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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Short description|Icelandic public broadcaster}}
{{Short description|Icelandic public broadcaster}}
{{About|the public broadcasting company|its TV channel|RÚV (television channel)}}
{{About|the public broadcasting company|its TV channel|RÚV (TV channel)}}
{{Infobox network
{{Infobox network
|network_name = RÚV
|network_name = RÚV
|network_logo = File:RÚV ohf 2019 logo.svg
|network_logo = RÚV ohf 2019 logo.svg
|image =
|image =
|caption =
|caption =
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|owner = State-owned
|owner = State-owned
|key_people = Stefán Eiríksson ([[director general]])
|key_people = Stefán Eiríksson ([[director general]])
|launch_date = 1930 (incorporation; radio)<br>1966 (television)
|launch_date = 1930 (incorporation; radio)<br />1966 (television)
|founder =
|founder =
|headquarters = [[Reykjavík]]
|headquarters = [[Reykjavík]]
|slogan =
|slogan =
|motto =RÚV okkar allra
|motto = ''RÚV okkar allra'' (RÚV of all of us)
|past_names =
|past_names =
|website = [http://www.ruv.is/ www.ruv.is]
|website = {{URL|http://www.ruv.is/|ruv.is}}
|tvtransmitters=146|radiotransmitters=230|language=[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]|net_income=-174 million ISK|revenue=7.9 billion ISK|tvstations=2|radiostations=3|name=Ríkisútvarpið ohf.}}
|tvtransmitters=146|radiotransmitters=230|language=[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]|net_income=174 million ISK|revenue=7.9 billion ISK|tvstations=2|radiostations=3|name=Ríkisútvarpið ohf.
}}
'''Ríkisútvarpið''' ('''RÚV''') (pronounced {{IPA-is|ˈriːcɪsˌuːtvar̥pɪð|}} or {{IPA-is|ˈruːv|}}) ({{lang-en|'The Icelandic National Broadcasting Service'}}) is [[Iceland]]'s national [[public broadcasting|public-service broadcasting]] organization.
'''Ríkisútvarpið''' ({{IPA|is|ˈriːcɪsˌuːtvar̥pɪð}}, {{lit|National Broadcasting}}; abbr. '''RÚV''' {{IPA-is|ˈruːv|}}) is [[Iceland]]'s national [[public broadcasting|public-service broadcasting]] organization.


Founded in 1930, it operates from studios in the country's capital, [[Reykjavík]], as well as regional centres around the country. RÚV operates an [[Online newspaper|online news]] service, which is the fourth most visited website in Iceland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-19 |title=Vísir vinsælasti vefur landsins - Vísir |url=https://www.visir.is/g/2019850594d/visir-vinsaelasti-vefur-landsins |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=visir.is |language=is}}</ref> In 2016, 88% of Icelanders consumed RÚV content every week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ársskýrsla 2016 |url=https://www.ruv.is/arsskyrsla/2016-2/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=RÚV {{!}} Ársskýrsla |language=en-US}}</ref>
Founded in 1930, it operates from studios in the country's capital, [[Reykjavík]], as well as regional centres around the country. RÚV operates an [[Online newspaper|online news]] service, which is the fourth most visited website in Iceland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-19 |title=Vísir vinsælasti vefur landsins - Vísir |url=https://www.visir.is/g/2019850594d/visir-vinsaelasti-vefur-landsins |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=visir.is |language=is}}</ref> In 2016, 88% of Icelanders consumed RÚV content every week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ársskýrsla 2016 |url=https://www.ruv.is/arsskyrsla/2016-2/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=RÚV {{!}} Ársskýrsla |language=en-US}}</ref>


The service broadcasts an assortment of general programming to a wide national audience via two broadcast radio stations: [[Rás 1]] and [[Rás 2]]; and one full-time [[RÚV (television channel)|television channel of the same name, RÚV]]. A supplamentary, part-time TV channel, [[RÚV 2]], transmits live coverage of major cultural and sporting events, as required, as well as some Icelandic programmes with English subtitles. RÚV also distributes online-only channels content for children and the elderly.
The service broadcasts an assortment of general programming to a wide national audience via two broadcast radio stations: [[Rás 1]] and [[Rás 2]]; and one full-time [[RÚV (TV channel)|television channel of the same name, RÚV]]. A supplementary, part-time TV channel, [[RÚV 2]], transmits live coverage of major cultural and sporting events, as required, as well as some Icelandic programmes with English subtitles. RÚV also distributes online-only channels content for children and the elderly.


RÚV is funded by a flat [[Earmark (politics)|earmarked]] government tax collected from every income tax payer,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Útvarpsgjald |url=https://www.skatturinn.is/einstaklingar/skattar-og-gjold/utvarpsgjald/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Skatturinn - skattar og gjöld |language=is}}</ref> as well as from on-air [[Television advertisement|advertising]]. All of RÚV's content is [[free-to-air]] and open in Iceland.
RÚV is funded by a flat [[Earmark (politics)|earmarked]] government tax collected from every income tax payer,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Útvarpsgjald |url=https://www.skatturinn.is/einstaklingar/skattar-og-gjold/utvarpsgjald/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Skatturinn - skattar og gjöld |language=is}}</ref> as well as from on-air [[Television advertisement|advertising]]. All of RÚV's content is [[free-to-air]] and open in Iceland.


