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Coordinates: 26°00′N 89°15′E / 26.00°N 89.25°E / 26.00; 89.25
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{{Short description|District of Rangpur Division in Bangladesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Lalmonirhat
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Lalmonirhat District
| native_name = লালমনিরহাট
| native_name = লালমনিরহাট জেলা
| native_name_lang = bn
| native_name_lang = bn
| official_name =
| official_name =
| type = [[Districts of Bangladesh|District]] of [[Bangladesh]]
| type = [[Districts of Bangladesh|District of Bangladesh]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| image_skyline = {{Multiple image
| border = infobox
|size = 250
| total_width = 250
⚫
|photo1a = Lost Mosque (10).jpg
| caption_align = center
|photo1b = Entrance of Tin Bigha Corridor (01.03.2019) .jpg
| perrow = 1/2
|photo2a = Kakina Zamindar Bari (11).jpg
⚫
| image1 = Tista Barrage - panoramio (4).jpg
|photo2b = Angorpota, Dahagram Union, Patgram.jpg
| caption1 = Teesta Barrage
⚫
|photo3a = Tista Barrage - panoramio (4).jpg
| image2 = Tin Bigha Corridor (তিনবিঘা করিডর) 144.jpg
| caption2 = [[Tin Bigha Corridor]]
| image4 = Tista River (34824169324).jpg
| caption4 = Teesta Railway Bridge
⚫
| image3 = Lost Mosque (10).jpg
| caption3 = The Lost Mosque
}}
}}
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: Lost Mosque, [[Tin Bigha Corridor]], Field in Dahagram Union, Teesta Barrage, Kakina Zamindar Bari
| image_flag =
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_seal =
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| established_title =
| established_title =
| established_date = 1 February 1984
| established_date = 1 February 1984
| seat_type =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat =
| seat = [[Lalmonirhat]]
| leader_party =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_title =
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| blank_info_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
}}
}}
'''Lalmonirhat''' ({{langx|bn|লালমনিরহাট জেলা}}, ''Lalmonirhat Jela'' also ''Lalmonirhat Zila'') is a [[Districts of Bangladesh|District]], situated at the northern border of Bangladesh. It is a part of the [[Rangpur Division]].<ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite book
'''Lalmonirhat District''' ({{langx|bn|লালমনিরহাট জেলা}}) is a [[Districts of Bangladesh|District]], situated at the northern border of Bangladesh. It is a part of the [[Rangpur Division]].<ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite book
|author=Tanzimul Nayan
|author=Tanzimul Nayan
|chapter=Lalmonirhat District
|chapter=Lalmonirhat District
|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Lalmonirhat_District
|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Lalmonirhat_District
|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second}}</ref> Lalmonirhat mahakuma was established as a district on 1 February 1984. It lies north of Kochbihar and Jalpaiguri of [[West Bengal]], south of [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]], east of [[Kurigram District|Kurigram]] and Kochbihar and west of Rangpur and [[Nilphamari District]]. The international border line of Lalmonirhat district is 281.6&nbsp;km long.
|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second}}</ref> Lalmonirhat mahakuma was established as a district on 1 February 1984. To the north of Lalmonirhat lie [[Cooch Behar district|Cooch Behar]] and [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri]] districts of [[West Bengal]]; to the south lies [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]], to the east lie [[Kurigram District|Kurigram]] and Cooch Behar; and to the west of lie Rangpur and [[Nilphamari District]]. The international border line of Lalmonirhat district is 281.6&nbsp;km long.


