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*[[Markham, Ontario|Markham]]<ref name=garreau/>
*[[Markham, Ontario|Markham]]<ref name=garreau/>
*[[Vaughan Metropolitan Centre]]<ref name=garreau/>
*[[Vaughan Metropolitan Centre]]<ref name=garreau/>

⚫
<!-- unsourced
====Vancouver====
====Vancouver====
*[[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]]<ref>https://www.mwcog.org/about-us/newsroom/2012/02/17/tysons-corner-and-surrey-bc-transforming-edge-cities-into-urban-centers-activity-centers-land-use/</ref>
⚫
*[[Richmond, British Columbia|Richmond]]<ref>https://businessinrichmond.ca/data-centre/</ref>
⚫
<!-- unsourced
*[[Burnaby]]
*[[Burnaby]]
*[[Coquitlam]]
*[[Coquitlam]]
*[[New Westminster]]
*[[New Westminster]]
*[[North Vancouver (city)|North Vancouver]]
*[[North Vancouver (city)|North Vancouver]]

⚫
*[[Richmond, British Columbia|Richmond]]
*[[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]]
-->
-->


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====Santiago====
====Santiago====
*Providencia ([[Providencia, Chile]])
*Providencia ([[Providencia, Chile]])
*[[Sanhattan]]/[[Las Condes]] area
<!--unsourced
<!--unsourced
===China===
===China===
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*[[Subang Jaya]]
*[[Subang Jaya]]
-->
-->

⚫
===Mexico===
[[File:A view of Santa Fe.jpg|thumb|[[Santa Fe, Mexico City]]]]
[[File:A view of Santa Fe.jpg|thumb|[[Santa Fe, Mexico City]]]]
[[File:Tijuana-2005.jpg|thumb|[[Zona Río]], largest commercial area in [[Tijuana]], master-planned in the 1980s]]
[[File:Tijuana-2005.jpg|thumb|[[Zona Río]], largest commercial area in [[Tijuana]], master-planned in the 1980s]]


⚫
===Mexico===
====Monterrey====
====Monterrey====
*[[San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León|San Pedro Garza García]]<ref name=garreau2/>
*[[San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León|San Pedro Garza García]]<ref name=garreau2/>
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*[[Canary Wharf]]<ref name=garreau2/>
*[[Canary Wharf]]<ref name=garreau2/>
*[[Croydon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Edge City: Croydon |publisher=[[National Trust]] |url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/edge-city-croydon |access-date=16 February 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Nicholas A. |last=Phelps |title=On the edge of something big: edge-city economic development in Croydon, South London |journal=Town Planning Review |volume=69 |issue=4 |year=1998 |pages=441–465 |doi=10.3828/tpr.69.4.dv1t387m20078jjp |jstor=40113515 }}</ref>
*[[Croydon]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Edge City: Croydon |publisher=[[National Trust]] |url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/edge-city-croydon |access-date=16 February 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Nicholas A. |last=Phelps |title=On the edge of something big: edge-city economic development in Croydon, South London |journal=Town Planning Review |volume=69 |issue=4 |year=1998 |pages=441–465 |doi=10.3828/tpr.69.4.dv1t387m20078jjp |jstor=40113515 }}</ref>
⚫
{{wide image|Buckhead skyline from Vinings.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|Skyline of [[Buckhead]], [[Atlanta]]}}


===United States===
===United States===
⚫
{{wide image|Buckhead skyline from Vinings.jpg|1000px|align-cap=center|Skyline of [[Buckhead]], [[Atlanta]]}}

