Duguay-Trouin-class cruiser: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox |
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|Ship image= |
|Ship image=Lamotte-Piquet-h81987.jpg |
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|Ship caption= |
|Ship caption={{ship|French cruiser|Lamotte-Picquet||2}} at Shanghai, 1939 |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox ship class overview |
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|Name=Duguay-Trouin |
|Name=''Duguay-Trouin'' class |
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|Builders= |
|Builders= |
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|Operators= |
|Operators={{navy|France}} |
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|Class before= |
|Class before=* {{sclass|La Motte-Picquet|cruiser|4}} (Planned) |
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* None (actual) |
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|Class after= |
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|Class after={{ship|French cruiser|Jeanne d'Arc|1930|2}} |
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|Subclasses= |
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|Cost= |
|Cost= |
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|Built range= |
|Built range=1922–1927 |
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|In service range= |
|In service range=1926–1952 |
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|In commission range= |
|In commission range=1926–1952 |
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|Total ships building= |
|Total ships building= |
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|Total ships planned= |
|Total ships planned= |
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|Total ships completed=3 |
|Total ships completed=3 |
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|Total ships cancelled= |
|Total ships cancelled= |
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|Total ships |
|Total ships lost=2 |
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|Total ships |
|Total ships retired=1 |
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|Total ships lost=''Primauguet'' |
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|Total ships retired= |
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|Total ships preserved= |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox ship characteristics |
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|Hide header= |
|Hide header= |
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|Header caption= |
|Header caption= |
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|Ship |
|Ship type=[[Light cruiser]] |
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|Ship type=[[light cruiser]] |
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|Ship tonnage= |
|Ship tonnage= |
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|Ship displacement=7,249 tons (7,365 t) (standard) |
|Ship displacement=*7,249 tons (7,365 t) (standard) |
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*9,350 tons (9,500 t) (full load) |
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|Ship length={{convert|181.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}} overall |
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|Ship tons burthen= |
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|Ship beam={{convert|17.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship length=181.30 m (595 ft) overall |
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|Ship beam=17.50 m (56.5 ft) |
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|Ship height= |
|Ship height= |
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|Ship draught= |
|Ship draught={{convert|5.2|m|ftin}} |
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|Ship power=*8 Guyot du Temple [[three-drum boilers]] |
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|Ship draft= |
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*{{cvt|100,000|shp|lk=on}} |
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|Ship depth= |
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|Ship propulsion=4 shafts; geared [[steam turbine]]s; |
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|Ship hold depth= |
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|Ship speed={{convert|30|kn|lk=in}} |
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|Ship decks= |
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|Ship range={{cvt|3000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|15|kn}} |
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|Ship deck clearance= |
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|Ship ramps= |
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|Ship ice class= |
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|Ship power= |
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|Ship propulsion=4-shaft [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] single-reduction geared [[turbine]]s; 8 [[Guyot]] boilers; 102,000 [[Horsepower#Shaft horsepower|shp]] |
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|Ship sail plan= |
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|Ship speed={{convert|33|kn|km/h|0}} |
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|Ship range={{convert|3000|nmi|km|-3}} at {{convert|15|kn|km/h|0}} |
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|Ship endurance= |
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|Ship test depth= |
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|Ship boats= |
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|Ship capacity= |
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|Ship troops= |
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|Ship complement=27 officers, 551 sailors |
|Ship complement=27 officers, 551 sailors |
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|Ship armament=* 8 × [[Canon de 155 mm Modèle 1920|{{convert|155|mm|in|abbr=on}}/50 guns]] (4 × 2) |
