist cu patalama de revoluţionar: Petre Roman, de la idolul de la APACA la primul pe lista lui Firea". adevarul.ro (in Romanian). 18 August 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[4] "Petre Roman, noua achiziţie a PSD: Rămân de confesiune liberal". adevarul.ro (in Romanian). 18 August 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[5] "Petre Roman anunță CU CÂT A COTIZAT LA PARTID fiecare liberal care candidează". Gândul (in Romanian). 6 November 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[6] Dan, Sebastian (3 April 2014). "Petre Roman, despre scandalul creșterii accizei la carburant". Stiri Brasov - News Brasov (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[7] "Petre Roman". Club de Madrid. Archived from the original on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.

[8] "Petre Roman și Mircea Coșea s-au înscris în partidul lui Ilan Laufer". www.digi24.ro (in Romanian). 7 February 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[9] "Petre Roman și Mircea Coșea s-au înscris în partidul lui Ilan Laufer". Europa Liberă România (in Romanian). 8 February 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[10] Andrei, Cristian (8 October 2020). "Petre Roman se retrage din Consiliul General, PSD face curățenie în lista lui Firea". Europa Liberă România (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[11] Bianca, Prangate (14 February 2022). "Motivul pentru care Petre Roman pleacă din România împreună cu Silvia Chifiriuc: "Scapă de mizeria de aici"". Unica.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[12] Elena, Anghelina (16 February 2022). "Petre Roman, ales președinte la o universitate din Elveția. Ce a spus fostul premier despre o posibilă mutare din România". B1TV.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[13] Chiriac, Corina (26 February 2024). "Momente cumplite pentru Petre Roman. Ce s-a întâmplat înainte să moară Mioara Roman". Capital (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[14] Laura, Dumitrache (15 February 2022). "Petre Roman se mută din România: "Scapă de țara asta de doi bani"". Viva.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[15] Binder, David (27 December 1989). "Upheaval in the East: Leadership; An Aristocrat Among the Revolutionaries". The New York Times.

[16] Juviler, P. (1999) "Fantasies of Salvation: Democracy, Nationalism, and Myth in Post-Communist Europe by Vladimir Tismaneanu". Political Science Quarterly 114 (2) p.345–346.

[17] P. Roman "Libertatea ca datorie"

[Adevărul2003-18] "Fiii fostei nomenclaturi s-au adunat la reuniunea de clasă". Adevărul (in Romanian). 23 August 2003. Retrieved 16 August 2024.

[19] (in Romanian) "Petre Roman s-a cununat religios cu Silvia Chifiriuc" ("Petre Roman Has Religious Wedding with Silvia Chifiriuc"), Mediafax, 6 June 2009; accessed 6 June 2009

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@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 | death_place         =
 | party               = [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] {{small|(2020–present)}}
-| otherparty          = [[Romanian Communist Party]] ({{small|before 1989}})<br>[[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]] {{small|(1989–1993)}} <br /> [[Democratic Party (Romania)|Democratic Party]] {{small|(1993–2003)}} <br /> [[Democratic Force (Romania)|Democratic Force]] {{small|(2003–2008)}} <br /> [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] {{small|(2008–2017?)}}<br>[[National Identity Force Party|Social Liberal Platform]] {{small|(2020)}}<ref>https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/petre-roman-si-mircea-cosea-s-au-inscris-in-partidul-lui-ilan-laufer-1256909</ref>
+| otherparty          = [[Romanian Communist Party]] ({{small|before 1989}})<br />[[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]] {{small|(1989–1993)}} <br /> [[Democratic Party (Romania)|Democratic Party]] {{small|(1993–2003)}} <br /> [[Democratic Force (Romania)|Democratic Force]] {{small|(2003–2008)}} <br /> [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] {{small|(2008–2017?)}}<br />[[National Identity Force Party|Social Liberal Platform]] {{small|(2020)}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/petre-roman-si-mircea-cosea-s-au-inscris-in-partidul-lui-ilan-laufer-1256909 | title=Petre Roman și Mircea Coșea s-au înscris în partidul lui Ilan Laufer | date=7 February 2020 }}</ref>