==History==
==History==
The Icelandic National Broadcasting Service commenced operations in 1930 with the launch of Icelandic state radio, ''Útvarp Reykjavík''. RÚV has been a full active member of the [[European Broadcasting Union]] since 1956. In 2023, RÚV announced the retirement of its longwave transmissions by 2024.
The Icelandic National Broadcasting Service commenced operations in 1930 with the launch of Icelandic state radio, [[Rás 1|''Útvarp Reykjavík'' (Radio Reykjavík)]]. RÚV has been a full active member of the [[European Broadcasting Union]] since 1956.


=== Radio ===
=== Radio ===


==== Longwave broadcasts ====
==== Longwave broadcasts ====
⚫
[[File:Útvarpstöðvar - Icelandic Radio stations - 1981.png|thumb|Icelandic radio transmission network in 1981.]]
RÚV began radio broadcasting on [[longwave]] in 1930 at Vatnsendhæð, near Reykjavík. In 1938, the transmitted power was increased 100kW. In 1991, the original 1930 longwave transmitter tower at Vatnsendi collapsed.<ref name=":4" />
RÚV began radio broadcasting on [[longwave]] in 1930 at Vatnsendhæð, near Reykjavík. In 1938, the transmitted power was increased 100kW. In 1991, the original 1930 longwave transmitter tower at Vatnsendi collapsed.<ref name=":4" /> As a result, later in the decade the [[Hellissandur longwave radio mast|Hellissandur longwave transmitter]] was taken into use at 189&nbsp;kHz, converted from a [[Loran-C|LORAN-C]] mast, making it [[Western Europe]]'s tallest [[radio mast]] at its time of closure.<ref name=":4" />


⚫
In 1938, the first medium-wave broadcasting in Iceland commenced in [[Eastern Region (Iceland)|East Iceland]] at [[Eiðar longwave transmitter|Eiðar]]. In 1966, the transmitter was converted to longwave, at a power of 20kW. In 1998 the mast was reconstructed at a height of 220m and its power increased to 100kW, at 207kHz.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Icelandic Parliament |title=Skýrsla |url=https://www.althingi.is/altext/pdf/103/s/0643.pdf}}</ref>
As a result, later in the decade the [[Hellissandur longwave radio mast|Hellissandur longwave transmitter]] was taken into use, converted from a [[Loran-C|LORAN-C]] mast.<ref name=":4" />
⚫
[[File:Útvarpstöðvar - Icelandic Radio stations - 1981.png|thumb|Icelandic radio transmission network in 1981.]]In 1938, the first medium-wave broadcasting in Iceland commenced in [[Eastern Region (Iceland)|East Iceland]] at [[Eiðar longwave transmitter|Eiðar]]. In 1966, the transmitter was converted to longwave, at a power of 20kW. In 1998 the mast was reconstructed at a height of 220m and its power increased to 100kW, at 207kHz.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Icelandic Parliament |title= |url=https://www.althingi.is/altext/pdf/103/s/0643.pdf}}</ref>


RÚV has announced the retirement of its longwave transmissions by 2024, citing its inadequacy as a backup service as most vehicles and radios do not support longwave broadcasts anymore.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-28 |title=Third largest structure in Iceland demolished - RÚV.is |url=https://www.ruv.is/english/2023-02-28-third-largest-structure-in-iceland-demolished/ |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=RÚV}}</ref> In 2023, the [[Eiðar longwave transmitter]] was demolished, ceasing 207kHz transmissions. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-28 |title=Langbylgjan þagnar og kallað eftir ábendingum um hvar má bæta FM kerfi RÚV - RÚV.is |url=https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2023-02-28-langbylgjan-thagnar-og-kallad-eftir-abendingum-um-hvar-ma-baeta-fm-kerfi-ruv/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=RÚV}}</ref><ref name=":5" />
Since 1999, longwave broadcasts were a mix of [[Rás 1]] and [[Rás 2]] content. The longwave transmissions were intended to fill gaps in the FM coverage, serve the Icelandic fishing fleet and serve as an back up during [[Civil defense|emergencies]].<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Magnúsdóttir |first=Margrét |date=2024-10-17 |title=Tilkynning um lokun langbylgju - RÚV.is |url=https://www.ruv.is/um-ruv/i-umraedunni/2024-10-17-tilkynning-um-lokun-langbylgju-424925 |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=RÚV |language=is}}</ref>

RÚV began the retirement of its longwave transmissions in 2023, citing its inadequacy as a backup service as most vehicles and radios do not support longwave broadcasts anymore.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-28 |title=Langbylgjan þagnar og kallað eftir ábendingum um hvar má bæta FM kerfi RÚV - RÚV.is |url=https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2023-02-28-langbylgjan-thagnar-og-kallad-eftir-abendingum-um-hvar-ma-baeta-fm-kerfi-ruv/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=RÚV}}</ref> In 2023, the [[Eiðar longwave transmitter]] was demolished, ceasing 207kHz transmissions. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-28 |title=Langbylgjan þagnar og kallað eftir ábendingum um hvar má bæta FM kerfi RÚV - RÚV.is |url=https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2023-02-28-langbylgjan-thagnar-og-kallad-eftir-abendingum-um-hvar-ma-baeta-fm-kerfi-ruv/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=RÚV}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-28 |title=Third largest structure in Iceland demolished - RÚV.is |url=https://www.ruv.is/english/2023-02-28-third-largest-structure-in-iceland-demolished/ |access-date=2023-06-04 |website=RÚV}}</ref> The Hellissandur transmitter would later end broadcasts in October 2024, marking the end of longwave broadcasts in Iceland although the mast remained in place.<ref name=":22" />


