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Coordinates: 34°31′07″N 135°50′36″E / 34.51861°N 135.84333°E / 34.51861; 135.84333
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{{redirect|Sakurai|the surname|Sakurai (surname)}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = Sakurai
| name = Sakurai
| native_name = 桜井市
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ja|桜井市}}}}
| native_name_lang = ja
| native_name_lang = ja
| settlement_type = City
| settlement_type = [[Cities of Japan|City]]
| image_skyline = Oomiwa.jpg
| image_skyline = Sakurai Montage.jpg
| image_caption = View of Omiwa Shrine, one of sightseeing spot in Sakurai
| image_caption = '''Top''':A panorama view of [[Mount Miwa]] and [[Yamato River]], '''Second''':[[Ōmiwa Shrine]],
A heritage site of [[Hashihaka Kofun|Hashihaka Tomb]], '''Bottom''':[[Hase-dera|Hase Temple]], Tanzan Shrine (all item from left to right)
| image_map = Sakurai in Nara Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_caption = <small>Location of Sakurai in [[Nara Prefecture|Nara]]</small>
| image_flag = Flag of Sakurai, Nara.svg
| image_blank_emblem = Emblem of Sakurai, Nara.svg
| blank_emblem_type = Emblem
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=265|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=10}}
| image_map1 = Sakurai in Nara Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_caption1 = Location of Sakurai in Nara Prefecture
| pushpin_map = Japan
| pushpin_map = Japan
| pushpin_map_caption = &nbsp;
| pushpin_map_caption = &nbsp;
| coordinates = {{coord|34|31|07|N|135|50|36|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| latd=34 | latm=31 | lats= | latNS=N
| subdivision_type = Country
| longd=135 | longm=51 | longs= | longEW= E
| coordinates_region = JP
| subdivision_name = Japan
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[Japan]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kansai region|Kansai]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kansai region|Kansai]]
Line 24: Line 25:
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Akira Hasegawa
| leader_name = Akira Hasegawa
| area_total_km2 = 98.92
| area_total_km2 = 98.91
| population_total = 60,705
| population_total = 54,384
| population_as_of = December 28, 2011
| population_as_of = October 31, 2024
| population_density_km2 = 613.68
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time]]
| timezone1 = [[Japan Standard Time]]
| utc_offset1 = +9
| utc_offset1 = +9
| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Japan|Postal code(s)]]
| postal_code = 633-8585
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1 = City symbols
| established_title =
| blank1_name_sec1 = - Tree
| established_date =
| established_title2 = Village established
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Cryptomeria]]
| established_date2 = April 1, 1889
| blank2_name_sec1 = - Flower
| established_title3 = Town established
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Prunus jamasakura]]
| established_date3 = November 18, 1890
| blank_name_sec2 = Phone&nbsp;number
| established_title4 = City established
| blank_info_sec2 = 0744-42-9111
| established_date4 = September 1, 1956
| blank1_name_sec2 = Address
| blank1_info_sec2 = 432-1 Ōaza Ōdono<br>633-8585
| blank_name_sec1 = Phone&nbsp;number
| blank_info_sec1 = 0744-42-9111
| website = [http://www.city.sakurai.nara.jp/ City of Sakurai]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Address
}}
| blank1_info_sec1 = 432-1, Odono, Sakurai-shi, Nara-ken 633-8585
{{Nihongo|'''Sakurai'''|桜井市|Sakurai-shi}} is a [[cities of Japan|city]] in [[Nara Prefecture|Nara]], [[Japan]].
| website = {{Official|1=www.city.sakurai.lg.jp}}
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
| tree = [[Cryptomeria]]
| flower =[[Prunus jamasakura]]
| bird =
| butterfly =
| fish =
}}}}
[[file:Sakurai city-office.jpg|right|thumb|270px|Sakurai City Hall]]
{{nihongo|'''Sakurai'''|桜井市|Sakurai-shi}} is a city located in [[Nara Prefecture]], Japan. {{As of |2024|08|31}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 54,384 in 25678 households, and a [[population density]] of 550 persons per km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="Sakurai-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.sakurai.lg.jp/index.html|title= Sakurai City official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{cvt|98.91|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.city.sakurai.lg.jp/ikkrwebBrowse/material/files/group/28/003.pdf | title= 面積および地勢|publisher= Sakurai City|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 23 April 2017}}</ref>