 | spouse              = {{plainlist|
 * {{Marriage|[[Mioara Georgescu]]|1974|2007}}
 * {{Marriage|[[Silvia Chifiriuc]]|2009}}
 }}
-| alma_mater          = [[Politehnica University of Bucharest]] <br /> [[Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier University|Paul Sabatier University]]
+| alma_mater          = [[Politehnica University of Bucharest]] <br /> [[Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier University|Paul Sabatier University]]
 | profession          = [[Engineer]]
 | known_for           = [[Romanian Revolution]]
@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 }}
-'''Petre Roman''' ({{IPA-ro|ˈpetre ˈroman}}; born 22 July 1946) is a Romanian engineer and politician who was [[Prime Minister of Romania]] from 1989 to 1991, when his [[Third Roman cabinet|government]] was overthrown by the [[Mineriad|intervention]] of the miners led by [[Miron Cozma]] in the [[September 1991 Mineriad]]. Although regarded as the first Romanian prime minister since 1945 who was not a communist or communist sympathiser, he was a socialist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-14 |title=Ion Iliescu si Petre Roman au pus la Pitesti bazele Polului Social - HotNews.ro |url=https://hotnews.ro/ion-iliescu-si-petre-roman-au-pus-la-pitesti-bazele-polului-social-857689 |access-date=2024-07-23 |language=ro-RO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-18 |title=Portret de traseist cu patalama de revoluţionar: Petre Roman, de la idolul de la APACA la primul pe lista lui Firea |url=https://adevarul.ro/politica/portret-de-traseist-cu-patalama-de-revolutionar-2041877.html |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=adevarul.ro |language=ro}}</ref> He later self-identified as a [[Liberalism in Romania|liberal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-18 |title=Petre Roman, noua achiziţie a PSD: Rămân de confesiune liberal |url=https://adevarul.ro/politica/petre-roman-noua-achizitie-a-psd-raman-de-2041896.html |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=adevarul.ro |language=ro}}</ref> He was also the [[President of the Senate of Romania|president]] of the [[Senate of Romania|Senate]] from 1996 to 1999 and [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] from 1999 to 2000.
+'''Petre Roman''' ({{IPA|ro|ˈpetre ˈroman}}; born 22 July 1946) is a Romanian engineer and politician who was [[Prime Minister of Romania]] from 1989 to 1991, when his [[Third Roman cabinet|government]] was overthrown by the [[Mineriad|intervention]] of the miners led by [[Miron Cozma]] in the [[September 1991 Mineriad]]. Although regarded as the first Romanian prime minister since 1945 who was not a communist or communist sympathiser, he was a socialist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-14 |title=Ion Iliescu si Petre Roman au pus la Pitesti bazele Polului Social - HotNews.ro |url=https://hotnews.ro/ion-iliescu-si-petre-roman-au-pus-la-pitesti-bazele-polului-social-857689 |access-date=2024-07-23 |language=ro-RO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-18 |title=Portret de traseist cu patalama de revoluţionar: Petre Roman, de la idolul de la APACA la primul pe lista lui Firea |url=https://adevarul.ro/politica/portret-de-traseist-cu-patalama-de-revolutionar-2041877.html |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=adevarul.ro |language=ro}}</ref> He later self-identified as a [[Liberalism in Romania|liberal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-18 |title=Petre Roman, noua achiziţie a PSD: Rămân de confesiune liberal |url=https://adevarul.ro/politica/petre-roman-noua-achizitie-a-psd-raman-de-2041896.html |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=adevarul.ro |language=ro}}</ref> He was also the [[President of the Senate of Romania|president]] of the [[Senate of Romania|Senate]] from 1996 to 1999 and [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] from 1999 to 2000.
