Jump to content

Duguay-Trouin-class cruiser: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→Primauguet: More detailed description plus links
IPA
 
(31 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:

{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:Lamotte-Piquet-h81987.jpg|300px|]]
|Ship image=Lamotte-Piquet-h81987.jpg
|Ship caption={{ship|French cruiser|Lamotte-Picquet||2}} at Shanghai, 1939
|Ship caption={{ship|French cruiser|Lamotte-Picquet||2}} at Shanghai, 1939
}}
}}
Line 9: Line 8:
|Builders=
|Builders=
|Operators={{navy|France}}
|Operators={{navy|France}}
|Class before=
|Class before=* {{sclass|La Motte-Picquet|cruiser|4}} (Planned)
* None (actual)
|Class after={{ship|French cruiser|Jeanne d'Arc|1930|2}}
|Class after={{ship|French cruiser|Jeanne d'Arc|1930|2}}
|Cost=
|Cost=
|Built range=1922-1927
|Built range=1922–1927
|In service range=1926-1952
|In service range=1926–1952
|In commission range=1926-1952
|In commission range=1926–1952
|Total ships building=
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships planned=
Line 29: Line 29:
|Ship displacement=*7,249 tons (7,365 t) (standard)
|Ship displacement=*7,249 tons (7,365 t) (standard)
*9,350 tons (9,500 t) (full load)
*9,350 tons (9,500 t) (full load)
⚫
|Ship length={{convert|181.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}} overall
|Ship tons burthen=
|Ship length={{convert|181.30|m|abbr=on}} overall
|Ship beam={{convert|17.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
⚫
|Ship beam={{convert|17.50|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{convert|5.2|m|ft}}
|Ship draught={{convert|5.2|m|ftin}}
|Ship power=
|Ship power=*8 Guyot du Temple [[three-drum boilers]]
*{{cvt|100,000|shp|lk=on}}
|Ship propulsion=4-shaft [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] single-reduction geared [[turbine]]s; 8 [[Guyot]] boilers; {{convert|100,000|shp|lk=in|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=4 shafts; geared [[steam turbine]]s;
|Ship speed={{convert|30|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship speed={{convert|30|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|3000|nmi}} at {{convert|15|kn}}
|Ship range={{cvt|3000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|15|kn}}
|Ship complement=27 officers, 551 sailors<ref name=hlm>le Masson, pp.89&90</ref>
|Ship complement=27 officers, 551 sailors
|Ship armament=* 8 × {{convert|155|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns (4 × 2)
|Ship armament=* 8 × [[Canon de 155 mm Modèle 1920|{{convert|155|mm|in|abbr=on}}/50 guns]] (4 × 2)
* 4 × {{convert|75|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} anti-aircraft guns (4 × 1)
* 4 × [[Canon de 75 mm modèle 1924|{{convert|75|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} anti-aircraft guns]] (4 × 1)
* 12 × {{convert|550|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s (4 × 3)
* 12 × {{convert|550|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s (4 × 3)
|Ship armour=* [[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|20|mm|in|abbr=on}}
|Ship armour=* [[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|20|mm|in|abbr=on}}
* [[Magazine (artillery)#Naval magazines|Magazine box]]: {{convert|30|mm|in|abbr=on}}
* [[Magazine (artillery)#Naval magazines|Magazine box]]: {{convert|30|mm|in|abbr=on}}
Line 47: Line 47:
|
|
|Ship aircraft=*2 [[Gourdou-Leseurre GL-812]], later [[GL-832]], later 1 [[Loire 130]]
|Ship aircraft=*2 [[Gourdou-Leseurre GL-812]], later [[GL-832]], later 1 [[Loire 130]]
*1 [[Aircraft catapult#Interwar and World War II|catapult]]
*1 catapult
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=<ref name=mjw>Whitley, pp. 27-29</ref>
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
|}
|}