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
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== History ==
== History ==
Lalmonirhat emerged as a district from mahakuma by the inauguration of then gender and social welfare minister of Bangladesh government Dr. Shafia Khatun on 1 February 1984. After that Lalmonirhat sadar thana was established as a upazila on 18 March 1984. As a result, the number of upazilas in Lalmonirhat district becomes 5 which are Patgram, Hatibandha, Kaliganj, Aditmari and Lalmonirhat Sadar. In that time, Sinai, Rajarhat and Gharialdanga union was added to [[Kurigram District]] and the number of union of Lalmonirhat district and municipalities becomes 41 and 1 respectively. Alongside the area of Lalmonirhat Sadar becomes 104 sq. miles. After 1985, Dahagram and Angarpota enclaves became a single union of Patgram upazila and then the total number of union becomes 42.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lalmonirhat.gov.bd/site/page/4b60a50a-18fd-11e7-9461-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF|title=District background|website=Bangladesh national portal}}</ref>
Lalmonirhat emerged as a district from mahakuma by the inauguration of then gender and social welfare minister of Bangladesh government Dr. Shafia Khatun on 1 February 1984. After that Lalmonirhat sadar thana was established as a upazila on 18 March 1984. As a result, the number of upazilas in Lalmonirhat district becomes 5 which are Patgram, Hatibandha, Kaliganj, Aditmari and Lalmonirhat Sadar. In that time, Sinai, Rajarhat and Gharialdanga union was added to [[Kurigram District]] and the number of union of Lalmonirhat district and municipalities becomes 41 and 1 respectively. Alongside the area of Lalmonirhat Sadar becomes 104 sq. miles. After 1985, Dahagram and Angarpota enclaves became a single union of Patgram upazila and then the total number of union becomes 42.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lalmonirhat.gov.bd/site/page/4b60a50a-18fd-11e7-9461-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF|title=District background|website=Bangladesh national portal}}</ref>

⚫
== Geography ==
⚫
Lalmonirhat is in the north of Bangladesh and lies in the Teesta floodplain, and largely consists of agricultural land. There are six rivers in Lalmonirhat district. [[Teesta River|Teesta]] is one of the main rivers in this district and forms the southwestern border of the district. The total length of Tista river is 315&nbsp;km, 115&nbsp;km of which is in Bangladesh. The total arable land is 98,875 hectares.<ref name="Lalmonirhat at a glance">{{Cite web |title=Lalmonirhat at a glance |url=http://www.lalmonirhat.gov.bd/site/page/4b60a92d-18fd-11e7-9461-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%20%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%20%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F |website=Bangladesh national portal}}</ref>


== Subdistricts ==
== Subdistricts ==
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* [[Lalmonirhat Sadar Upazila|Lalmonirhat Sadar]] has an area of 259.54&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It lies north of Kochbihar of India and Aditmari upazila of Kurigram district, south of Kaunia upazila of Rangpur district and Rajarhat upazila of Kurigram district, east of Phulbai and Rajarhat upazila of Kurigram district, west of Aditmari upazila of Lalmonirhat district and Gangachara upazila of Rangpur district.
* [[Lalmonirhat Sadar Upazila|Lalmonirhat Sadar]] has an area of 259.54&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It lies north of Kochbihar of India and Aditmari upazila of Kurigram district, south of Kaunia upazila of Rangpur district and Rajarhat upazila of Kurigram district, east of Phulbai and Rajarhat upazila of Kurigram district, west of Aditmari upazila of Lalmonirhat district and Gangachara upazila of Rangpur district.
* [[Aditmari Upazila|Aditmari]] has an area of 190.03&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It lies north of Kochbihar district of India, south of Gangachar upazila of Rangpur district, east of Lalmonirhat Sadar upazila, west of Kaliganj upazila.
* [[Aditmari Upazila|Aditmari]] has an area of 190.03&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It lies north of Kochbihar district of India, south of Gangachara upazila of Rangpur district, east of Lalmonirhat Sadar upazila, west of Kaliganj upazila.
* [[Kaliganj Upazila, Lalmonirhat|Kaliganj]] has an area of 236.96&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It lies north of Kochbihar district of India and Hatibandha upazila of Lalmonirhat, south of Gangachara upazila of Rangpur and Kishorganj upazila of Nilphamari district, east of Aditmari upazila, west of Jaldhaka upazila of Nilphamari district.
* [[Kaliganj Upazila, Lalmonirhat|Kaliganj]] has an area of 236.96&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It lies north of Kochbihar district of India and Hatibandha upazila of Lalmonirhat, south of Gangachara upazila of Rangpur and Kishorganj upazila of Nilphamari district, east of Aditmari upazila, west of Jaldhaka upazila of Nilphamari district.
* [[Hatibandha Upazila|Hatibandha]] has an area of 288.42&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It lies north of Kochbihar district of India and Patgram upazila of Lalmonirhat, south of Kaliganj upazila, east of Kochbihar district of India, west of Dimla and Jaldhaka upazila of Nilphamari.
* [[Hatibandha Upazila|Hatibandha]] has an area of 288.42&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. It lies north of Kochbihar district of India and Patgram upazila of Lalmonirhat, south of Kaliganj upazila, east of Kochbihar district of India, west of Dimla and Jaldhaka upazila of Nilphamari.
* [[Patgram Upazila|Patgram]] has an area of 261.51. It lies north, east and west of Kochbihar district of India and Hatibandha upazila.
* [[Patgram Upazila|Patgram]] has an area of 261.51. It lies north, east and west of Kochbihar district of India and Hatibandha upazila.