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|Ship crew= |
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* 4 × [[Canon de 75 mm modèle 1924|{{convert|75|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} anti-aircraft guns]] (4 × 1) |
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|Ship time to activate= |
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* 12 × {{convert|550|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s (4 × 3) |
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|Ship sensors= |
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|Ship armour=* [[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|20|mm|in|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship EW= |
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* [[Magazine (artillery)#Naval magazines|Magazine box]]: {{convert|30|mm|in|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship armament=8 × 155 mm (6.1in) (4 × 2)<br>4 × 75 mm anti-aircraft (4 × 1)<br>12 × 550 mm torpedo tubes (4 × 3) |
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* [[Gun turret#Warships|Turrets]] and [[conning tower]]: {{convert|30|mm|in|abbr=on}} |
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|Ship armour=deck: 20 millimetres<br>magazine box 30 millimetres<br>turrets and tower: 30 millimetres. |
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|Ship armor= |
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|Ship aircraft=2 [[Gourdou-Leseurre GL-812]], later [[GL-832]], later 1 [[Loire |
|Ship aircraft=*2 [[Gourdou-Leseurre GL-812]], later [[GL-832]], later 1 [[Loire 130]] |
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*1 [[Aircraft catapult#Interwar and World War II|catapult]] |
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|Ship aircraft facilities= |
|Ship aircraft facilities= |
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|Ship notes= |
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|Ship notes=Ships in class include: [[French cruiser Duguay-Trouin|''Duguay-Trouin'']], [[French cruiser Lamotte-Piquet|''Lamotte-Piquet'']], [[French cruiser Primauguet (1924)|''Primauguet'']] (lost 8 November 1942) |
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The '''''Duguay-Trouin'' class''' ({{IPA|fr|dyɡɛ tʁuɛ̃}}) were the first major French warships built after [[World War I]]. They were excellent steamers and proved successful and seaworthy over a quarter century of service. All three achieved {{convert|33|kn}} on trials and could easily maintain {{convert|30|kn}} in service. Twenty-year-old ''Duguay-Trouin'' could still maintain {{convert|27.7|kn}} at her post-war displacement of 10,900 tons.<ref name=hlm>le Masson, pp. 89–90</ref> They were fast and economical, although with a limited range.<ref name=mjw>Whitley, pp. 27–29</ref> The fate of these three ships after the [[Battle of France#Aftermath|French surrender]] illustrates the [[dichotomy]] within the French armed forces at the time: one ship was interned, then joined the [[Free French]], another twice resisted [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] bombardment and was destroyed, and the third was disarmed at a French colonial port and subsequently sunk. |
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The three '''Duguay-Trouin class''' [[light cruisers]] were built for France in the early 1920s. |
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The fate of these three ships after the [[Battle of France#Aftermath|French surrender]] illustrates the [[dichotomy]] within the French armed forces at the time: one ship was interned, then joined the [[Free French]], another twice resisted Allied bombardment and was destroyed, and the third was disarmed at a French colonial port and subsequently sunk. |
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==The ships== |
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* [[French cruiser Duguay-Trouin|''Duguay-Trouin'']] (decommissioned 9 March 1952). |
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* [[French cruiser La Motte-Picquet|''La Motte-Picquet'']] (disarmed December, 1941). |
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* [[French cruiser Primauguet (1924)|''Primauguet'']] (lost 8 November 1942). |
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==Design== |
==Design== |
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The design of this class was the result of a protracted process that had started in mid-1919, with the Italians as likely adversaries. A detailed design (Project 171) had been completed by the end of 1919, but there were significant reservations within the Navy and the Chief of the General Staff withdrew them in February 1920. While discussion continued, there were opportunities to compare with newly |
The design of this class was the result of a protracted process that had started in mid-1919, with the Italians as likely adversaries. A detailed design (Project 171) had been completed by the end of 1919, but there were significant reservations within the Navy and the Chief of the General Staff withdrew them in February 1920. While discussion continued, there were opportunities to compare with newly commissioned cruisers of other navies. The foreign designs were indeed superior, particularly armament.<ref name=mjw/> |
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At the end of 1920, after having examined copies of the plans for the U.S. |
At the end of 1920, after having examined copies of the plans for the U.S. {{sclass|Omaha|cruiser|4}}, four designs had been drafted. All four used hulls based on the ''Omaha''{{'}}s, with eight newly designed {{convert|155|mm|in|abbr=on}} and four {{convert|75|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} anti-aircraft guns and twelve torpedo tubes. The differences lay in the combinations of power and protection.<ref name=mjw/> |
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Design C was selected and detailed work started. The new class would achieve {{convert|34|kn |