-He was the leader of the [[Democratic Force (Romania)|Democratic Force]] (FD) party, which he founded after leaving the [[Democratic Party (Romania)|Democratic Party]] (PD) in 2003. He had previously served as an MP in the [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Lower Chamber]], elected in [[2012 Romanian legislative election|2012]], elected as a member of the [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-06 |title=Petre Roman anunță CU CÂT A COTIZAT LA PARTID fiecare liberal care candidează |url=https://www.gandul.ro/politica/petre-roman-anunta-cu-cat-a-cotizat-la-partid-fiecare-liberal-care-candideaza-10277881 |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=Gândul |language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dan |first=Sebastian |date=2014-04-03 |title=Petre Roman, despre scandalul creșterii accizei la carburant |url=https://newsbv.ro/petre-roman-despre-scandalul-cresterii-accizei-la-carburant/ |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=Stiri Brasov - News Brasov |language=ro-RO}}</ref> He had been removed from his seat in 2015 after being charged by the National Integrity Agency with incompatibility, but restored to office in 2016 after the Court of Appeals overturned the ruling. He is also a member of the [[Club of Madrid]], a group of more than 80 democratic former statesmen, which works to strengthen democratic governance and leadership.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/miembro/petre_roman|title=Petre Roman|publisher=Club de Madrid|access-date=28 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626181309/http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/miembro/petre_roman|archive-date=26 June 2012}}</ref> In the early 2020 he joined [[Ilan Laufer]]'s Social Liberal Platform, but he left it shortly afterwards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-07 |title=Petre Roman și Mircea Coșea s-au înscris în partidul lui Ilan Laufer |url=https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/petre-roman-si-mircea-cosea-s-au-inscris-in-partidul-lui-ilan-laufer-1256909 |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=www.digi24.ro |language=ro}}</ref><ref>https://romania.europalibera.org/a/petre-roman-%C8%99i-mircea-co%C8%99ea-s-au-%C3%AEnscris-%C3%AEn-partidul-lui-ilan-laufer/30423925.html</ref> He joined the [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] and was elected in the [[General Council of Bucharest]] in 2020, but he resigned shortly afterwards.<ref>https://romania.europalibera.org/a/petre-roman-se-retrage-psd-face-cur%C4%83%C8%9Benie-%C3%AEn-lista-lui-firea/30882116.html</ref>
+He was the leader of the [[Democratic Force (Romania)|Democratic Force]] (FD) party, which he founded after leaving the [[Democratic Party (Romania)|Democratic Party]] (PD) in 2003. He had previously served as an MP in the [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Lower Chamber]], elected in [[2012 Romanian legislative election|2012]], elected as a member of the [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-06 |title=Petre Roman anunță CU CÂT A COTIZAT LA PARTID fiecare liberal care candidează |url=https://www.gandul.ro/politica/petre-roman-anunta-cu-cat-a-cotizat-la-partid-fiecare-liberal-care-candideaza-10277881 |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=Gândul |language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dan |first=Sebastian |date=2014-04-03 |title=Petre Roman, despre scandalul creșterii accizei la carburant |url=https://newsbv.ro/petre-roman-despre-scandalul-cresterii-accizei-la-carburant/ |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=Stiri Brasov - News Brasov |language=ro-RO}}</ref> He had been removed from his seat in 2015 after being charged by the National Integrity Agency with incompatibility, but restored to office in 2016 after the Court of Appeals overturned the ruling. He is also a member of the [[Club of Madrid]], a group of more than 80 democratic former statesmen, which works to strengthen democratic governance and leadership.