====Atlanta====
====Atlanta====
*[[Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Airport]] area (incl. parts of [[College Park, Georgia|College Park]]/[[Hapeville, Georgia|Hapeville]]/[[East Point, Georgia|East Point]], emerging 1991)<ref name="garreau"/>
*[[Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Airport]] area (incl. parts of [[College Park, Georgia|College Park]]/[[Hapeville, Georgia|Hapeville]]/[[East Point, Georgia|East Point]], emerging 1991)<ref name="garreau"/>
*[[Brookhaven, Georgia|Brookhaven]] I-85 and [[Buford Highway]] corridors incl. [[Lenox Park, Brookhaven, Georgia|Lenox Park]], Century Center, Executive Park, Corporate Square, [[Northeast Plaza]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officespace.com/ga/brookhaven/filter/zoom=12.785234353479845,lng=-84.3275352323414,lat=33.840981354712696 |title=Brookhaven, GA Commercial Real Estate |publisher=OfficeSpace.com |date= |accessdate=2022-03-17}}</ref><ref name="loopnet">https://loopnet.com {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref name="commercialcafe">https://commercialcafe.com/ {{Bare URL inline|date=March 2022}}</ref>
*[[Brookhaven, Georgia|Brookhaven]] I-85 and [[Buford Highway]] corridors incl. [[Lenox Park, Brookhaven, Georgia|Lenox Park]], Century Center, Executive Park, Corporate Square, [[Northeast Plaza]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.officespace.com/ga/brookhaven/filter/zoom=12.785234353479845,lng=-84.3275352323414,lat=33.840981354712696 |title=Brookhaven, GA Commercial Real Estate |publisher=OfficeSpace.com |date= |accessdate=2022-03-17}}</ref><ref name="loopnet">{{cite web |url=https://loopnet.com/ |title=Home |website=loopnet.com}}</ref><ref name="commercialcafe">{{cite web |url=https://commercialcafe.com/ |title=Home |website=commercialcafe.com}}</ref>
*[[Buckhead]]<ref name=garreau/>
*[[Buckhead]]<ref name=garreau/>
*[[Cumberland, Georgia|Cumberland]] ([[Cumberland Mall (Georgia)|Cumberland Mall]]/[[Cobb Galleria Centre]] area near [[Interstate 285 (Georgia)|I-285]]/[[I-75]])<ref name=garreau/> – home to [[Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre]] and [[Truist Park]]
*[[Cumberland, Georgia|Cumberland]] ([[Cumberland Mall (Georgia)|Cumberland Mall]]/[[Cobb Galleria Centre]] area near [[Interstate 285 (Georgia)|I-285]]/[[I-75]])<ref name=garreau/> – home to [[Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre]] and [[Truist Park]]
*[[Gwinnett Place Mall|Gwinnett Place]]/[[Sugarloaf Mills|Sugarloaf]] business districts along [[I-85]], near interchange with [[Georgia State Route 316|SR 316]] (emerging 1991)<ref name="garreau"/>
*[[Gwinnett Place Mall|Gwinnett Place]]/[[Sugarloaf Mills|Sugarloaf]] business districts along [[I-85]], near interchange with [[Georgia State Route 316|SR 316]] (emerging 1991)<ref name="garreau"/>
*[[Johns Creek, Georgia|Johns Creek]] Technology Park<ref>{{cite web|url=http://johnscreekadvantage.org/index.php/site_selection/technology_park_atlanta|title = Keluaran Hk, Data Hk, Pengeluaran Hk, Hk Prize, Togel Hongkong Hari Ini 2022}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=July 2019}}
*[[Johns Creek, Georgia|Johns Creek]] Technology Park<ref>{{cite web|url=http://johnscreekadvantage.org/index.php/site_selection/technology_park_atlanta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227023229/http://johnscreekadvantage.org/index.php/site_selection/technology_park_atlanta|url-status=usurped|archive-date=December 27, 2014|title = Johns Creek Advantage &#124; Technology Park Johns Creek}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=July 2019}}
*[[Midtown Atlanta]] (emerging 1991)<ref name="garreau"/>
*[[Midtown Atlanta]] (emerging 1991)<ref name="garreau"/>
*[[Perimeter Center]] ([[Interstate 285 (Georgia)|I-285]] and [[Georgia State Route 400|Georgia 400]], emerging 1991)<ref name="garreau"/>
*[[Perimeter Center]] ([[Interstate 285 (Georgia)|I-285]] and [[Georgia State Route 400|Georgia 400]], emerging 1991)<ref name="garreau"/>
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====Baltimore====
====Baltimore====

*[[Arundel Mills]] area
*[[Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport|Baltimore-Washington Airport]] area
*[[Columbia, Maryland|Columbia]]
*[[Columbia, Maryland|Columbia]]
*[[Hanover, Maryland]]
*[[Hanover, Maryland]]
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====Charlotte====
====Charlotte====
*[[South End (Charlotte neighborhood)|SouthEnd]]
*[[South End (Charlotte neighborhood)|SouthEnd]]<ref name="garreau"/>
*[[SouthPark (Charlotte neighborhood)|SouthPark]]<ref name="garreau"/>
*[[SouthPark (Charlotte neighborhood)|SouthPark]]<ref name="garreau"/>
*[[University City, North Carolina|University City]]<ref name="garreau"/>
*[[University City, North Carolina|University City]]<ref name="garreau"/>
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*[[U.S. Route 290|U.S. 290]]&ndash;Northwest area
*[[U.S. Route 290|U.S. 290]]&ndash;Northwest area
*Westheimer&ndash;West Belt&ndash;[[Westchase, Houston|Westchase]]
*Westheimer&ndash;West Belt&ndash;[[Westchase, Houston|Westchase]]
*[[The Woodlands, Texas|The Woodlands]]
*[[The Woodlands, Texas|The Woodlands]]-->

