Backchannel (disambiguation): Difference between revisions

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A backchannel is a real-time online conversation using networked computers that takes place alongside live spoken remarks.

Backchannel may also refer to:

Back Channel, Port of Long Beach, a canal in California

Return channel, a low-speed, or less-than-optimal, telecommunications transmission channel in the opposite direction to the main channel
Backchanneling, the method a malicious malware program uses to secretly communicate to command and control servers from a compromised computer
Backchannel diplomacy or Track II diplomacy, an unofficial channel of communication between states or other political entities
Backchannel (linguistics), listener responses that can be both verbal and non-verbal in nature
Backchanneling, an organizational practice in business that involves bypassing recognized or official chains of command in order to create vulnerability^{[clarification needed]} at the level(s) skipped
Backchannel (blog), a technology publication on the blog-publishing platform Medium

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Backchannel.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

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+{{wiktionary|back channel}}
-{{unreferenced|date=February 2008}}
+A '''[[backchannel]]''' is a real-time online conversation using networked computers that takes place alongside live spoken remarks.
+'''Backchannel''' may also refer to:
-__TOC__
+* [[Back Channel, Port of Long Beach]], a canal in California
-==In telecommunications==
-{{main|return channel}}
-A '''back-channel''' (also '''reverse channel''' or '''return channel''') is typically a low-speed, or less-than-optimal, transmission channel in the opposite direction to the main channel.
+* [[Return channel]], a low-speed, or less-than-optimal, telecommunications transmission channel in the opposite direction to the main channel
-==In IT Security==
+* Backchanneling, the method a malicious [[malware]] program uses to secretly communicate to command and control servers from a compromised computer
+* Backchannel diplomacy or [[Track II diplomacy]], an unofficial channel of communication between states or other political entities
-The method a malicious program uses to secretly communicate to command and control servers from a compromised computer. Typically this communication is used by [[malware]] to request instructions, upload data and download other modules of code to be used by the compromised computer.
+* [[Backchannel (linguistics)]], listener responses that can be both verbal and non-verbal in nature
+* Backchanneling, an organizational practice in business that involves bypassing recognized or official [[chain of command|chains of command]] in order to create vulnerability{{Clarify|date=May 2013}} at the level(s) skipped
-==In diplomacy==
+* [[Backchannel (blog)|''Backchannel'' (blog)]], a technology publication on the blog-publishing platform Medium
-{{See also|Track II diplomacy}}
+{{disambiguation}}
-A '''back channel''' in the language of [[diplomacy]] is an unofficial channel of [[communication]] between [[Sovereign state|states]] or other political entities, used to supplement official channels, often for the purposes of discussing highly sensitive policy issues.
-==In linguistics==
-In Linguistics, '''backchannels''' are listener responses that can be both verbal and non-verbal in nature.
-The term ''backchannel'' was designed to imply that there are two channels of communication operating simultaneously during a conversation.<ref>White, Sheida. "Backchannels across cultures: A study of Americans and Japanese ." Language in society (1989): 59-76.</ref>  The predominant channel is that of the speaker who directs primary speech flow.  The secondary channel of communication (or backchannel) is that of the listener which functions to provide ''continuers'' or ''assessments'',<ref>Li, Han. "Patterns of Backchannel Responses in Canadian-Chinese Conversations" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, TBA, San Francisco, CA, May 23, 2007 <Not Available>. 2009-02-04 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p169308_index.html></ref> defining a listeners comprehension and/or interest.
-Due to research development in recent years, backchannel responses have been expanded to include sentence completions, requests for clarification, brief statements, and non-verbal responses and now fall into three categories: non-lexical, phrasal, and substantive.<ref>Young, Richard F. and Jina Lee. "Identifying units in interaction: Reactive tokens in Korean and English conversations." Journal of Sociolinguistics (2004): 380-407.</ref>
-#A non-lexical backchannel is a vocalized sound that has little or no referential meaning but still verbalizes the listeners attention.
-#Phrasal backchannels most commonly assess or acknowledge a speakers communication with simple words or phrases (for example, "Really?" or "Wow!" in English)
-#Substantive backchannels consist of more substantial turn taking by the listener and usually manifest as asking for clarification or repetitions.
-Backchannel communication is present in all cultures and languages though frequency and use may vary.  Confusion and/or distraction can occur during an intercultural encounter if participants from both parties are unfamiliar or unaccustomed to the backchannel norms of the opposing communicator.
-==In business==
-In [[business]], '''back-channeling''' is an organizational practice that involves bypassing recognized or official communication processes, usually by sharing information anonymously up the reporting structure at least two levels, in order to create vulnerability at the level(s) skipped. It is a means by which lower-level members can manipulate perceived power differentials with a superior through a more senior accommodating manager in the organization.{{Fact|date=February 2008}}
-==In medicine==
-In [[medicine]], '''back-channeling''' is much the same as in the business application which involves "inappropriate organizational practice" as it comprises the disparate exchange of data on a patient in utilizing their medical records.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} The [[Veterans Administration]] may do less back-channeling than other medical systems because they openly admit to "flagging" problem patients in their computer system, and they strive to give [[disclosure]] and [[apology|apologies]] for medical mistakes.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} On the whole, any back-channeling efforts in medicine are usually done as the result of [[risk management]] practices.{{Fact|date=February 2008}}
-==In public speaking==
-In [[public speaking]], '''back-channeling''' is the practice of electronically passing notes among some or all of the audience/students during the lecture.  When sanctioned, this practice is particularly useful for speakers who are attempting to dynamically modify their presentations based on immediate feedback from the audience.  When unsanctioned, this practice is often very distracting for the presenter.  Meebo and Twitter are common back channeling devices, although any chat room style device works well.{{Fact|date=June 2008}}
-==Reference List==
-{{Reference}}
-== External links ==
-* [http://www.cs.utep.edu/nigel/bc/ (Linguistics) Back-Channel Facts website]
-[[Category:Telecommunications terms]]
-[[Category:Diplomacy]]
-[[Category:Discourse analysis]]