⚫
== Geography ==
⚫
Lalmonirhat is in the north of Bangladesh. There are six rivers in Lalmonirhat district. [[Teesta River|Teesta]] is one of the main rivers in this district. The total length of Tista river is 315&nbsp;km, 115&nbsp;km of which is in Bangladesh. The total arable land is 98,875 hectares.<ref name="Lalmonirhat at a glance">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lalmonirhat.gov.bd/site/page/4b60a92d-18fd-11e7-9461-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%20%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%20%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F|title=Lalmonirhat at a glance|website=Bangladesh national portal}}</ref>


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations
{{Historical populations
|align=left
|align=center
|percentages=pagr
|percentages=pagr
|1974 |628089
|1974 |628089
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|2011 |1256099
|2011 |1256099
|2022 |1428406
|2022 |1428406
|footnote= Sources:<ref name="2022census-prelim" /><ref name="census2011">{{cite web |url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_Lalmonirhat.pdf|title=Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Lalmonirhat|website=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>
|footnote= Sources:<ref name="2022census-prelim" /><ref name="census2011">{{cite web |url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_Lalmonirhat.pdf|title=Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Lalmonirhat|website=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref><ref name="2022census"/>
}}
}}
According to the [[2022 Census of Bangladesh]], Lalmonirhat District had 342,039 households and a population of 1,428,406, 20.4% of whom lived in urban areas. The population density was 1,145 people per km<sup>2</sup>. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 71.2%, compared to the national average of 74.7%.<ref name="2022census-prelim">{{Cite book |title=Population and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Vhn2t_PbEzo5-NDGBeoFJq4XCoSzOVKg/view |date=August 2022 |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |pages=viii, 28, 30, 39, 44, 46 |isbn=978-984-35-2977-0}}</ref>
According to the [[2022 Census of Bangladesh]], Lalmonirhat District had 342,028 households and a population of 1,428,406, of whom, 20.42% of the inhabitants lived in urban areas. 18.43% of the population was under 10 years of age. The population density was 1,145 people per km<sup>2</sup>. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 71.30%, compared to the national average of 74.80% and the sex ratio was 100.09 males per 100 females. The ethnic population was 118.<ref name="2022census-prelim">{{Cite book |title=Population and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Vhn2t_PbEzo5-NDGBeoFJq4XCoSzOVKg/view |date=August 2022 |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |pages=viii, 28, 30, 39, 44, 46 |isbn=978-984-35-2977-0}}</ref><ref name="2022census"/>


{{bar box
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Lalmonirhat district (2022)<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report |url=https://sid.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/sid.portal.gov.bd/publications/01ad1ffe_cfef_4811_af97_594b6c64d7c3/PHC_Preliminary_Report_(English)_August_2022.pdf |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |page=37 |date=August 2022 |access-date=25 September 2024}}</ref>
|title=Religions in Lalmonirhat District (2022)<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report |url=https://sid.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/sid.portal.gov.bd/publications/01ad1ffe_cfef_4811_af97_594b6c64d7c3/PHC_Preliminary_Report_(English)_August_2022.pdf |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |page=37 |date=August 2022 |access-date=25 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="2022census"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|left1=Religion
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|float=left
|float=left
|bars=
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Bangladesh|Muslim]]|green|86.95}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Bangladesh|Islam]]|green|86.98}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Bangladesh|Hindus]]|darkorange| 12.96}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Bangladesh|Hinduism]]|darkorange| 12.97}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians]] and Others|black|0.04}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.05}}
}}
}}