==Geography==
As of December 28, 2011, the city had an estimated [[population]] of 60,705, and 23,947 [[Household|households]] with a [[population density|density]] of 613.68 persons per km². The total area is 98.92 km².
Sakurai is located in central Nara Prefecture. The western and northern parts of the city are located southeast of the [[Nara Basin]], and are relatively flat rural areas with the Terakawa and Hatsusegawa (Yamatogawa) rivers flowing through them. The urban area is centered around Sakurai Station and Miwa Station, and along National Route 165. The Ryumon Mountains cover the southern and eastern parts of the city,

===Neighboring municipalities===
[[Nara Prefecture]]
* [[Nara, Nara|Nara]]
* [[Kashihara, Nara|Kashihara]]
* [[Tenri, Nara|Tenri]]
* [[Uda, Nara|Uda]]
* [[Tawaramoto, Nara|Tawaramoto]]
* [[Asuka, Nara|Asuka]]
* [[Yoshino, Nara|Yoshino]]

===Climate===
Sakurai has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Sakurai is 14.2&nbsp;°C. The average annual rainfall is 1636&nbsp;mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.4&nbsp;°C, and lowest in January, at around 2.7&nbsp;°C.<ref>[https://en.climate-data.org/asia/japan/nara-prefecture/sakurai-986278/ Sakurai climate: Average Temperature, weather by month]</ref>

===Demographics===
Per Japanese census data, the population of Sakurai is as shown below

{{Historical populations
| 1960 | 47752
| 1970 | 52,081
| 1980 | 56,439
| 1990 | 60,262
| 2000 | 63,248
| 2010 | 60,146
| 2020 | 54,857
|align = none
| footnote =
}}


==History==
==History==
Sakurai was briefly the [[capital of Japan]] during the reign of [[Emperor Yūryaku]].<ref>[[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]]. (1915). ''The Imperial Family of Japan,'' p. 13.</ref> The life of the Imperial court was centered at ''Hatsuse no Asakura'' Palace where the emperor lived in 457–479.<ref name="koch">Koch, W. (1904). [http://books.google.com/books?id=LZkCAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA13&dq=Hirotaka++no+miya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qvShT_XcKMHZgQeghIHkCA&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Hirotaka%20%20no%20miya&f=false ''Japan; Geschichte nach japanischen Quellen und ethnographische Skizzen. Mit einem Stammbaum des Kaisers von Japan,'' p. 13].</ref> Other emperors also built palaces in the area, including
Sakurai is part of ancient [[Yamato Province]]. Fragments of pottery from the Jomon and Yayoi periods can be found in ordinary fields, indicating that the area has been settled for many thousands of years. Many ancient [[burial mound]]s, such as [[zenpokoenfun]] from the [[Kofun period]]s, indicate that this was central region of the Yamato dynasty, and its predecessor, the Miwa dynasty. It was briefly the [[capital of Japan]] during the reign of [[Emperor Yūryaku]].<ref>[[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]]. (1915). ''The Imperial Family of Japan,'' p. 13.</ref> The life of the Imperial court was centered at ''Hatsuse no Asakura'' Palace where the emperor lived in 457–479.<ref name="koch">Koch, W. (1904). [https://books.google.com/books?id=LZkCAAAAMAAJ&dq=Hirotaka++no+miya&pg=PA13 ''Japan; Geschichte nach japanischen Quellen und ethnographische Skizzen. Mit einem Stammbaum des Kaisers von Japan,'' p. 13].</ref> Other emperors also built palaces in the area, including