Design C was selected and detailed work started. The new class would achieve {{convert|34|kn}}, using oil firing and single-reduction geared turbines. The main armament would be a new breech-loading M1920 gun of 155 mm calibre with a range of {{convert|26,100|m|yd}}.<ref name=mjw/> The calibre was selected to use the same 155 mm shells manufactured for the Army.<ref name=hlm/> In action, this weapon proved to be slow to operate. The 75 mm anti-aircraft battery was of the M1922 type.<ref name=mjw/> |
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The ships were lightly armored with barely splinter-proof gun shields, but extensive [[watertight subdivision]] included sixteen transverse bulkheads, with a double hull around the engineering spaces.<ref name=hlm/> Orders were placed during 1922 on this basis, despite determined efforts to "improve" the design. After completion, single catapults were installed on the quarter-decks of each ship, initially with two [[Gourdou-Leseurre GL-812 HY]] seaplanes, later the [[Gourdou-Leseurre GL-832 HY|GL-832]]. ''Duguay-Trouin'' and ''Primauguet'' were subsequently equipped with a single [[Loire 130]] in the 1930s.<ref name=mjw/> |
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Orders were placed during 1922 on this basis, despite determined efforts to "improve" the design. |
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==Ships in class== |
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None of the ships had their light armour truly tested by equivalent adversaries: ''Primauguet's'' destruction at [[Casablanca]] was at the hands of a greatly superior force. As intended, they were fast and economical, although with a limited range. |
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===''Duguay-Trouin''=== |
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{{ship|French cruiser|Duguay-Trouin|1923|2}} was completed 2 November 1926 and served briefly in [[French Indochina]] in 1931. She patrolled the [[Atlantic]] for German shipping and [[commerce raider]]s following declaration of [[World War II]] hostilities. She patrolled the [[Mediterranean Sea]] from May 1940, and was at [[Alexandria]] with Force X when France surrendered. The ship was demilitarized at Alexandria for three years until refitted beginning in August 1943 by removal of torpedo tubes and augmentation of anti-aircraft armament by fifteen [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]] and six [[13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun]]s. Anti-aircraft armament was modified in 1944 to twenty 20 mm and six [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|Bofors 40 mm gun]]s, when [[radar]] was also added.<ref name=mjw/> ''Duguay-Trouin'' returned to the Mediterranean to support [[Operation Dragoon]] and Flank Force bombardment of German positions in Italy.<ref>Auphan & Mordal, pp. 332, 347</ref> She returned to French Indochina for post-war operations against the [[Viet Minh]] until scrapped 29 March 1952.<ref name=mjw/> |
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===''Lamotte-Picquet''=== |
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==Modifications== |
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{{ship|French cruiser|Lamotte-Picquet||2}} was completed 5 March 1927 and deployed to French Indochina in 1935.<ref name=mjw/> She was Admiral [[Jean Decoux]]'s [[flagship]] of French Naval Forces, Far East, during the 17 January 1941 [[Battle of Ko Chang]] against the [[Thailand|Thai]] fleet. She was decommissioned at [[Saigon]] in 1942 where she served as a [[barracks ship]] until sunk by United States [[Task Force 58]] aircraft on 12 January 1945.<ref>Auphan & Mordal, pp. 22, 195, 357</ref> |
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After completion, single catapults were installed on the quarter-decks of each ship, initially with 2 Gourdou-Leseurre GL-812 flying-boats, later the GL-832. The ''Duguay-Trouin'' and ''Primauguet'' were subsequently equipped with a single Loire-Nieuport 130 in the 1930s. |
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===''Primauguet''=== |
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{{ship|French cruiser|Primauguet|1924|2}} was completed 1 April 1927 and deployed to French Indochina from 1932 until declaration of World War II hostilities in September 1939.<ref name=mjw/> She then conducted Atlantic patrols, and evacuated French gold to North Africa. She recaptured the freighter ''Fort de France'' which had been seized by the [[Royal Navy]] en route from [[Martinique]] to France. In 1942, ''Primauguet'' had her anti-aircraft battery increased by two [[25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun]]s and twenty 13.2 mm machine guns. She was sunk by the battleship [[USS Massachusetts (BB-59)|USS ''Massachusetts'']] and the cruiser [[USS Wichita (CA-45)|USS ''Wichita'']] on 8 November 1942 during the [[Naval Battle of Casablanca]].<ref>Auphan & Mordal, pp. 93, 176, 232–234</ref> |
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==Notes== |
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Once back with the Allies, ''Duguay-Trouin'' had her torpedo tubes and aircraft installations removed in 1943 and her AA weaponry was augmented in 1943 and again in 1944, when [[radar]] was also added. |
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{{reflist}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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| last1 = Auphan |
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| first1 = Paul |
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| last2 = Mordal |
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| first2 = Jacques |
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|name-list-style=amp |
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| title = The French Navy in World War II |
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| publisher = Greenwood Press |
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| date = 1959 |
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| location = Westport, Connecticut |