The three '''''Duguay-Trouin''-class''' [[light cruisers]] were the first major French warships built after [[World War I]]. They were excellent steamers and proved successful and seaworthy over a quarter century of service. All three achieved {{convert|33|kn}} on trials and could easily maintain {{convert|30|kn}} in service. Twenty-year-old ''Duguay-Trouin'' could still maintain {{convert|27.7|kn}} at her post-war displacement of 10,900 tons.<ref name=hlm/> They were fast and economical, although with a limited range.<ref name=mjw/> The fate of these three ships after the [[Battle of France#Aftermath|French surrender]] illustrates the [[dichotomy]] within the French armed forces at the time: one ship was interned, then joined the [[Free French]], another twice resisted [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] bombardment and was destroyed, and the third was disarmed at a French colonial port and subsequently sunk.
The '''''Duguay-Trouin'' class''' ({{IPA|fr|dyɡɛ tʁuɛ̃}}) were the first major French warships built after [[World War I]]. They were excellent steamers and proved successful and seaworthy over a quarter century of service. All three achieved {{convert|33|kn}} on trials and could easily maintain {{convert|30|kn}} in service. Twenty-year-old ''Duguay-Trouin'' could still maintain {{convert|27.7|kn}} at her post-war displacement of 10,900 tons.<ref name=hlm>le Masson, pp. 89–90</ref> They were fast and economical, although with a limited range.<ref name=mjw>Whitley, pp. 27–29</ref> The fate of these three ships after the [[Battle of France#Aftermath|French surrender]] illustrates the [[dichotomy]] within the French armed forces at the time: one ship was interned, then joined the [[Free French]], another twice resisted [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] bombardment and was destroyed, and the third was disarmed at a French colonial port and subsequently sunk.


==Design==
==Design==
The design of this class was the result of a protracted process that had started in mid-1919, with the Italians as likely adversaries. A detailed design (Project 171) had been completed by the end of 1919, but there were significant reservations within the Navy and the Chief of the General Staff withdrew them in February 1920. While discussion continued, there were opportunities to compare with newly commissioned cruisers of other navies. The foreign designs were indeed superior, particularly armament.<ref name=mjw/>
The design of this class was the result of a protracted process that had started in mid-1919, with the Italians as likely adversaries. A detailed design (Project 171) had been completed by the end of 1919, but there were significant reservations within the Navy and the Chief of the General Staff withdrew them in February 1920. While discussion continued, there were opportunities to compare with newly commissioned cruisers of other navies. The foreign designs were indeed superior, particularly armament.<ref name=mjw/>


At the end of 1920, after having examined copies of the plans for the U.S. {{sclass-|Omaha|cruiser|4}}, four designs had been drafted. All four used hulls based on the ''Omaha''s, with eight newly designed {{convert|155|mm|in|abbr=on}} and four {{convert|75|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} anti-aircraft guns and twelve torpedo tubes. The differences lay in the combinations of power and protection.<ref name=mjw/>
At the end of 1920, after having examined copies of the plans for the U.S. {{sclass|Omaha|cruiser|4}}, four designs had been drafted. All four used hulls based on the ''Omaha''{{'}}s, with eight newly designed {{convert|155|mm|in|abbr=on}} and four {{convert|75|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} anti-aircraft guns and twelve torpedo tubes. The differences lay in the combinations of power and protection.<ref name=mjw/>


Design C was selected and detailed work started. The new class would achieve {{convert|34|kn}}, using oil firing and single-reduction geared turbines. The main armament would be a new breech-loading M1920 gun of 155 mm calibre with a range of {{convert|26,100|m|yd}}.<ref name=mjw/> The calibre was selected to use the same 155 mm shells manufactured for the Army.<ref name=hlm/> In action, this weapon proved to be slow to operate. The 75 mm anti-aircraft battery was of the M1922 type.<ref name=mjw/>
Design C was selected and detailed work started. The new class would achieve {{convert|34|kn}}, using oil firing and single-reduction geared turbines. The main armament would be a new breech-loading M1920 gun of 155 mm calibre with a range of {{convert|26,100|m|yd}}.<ref name=mjw/> The calibre was selected to use the same 155 mm shells manufactured for the Army.<ref name=hlm/> In action, this weapon proved to be slow to operate. The 75 mm anti-aircraft battery was of the M1922 type.<ref name=mjw/>


The ships were lightly armored with barely splinter-proof gun shields, but extensive [[watertight subdivision]] included sixteen transverse bulkheads, with a double hull around the engineering spaces.<ref name=hlm/> Orders were placed during 1922 on this basis, despite determined efforts to "improve" the design. After completion, single catapults were installed on the quarter-decks of each ship, initially with two [[Gourdou-Leseurre GL-812 HY]] flying-boats, later the [[Gourdou-Leseurre GL-832 HY|GL-832]]. ''Duguay-Trouin'' and ''Primauguet'' were subsequently equipped with a single [[Loire 130]] in the 1930s.<ref name=mjw/>
The ships were lightly armored with barely splinter-proof gun shields, but extensive [[watertight subdivision]] included sixteen transverse bulkheads, with a double hull around the engineering spaces.<ref name=hlm/> Orders were placed during 1922 on this basis, despite determined efforts to "improve" the design. After completion, single catapults were installed on the quarter-decks of each ship, initially with two [[Gourdou-Leseurre GL-812 HY]] seaplanes, later the [[Gourdou-Leseurre GL-832 HY|GL-832]]. ''Duguay-Trouin'' and ''Primauguet'' were subsequently equipped with a single [[Loire 130]] in the 1930s.<ref name=mjw/>