* ''Iware no Mikakuri'' Palace, 480–484<ref name="koch"/> in reign of [[Emperor Seinei]]<ref name="ponsonby14">Ponsonby-Fane, p. 14; excerpt, "Mikaguri Palace"</ref>
* ''Iware no Mikakuri'' Palace, 480–484<ref name="koch"/> in reign of [[Emperor Seinei]]<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 14; excerpt, "Mikaguri Palace"</ref>
* ''Nimiki'' Palace, 499–506 in reign of [[Emperor Buretsu]]<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 15.</ref>
* ''Iware no Tamaho'' Palace, 526–532<ref name="koch"/> in reign of [[Emperor Keitai]]<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 16.</ref>
* ''Iware no Tamaho'' Palace, 526–532<ref name="koch"/> in reign of [[Emperor Keitai]]<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 16.</ref>
* ''Hinokuma no Iorino'' Palace, 535-539<ref name="koch"/> in reign of [[Emperor Senka]]<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 17.</ref>
* ''Hinokuma no Iorino'' Palace, 535-539<ref name="koch"/> in reign of [[Emperor Senka]]<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 17.</ref>
* ''Osata no Sakitama'' Palace or ''Osada no Miya'', 572–585<ref>[[Delmer M. Brown|Brown, Delmer]]. (1979). [http://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA262&dq= ''Gukanshō,'' pp. 262-263]; excerpt, "... palace was Osada no Miya of Iware in the province of Yamato."</ref> in reign of [[Emperor Bidatsu]]<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 18.</ref>
* ''Osata no Sakitama'' Palace or ''Osada no Miya'', 572–585<ref>[[Delmer M. Brown|Brown, Delmer]]. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA262 ''Gukanshō,'' pp. 262-263]; excerpt, "... palace was Osada no Miya of Iware in the province of Yamato."</ref> in reign of [[Emperor Bidatsu]]<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 18.</ref>
The modern city was founded on September 1, 1956.


The village of Sakurai was established on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. It was raised to town status on November 1, 1890. Sakurai annexed the villages of Jojima in 1942 and Abe, Tonomine and Asakura in 1954. On September 1, 1956 Sakurai annexed Daifuku and Kaguyama and was raised to city status.

==Government==
Sakurai has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 16 members. Sakurai contributes two members to the Nara Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the [[Nara 3rd district]] of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].

== Economy ==
As it is a distribution center for lumber from all over Nara Prefecture, the lumber industry is thriving, and lumber is actively promoted through exhibitions of wood products and wood workshops. Agriculture is also important to the local economy and the area is also famous as a [[mandarin orange]] production area.

==Education==
Sakurai has 11 public elementary schools and four public junior high schools operated by the city government and two public high schools operated by the Nara Prefectural Board of Education.

==Transportation==
===Railways===
[[File:JR logo (west).svg|frameless|20x20px]] [[West Japan Railway Company|JR West]] - [[Sakurai Line]] (Manyō-Mahoroba Line)
:{{rcb|JR West|Sakurai|route}} {{STN|Makimuku|x}} - {{STN|Miwa|x}} - {{STN|Sakurai|x|Nara}}
[[file:KintetsuLogo.svg|20px]] [[Kintetsu Railway]] - [[Osaka Line]]
:[[file:KT number-D.svg|16px]] {{STN|Sakurai|x|Nara}} - {{STN|Yamato-Asakura|x}} - {{STN|Hasedera|x}}

=== Highways ===
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|165}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|166}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|169}}

==Sister cities==
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kumano, Mie]], Japan
*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Taisha, Shimane]], Japan
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Chartres]], France

==Local attractions==
Sakurai is home to [[Ōmiwa Shrine]], traditionally considered one of the oldest [[Shinto]] shrines in Japan dedicated to the god of [[sake]]. Sake dealers across Japan often hang a wooden [[sugi]] ball, made at Ōmiwa Shrine, as a [[Amulet|talisman]] to the god of sake. It was featured in [[Yukio Mishima]]'s novel ''[[Runaway Horses]]''.
Sakurai is home to [[Ōmiwa Shrine]], traditionally considered one of the oldest [[Shinto]] shrines in Japan dedicated to the god of [[sake]]. Sake dealers across Japan often hang a wooden [[sugi]] ball, made at Ōmiwa Shrine, as a [[Amulet|talisman]] to the god of sake. It was featured in [[Yukio Mishima]]'s novel ''[[Runaway Horses]]''.