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}} |
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*{{cite journal|last1=Guiglini|first1=Jean|last2=Moreau|first2=Albert|title=French Light Cruisers: The First Light Cruisers of the 1922 Naval Program, Part 1|journal=Warship International|date=2001|volume=XXXVIII|issue=3 |pages=269–299 |issn=0043-0374|name-list-style=amp}} |
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*{{cite journal |last1=Guiglini |first1=Jean|last2=Moreau|first2=Albert |title=French Light Cruisers: The First Light Cruisers of the 1922 Naval Program, Part 2|journal=Warship International|date=2001|volume=XXXVIII|issue=4 |pages=355–390 |issn=0043-0374|name-list-style=amp}} |
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*{{cite book|last1=Jordan|first1=John|last2=Moulin|first2=Jean|title=French Cruisers 1922–1956 |year=2013|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-133-5 |name-list-style=amp}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last = le Masson |
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| first = Henri |
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| title = Navies of the Second World War: The French Navy 1 |
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| publisher = Doubleday & Company |
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| date = 1969 |
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| location = Garden City, New York |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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| last = Whitley |
| last = Whitley |
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| first = M J |
| first = M. J. |
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| author-link = Michael J. Whitley |
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| authorlink = |
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| title = Cruisers of World War II: An International Encyclopedia |
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| coauthors = |
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| title = Cruisers of World War II - An International Encyclopedia |
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| publisher = Arms and Armour Press |
| publisher = Arms and Armour Press |
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| date = 1995 |
| date = 1995 |
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| location = London |
| location = London |
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| pages = 27–29 |
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| url = |
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| doi = |
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| isbn = 1-85409-225-1 }} |
| isbn = 1-85409-225-1 }} |
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{{commons category|Duguay-Trouin class cruiser}} |
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{{Duguay-Trouin class cruisers}} |
{{Duguay-Trouin class cruisers}} |
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{{WWII French ships}} |
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{{WWIIFrenchShips}} |
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[[Category:Cruiser classes]] |
[[Category:Cruiser classes]] |
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[[Category:Duguay-Trouin |
[[Category:Duguay-Trouin-class cruisers| ]] |
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[[Category:Ship classes of the French Navy]] |
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[[cs:Třída Duguay-Trouin]] |
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[[fr:Classe Duguay-Trouin]] |
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[[it:Classe Duguay-Trouin]] |
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[[ja:デュゲイ・トルーアン級軽巡洋艦]] |
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[[ru:Лёгкие крейсера типа «Дюгэ Труэн»]] |
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[[fi:Duguay-Trouin-luokka]] |
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[[vi:Duguay-Trouin (lớp tàu tuần dương)]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:08, 3 January 2025
 Lamotte-Picquet at Shanghai, 1939
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Duguay-Trouin class |
| Operators |  French Navy |
| Preceded by |
|
| Succeeded by | Jeanne d'Arc |
| Built | 1922–1927 |
| In service | 1926–1952 |
| In commission | 1926–1952 |
| Completed | 3 |
| Lost | 2 |
| Retired | 1 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Light cruiser |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 181.30 m (594 ft 10 in) overall |
| Beam | 17.50 m (57 ft 5 in) |
| Draught | 5.2 metres (17 ft 1 in) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion | 4 shafts; geared steam turbines; |
| Speed | 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) |
| Range | 3,000 nmi (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) |
| Complement | 27 officers, 551 sailors |
| Armament |
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| Armour |
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| Aircraft carried |
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The Duguay-Trouin class (French pronunciation: [dyɡɛ tʁuɛ̃]) were the first major French warships built after World War I. They were excellent steamers and proved successful and seaworthy over a quarter century of service. All three achieved 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph) on trials and could easily maintain 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) in service. Twenty-year-old Duguay-Trouin could still maintain 27.7 knots (51.3 km/h; 31.9 mph) at her post-war displacement of 10,900 tons.[1] They were fast and economical, although with a limited range.[2] The fate of these three ships after the French surrender illustrates the dichotomy within the French armed forces at the time: one ship was interned, then joined the Free French, another twice resisted Allied bombardment and was destroyed, and the third was disarmed at a French colonial port and subsequently sunk.