⚫
====Indianapolis====
⚫
*[[Carmel, Indiana|Carmel]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}}
*[[Fishers, Indiana|Fishers]]
-->


==== Denver ====
==== Denver ====
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* [[Southfield Town Center Complex]]
* [[Southfield Town Center Complex]]
* [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]]–[[Metropolitan Parkway (Detroit area)|Big Beaver Road]] area
* [[Troy, Michigan|Troy]]–[[Metropolitan Parkway (Detroit area)|Big Beaver Road]] area

⚫
====Indianapolis====
*[[Carmel, Indiana|Carmel]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Carmel |encyclopedia=Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis |orig-year=1994 |date=April 2021 |last1=Cunningham |first1=Joan |last2=Van Allen |first2=Elizabeth J. |publisher=Indianapolis Public Library |url=https://indyencyclopedia.org/carmel/ |access-date=January 3, 2025}}</ref>
⚫
*[[Fishers, Indiana|Fishers]]{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}


====Kansas City====
====Kansas City====
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**[[Mid-Wilshire, Los Angeles|Mid-Wilshire]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
**[[Mid-Wilshire, Los Angeles|Mid-Wilshire]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
**[[Miracle Mile, Los Angeles|Miracle Mile]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
**[[Miracle Mile, Los Angeles|Miracle Mile]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
⚫
**[[West Los Angeles]]
*San Fernando Valley
*San Fernando Valley
**[[Burbank, California|Burbank]]/[[North Hollywood, Los Angeles|North Hollywood]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
**[[Burbank, California|Burbank]]/[[North Hollywood, Los Angeles|North Hollywood]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
**[[Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles|Sherman Oaks]]/[[Van Nuys, Los Angeles]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
**[[Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles|Sherman Oaks]]/[[Van Nuys, Los Angeles]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
**[[Warner Center, Los Angeles]]/West [[San Fernando Valley|Valley]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
**[[Warner Center, Los Angeles]]/West [[San Fernando Valley|Valley]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
⚫
**[[West Los Angeles]]
*Elsewhere in Los Angeles County
*Elsewhere in Los Angeles County
**[[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
**[[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]]<ref name="garreauLA"/>
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====Miami/Fort Lauderdale/West Palm Beach====
====Miami/Fort Lauderdale/West Palm Beach====
*[[Aventura, Florida|Aventura]]
*[[Aventura, Florida|Aventura]]
*[[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]]
*[[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]]/[[Town Center at Boca Raton]] are
*[[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]]
*[[Coral Gables, Florida|Coral Gables]]
*[[Coral Springs]]
*[[Coral Springs]]
*Corporate Park at Cypress Creek area/[[Oakland, Florida|Oakland Park]]
*Corporate Park at Cypress Creek area/[[Oakland, Florida|Oakland Park]]
*[[Dadeland, Florida|Dadeland]]
*[[Kendall, Florida|Kendall]]/[[Dadeland, Florida|Dadeland]]
*[[Deerfield Beach, Florida|Deerfield Beach]]
*[[Deerfield Beach, Florida|Deerfield Beach]]
*[[Delray Beach, Florida|Delray Beach]]
*[[Delray Beach, Florida|Delray Beach]]
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====Raleigh/Durham (Research Triangle)====
====Raleigh/Durham (Research Triangle)====
*[[Research Triangle Park]]<ref name=garreau/>
*[[Research Triangle Park]]<ref name=garreau/>
*[[North Hills (Raleigh)]]