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Religion in present-day Lalmonirhat district{{Efn|Lalmonirhat, Kaliganj and Hatibandha thanas of Rangpur district and Patgram thana of Jalpaiguri district}}
|+Religion in present-day Lalmonirhat District
!Religion
! rowspan="2" |Religion
!Population (1941)<ref name="1941religion">{{cite web |title=Census of Inda0, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/37365/GIPE-020591.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref>{{rp|92–93}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="1941religion">{{cite web |title=Census of Inda0, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/37365/GIPE-020591.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref>{{rp|92–93}}{{Efn|1941 figures are for Lalmonirhat, Kaliganj and Hatibandha thanas of erstwhile Rangpur district and Patgram thana of erstwhile Jalpaiguri district. District and thana borders have shifted slightly since.}}
! colspan="2" |1981<ref name="census2011" />
!Percentage (1941)
!Population (2011)<ref name="census2011"/>
! colspan="2" |1981<ref name="census2011" />
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="census2011" />
!Percentage (2011)
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="census2011" />
! colspan="2" |2022<ref name="2022census">{{Cite book |url=http://nsds.bbs.gov.bd/storage/files/1/Publications/PHCensus/Rangpur/District%20Report%20Lalmonirhat.pdf |title=Population and Housing Census 2022 - District Report: Lalmonirhat |date=June 2024 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-984-475-253-5 |series= District Series |location=Dhaka |pages=}}</ref>
|-
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
|-
|-
|[[Islam in Bangladesh|Islam]] [[File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|15x15px]]
|[[Islam in Bangladesh|Islam]] [[File:Star_and_Crescent.svg|15x15px]]
|167,158
|188,631
|46.88%
|52.90%
|633,073
|82.61%
|792,843
|83.15%
|941,186
|84.84%
|1,080,512
|1,080,512
|81.02%
|86.02%
|1,242,388
|86.98%
|-
|-
|[[Hinduism in Bangladesh|Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|16x16px]]
|[[Hinduism in Bangladesh|Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|16x16px]]
|188,631
|167,158
|52.90%
|46.88%
|240,558
|132,023
|16.90%
|17.23%
|157,149
|16.48%
|166,720
|15.03%
|174,558
|13.90%
|185,322
|12.97%
|-
|-
|Others {{efn|Including [[Jainism]], [[Christianity]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Ad-Dharmi]]s, or not stated}}
|Others {{efn|Including [[Jainism]], [[Christianity]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Ad-Dharmi]]s, or not stated}}
|777
|777
|0.22%
|0.22%
|11,029
|1,211
|2.08%
|0.16%
|3,468
|0.37%
|1,437
|0.13%
|1,029
|0.08%
|696
|0.05%
|-
|-
|'''Total Population'''
!Total Population
|'''356,566'''
!356,566
|'''100%'''
!100%
!766,307
|'''1,376,099'''
|'''100%'''
!100%
!953,460
!100%
!1,109,343
!100%
!1,256,099
!100%
!1,428,406
!100%
|}
|}


During partition Hindus were half of the districts population (52%), mainly Lower Schedule Caste Section. After partition of Pakistan period maximum Hindus migrate towards India. Now Muslim make up 86.95% of the population, while Hindus are 12.96% of the population. <ref>{{cite web |title=Population and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report |url=https://sid.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/sid.portal.gov.bd/publications/01ad1ffe_cfef_4811_af97_594b6c64d7c3/PHC_Preliminary_Report_(English)_August_2022.pdf |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |page=37 |date=August 2022 |access-date=25 September 2024}}</ref>
Muslims make up 86.98% of the population, while Hindus are 12.97% of the population. There is a small population of 630 Christians, mainly in Lalmonirhat town.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report |url=https://sid.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/sid.portal.gov.bd/publications/01ad1ffe_cfef_4811_af97_594b6c64d7c3/PHC_Preliminary_Report_(English)_August_2022.pdf |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |page=37 |date=August 2022 |access-date=25 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="2022census"/>


The dialect of the region is [[Rangpuri language|Rangpuria]].
The dialect of the region is [[Rangpuri language|Rangpuria]].
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Agriculture is the major income source. 72.78% of people are farmers, 10.49% are businessmen, 3.46% are labourers, and 4.45% are employees.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://bbs.gov.bd/|title=BBS|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
Agriculture is the major income source. 72.78% of people are farmers, 10.49% are businessmen, 3.46% are labourers, and 4.45% are employees.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://bbs.gov.bd/|title=BBS|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>