Design
[edit]The design of this class was the result of a protracted process that had started in mid-1919, with the Italians as likely adversaries. A detailed design (Project 171) had been completed by the end of 1919, but there were significant reservations within the Navy and the Chief of the General Staff withdrew them in February 1920. While discussion continued, there were opportunities to compare with newly commissioned cruisers of other navies. The foreign designs were indeed superior, particularly armament.[2]
At the end of 1920, after having examined copies of the plans for the U.S. Omaha class, four designs had been drafted. All four used hulls based on the Omaha's, with eight newly designed 155 mm (6.1 in) and four 75 mm (3 in) anti-aircraft guns and twelve torpedo tubes. The differences lay in the combinations of power and protection.[2]
Design C was selected and detailed work started. The new class would achieve 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph), using oil firing and single-reduction geared turbines. The main armament would be a new breech-loading M1920 gun of 155 mm calibre with a range of 26,100 metres (28,500 yd).[2] The calibre was selected to use the same 155 mm shells manufactured for the Army.[1] In action, this weapon proved to be slow to operate. The 75 mm anti-aircraft battery was of the M1922 type.[2]
The ships were lightly armored with barely splinter-proof gun shields, but extensive watertight subdivision included sixteen transverse bulkheads, with a double hull around the engineering spaces.[1] Orders were placed during 1922 on this basis, despite determined efforts to "improve" the design. After completion, single catapults were installed on the quarter-decks of each ship, initially with two Gourdou-Leseurre GL-812 HY seaplanes, later the GL-832. Duguay-Trouin and Primauguet were subsequently equipped with a single Loire 130 in the 1930s.[2]
Ships in class
[edit]Duguay-Trouin
[edit]Duguay-Trouin was completed 2 November 1926 and served briefly in French Indochina in 1931. She patrolled the Atlantic for German shipping and commerce raiders following declaration of World War II hostilities. She patrolled the Mediterranean Sea from May 1940, and was at Alexandria with Force X when France surrendered. The ship was demilitarized at Alexandria for three years until refitted beginning in August 1943 by removal of torpedo tubes and augmentation of anti-aircraft armament by fifteen Oerlikon 20 mm cannon and six 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine guns. Anti-aircraft armament was modified in 1944 to twenty 20 mm and six Bofors 40 mm guns, when radar was also added.[2] Duguay-Trouin returned to the Mediterranean to support Operation Dragoon and Flank Force bombardment of German positions in Italy.[3] She returned to French Indochina for post-war operations against the Viet Minh until scrapped 29 March 1952.[2]
Lamotte-Picquet
[edit]Lamotte-Picquet was completed 5 March 1927 and deployed to French Indochina in 1935.[2] She was Admiral Jean Decoux's flagship of French Naval Forces, Far East, during the 17 January 1941 Battle of Ko Chang against the Thai fleet. She was decommissioned at Saigon in 1942 where she served as a barracks ship until sunk by United States Task Force 58 aircraft on 12 January 1945.[4]
Primauguet
[edit]Primauguet was completed 1 April 1927 and deployed to French Indochina from 1932 until declaration of World War II hostilities in September 1939.[2] She then conducted Atlantic patrols, and evacuated French gold to North Africa. She recaptured the freighter Fort de France which had been seized by the Royal Navy en route from Martinique to France. In 1942, Primauguet had her anti-aircraft battery increased by two 25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft guns and twenty 13.2 mm machine guns. She was sunk by the battleship USS Massachusetts and the cruiser USS Wichita on 8 November 1942 during the Naval Battle of Casablanca.[5]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- Auphan, Paul & Mordal, Jacques (1959). The French Navy in World War II. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
- Guiglini, Jean & Moreau, Albert (2001). "French Light Cruisers: The First Light Cruisers of the 1922 Naval Program, Part 1". Warship International. XXXVIII (3): 269–299. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Guiglini, Jean & Moreau, Albert (2001). "French Light Cruisers: The First Light Cruisers of the 1922 Naval Program, Part 2". Warship International. XXXVIII (4): 355–390. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Jordan, John & Moulin, Jean (2013). French Cruisers 1922–1956. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-133-5.
- le Masson, Henri (1969). Navies of the Second World War: The French Navy 1. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company.
- Whitley, M. J. (1995). Cruisers of World War II: An International Encyclopedia. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-225-1.