====Sacramento====
====Sacramento====
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*"North City" edge city: [[University City, San Diego|University City]] a.k.a. UTC, eastern edge of [[La Jolla]], [[Sorrento Mesa, San Diego|Sorrento Mesa]]/[[Sorrento Valley, San Diego|Sorrento Valley]], [[Torrey Pines, San Diego|Torrey Pines]], [[Del Mar Heights, San Diego|Del Mar Heights]]/[[Carmel Valley, San Diego|Carmel Valley]]<ref name=garreauSD>{{harvnb|Garreau|1991|p=436}}</ref>
*"North City" edge city: [[University City, San Diego|University City]] a.k.a. UTC, eastern edge of [[La Jolla]], [[Sorrento Mesa, San Diego|Sorrento Mesa]]/[[Sorrento Valley, San Diego|Sorrento Valley]], [[Torrey Pines, San Diego|Torrey Pines]], [[Del Mar Heights, San Diego|Del Mar Heights]]/[[Carmel Valley, San Diego|Carmel Valley]]<ref name=garreauSD>{{harvnb|Garreau|1991|p=436}}</ref>
*North Coast area ([[Encinitas, California|Encinitas]] to [[Oceanside, California|Oceanside]] along I-5)<ref name=garreauSD/>
*North Coast area ([[Encinitas, California|Encinitas]] to [[Oceanside, California|Oceanside]] along I-5)<ref name=garreauSD/>
*I-15 north area ([[Miramar Naval Air Station]] to [[Escondido, California|Escondido]]),<ref name=garreauSD/> incl. the [[Carmel Mountain Ranch, San Diego|Carmel Mountain Ranch]]/[[Rancho Bernardo, San Diego|Rancho Bernardo]] area, which has more than 6 million sq. ft. of office space, the 5th-largest submarket in the metro area.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.avisonyoung.us/documents/92602/0/San+Diego+Office+Market+Report+%28Q1+2019%29/ |title="San Diego submarkets Q1 2019", Avison Young |access-date=2019-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702000649/https://www.avisonyoung.us/documents/92602/0/San%2BDiego%2BOffice%2BMarket%2BReport%2B(Q1%2B2019)/ |archive-date=2019-07-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Interstate 15 in California|Interstate 15]] north area ([[Marine Corps Air Station Miramar]] to [[Escondido, California|Escondido]]),<ref name=garreauSD/> incl. the [[Carmel Mountain Ranch, San Diego|Carmel Mountain Ranch]]/[[Rancho Bernardo, San Diego|Rancho Bernardo]] area, which has more than 6 million sq. ft. of office space, the 5th-largest submarket in the metro area.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.avisonyoung.us/documents/92602/0/San+Diego+Office+Market+Report+%28Q1+2019%29/ |title="San Diego submarkets Q1 2019", Avison Young |access-date=2019-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702000649/https://www.avisonyoung.us/documents/92602/0/San%2BDiego%2BOffice%2BMarket%2BReport%2B(Q1%2B2019)/ |archive-date=2019-07-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==== San Francisco Bay Area ====
==== San Francisco Bay Area ====
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<!-- unsourced
<!-- unsourced


====Seattle====
==== Seattle ====
*[[Bellevue, Washington|Bellevue]]
*[[Bellevue, Washington|Bellevue]]
*[[Bothell, Washington|Bothell]]
*[[Bothell, Washington|Bothell]]
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*[[Shoreline, Washington|Shoreline]]
*[[Shoreline, Washington|Shoreline]]
*[[Tukwila, Washington|Tukwila]]
*[[Tukwila, Washington|Tukwila]]
⚫
-->'''San Juan'''


⚫
==== San Juan ====
• [[Bayamón, Puerto Rico|Bayamón]]
• [[Bayamón, Puerto Rico|Bayamón]]

• [[Caguas, Puerto Rico|Caguas]]
• [[Caguas, Puerto Rico|Caguas]]

• [[Carolina, Puerto Rico|Carolina]]
• [[Carolina, Puerto Rico|Carolina]]

• [[Cataño, Puerto Rico|Cataño]]
• [[Cataño, Puerto Rico|Cataño]]

• [[Guaynabo, Puerto Rico|Guaynabo]]
• [[Guaynabo, Puerto Rico|Guaynabo]]


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*[[Virginia Beach Town Center|Pembroke]]
*[[Virginia Beach Town Center|Pembroke]]
-->
-->

'''Saint Louis'''

* [[Clayton, Missouri|Clayton]]
* [[Maryland Heights, Missouri|Maryland Heights/Westport]]
* [[Earth City, Missouri|Earth City]]