== Notable residents ==
== Notable people ==
* [[Sheikh Fazlul Karim]], poet, born on 14 April 1883 in Kakina village in Kaliganj thana<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lalmonirhat.gov.bd/site/page/99cd2a21-18fd-11e7-9461-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC|title=Notable residents of Lalmonirhat|website=Bangladesh national portal}}</ref>
* [[Sheikh Fazlul Karim]], Bangladeshi poet<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lalmonirhat.gov.bd/site/page/99cd2a21-18fd-11e7-9461-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC|title=Notable residents of Lalmonirhat|website=Bangladesh national portal}}</ref>


== Notes ==
== Notes ==

Latest revision as of 08:21, 5 January 2025

Lalmonirhat District
লালমনিরহাট জেলা
District of Bangladesh
Teesta Barrage
Tin Bigha Corridor
The Lost Mosque
Teesta Railway Bridge
Location of Lalmonirhat District in Bangladesh
Location of Lalmonirhat District in Bangladesh
Map
Expandable map of Lalmonirhat District
Coordinates: 26°00′N 89°15′E / 26.00°N 89.25°E / 26.00; 89.25
Country Bangladesh
DivisionRangpur Division
HeadquartersLalmonirhat
Area
 • Total
1,247.37 km2 (481.61 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • Total
1,428,406
 • Density1,100/km2 (3,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+06:00 (BST)
Postal code
5500
Area code0591
ISO 3166 codeBD-32

Lalmonirhat District (Bengali: লালমনিরহাট জেলা) is a District, situated at the northern border of Bangladesh. It is a part of the Rangpur Division.[2] Lalmonirhat mahakuma was established as a district on 1 February 1984. To the north of Lalmonirhat lie Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri districts of West Bengal; to the south lies Rangpur, to the east lie Kurigram and Cooch Behar; and to the west of lie Rangpur and Nilphamari District. The international border line of Lalmonirhat district is 281.6 km long.

Etymology

[edit]

At the end of 19th century, the workers of the Bengal Duras Railway (BDR) while digging the mud for the installation of rail line, found a red color stone and since then, the place was recognized as Lalmoni. Whereas some legendary opinions that the railway which acquire the land owned by a lady named Lalmoni for which people kept the place after her name as the recognition of her contribution of land for the rail line. Others are of the opinion that in 1783, a woman named Lalmoni along with peasant leader, Nuruldin fought against the English soldiers and land lords for the cause to establish the interest of general peasants and laid down her life against the atrocity of the rulers. The place was named as the Lalmoni as the sign of respect. The word "hat" became adhered to her name in the course of time.[3]

History

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Lalmonirhat emerged as a district from mahakuma by the inauguration of then gender and social welfare minister of Bangladesh government Dr. Shafia Khatun on 1 February 1984. After that Lalmonirhat sadar thana was established as a upazila on 18 March 1984. As a result, the number of upazilas in Lalmonirhat district becomes 5 which are Patgram, Hatibandha, Kaliganj, Aditmari and Lalmonirhat Sadar. In that time, Sinai, Rajarhat and Gharialdanga union was added to Kurigram District and the number of union of Lalmonirhat district and municipalities becomes 41 and 1 respectively. Alongside the area of Lalmonirhat Sadar becomes 104 sq. miles. After 1985, Dahagram and Angarpota enclaves became a single union of Patgram upazila and then the total number of union becomes 42.[4]

Geography

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Lalmonirhat is in the north of Bangladesh and lies in the Teesta floodplain, and largely consists of agricultural land. There are six rivers in Lalmonirhat district. Teesta is one of the main rivers in this district and forms the southwestern border of the district. The total length of Tista river is 315 km, 115 km of which is in Bangladesh. The total arable land is 98,875 hectares.[5]

Subdistricts

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There are 5 upazilas, 5 thanas, 45 unions, 354 mouzas and 478 villages in Lalmonirhat.[6] The upazilas are:

  • Lalmonirhat Sadar has an area of 259.54 km2. It lies north of Kochbihar of India and Aditmari upazila of Kurigram district, south of Kaunia upazila of Rangpur district and Rajarhat upazila of Kurigram district, east of Phulbai and Rajarhat upazila of Kurigram district, west of Aditmari upazila of Lalmonirhat district and Gangachara upazila of Rangpur district.
  • Aditmari has an area of 190.03 km2. It lies north of Kochbihar district of India, south of Gangachara upazila of Rangpur district, east of Lalmonirhat Sadar upazila, west of Kaliganj upazila.
  • Kaliganj has an area of 236.96 km2. It lies north of Kochbihar district of India and Hatibandha upazila of Lalmonirhat, south of Gangachara upazila of Rangpur and Kishorganj upazila of Nilphamari district, east of Aditmari upazila, west of Jaldhaka upazila of Nilphamari district.
  • Hatibandha has an area of 288.42 km2. It lies north of Kochbihar district of India and Patgram upazila of Lalmonirhat, south of Kaliganj upazila, east of Kochbihar district of India, west of Dimla and Jaldhaka upazila of Nilphamari.
  • Patgram has an area of 261.51. It lies north, east and west of Kochbihar district of India and Hatibandha upazila.

Demographics

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1974 628,089—    
1981 766,307+2.88%
1991 953,460+2.21%
2001 1,109,343+1.53%
2011 1,256,099+1.25%
2022 1,428,406+1.18%
Sources:[1][7][8]

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Lalmonirhat District had 342,028 households and a population of 1,428,406, of whom, 20.42% of the inhabitants lived in urban areas. 18.43% of the population was under 10 years of age. The population density was 1,145 people per km2. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 71.30%, compared to the national average of 74.80% and the sex ratio was 100.09 males per 100 females. The ethnic population was 118.[1][8]

Religions in Lalmonirhat District (2022)[9][8]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
 86.98%
Hinduism
 
 12.97%
Other or not stated
 
 0.05%
Religion in present-day Lalmonirhat District
Religion 1941[10]: 92–93 [a] 1981[7] 1981[7] 2001[7] 2011[7] 2022[8]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 188,631 52.90% 633,073 82.61% 792,843 83.15% 941,186 84.84% 1,080,512 86.02% 1,242,388 86.98%
Hinduism 167,158 46.88% 132,023 17.23% 157,149 16.48% 166,720 15.03% 174,558 13.90% 185,322 12.97%
Others [b] 777 0.22% 1,211 0.16% 3,468 0.37% 1,437 0.13% 1,029 0.08% 696 0.05%
Total Population 356,566 100% 766,307 100% 953,460 100% 1,109,343 100% 1,256,099 100% 1,428,406 100%

Muslims make up 86.98% of the population, while Hindus are 12.97% of the population. There is a small population of 630 Christians, mainly in Lalmonirhat town.[11][8]

The dialect of the region is Rangpuria.

Education

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Lalmonirhat has 2 colleges, 212 secondary schools, 754 primary schools, 85 madrasas, 3 polytechnical institutes, 1 textile institute and 1 technical school and college. Lalmonirhat is one of the seven illiteracy-free districts in Bangladesh.[12] The literacy rate of Lalmonirhat is 65%.[5]

Economy

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Agriculture is the major income source. 72.78% of people are farmers, 10.49% are businessmen, 3.46% are labourers, and 4.45% are employees.[12]

Notable people

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Notes

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  1. ^ 1941 figures are for Lalmonirhat, Kaliganj and Hatibandha thanas of erstwhile Rangpur district and Patgram thana of erstwhile Jalpaiguri district. District and thana borders have shifted slightly since.
  2. ^ Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated

References

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  1. ^ a b c Population and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. August 2022. pp. viii, 28, 30, 39, 44, 46. ISBN 978-984-35-2977-0.
  2. ^ Tanzimul Nayan (2012). "Lalmonirhat District". In Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  3. ^ "Stories (লালমনিরহাট জেলার নামকরণ)". BAngladesh national portal.
  4. ^ "District background". Bangladesh national portal.
  5. ^ a b "Lalmonirhat at a glance". Bangladesh national portal.
  6. ^ "Geographical introduction of Lalmonirhat". Bangladesh national portal.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Lalmonirhat" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
  8. ^ a b c d e Population and Housing Census 2022 - District Report: Lalmonirhat (PDF). District Series. Dhaka: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. June 2024. ISBN 978-984-475-253-5.
  9. ^ "Population and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. August 2022. p. 37. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  10. ^ "Census of Inda0, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province" (PDF). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  11. ^ "Population and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. August 2022. p. 37. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  12. ^ a b "BBS".
  13. ^ "Notable residents of Lalmonirhat". Bangladesh national portal.
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