==== Shortwave and medium-wave broadcasting ====
==== Shortwave and medium-wave broadcasting ====
[[Shortwave radio|Shortwave]] broadcasts were used for long distance transmission, mostly for [[Sailor|seafarers]] and Icelanders abroad. They were used intermittently for important broadcasts. Shortwave broadcasts ceased on the 1st of July 2007, after the introduction of satellite broadcasts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=blaðið - 119. tölublað (29.06.2007) - Tímarit.is |url=https://timarit.is/page/5751332?iabr=on#page/n5/mode/1up/search/stuttbylgju |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=timarit.is}}</ref> Smaller medium-wave repeaters were previously operated for areas which were poorly served by the longwave service.<ref name=":6" />
[[Shortwave radio|Shortwave]] broadcasts were used for long distance transmission, mostly for [[Sailor|seafarers]] and Icelanders abroad. They were used intermittently for important broadcasts. Shortwave broadcasts ceased on 1 July 2007, after the introduction of satellite broadcasts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=blaðið - 119. tölublað (29.06.2007) - Tímarit.is |url=https://timarit.is/page/5751332?iabr=on#page/n5/mode/1up/search/stuttbylgju |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=timarit.is}}</ref> Smaller medium-wave repeaters were previously operated for areas which were poorly served by the longwave service.<ref name=":6" />


==== FM broadcasting ====
==== FM broadcasting ====
[[FM broadcasting]] began in 1959 at its main Vatnsendi site, later expanding nationwide. Stereo transmissions began in 1980.<ref name=":6" /> In 1983 RÚV's second radio station was launched, [[Rás 2]]. The original station was then renamed [[Rás 1]]. In 2023, as a result of LW transmissions retiring, RÚV committed expanding the FM network further.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Langbylgjustöðin (Útvarpshúsið) á Vatnsendahæð – Ferlir |url=https://ferlir.is/langbylgjustodin-utvarpshusid-a-vatnsendahaed/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |language=is}}</ref>
[[FM broadcasting]] began in 1959 at its main Vatnsendi site, later expanding nationwide. Stereo transmissions began in 1980.<ref name=":6" /> In 1983 RÚV's second radio station was launched, [[Rás 2]]. The original station was then renamed [[Rás 1]]. In 2023, as a result of LW transmissions retiring, RÚV committed to expanding the FM network further.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Langbylgjustöðin (Útvarpshúsið) á Vatnsendahæð – Ferlir |url=https://ferlir.is/langbylgjustodin-utvarpshusid-a-vatnsendahaed/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |language=is}}</ref>


In 2004, RÚV launched a [[Music radio|non-talk]], automated classical and jazz radio station called Rondó, based off the word [[rondo]]. In 2020, Rondó was discontinued on [[FM broadcasting|FM]] (due to the closure of Vatnsendi site) but continued on [[DVB]] and on the internet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ruv.is/i-umraedunni/slokkt-a-utsendingum-rondo-a-fm-i-reykjavik|title=Slökkt á útsendingum Rondó á FM í Reykjavík|date=2020-12-14|website=RÚV|language=is|access-date=2021-03-16|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127165132/https://www.ruv.is/i-umraedunni/slokkt-a-utsendingum-rondo-a-fm-i-reykjavik|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 2004, RÚV launched a [[Music radio|non-talk]], automated classical and jazz radio station called Rondó, based on the word [[rondo]]. In 2020, Rondó was discontinued on [[FM broadcasting|FM]] (due to the closure of Vatnsendi site) but continued on [[DVB]] and on the internet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ruv.is/i-umraedunni/slokkt-a-utsendingum-rondo-a-fm-i-reykjavik|title=Slökkt á útsendingum Rondó á FM í Reykjavík|date=2020-12-14|website=RÚV|language=is|access-date=2021-03-16|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127165132/https://www.ruv.is/i-umraedunni/slokkt-a-utsendingum-rondo-a-fm-i-reykjavik|url-status=dead}}</ref>
⚫
[[File:Icelandic TV transmitters 1981.png|thumb|RÚV TV transmission network in 1981.]]


=== Television ===
=== Television ===
[[File:Icelandic TV transmitters 1981.png|thumb|RÚV TV transmission network in 1981.]]
RÚV commenced television transmissions in 1966, and colour transmissions began in 1977. In 1981, the first live satellite programmes were broadcast, from the then-newly inaugurated satellite ground station Skyggnir. <ref name=":4" />
RÚV commenced television transmissions in 1966, and colour transmissions began in 1977. In 1981, the first live satellite programmes were broadcast, from the then-newly inaugurated satellite ground station Skyggnir.<ref name=":4" />


Since 1986, the year in which its [[monopoly]] as the only permitted domestic broadcaster ended, RÚV has faced competition from a number of private broadcasting companies, most notably the [[365 (media corporation)|365]] corporation.
Since 1986, the year in which its [[monopoly]] as the only permitted domestic broadcaster ended, RÚV has faced competition from a number of private broadcasting companies, most notably the [[365 (media corporation)|365]] corporation.