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/miembro/petre_roman|title=Petre Roman|publisher=Club de Madrid|access-date=28 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626181309/http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/miembro/petre_roman|archive-date=26 June 2012}}</ref> In the early 2020 he joined [[Ilan Laufer]]'s Social Liberal Platform, but he left it shortly afterwards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-07 |title=Petre Roman și Mircea Coșea s-au înscris în partidul lui Ilan Laufer |url=https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/petre-roman-si-mircea-cosea-s-au-inscris-in-partidul-lui-ilan-laufer-1256909 |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=www.digi24.ro |language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2020-02-08 |title=Petre Roman și Mircea Coșea s-au înscris în partidul lui Ilan Laufer |url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/petre-roman-%C8%99i-mircea-co%C8%99ea-s-au-%C3%AEnscris-%C3%AEn-partidul-lui-ilan-laufer/30423925.html |access-date=2024-07-23 |work=Europa Liberă România |language=ro}}</ref> He joined the [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] and was elected in the [[General Council of Bucharest]] in 2020, but he resigned shortly afterwards.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Andrei |first=Cristian |date=2020-10-08 |title=Petre Roman se retrage din Consiliul General, PSD face curățenie în lista lui Firea |url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/petre-roman-se-retrage-psd-face-cur%C4%83%C8%9Benie-%C3%AEn-lista-lui-firea/30882116.html |access-date=2024-07-23 |work=Europa Liberă România |language=ro}}</ref>
-In 2022, Petre Roman [[Romanian diaspora|emigrated]] to Switzerland, in order to become the President of the [[List of universities in Switzerland|Swiss UMEF (university of applied sciences institute)]].<ref>https://www.unica.ro/vedete/petre-roman-pleaca-din-romania-416518</ref><ref>https://www.b1tv.ro/politica/petre-roman-ales-presedinte-la-o-universitate-din-elvetia-ce-a-spus-fostul-premier-despre-o-posibila-mutare-din-romania-1120874.html</ref><ref>https://www.capital.ro/momente-cumplite-pentru-petre-roman-ce-s-a-intamplat-inainte-sa-moara-mioara-roman.html</ref><ref>https://www.viva.ro/vedete-si-evenimente/petre-roman-se-muta-din-romania-2826343</ref>
+In 2022, Petre Roman [[Romanian diaspora|emigrated]] to Switzerland, in order to become the president of the [[List of universities in Switzerland|Swiss UMEF (university of applied sciences institute)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bianca |first=Prangate |date=2022-02-14 |title=Motivul pentru care Petre Roman pleacă din România împreună cu Silvia Chifiriuc: "Scapă de mizeria de aici" |url=https://www.unica.ro/vedete/petre-roman-pleaca-din-romania-416518 |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=Unica.ro |language=ro-RO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Elena |first=Anghelina |date=2022-02-16 |title=Petre Roman, ales președinte la o universitate din Elveția. Ce a spus fostul premier despre o posibilă mutare din România |url=https://www.b1tv.ro/politica/petre-roman-ales-presedinte-la-o-universitate-din-elvetia-ce-a-spus-fostul-premier-despre-o-posibila-mutare-din-romania-1120874.html |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=B1TV.ro |language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chiriac |first=Corina |date=2024-02-26 |title=Momente cumplite pentru Petre Roman. Ce s-a întâmplat înainte să moară Mioara Roman |url=https://www.capital.ro/momente-cumplite-pentru-petre-roman-ce-s-a-intamplat-inainte-sa-moara-mioara-roman.html |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=Capital |language=Romanian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Laura |first=Dumitrache |date=2022-02-15 |title=Petre Roman se mută din România: "Scapă de țara asta de doi bani" |url=https://www.viva.ro/vedete-si-evenimente/petre-roman-se-muta-din-romania-2826343 |access-date=2024-07-23 |website=Viva.ro |language=ro}}</ref>
 ==Background==