====Washington, DC====
====Washington, DC====
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*[[National Harbor, Maryland|National Harbor/PortAmerica]]–Southern I-95 (emerging 1991)<ref name=garreau/>
*[[National Harbor, Maryland|National Harbor/PortAmerica]]–Southern I-95 (emerging 1991)<ref name=garreau/>


[[File:Arlington County - Virginia.jpg|thumb|The [[Rosslyn, Arlington, Virginia|Rosslyn]]–[[Ballston, Arlington, Virginia|Ballston]] Corridor in [[Arlington, Virginia|Arlington]] near [[Washington, D.C.]]]]
[[File:Arlington County - Virginia.jpg|thumb|The [[Rosslyn, Arlington, Virginia|Rosslyn]]–[[Ballston, Virginia|Ballston]] Corridor in [[Arlington, Virginia|Arlington]] near [[Washington, D.C.]]]]
in [[Arlington County, Virginia]]:
in [[Arlington County, Virginia]]:
*[[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]]-[[Ballston, Arlington, Virginia|Ballston]]<ref name=garreau/>
*[[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]]-[[Ballston, Virginia|Ballston]]<ref name=garreau/>
*[[Crystal City, Virginia|Crystal City]]<ref name=garreau/>
*[[Crystal City, Virginia|Crystal City]]<ref name=garreau/>


Latest revision as of 04:52, 4 January 2025

This is a list of edge cities by continent, country and metropolitan area.

Definition

[edit]

An edge city is a term coined by Joel Garreau's in his 1991 book Edge City: Life on the New Frontier, for a place in a metropolitan area, outside cities' original downtowns (thus, in the suburbs or, if within the city limits of the central city, an area of suburban density), with a large concentration of jobs, office space, and retail space. Originally, Garreau defined edge cities in the North American context, though he gave some examples outside North America. To qualify under Garreau's rules, an edge city:[1]

  • has five million or more square feet (465,000 m2) of leasable office space
  • has 600,000 square feet (56,000 m2) or more of leasable retail space
  • has more jobs than bedrooms
  • is perceived by the population as one place
  • was nothing like a "city" as recently as 30 years ago. As Garreau stated, "[then] it was just bedrooms, if not cow pastures."[2]

List by country and metropolitan area

[edit]

This list is incomplete. You can help by expanding it with entries that meet the criteria and that reference a reliable source. Note: "Emerging 1991" indicated that Garreau assessed this area as an emerging edge city in his 1991 book.

Canada

[edit]

Montreal

[edit]

Toronto

[edit]

Vancouver

[edit]

Chile

[edit]

Santiago

[edit]

France

[edit]

Paris

[edit]

Korea (South)

[edit]

Seoul

[edit]

Mexico

[edit]
Santa Fe, Mexico City
Zona Río, largest commercial area in Tijuana, master-planned in the 1980s

Monterrey

[edit]

Guadalajara

[edit]

Mexico City

[edit]

Tijuana

[edit]
  • Zona Río: built in the 1980s and the city's new commercial center, the Zona Río and contiguous Agua Caliente submarkets had, in 2016, a total of 136,102 square metres (1,464,990 sq ft) of office space, in addition to having the city's largest concentration of retail, hospitality, and other commercial facilities, and hospitals.[9]

Turkey

[edit]

Istanbul

[edit]
Levent skyline seen from the Bosphorus
Maslak skyline (2007)
View of Levent and beyond from Istanbul Sapphire mall

The historic city center is in Fatih and contains historic sites, the Grand Bazaar and adjacent wholesale/retail districts, but is not a modern "central business district" in that it does not have modern retail formats, dense residential and hotel towers, etc. These can be found in the following edge cities with concentrations of office space, malls, residential towers, entertainment and educational facilities, hospitals, etc.:[10]

United Kingdom

[edit]

London

[edit]

United States

[edit]
Skyline of Buckhead, Atlanta

Atlanta

[edit]

Austin

[edit]

Baltimore

[edit]

Birmingham

[edit]

Boston

[edit]

Charlotte

[edit]

Chicago

[edit]

Cleveland

[edit]

Denver

[edit]

Detroit

[edit]

Indianapolis

[edit]

Kansas City

[edit]
Century City, Los Angeles
Aerial view of the South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city: Irvine Business Complex (top), John Wayne Airport runway (upper center), South Coast Metro buildings (lower center) and below, the South Coast Plaza mall

Greater Los Angeles

[edit]

Miami/Fort Lauderdale/West Palm Beach

[edit]

Minneapolis

[edit]