RÚV's [[teletext]] service, ''Textavarpið'', was inaugurated on the 25th anniversary of Icelandic television in 1991. As of 2023 it is stil operating.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Háskólabókasafn |first=Landsbókasafn Íslands- |title=Tímarit.is |url=https://timarit.is/page/4065583 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=timarit.is |language=is}}</ref>
RÚV's [[teletext]] service, ''Textavarpið'', was inaugurated on the 25th anniversary of Icelandic television in 1991. As of 2023 it is still operating.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Háskólabókasafn |first=Landsbókasafn Íslands- |title=Tímarit.is |url=https://timarit.is/page/4065583 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=timarit.is |language=is}}</ref>


In May 2007, RÚV began [[Direct to Home|direct satellite TV]] broadcasts over [[DVB-S]] from [[Intelsat 10-02]] satellite with a frequency of 11182 V 3100 7/8, supplemented by [[Rás 1]] and [[Rás 2]] over [[DTV radio]]. This was later moved to the [[Thor 5]] satellite, in order to service fishing fleets around Iceland and remote areas where the terrestrial network does not reach. [[Telenor|Telenor ASA]] ran the service by contract until it ceased by the end of 2024, the service was encrypted and was only available on request.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-04-21 |title=Gervihnattadreifing |url=https://www.ruv.is/gervihnattadreifing |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=RÚV |language=is}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kristjánsson |first=Alexander |date=2024-06-05 |title=RÚV hættir sjónvarpútsendingum um gervihnött - RÚV.is |url=https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/414985 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=RÚV}}</ref>
[[Satellite television|Satellite broadcasting]] started in May 2007 by RÚV from [[Intelsat 10-02]] satellite with a frequency of 11182 V 3100 7/8. This was later moved to the [[Thor 5]] satellite.


Digital television began broadcasting in 2013. Television was broadcast in analogue until the digital switchover in 2015, when the last analogue transmitter at Vatnsendi was switched off. The analogue transmissions used a network of 180 [[Analog signal|analogue]] transmitters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slökkt á hliðrænu dreifikerfi RÚV á mánudag |url=https://www.mbl.is/frettir/taekni/2015/01/29/slokkt_a_hlidraenu_dreifikerfi_ruv_a_manudag/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=www.mbl.is |language=is}}</ref>
[[High-definition television|High definition]] [[Digital terrestrial television|digital television broadcasts]] in [[1080i]] began in 2013, over a [[DVB-T2]] network. Television was broadcast in analogue until the digital switchover in 2015, when the last [[Analog television|analogue]] transmitter at Vatnsendi was switched off. The analogue transmissions used a network of 180 [[Analog signal|analogue]] transmitters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slökkt á hliðrænu dreifikerfi RÚV á mánudag |url=https://www.mbl.is/frettir/taekni/2015/01/29/slokkt_a_hlidraenu_dreifikerfi_ruv_a_manudag/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=www.mbl.is |language=is}}</ref>


In 2020, television transmissions for the Reykjavík area were moved from Vatnsendi to [[Úlfarsfell]], ending 70 years of broadcasting from the location. <gallery mode="packed">
In 2021, television transmissions for the Reykjavík area were moved from Vatnsendi to [[Úlfarsfell]], ending 70 years of broadcasting from the location.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kristjánsson |first=Alexander |date=2021-08-23 |title=Þarf að snúa loftnetum að Úlfarsfelli - RÚV.is |trans-title=People must turn their antennas towards Úlfarsfell |url=https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2021-08-23-tharf-ad-snua-loftnetum-ad-ulfarsfelli/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=RÚV |language=is}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Reykjavik Gebouw van de IJslandse staatsradio met op het dak zendmasten, Bestanddeelnr 190-0308.jpg|RÚV's original 1930 headquarters until 1959.
File:Reykjavik Gebouw van de IJslandse staatsradio met op het dak zendmasten, Bestanddeelnr 190-0308.jpg|RÚV's original 1930 headquarters until 1959.
File:Ruv logo.png|RÚV logo used until 2011
File:Ruv logo.png|RÚV logo used until 2011
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== Services ==
== Services ==
RÚV broadcasts two linear televison channels and three radio stations, each with a certain target market. In accordance with its duty as a public broadcasting service, [[RÚV (television channel)|Sjónvarpið]], the television network, broadcasts a news bulletin in [[Icelandic Sign Language]] for the deaf and hard of hearing. In addition, the [[Rás 1]] radio channel broadcasts detailed weather reports for the benefit of Icelandic seafarers and others.
RÚV broadcasts two linear television channels and three radio stations, each with a certain target market. In accordance with its duty as a public broadcasting service, [[RÚV (television channel)|Sjónvarpið]], the television network, broadcasts a news bulletin in [[Icelandic Sign Language]] for the deaf and hard of hearing. In addition, the [[Rás 1]] radio channel broadcasts detailed weather reports for the benefit of Icelandic seafarers and others.