-Petre Roman was born in [[Bucharest]]. His father, [[Valter Roman]], born Ernst or Ernő Neuländer of [[Transylvania]]n [[Hungarian-Jewish]] descent,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/27/world/upheaval-in-the-east-leadership-an-aristocrat-among-the-revolutionaries.html|title=Upheaval in the East: Leadership; An Aristocrat Among the Revolutionaries (Published 1989)|first1=David|last1=Binder|first2=Special To the New York|last2=Times|date=27 December 1989|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>Juviler, P. (1999) Fantasies of Salvation: Democracy, Nationalism, and Myth in Post-Communist Europe by Vladimir Tismaneanu. Political Science Quarterly 114 (2) p.345–346.</ref> was a veteran of the [[Spanish Civil War]], a [[Comintern]] activist, and a prominent member of the [[Romanian Communist Party]] (PCR). His mother Hortensia Vallejo was a [[Spaniard]] exiled who would become director of the Spanish section of Radio Romania International.<ref>P.Roman "Libertatea ca datorie"</ref> The couple married in [[Moscow]], and he has several siblings. In 1974 Roman married Mioara Georgescu, with whom he has a daughter, Oana. In February 2007, husband and wife confirmed that they were divorcing; the divorce was made final on [[Good Friday]], 6 April 2007. In June 2009, he married a pregnant Silvia Chifiriuc (who is 26 years his junior) in a [[Romanian Orthodox Church|Romanian Orthodox]] wedding.<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.mediafax.ro/life-inedit/petre-roman-s-a-cununat-religios-cu-silvia-chifiriuc.html?4728;4495709 "Petre Roman s-a cununat religios cu Silvia Chifiriuc" ("Petre Roman Has Religious Wedding with Silvia Chifiriuc")], Mediafax, 6 June 2009; accessed 6 June 2009</ref>
+Petre Roman was born in [[Bucharest]]. His father, [[Valter Roman]], born Ernst or Ernő Neuländer of [[Transylvania]]n [[Hungarian-Jewish]] descent,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/27/world/upheaval-in-the-east-leadership-an-aristocrat-among-the-revolutionaries.html|title=Upheaval in the East: Leadership; An Aristocrat Among the Revolutionaries|first1=David|last1=Binder|date=27 December 1989|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>Juviler, P. (1999) "Fantasies of Salvation: Democracy, Nationalism, and Myth in Post-Communist Europe by Vladimir Tismaneanu". ''Political Science Quarterly'' 114 (2) p.345–346.</ref> was a veteran of the [[Spanish Civil War]], a [[Comintern]] activist, and a prominent member of the [[Romanian Communist Party]] (PCR). His mother Hortensia Vallejo was a Spaniard exiled who would become director of the Spanish section of Radio Romania International.<ref>P. Roman "Libertatea ca datorie"</ref> The couple married in Moscow, and he has several siblings.
-Roman first rose to prominence during the [[Romanian Revolution of 1989]], when he was among the crowd occupying the [[Romanian Television Company|National Television]] building, and broadcasting messages expressing revolutionary triumph. He became provisional prime minister after the overthrow of the Communist regime, and was confirmed in office in June 1990, three months after [[1990 Romanian general election|the country's first free election]] in 53 years.
+Roman attended the [[Tudor Vianu National College of Computer Science|Petru Groza High School]] in his native city.<ref name="Adevărul2003">{{cite news|url=https://adevarul.ro/politica/fiii-fostei-nomenclaturi-s-au-adunat-la-reuniunea-967004.html|title=Fiii fostei nomenclaturi s-au adunat la reuniunea de clasă|language=ro|newspaper=[[Adevărul]]|date=August 23, 2003|access-date=August 16, 2024}}</ref> He first rose to prominence during the [[Romanian Revolution]] of 1989, when he was among the crowd occupying the [[Romanian Television Company|National Television]] building, and broadcasting messages expressing revolutionary triumph. He became provisional prime minister after the overthrow of the Communist regime, and was confirmed in office in June 1990, three months after [[1990 Romanian general election|the country's first free election]] in 53 years.
+In 1974 Roman married Mioara Georgescu, with whom he has a daughter, Oana. In February 2007, husband and wife confirmed that they were divorcing; the divorce was made final on [[Good Friday]], 6 April 2007. In June 2009, he married a pregnant Silvia Chifiriuc (who is 26 years his junior) in a [[Romanian Orthodox Church|Romanian Orthodox]] wedding.<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.mediafax.ro/life-inedit/petre-roman-s-a-cununat-religios-cu-silvia-chifiriuc.html?4728;4495709 "Petre Roman s-a cununat religios cu Silvia Chifiriuc" ("Petre Roman Has Religious Wedding with Silvia Chifiriuc")], Mediafax, 6 June 2009; accessed 6 June 2009</ref>
 == During the Romanian Revolution ==
 [[File:Revolutia Bucuresti 1989 019.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Petre Roman speaking to the crowd in Bucharest in late December 1989, during the [[Romanian Revolution]].]]