==Ships in classs==
==Ships in class==
===''Duguay-Trouin''===
===''Duguay-Trouin''===
{{ship|French cruiser|Duguay-Trouin||2}} was completed 2 November 1926 and served briefly in [[French Indochina]] in 1931. She patrolled the [[Atlantic]] for German shipping and [[commerce raider]]s following declaration of [[World War II]] hostilities. She patrolled the [[Mediterranean Sea]] from May 1940, and was at [[Alexandria]] with Force X when France surrendered. The ship was demilitarized at Alexandria for three years until refitted beginning in August 1943 by removal of torpedo tubes and augmentation of anti-aircraft armament by fifteen [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]] and six [[13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun]]s. Anti-aircraft armament was modified in 1944 to twenty 20 mm and six [[Bofors 40 mm gun]]s, when [[radar]] was also added.<ref name=mjw/> ''Duguay-Trouin'' returned to the Mediterranean to support [[Operation Dragoon]] and Flank Force bombardment of German positions in Italy.<ref>Auphan & Mordal, pp. 332, 347</ref> She returned to French Indochina for post-war operations against the [[Viet Minh]] until scrapped 29 March 1952.<ref name=mjw/>
{{ship|French cruiser|Duguay-Trouin|1923|2}} was completed 2 November 1926 and served briefly in [[French Indochina]] in 1931. She patrolled the [[Atlantic]] for German shipping and [[commerce raider]]s following declaration of [[World War II]] hostilities. She patrolled the [[Mediterranean Sea]] from May 1940, and was at [[Alexandria]] with Force X when France surrendered. The ship was demilitarized at Alexandria for three years until refitted beginning in August 1943 by removal of torpedo tubes and augmentation of anti-aircraft armament by fifteen [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]] and six [[13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun]]s. Anti-aircraft armament was modified in 1944 to twenty 20 mm and six [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|Bofors 40 mm gun]]s, when [[radar]] was also added.<ref name=mjw/> ''Duguay-Trouin'' returned to the Mediterranean to support [[Operation Dragoon]] and Flank Force bombardment of German positions in Italy.<ref>Auphan & Mordal, pp. 332, 347</ref> She returned to French Indochina for post-war operations against the [[Viet Minh]] until scrapped 29 March 1952.<ref name=mjw/>


===''Lamotte-Picquet''===
===''Lamotte-Picquet''===
Line 72: Line 72:


===''Primauguet''===
===''Primauguet''===
{{ship|French cruiser|Primauguet|1924|2}} was completed 1 April 1927 and deployed to French Indochina from 1932 until declaration of World War II hostilities in September 1939.<ref name=mjw/> She then conducted Atlantic patrols, and evacuated French gold to North Africa. She recaptured the freighter ''Fort de France'' which had been seized by the [[Royal Navy]] en route from [[Martinique]] to France. In 1942, ''Primauguet'' had her anti-aircraft battery increased by two [[25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun]]s and twenty 13.2 mm machine guns. She was sunk by the battleship [[USS Massachusetts (BB-59)|USS ''Massachusetts'']] and the cruiser [[USS Wichita (CA-45)|USS ''Wichita'']] on 8 November 1942 during the [[Naval Battle of Casablanca]].<ref>Auphan & Mordal, pp. 93, 176, 232-234</ref>
{{ship|French cruiser|Primauguet|1924|2}} was completed 1 April 1927 and deployed to French Indochina from 1932 until declaration of World War II hostilities in September 1939.<ref name=mjw/> She then conducted Atlantic patrols, and evacuated French gold to North Africa. She recaptured the freighter ''Fort de France'' which had been seized by the [[Royal Navy]] en route from [[Martinique]] to France. In 1942, ''Primauguet'' had her anti-aircraft battery increased by two [[25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun]]s and twenty 13.2&nbsp;mm machine guns. She was sunk by the battleship [[USS Massachusetts (BB-59)|USS ''Massachusetts'']] and the cruiser [[USS Wichita (CA-45)|USS ''Wichita'']] on 8 November 1942 during the [[Naval Battle of Casablanca]].<ref>Auphan & Mordal, pp. 93, 176, 232–234</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 83: Line 83:
| last2 = Mordal
| last2 = Mordal
| first2 = Jacques
| first2 = Jacques
|name-list-style=amp
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = The French Navy in World War II
| title = The French Navy in World War II
| publisher = Greenwood Press
| publisher = Greenwood Press
| date = 1959
| date = 1959
| location = Westport, Connecticut
| location = Westport, Connecticut
}}
| pages =
*{{cite journal|last1=Guiglini|first1=Jean|last2=Moreau|first2=Albert|title=French Light Cruisers: The First Light Cruisers of the 1922 Naval Program, Part 1|journal=Warship International|date=2001|volume=XXXVIII|issue=3 |pages=269–299 |issn=0043-0374|name-list-style=amp}}
| url =
*{{cite journal |last1=Guiglini |first1=Jean|last2=Moreau|first2=Albert |title=French Light Cruisers: The First Light Cruisers of the 1922 Naval Program, Part 2|journal=Warship International|date=2001|volume=XXXVIII|issue=4 |pages=355–390 |issn=0043-0374|name-list-style=amp}}
| doi =
*{{cite book|last1=Jordan|first1=John|last2=Moulin|first2=Jean|title=French Cruisers 1922–1956 |year=2013|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-133-5 |name-list-style=amp}}
| isbn = }}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
| last = le Masson
| last = le Masson
| first = Henri
| first = Henri
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Navies of the Second World War: The French Navy 1
| title = Navies of the Second World War: The French Navy 1
| publisher = Doubleday & Company
| publisher = Doubleday & Company
| date = 1969
| date = 1969
| location = Garden City, New York
| location = Garden City, New York
}}
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| isbn = }}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
| last = Whitley
| last = Whitley
| first = M. J.
| first = M. J.
| author-link = Michael J. Whitley
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Cruisers of World War II: An International Encyclopedia
| title = Cruisers of World War II: An International Encyclopedia
| publisher = Arms and Armour Press
| publisher = Arms and Armour Press
| date = 1995
| date = 1995
| location = London
| location = London
| pages =
| url =
| doi =
| isbn = 1-85409-225-1 }}
| isbn = 1-85409-225-1 }}
{{commons category|Duguay-Trouin class cruiser}}

<!-- non-breaking space to keep AWB drones from altering the space before the navbox-->


{{Duguay-Trouin class cruisers}}
{{Duguay-Trouin class cruisers}}
{{WWII French ships}}
{{WWIIFrenchShips}}


[[Category:Cruiser classes]]
[[Category:Cruiser classes]]
[[Category:Duguay-Trouin-class cruisers| ]]
[[Category:Duguay-Trouin-class cruisers| ]]
[[Category:Ship classes of the French Navy]]

Latest revision as of 17:08, 3 January 2025

Lamotte-Picquet at Shanghai, 1939
Class overview
NameDuguay-Trouin class
Operators French Navy
Preceded by
Succeeded byJeanne d'Arc
Built1922–1927
In service1926–1952
In commission1926–1952
Completed3
Lost2
Retired1
General characteristics
TypeLight cruiser
Displacement
  • 7,249 tons (7,365 t) (standard)
  • 9,350 tons (9,500 t) (full load)
Length181.30 m (594 ft 10 in) overall
Beam17.50 m (57 ft 5 in)
Draught5.2 metres (17 ft 1 in)
Installed power
Propulsion4 shafts; geared steam turbines;
Speed30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Range3,000 nmi (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement27 officers, 551 sailors
Armament
Armour
Aircraft carried

The Duguay-Trouin class (French pronunciation: [dyɡɛ tʁuɛ̃]) were the first major French warships built after World War I. They were excellent steamers and proved successful and seaworthy over a quarter century of service. All three achieved 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph) on trials and could easily maintain 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) in service. Twenty-year-old Duguay-Trouin could still maintain 27.7 knots (51.3 km/h; 31.9 mph) at her post-war displacement of 10,900 tons.[1] They were fast and economical, although with a limited range.[2] The fate of these three ships after the French surrender illustrates the dichotomy within the French armed forces at the time: one ship was interned, then joined the Free French, another twice resisted Allied bombardment and was destroyed, and the third was disarmed at a French colonial port and subsequently sunk.