=== Television channels ===
=== Television channels ===
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* [[RÚV (TV channel)|RÚV Television]] (also known as ''Sjónvarpið'') – main channel with generalist programming
* [[RÚV (TV channel)|RÚV Television]] (also known as ''Sjónvarpið'') – main channel with generalist programming
* [[RÚV 2]] – part-time "special events" channel
* [[RÚV 2]] – part-time "special events" channel
* [[Krakkarúv]] - an online service aimed at children and young people, launched in 2023
* [[KrakkaRÚV]] – an online service aimed at children and young people, launched in 2015<ref>https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/36084/1/BA-verkefni-%25C3%2581sthildur-Skemma.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>


Those who watch television on the internet outside [[Iceland]] can only watch selected programs on RÚV and RÚV 2 channels due to broadcasting rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ruv.is/spurt-og-svarad/why-is-not-all-radio-and-television-content-available-on-the-web|title=RÚV}}</ref>
Those who watch television on the internet outside [[Iceland]] can only watch selected programs on RÚV and RÚV 2 channels due to broadcasting rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ruv.is/spurt-og-svarad/why-is-not-all-radio-and-television-content-available-on-the-web|title=RÚV}}</ref>


=== Radio stations ===
=== Radio stations ===
[[File:Rondó 2019 logo.svg|thumb|150px|Rondó logo (2019)]]
* [[Rás 1]] (Channel 1) – News, weather, current affairs, culture
* [[Rás 1]] (Channel 1) – News, weather, current affairs, culture
* [[Rás 2]] (Channel 2) – Pop and rock music
* [[Rás 2]] (Channel 2) – Pop and rock music
* [[Rondó]] – Non-stop [[classical music]] and [[jazz]] (DVB, digital and web only)
* [[Rondó]] – Non-stop [[classical music]] and [[jazz]] (DVB-T2 and web only)


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
As of 2023, most of the population accesses RÚV through the internet. FM radio broadcasts remain popular however, 30% of Icelanders listen to Rás 1 and 61% listen to Rás 2 in a given week. This can be attributed to Iceland's high car ownership.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Fjarskiptastofa/Maskina |date=2022-05-01 |title=Neytendakönnun á fjarskiptamarkaði |url=https://fjarskiptastofa.is/library/?itemid=caf5d112-c9ad-4701-aabf-9f1397b3bb71}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-20 |title=RÚV er mikilvægur þáttur í lífi landsmanna - RÚV.is |url=https://www.ruv.is/oflokka-eldra-efni/ruv-er-mikilvaegur-thattur-i-lifi-landsmanna/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=RÚV}}</ref>
As of 2023, most of the population accesses RÚV through the internet. FM radio broadcasts remain popular however, 30% of Icelanders listen to Rás 1 and 61% listen to Rás 2 in a given week. This can be attributed to Iceland's high car ownership.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fjarskiptastofa/Maskina |date=2022-05-01 |title=Neytendakönnun á fjarskiptamarkaði |url=https://fjarskiptastofa.is/library/?itemid=caf5d112-c9ad-4701-aabf-9f1397b3bb71}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-20 |title=RÚV er mikilvægur þáttur í lífi landsmanna - RÚV.is |url=https://www.ruv.is/oflokka-eldra-efni/ruv-er-mikilvaegur-thattur-i-lifi-landsmanna/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=RÚV}}</ref>


=== Radio ===
=== Radio ===
RÚV's radio stations, [[Rás 1]] and [[Rás 2]], are [[FM broadcasting|broadcast on FM]] through a network of 230 FM transmitters.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Dreifikerfi RÚV - RÚV.is |url=https://www.ruv.is/um-ruv/dreifikerfi-ruv/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=RÚV}}</ref> RÚV intends to strengthen its FM network over the coming years in light of their plan to closing their longwave services in 2024.<ref name=":1" />
RÚV's radio stations, [[Rás 1]] and [[Rás 2]], are [[FM broadcasting|broadcast on FM]] through a network of 230 FM transmitters.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Dreifikerfi RÚV - RÚV.is |url=https://www.ruv.is/um-ruv/dreifikerfi-ruv/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=RÚV|date=6 November 2022 }}</ref> RÚV intends to strengthen its FM network over the coming years in light of their plan to closing their longwave services in 2024.<ref name=":1" />

RÚV currently broadcasts on [[longwave]] at 189&nbsp;kHz using [[Western Europe]]'s tallest [[radio mast]], the [[Longwave radio mast Hellissandur|Hellissandur longwave radio transmitter]]. The longwave broadcast is a mix of Rás 1 and 2 content. The longwave transmissions are intended to fill gaps in the FM coverage, serve the Icelandic fishing fleet and serve as an back up during [[Civil defense|emergencies]]. RÚV has announced the retirement of its longwave transmissions by 2024, citing its inadequacy as a backup service as most vehicles and radios do not support longwave broadcasts anymore.<ref name=":1" />


The radio stations are also broadcast on [[DVB-T2]], as well as through [[internet radio]]. There are no plans to implement [[Digital Audio Broadcasting|DAB radio]] in Iceland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fjarskiptastofa |title=Úhlutun tíðnan fyrir hljóðvarp FM og DAB |url=https://www.fjarskiptastofa.is/library/?itemid=e66f1d4c-60d5-11e7-940c-005056bc0bdb}}</ref>
The radio stations are also broadcast via terrestrial [[DTV radio]] on [[DVB-T2]], as well as through [[internet radio]]. There are no plans to implement [[Digital Audio Broadcasting|DAB radio]] in Iceland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fjarskiptastofa |title=Úhlutun tíðnan fyrir hljóðvarp FM og DAB |url=https://www.fjarskiptastofa.is/library/?itemid=e66f1d4c-60d5-11e7-940c-005056bc0bdb}}</ref>