-Petre Roman was heavily involved in the [[Romanian Revolution]] of 1989 as a member of the [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]] (FSN), both as a revolutionary and as a leading political figure. Given that the revolution was led by politicians united not by a cohesive ideology, but by resentment towards the [[Nicolae Ceaușescu|Ceaușescu regime]], in-fighting soon began, especially between its leaders, namely, [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] [[liberalism|liberal]] [[Dumitru Mazilu]], who wished to instill [[capitalism]], and [[Communism|neo-communist]] [[Ion Iliescu]], who wanted to keep communism/hard line socialism, but remove Ceaușescu.
+Petre Roman was heavily involved in the Romanian Revolution of December 1989 as a member of the [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|National Salvation Front]] (FSN), both as a revolutionary and as a leading political figure. Given that the revolution was led by politicians united not by a cohesive ideology, but by resentment towards the [[Nicolae Ceaușescu|Ceaușescu regime]], in-fighting soon began, especially between its leaders, namely, [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] [[liberalism|liberal]] [[Dumitru Mazilu]], who wished to instill [[capitalism]], and [[Communism|neo-communist]] [[Ion Iliescu]], who wanted to keep communism/hard line socialism, but remove Ceaușescu.
 As a [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] [[socialism|socialist]], Petre Roman was largely the middle ground between the world-views of his colleagues, as he wanted to replace the Marxist view of socialism as a transitory stage with a more democratic understanding of [[socialism]].
 === Revolutionary activity ===
+Petre Roman participated directly in the Romanian Revolution, forming a barricade in the centre of Bucharest from the days of 21 and 22 December. On 22 December 1989, Petre Roman spoke from the balcony of the headquarters of the Central Committee against the Ceaușescu regime, the first public demonstration of its kind.
-Petre Roman participated directly in the Romanian Revolution forming a barricade in the centre of Bucharest from the days of 21 and 22 December. On 22 December 1989, Petre Roman spoke from the balcony of the headquarters of the Central Committee against the Ceaușescu regime, the first public demonstration of its kind.
 On 22 December, he became a member of the [[List of members of the National Salvation Front Council|Provisional Council of the National Salvation Front]] (CPFSN) established for the coordination of the revolutionary process and the establishment of democracy once the revolution had concluded.
-=== Prime Minister ===
+=== Prime minister ===
 [[File:CFSN Revolution Roumaine.jpg|thumb|left|180px|alt=Three men are walking side-by-side holding papers. The first two are wearing a suit and the third is wearing a red sweater. The first man is smiling and flashing a V sign.|Roman (right) with [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|FSN]] members [[Ion Iliescu]] (centre) and [[Dumitru Mazilu]] (left) on 23 December 1989, one day after the formation of the FSN.]]
-On 26 December 1989, Roman was appointed as the [[Acting (law)|acting]]/[[ad interim]] [[Prime Minister of Romania|Prime Minister]] of the provisional [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|FSN]] government. At the [[1990 Romanian general election|20 May 1990 elections]]–the first free elections held in the country in 53 years and colloquially known as the ''"Blindman's Sunday"'' ({{lang-ro|Duminica orbului}})–he was elected as a deputy from [[Bucharest]] on the FSN list.
+On 26 December 1989, Roman was appointed as the [[Acting (law)|acting]]/[[ad interim]] [[Prime Minister of Romania|Prime Minister]] of the provisional [[National Salvation Front (Romania)|FSN]] government. At the [[1990 Romanian general election|20 May 1990 elections]]–the first free elections held in the country in 53 years and colloquially known as the ''"Blindman's Sunday"'' ({{langx|ro|Duminica orbului}})–he was elected as a deputy from [[Bucharest]] on the FSN list.