Nashville

[edit]

New York City

[edit]

Philadelphia

[edit]

Raleigh/Durham (Research Triangle)

[edit]

Sacramento

[edit]

San Diego

[edit]

San Francisco Bay Area

[edit]

East:

South:

Saint Louis

Washington, DC

[edit]

in Howard County, Maryland:

in Montgomery County, Maryland:

in Prince George's County, Maryland[1]

The Rosslyn–Ballston Corridor in Arlington near Washington, D.C.

in Arlington County, Virginia:

in Alexandria, Virginia:

Aerial view of Tysons, Virginia

in Fairfax County, Virginia:

Emerging edge cities in Virginia, as of 1991:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu Chapter 11: "The List: Edge Cities Coast to Coast" in Garreau, Joel (1991). Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. Anchor Books. pp. 425–438. ISBN 0-385-42434-5.
  2. ^ Garreau 1991, p. 7.
  3. ^ Coffey, William J. (1994). The evolution of Canada's metropolitan economies. Institute for Research on Public Policy. p. 95. ISBN 0-88645-155-8.
  4. ^ https://www.mwcog.org/about-us/newsroom/2012/02/17/tysons-corner-and-surrey-bc-transforming-edge-cities-into-urban-centers-activity-centers-land-use/
  5. ^ https://businessinrichmond.ca/data-centre/
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Garreau, Joel, Edge City, Chapter 7: Texas
  7. ^ Phelps, N.A.; Parsons, N. (2003). "Edge Urban Geographies: Notes from the Margins of Europe's Capital Cities". Urban Studies. 40 (9): 1725–1749. doi:10.1080/0042098032000106573. S2CID 154785242.
  8. ^ "mega-projects like Santa Fe and Interlomas in Mexico City" in Mexico Business, Volume 4, Issues 1-3. Mexico Business Publishing Group. 1997. p. 23. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
  9. ^ Reporte de Mercado de Oficinas: Tijuana (Tijuana office market report) (PDF). Colliers International. November 2016.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Istanbul Office Market Overview Q1 2014 (PDF). Property Investment Consultancy. 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  11. ^ "Edge City: Croydon". National Trust. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  12. ^ Phelps, Nicholas A. (1998). "On the edge of something big: edge-city economic development in Croydon, South London". Town Planning Review. 69 (4): 441–465. doi:10.3828/tpr.69.4.dv1t387m20078jjp. JSTOR 40113515.
  13. ^ "Brookhaven, GA Commercial Real Estate". OfficeSpace.com. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  14. ^ "Home". loopnet.com.
  15. ^ "Home". commercialcafe.com.
  16. ^ "Johns Creek Advantage | Technology Park Johns Creek". Archived from the original on December 27, 2014.
  17. ^ Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture. John Wiley & Sons. 2007. ISBN 978-0-471-67951-6.
  18. ^ a b c d "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-12-30. Retrieved 2008-01-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. ^ Village of Skokie – Economic Development – Economic Profile Archived 2008-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ The Corporate Grove Office, Industrial, Commercial Real Estate Buffalo Grove, Illinois
  21. ^ Lincolnshire Corporate Center Office, Industrial, Commercial Real Estate Lincolnshire, Illinois
  22. ^ Major Employers
  23. ^ Business Park, Office Industrial Warehouse Space For Sale Lease Vernon Hills, Illinois - Commercial Real Estate
  24. ^ "FORTUNE 500 2006: States". CNN.
  25. ^ a b c Cooperative Transit Planning in a Congested Suburban Corridor: - 2000 APA National Conference Proceedings Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ Great Place to Live and Work or Play
  27. ^ http://www.cityofelgin.org/DocumentView.asp?DID=178 [dead link‍]
  28. ^ "Hamilton Lakes".
  29. ^ Cunningham, Joan; Van Allen, Elizabeth J. (April 2021) [1994]. "Carmel". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved January 3, 2025.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Garreau, Joel (1991). Edge City. pp. 262–263. ISBN 9780307801944. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  31. ^ "The City of Franklin, Tennessee" (PDF). Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Southeastern Pennsylvania Office Plan, March 2015
  33. ^ Huber, Robert (March 2017). "The Promised Land?". Philadelphia Magazine. pp. 76–79, 128–134.
  34. ^ a b c Garreau 1991, p. 436
  35. ^ ""San Diego submarkets Q1 2019", Avison Young". Archived from the original on 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
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