=== Television ===
=== Television ===
The television network, [[RÚV (TV channel)|RÚV]] and RÚV 2, is broadcast [[Terrestrial television|terrestrially]] in [[1080p|1080i HD]] on a [[DVB-T2]] network operated by [[Vodafone Iceland]] by contract until 2028. The broadcasts are [[free-to-air]] and reach 99.9% of the poplation. According to a 2022 survey, only 1% of the poulation uses terrestrial broadcasts to watch RÚV.<ref name=":2" />
The television network, [[RÚV (TV channel)|RÚV]] and RÚV 2, is broadcast [[Terrestrial television|terrestrially]] in [[1080p|1080i HD]] on a [[DVB-T2]] network operated by [[Vodafone Iceland]] by contract until 2028. The broadcasts are [[free-to-air]] and reach 99.9% of the population. According to a 2022 survey, only 1% of the population uses terrestrial broadcasts to watch RÚV.<ref name=":0" />


⚫
Due to the prevalence of fiber [[Internet in Iceland|internet connections in Iceland]], the most popular way to view broadcasts is through the internet. RÚV is available through managed [[Internet Protocol television|IPTV]] systems on [[Síminn]] and [[Vodafone]]. RÚV also offers all of its content on their website, as well as through [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] services. RÚV also offers an [[Application software|app]] for [[Apple TV]], [[iOS]], [[Android TV]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]]. Webcasts are open and free when accessed from Iceland, however some programming is not available internationally due to licencing issues. It is possible to login using an [[Icelandic identity card#Electronic identification (eID)|Icelandic digital ID]] to have full access to broadcasts internationally.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Dreifikerfi |url=https://www.ruv.is/ruv-okkar-allra/dreifikerfi |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=RÚV |language=is}}</ref>
The main TV channel RÚV and radio stations Rás 1 and Rás 2, are also broadcast on [[Satellite television|satellite]] on [[Thor 5]], mostly to cater to the Icelandic fishing fleet. They are also contracted to run until 2028.<ref name=":3" />


⚫
Due to the prevalence of fiber [[Internet in Iceland|internet connections in Iceland,]] the most popular way to view broadcasts is through the internet. RÚV is available through managed [[Internet Protocol television|IPTV]] systems on [[Síminn]] and [[Vodafone]]. RÚV also offers all of its content on their website, as well as through [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] services. RÚV also offers an [[Application software|app]] for [[Apple TV]], [[iOS]], [[Android TV]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]].
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Share of distribution channels<ref name=":0"/>
|+Share of distribution channels<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fjarskiptastofa/Maskina |date=2022-05-01 |title=Neytendakönnun á fjarskiptamarkaði |url=https://fjarskiptastofa.is/library/?itemid=caf5d112-c9ad-4701-aabf-9f1397b3bb71}}</ref>
!Distribution method
!Distribution method
!Market share
!Market share
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* {{Official website|http://www.ruv.is/}} {{in lang|is}}
* {{Official website|http://www.ruv.is/}} {{in lang|is}}
* [http://www.ruv.is/ruv-okkar-allra/about-ruv About RÚV: official webpage in English]
* [http://www.ruv.is/ruv-okkar-allra/about-ruv About RÚV: official webpage in English]
* [http://ruv.is/nolayout/popup/ras1 Live Radio]
* [http://ruv.is/nolayout/popup/ras1 Live Radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519165409/http://www.ruv.is/nolayout/popup/ras1 |date=19 May 2018 }}


{{Nordvision}}
{{Nordvision}}
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[[Category:Mass media companies of Iceland]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of Iceland]]
[[Category:Publicly funded broadcasters]]
[[Category:Publicly funded broadcasters]]
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1930]]
[[Category:Radio stations in Iceland]]
[[Category:State media]]
[[Category:State media]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1966]]

Latest revision as of 09:29, 4 January 2025

This article is about the public broadcasting company. For its TV channel, see RÚV (TV channel).
RÚV
TypeTelevision, radio and web
Country
Iceland
AvailabilityNational; International via satellite (Thor 5) and online (selected programmes)
MottoRÚV okkar allra (RÚV of all of us)
TV stations2
TV transmitters146
Radio stations3
Radio transmitters230
Revenue7.9 billion ISK
174 million ISK
HeadquartersReykjavík
OwnerState-owned
Key people
Stefán Eiríksson (director general)
Launch date
1930 (incorporation; radio)
1966 (television)
Official website
ruv.is
LanguageIcelandic

Ríkisútvarpið (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈriːcɪsˌuːtvar̥pɪð], lit. 'National Broadcasting'; abbr. RÚV [ˈruːv]) is Iceland's national public-service broadcasting organization.

Founded in 1930, it operates from studios in the country's capital, Reykjavík, as well as regional centres around the country. RÚV operates an online news service, which is the fourth most visited website in Iceland.[1] In 2016, 88% of Icelanders consumed RÚV content every week.[2]

The service broadcasts an assortment of general programming to a wide national audience via two broadcast radio stations: Rás 1 and Rás 2; and one full-time television channel of the same name, RÚV. A supplementary, part-time TV channel, RÚV 2, transmits live coverage of major cultural and sporting events, as required, as well as some Icelandic programmes with English subtitles. RÚV also distributes online-only channels content for children and the elderly.

RÚV is funded by a flat earmarked government tax collected from every income tax payer,[3] as well as from on-air advertising. All of RÚV's content is free-to-air and open in Iceland.