-Shortly afterwards, then [[President of Romania|President]] Iliescu designated him once more as [[Prime Minister of Romania|Prime Minister]] on 20 June 1990. He was formally confirmed in office by the newly elected legislature of the [[Parliament of Romania|parliament]] on 28 June 1990 and his governing program was subsequently approved unanimously. He was the head of government of three cabinets between 1989 and 1991, as follows: [[First Roman cabinet|Roman I cabinet]], [[Second Roman cabinet|Roman II cabinet]], and [[Third Roman cabinet|Roman III cabinet]]. He was succeeded by [[Theodor Stolojan]] in October 1991, after the September 1991 Mineriad.
+Shortly afterwards, then [[President of Romania|president]] Iliescu designated him once more as [[Prime Minister of Romania|prime minister]] on 20 June 1990. He was formally confirmed in office by the newly elected legislature of the [[Parliament of Romania|parliament]] on 28 June 1990 and his governing program was subsequently approved unanimously. He was the head of government of three cabinets between 1989 and 1991, as follows: [[First Roman cabinet|Roman I cabinet]], [[Second Roman cabinet|Roman II cabinet]], and [[Third Roman cabinet|Roman III cabinet]]. He was succeeded by [[Theodor Stolojan]] in October 1991, after the September 1991 Mineriad.
 ==Electoral history==
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-[[Category:Romanian Communist Party politicians]]
+[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit (Portugal)]]
+[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Star of Romania]]

v t e Prime Ministers of Romania
List of heads of government of Romania
United Principalities	B. Catargiu Arsache N. Crețulescu Kogălniceanu Bosianu N. Crețulescu I. Ghica L. Catargiu I. Ghica C. Crețulescu Ș. Golescu N. Golescu D. Ghica A. Golescu Epureanu I. Ghica L. Catargiu Florescu Epureanu Ion C. Brătianu
Kingdom of Romania	Ion C. Brătianu D. Brătianu Ion C. Brătianu Rosetti L. Catargiu Manu Florescu L. Catargiu Sturdza Aurelian Sturdza Cantacuzino Carp Sturdza Cantacuzino Sturdza Ion I. C. Brătianu Carp Maiorescu Ion I. C. Brătianu Averescu Marghiloman Coandă Ion I. C. Brătianu Văitoianu Vaida-Voevod Averescu Ionescu Ion I. C. Brătianu Averescu Știrbey Ion I. C. Brătianu V. Brătianu Maniu Mironescu Maniu Mironescu Iorga Vaida-Voevod Maniu Vaida-Voevod Duca Angelescu Tătărescu Goga Cristea Călinescu Argeșanu Argetoianu Tătărescu Gigurtu Antonescu Sănătescu Rădescu Groza
R.P.R.—R.S.R.	Groza Gheorghiu-Dej Stoica Maurer Mănescu Verdeț Dăscălescu
Romania since 1989	Roman Stolojan Văcăroiu Ciorbea Dejeu Vasile Athanasiu Isărescu Năstase Bejinariu Popescu-Tăriceanu Boc Predoiu Ungureanu Ponta Oprea Ponta Oprea Ponta Cîmpeanu Cioloș Grindeanu Tudose Fifor Dăncilă Orban Ciucă Cîțu Ciucă Predoiu Ciolacu
Italics indicate ad interim/acting office holders. Bold indicates current office holder.