Design

[edit]

The design of this class was the result of a protracted process that had started in mid-1919, with the Italians as likely adversaries. A detailed design (Project 171) had been completed by the end of 1919, but there were significant reservations within the Navy and the Chief of the General Staff withdrew them in February 1920. While discussion continued, there were opportunities to compare with newly commissioned cruisers of other navies. The foreign designs were indeed superior, particularly armament.[2]

At the end of 1920, after having examined copies of the plans for the U.S. Omaha class, four designs had been drafted. All four used hulls based on the Omaha's, with eight newly designed 155 mm (6.1 in) and four 75 mm (3 in) anti-aircraft guns and twelve torpedo tubes. The differences lay in the combinations of power and protection.[2]

Design C was selected and detailed work started. The new class would achieve 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph), using oil firing and single-reduction geared turbines. The main armament would be a new breech-loading M1920 gun of 155 mm calibre with a range of 26,100 metres (28,500 yd).[2] The calibre was selected to use the same 155 mm shells manufactured for the Army.[1] In action, this weapon proved to be slow to operate. The 75 mm anti-aircraft battery was of the M1922 type.[2]

The ships were lightly armored with barely splinter-proof gun shields, but extensive watertight subdivision included sixteen transverse bulkheads, with a double hull around the engineering spaces.[1] Orders were placed during 1922 on this basis, despite determined efforts to "improve" the design. After completion, single catapults were installed on the quarter-decks of each ship, initially with two Gourdou-Leseurre GL-812 HY seaplanes, later the GL-832. Duguay-Trouin and Primauguet were subsequently equipped with a single Loire 130 in the 1930s.[2]

Ships in class

[edit]

Duguay-Trouin

[edit]

Duguay-Trouin was completed 2 November 1926 and served briefly in French Indochina in 1931. She patrolled the Atlantic for German shipping and commerce raiders following declaration of World War II hostilities. She patrolled the Mediterranean Sea from May 1940, and was at Alexandria with Force X when France surrendered. The ship was demilitarized at Alexandria for three years until refitted beginning in August 1943 by removal of torpedo tubes and augmentation of anti-aircraft armament by fifteen Oerlikon 20 mm cannon and six 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine guns. Anti-aircraft armament was modified in 1944 to twenty 20 mm and six Bofors 40 mm guns, when radar was also added.[2] Duguay-Trouin returned to the Mediterranean to support Operation Dragoon and Flank Force bombardment of German positions in Italy.[3] She returned to French Indochina for post-war operations against the Viet Minh until scrapped 29 March 1952.[2]

Lamotte-Picquet

[edit]

Lamotte-Picquet was completed 5 March 1927 and deployed to French Indochina in 1935.[2] She was Admiral Jean Decoux's flagship of French Naval Forces, Far East, during the 17 January 1941 Battle of Ko Chang against the Thai fleet. She was decommissioned at Saigon in 1942 where she served as a barracks ship until sunk by United States Task Force 58 aircraft on 12 January 1945.[4]

Primauguet

[edit]

Primauguet was completed 1 April 1927 and deployed to French Indochina from 1932 until declaration of World War II hostilities in September 1939.[2] She then conducted Atlantic patrols, and evacuated French gold to North Africa. She recaptured the freighter Fort de France which had been seized by the Royal Navy en route from Martinique to France. In 1942, Primauguet had her anti-aircraft battery increased by two 25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft guns and twenty 13.2 mm machine guns. She was sunk by the battleship USS Massachusetts and the cruiser USS Wichita on 8 November 1942 during the Naval Battle of Casablanca.[5]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c le Masson, pp. 89–90
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Whitley, pp. 27–29
  3. ^ Auphan & Mordal, pp. 332, 347
  4. ^ Auphan & Mordal, pp. 22, 195, 357
  5. ^ Auphan & Mordal, pp. 93, 176, 232–234

References

[edit]
  • Auphan, Paul & Mordal, Jacques (1959). The French Navy in World War II. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
  • Guiglini, Jean & Moreau, Albert (2001). "French Light Cruisers: The First Light Cruisers of the 1922 Naval Program, Part 1". Warship International. XXXVIII (3): 269–299. ISSN 0043-0374.
  • Guiglini, Jean & Moreau, Albert (2001). "French Light Cruisers: The First Light Cruisers of the 1922 Naval Program, Part 2". Warship International. XXXVIII (4): 355–390. ISSN 0043-0374.
  • Jordan, John & Moulin, Jean (2013). French Cruisers 1922–1956. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-133-5.
  • le Masson, Henri (1969). Navies of the Second World War: The French Navy 1. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company.
  • Whitley, M. J. (1995). Cruisers of World War II: An International Encyclopedia. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-225-1.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Duguay-Trouin class cruiser.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Duguay-Trouin-class_cruiser&oldid=1267107039"