History

[edit]

The Icelandic National Broadcasting Service commenced operations in 1930 with the launch of Icelandic state radio, Útvarp Reykjavík (Radio Reykjavík). RÚV has been a full active member of the European Broadcasting Union since 1956.

Radio

[edit]

Longwave broadcasts

[edit]
Icelandic radio transmission network in 1981.

RÚV began radio broadcasting on longwave in 1930 at Vatnsendhæð, near Reykjavík. In 1938, the transmitted power was increased 100kW. In 1991, the original 1930 longwave transmitter tower at Vatnsendi collapsed.[4] As a result, later in the decade the Hellissandur longwave transmitter was taken into use at 189 kHz, converted from a LORAN-C mast, making it Western Europe's tallest radio mast at its time of closure.[4]

In 1938, the first medium-wave broadcasting in Iceland commenced in East Iceland at Eiðar. In 1966, the transmitter was converted to longwave, at a power of 20kW. In 1998 the mast was reconstructed at a height of 220m and its power increased to 100kW, at 207kHz.[5]

Since 1999, longwave broadcasts were a mix of Rás 1 and Rás 2 content. The longwave transmissions were intended to fill gaps in the FM coverage, serve the Icelandic fishing fleet and serve as an back up during emergencies.[6]

RÚV began the retirement of its longwave transmissions in 2023, citing its inadequacy as a backup service as most vehicles and radios do not support longwave broadcasts anymore.[7] In 2023, the Eiðar longwave transmitter was demolished, ceasing 207kHz transmissions. [8][9] The Hellissandur transmitter would later end broadcasts in October 2024, marking the end of longwave broadcasts in Iceland although the mast remained in place.[6]

Shortwave and medium-wave broadcasting

[edit]

Shortwave broadcasts were used for long distance transmission, mostly for seafarers and Icelanders abroad. They were used intermittently for important broadcasts. Shortwave broadcasts ceased on 1 July 2007, after the introduction of satellite broadcasts.[10] Smaller medium-wave repeaters were previously operated for areas which were poorly served by the longwave service.[5]

FM broadcasting

[edit]

FM broadcasting began in 1959 at its main Vatnsendi site, later expanding nationwide. Stereo transmissions began in 1980.[5] In 1983 RÚV's second radio station was launched, Rás 2. The original station was then renamed Rás 1. In 2023, as a result of LW transmissions retiring, RÚV committed to expanding the FM network further.[11][4]

In 2004, RÚV launched a non-talk, automated classical and jazz radio station called Rondó, based on the word rondo. In 2020, Rondó was discontinued on FM (due to the closure of Vatnsendi site) but continued on DVB and on the internet.[12]

Television

[edit]
RÚV TV transmission network in 1981.

RÚV commenced television transmissions in 1966, and colour transmissions began in 1977. In 1981, the first live satellite programmes were broadcast, from the then-newly inaugurated satellite ground station Skyggnir.[4]

Since 1986, the year in which its monopoly as the only permitted domestic broadcaster ended, RÚV has faced competition from a number of private broadcasting companies, most notably the 365 corporation.

RÚV's teletext service, Textavarpið, was inaugurated on the 25th anniversary of Icelandic television in 1991. As of 2023 it is still operating.[13]

In May 2007, RÚV began direct satellite TV broadcasts over DVB-S from Intelsat 10-02 satellite with a frequency of 11182 V 3100 7/8, supplemented by Rás 1 and Rás 2 over DTV radio. This was later moved to the Thor 5 satellite, in order to service fishing fleets around Iceland and remote areas where the terrestrial network does not reach. Telenor ASA ran the service by contract until it ceased by the end of 2024, the service was encrypted and was only available on request.[14][15]

High definition digital television broadcasts in 1080i began in 2013, over a DVB-T2 network. Television was broadcast in analogue until the digital switchover in 2015, when the last analogue transmitter at Vatnsendi was switched off. The analogue transmissions used a network of 180 analogue transmitters.[16]

In 2021, television transmissions for the Reykjavík area were moved from Vatnsendi to Úlfarsfell, ending 70 years of broadcasting from the location.[17]

  • RÚV's original 1930 headquarters until 1959.
    RÚV's original 1930 headquarters until 1959.
  • RÚV logo used until 2011
    RÚV logo used until 2011

Programming

[edit]

RÚV is obliged by the terms of its charter to "promote the Icelandic language, Icelandic history, and Iceland's cultural heritage" and "honour basic democratic rules, human rights, and the freedom of speech and opinion".[18] It carries a substantial amount of arts, media, and current affairs programming, in addition to which it also supplies general entertainment in the form of feature films and such internationally popular television drama series as Lost and Desperate Housewives. RÚV's lineup also includes sports coverage, documentaries, domestically produced entertainment shows, and children's programming.

The RÚV newsroom, providing news for both television and radio, is amongst the most time-honoured and respected in Iceland. On weekdays, the Rás 2 radio network includes 35 minutes of regional opt-outs for local news coverage.

Gettu betur is a popular annual quiz tournament pitting teams from senior secondary schools around Iceland against each other in five rounds which are broadcast on radio and TV. Popular viewing also includes the Eurovision Song Contest, to which RÚV has sent participants on Iceland's behalf since 1986. In sports, RÚV traditionally carries live coverage of such major events as the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup, although it lost the right to broadcast the 2006 World Cup, having been outbid by commercial broadcaster 365 in 2002. It did, however, show the 2010 World Cup tournament.