v t e Foreign Ministers of Romania
United Principalities Principality of Romania	Arsache Cantacuzino I. G. Ghica Rosetti-Bălănescu Papadopol-Calimah I. Ghica Mavrogheni Știrbei Ș. Golescu Teriachiu Ș. Golescu N. Golescu D. Ghica Kogălniceanu* Calimachi-Catargiu A. Golescu Carp Calimachi-Catargiu Costa-Foru Boerescu Ion Bălăceanu Cornea Kogălniceanu Ionescu Câmpineanu* Kogălniceanu Câmpineanu Boerescu
Kingdom of Romania	Boerescu D. Brătianu Stătescu Sturdza Câmpineanu Ion C. Brătianu* Pherekyde Carp A. Lahovary Esarcu A. Lahovary Sturdza Stoicescu Aurelian* Sturdza Ioan Lahovary Marghiloman Sturdza Ion I. C. Brătianu Sturdza* Iacob Lahovary Ioan Lahovary Sturdza Ion I. C. Brătianu Djuvara Maiorescu Porumbaru Ion I. C. Brătianu Averescu* Arion Coandă Ion I. C. Brătianu Văitoianu* Mișu Vaida-Voevod Zamfirescu Ionescu Derussi Duca Mitilineu Știrbey* Ion I. C. Brătianu Titulescu Mironescu Mihalache Argetoianu* D. Ghika Vaida-Voevod Titulescu Tătărescu* Titulescu V. Antonescu Micescu Tătărescu* Petrescu-Comnen Gafencu Gigurtu Argetoianu Manoilescu M. Sturdza I. Antonescu* M. Antonescu Niculescu-Buzești Vișoianu Tătărescu
Socialist Republic of Romania	Pauker Bughici Preoteasa Maurer Bunaciu Mănescu Macovescu Andrei Văduva Totu Stoian
Romania since 1989	Celac Năstase Meleșcanu Severin Pleșu Roman Geoană Ungureanu Popescu-Tăriceanu* Cioroianu Comănescu Diaconescu Predoiu* Baconschi Diaconescu Marga Corlățean Meleșcanu Aurescu Comănescu Meleșcanu Mănescu Aurescu Obdobescu
* denotes interim

v t e First Petre Roman cabinet (26 December 1989 – 28 June 1990)
Prime Minister	Petre Roman
Deputy Prime Ministers	Gelu Voican Voiculescu Mihai Drăgănescu Ion Aurel Stoica Anton Vătăşescu
Ministers of State	Petru Pepelea Mihail Victor Buracu Costică Bădescu Ovidiu Adrian Moţiu
Ministers	Teofil Pop (Justice) Nicolae Militaru/Victor Stănculescu (Defense) Andrei Pleșu (Culture) Nicolae Ştefan (Agriculture and Food Industry) Sergiu Celac (Foreign Affairs) Mihai Chițac/Doru-Viorel Ursu (Interior) Mihai Şora (Education) Simion Hâncu (Environment) Alexandru Dimitriu (Constructions) Mihnea Marmeliuc (Labor) Corneliu Burada (Transport) Dan Enăchescu (Health) Stelian Pintilie (Posts and Telecommunications) Victor Stănculescu (National Economy) Adrian Georgescu (Electric Energy) Gheorghe Caranfil (Chemical and Petrochemical Industry) Anton Vătăşescu (Electrotechnics, Electronics and Informatics) Victor Murea (Oil Industry) Ioan Cheşa (Metallurgical Industry) Constantin Popescu (Light Industry) Ioan Aurel Stoica (Motor Industry) Ioan Folea (Geology) Nicolae Dicu (Mines) Ion Râmbu (Woodworking Industry) Nicolae M. Nicolae (Foreign Trade) Mihail Lupoi (Tourism) Nicolae Stoicescu (Religious Affairs) Mircea Angelescu (Sports)

v t e Second Petre Roman cabinet (28 June 1990–30 April 1991)
Prime Minister	Petre Roman
Minister of State	Anton Vătăşescu (Co-ordinating Industrial and Commercial Activity) Eugen Dijmărescu (Co-ordinating Economic Orientation) Ion Aurel Stoica/Dan Mircea Popescu (Co-ordinating Quality of Life)
Ministers	Victor Babiuc (Justice) Theodor Stolojan (Finance) Victor Athanasie Stănculescu (Defense) Andrei Pleșu (Culture and Arts) Ioan Ţipu (Agriculture) Adrian Năstase (Foreign Affairs) Eugen Dijmărescu (Economy) Doru Pană (Public Works) Doru-Viorel Ursu (Interior) Gheorghe Ştefan (Education) Valeriu Eugen Pop (Environment) Cătălin Zamfir (Labor) Traian Băsescu (Transport) Bogdan Marinescu (Health) Andrei Chirică (Communication) Mihai Zisu (Resources and Industry) Constantin Fota (Commerce and Tourism) Bogdan Niculescu-Duvăz (Youth and Sport)
FSN minister Independent minister