Services

[edit]

RÚV broadcasts two linear television channels and three radio stations, each with a certain target market. In accordance with its duty as a public broadcasting service, Sjónvarpið, the television network, broadcasts a news bulletin in Icelandic Sign Language for the deaf and hard of hearing. In addition, the Rás 1 radio channel broadcasts detailed weather reports for the benefit of Icelandic seafarers and others.

Television channels

[edit]
RÚV 2 logo (2019)
  • RÚV Television (also known as Sjónvarpið) – main channel with generalist programming
  • RÚV 2 – part-time "special events" channel
  • KrakkaRÚV – an online service aimed at children and young people, launched in 2015[19]

Those who watch television on the internet outside Iceland can only watch selected programs on RÚV and RÚV 2 channels due to broadcasting rights.[20]

Radio stations

[edit]
Rondó logo (2019)

Distribution

[edit]

As of 2023, most of the population accesses RÚV through the internet. FM radio broadcasts remain popular however, 30% of Icelanders listen to Rás 1 and 61% listen to Rás 2 in a given week. This can be attributed to Iceland's high car ownership.[21][22]

Radio

[edit]

RÚV's radio stations, Rás 1 and Rás 2, are broadcast on FM through a network of 230 FM transmitters.[11] RÚV intends to strengthen its FM network over the coming years in light of their plan to closing their longwave services in 2024.[7]

The radio stations are also broadcast via terrestrial DTV radio on DVB-T2, as well as through internet radio. There are no plans to implement DAB radio in Iceland.[23]

Television

[edit]

The television network, RÚV and RÚV 2, is broadcast terrestrially in 1080i HD on a DVB-T2 network operated by Vodafone Iceland by contract until 2028. The broadcasts are free-to-air and reach 99.9% of the population. According to a 2022 survey, only 1% of the population uses terrestrial broadcasts to watch RÚV.[21]

Due to the prevalence of fiber internet connections in Iceland, the most popular way to view broadcasts is through the internet. RÚV is available through managed IPTV systems on Síminn and Vodafone. RÚV also offers all of its content on their website, as well as through OTT services. RÚV also offers an app for Apple TV, iOS, Android TV and Android. Webcasts are open and free when accessed from Iceland, however some programming is not available internationally due to licencing issues. It is possible to login using an Icelandic digital ID to have full access to broadcasts internationally.[24]

Share of distribution channels[21]
Distribution method Market share
Terrestrial broadcasts (DVB) 1%
IPTV set-top box (Síminn/Vodafone) 64%
OTT services (e.g. Apple TV app) 27%
Website 7%
Other 1%

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Vísir vinsælasti vefur landsins - Vísir". visir.is (in Icelandic). 19 February 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  2. ^ "Ársskýrsla 2016". RÚV | Ársskýrsla. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  3. ^ "Útvarpsgjald". Skatturinn - skattar og gjöld (in Icelandic). Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d "Langbylgjustöðin (Útvarpshúsið) á Vatnsendahæð – Ferlir" (in Icelandic). Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Icelandic Parliament. "Skýrsla" (PDF).
  6. ^ a b Magnúsdóttir, Margrét (17 October 2024). "Tilkynning um lokun langbylgju - RÚV.is". RÚV (in Icelandic). Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  7. ^ a b "Langbylgjan þagnar og kallað eftir ábendingum um hvar má bæta FM kerfi RÚV - RÚV.is". RÚV. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  8. ^ "Langbylgjan þagnar og kallað eftir ábendingum um hvar má bæta FM kerfi RÚV - RÚV.is". RÚV. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  9. ^ "Third largest structure in Iceland demolished - RÚV.is". RÚV. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  10. ^ "blaðið - 119. tölublað (29.06.2007) - Tímarit.is". timarit.is. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  11. ^ a b "Dreifikerfi RÚV - RÚV.is". RÚV. 6 November 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  12. ^ "Slökkt á útsendingum Rondó á FM í Reykjavík". RÚV (in Icelandic). 14 December 2020. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  13. ^ Háskólabókasafn, Landsbókasafn Íslands-. "Tímarit.is". timarit.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  14. ^ "Gervihnattadreifing". RÚV (in Icelandic). 21 April 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  15. ^ Kristjánsson, Alexander (5 June 2024). "RÚV hættir sjónvarpútsendingum um gervihnött - RÚV.is". RÚV. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  16. ^ "Slökkt á hliðrænu dreifikerfi RÚV á mánudag". www.mbl.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  17. ^ Kristjánsson, Alexander (23 August 2021). "Þarf að snúa loftnetum að Úlfarsfelli - RÚV.is" [People must turn their antennas towards Úlfarsfell]. RÚV (in Icelandic). Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  18. ^ RÚV's official website (English-language version)
  19. ^ https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/36084/1/BA-verkefni-%25C3%2581sthildur-Skemma.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  20. ^ "RÚV".
  21. ^ a b c Fjarskiptastofa/Maskina (1 May 2022). "Neytendakönnun á fjarskiptamarkaði".
  22. ^ "RÚV er mikilvægur þáttur í lífi landsmanna - RÚV.is". RÚV. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  23. ^ Fjarskiptastofa. "Úhlutun tíðnan fyrir hljóðvarp FM og DAB".
  24. ^ "Dreifikerfi". RÚV (in Icelandic). Retrieved 17 May 2021.
[edit]
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