== Famous places ==
== Famous places ==
*[[Buddhist temples in Japan|Buddhist temples]]
*[[Buddhist temples in Japan|Buddhist temples]]
** Miwasanbyōdō-ji
** [[Hasedera|Hase-dera]]
** Asuka-dera
** Tachibana-dera
** [[Abe Monju-in]]
** [[Abe Monju-in]]
** Asuka-dera
** [[Hasedera|Hase-dera]]
** Miwasanbyōdō-ji
** Seirin-ji
** Seirin-ji
** Tachibana-dera


*[[Shinto shrine]]s
*[[Shinto shrine]]s
** Kasayamakō Shrine
** [[Ōmiwa Shrine]]
** [[Ōmiwa Shrine]]
** [[Tanzan Shrine]]
** Kasayamakō Shrine
** Tamatsura Shrine
** Tamatsura Shrine
** [[Tanzan Shrine]]


*[[Monuments of Japan|National Historic Sites]]
==Sister cities==
**[[Yamada-dera]] ruins
==={{flagicon|Japan}} In Japan===
* [[Kumano, Mie]]
**[[Monju-in Nishi Kofun]]
* [[Taisha, Shimane]]
**[[Mesuriyama Kofun]]
**[[Ōbara-dera]] ruins

**[[Abe-dera]] ruins
===Outside Japan===
**[[Hanayamazuka Kofun]]
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Chartres]], [[France]].
**[[Chihara Ōbaka Kofun]]
**[[Kibi-ike temple ruins]]
**[[Sakurai Chausuyama Kofun]]
**[[Tamakiyama Kofun Cluster]]
**[[Tennōzan Kofun (Sakurai)|Tennōzan Kofun]]
**[[Makimuku Site]]
**[[Makimuku Kofun Cluster]]
**[[Kusabaka Kofun]]
**[[Hashihaka Kofun]]


== References ==
== References ==
Line 86: Line 162:


==External links ==
==External links ==
{{Commonscat-inline}}
{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{ja icon}} [http://www.city.sakurai.nara.jp/english/sakurai01.html Official website]
* {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020914050354/http://www.city.sakurai.nara.jp/ |title=Sakurai City official website (in Japanese) |date=2002-09-14}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020604191956/http://www.city.sakurai.nara.jp/english/sakurai01.html Sakurai City official website (in English)]

* {{osmrelation-inline|3237274}}
{{Nara Prefecture}}
{{Nara Prefecture}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Cities in Nara Prefecture]]
[[Category:Cities in Nara Prefecture]]
[[Category:Former capitals of Japan]]
[[Category:Former capitals of Japan]]
[[Category:Former national capitals|Japan]]
[[Category:Sakurai, Nara]]

{{Nara-geo-stub}}
{{Nara-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 17:04, 5 January 2025

Sakurai
桜井市
City
Top:A panorama view of Mount Miwa and Yamato River, Second:Ōmiwa Shrine, A heritage site of Hashihaka Tomb, Bottom:Hase Temple, Tanzan Shrine (all item from left to right)
Top:A panorama view of Mount Miwa and Yamato River, Second:Ōmiwa Shrine, A heritage site of Hashihaka Tomb, Bottom:Hase Temple, Tanzan Shrine (all item from left to right)
Flag of Sakurai
Flag
Official logo of Sakurai
Emblem
Map
Location of Sakurai in Nara Prefecture
Location of Sakurai in Nara Prefecture
Sakurai is located in Japan
Sakurai
Sakurai
 
Coordinates: 34°31′07″N 135°50′36″E / 34.51861°N 135.84333°E / 34.51861; 135.84333
CountryJapan
RegionKansai
PrefectureNara
Village establishedApril 1, 1889
Town establishedNovember 18, 1890
City establishedSeptember 1, 1956
Government
 • MayorAkira Hasegawa
Area
 • Total
98.91 km2 (38.19 sq mi)
Population
 (October 31, 2024)
 • Total
54,384
 • Density550/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
Phone number0744-42-9111
Address432-1, Odono, Sakurai-shi, Nara-ken 633-8585
WebsiteOfficial website
Symbols
FlowerPrunus jamasakura
TreeCryptomeria
Sakurai City Hall

Sakurai (桜井市, Sakurai-shi) is a city located in Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 August 2024, the city had an estimated population of 54,384 in 25678 households, and a population density of 550 persons per km2.[1] The total area of the city is 98.91 km2 (38.19 sq mi).[2]

Geography

[edit]

Sakurai is located in central Nara Prefecture. The western and northern parts of the city are located southeast of the Nara Basin, and are relatively flat rural areas with the Terakawa and Hatsusegawa (Yamatogawa) rivers flowing through them. The urban area is centered around Sakurai Station and Miwa Station, and along National Route 165. The Ryumon Mountains cover the southern and eastern parts of the city,

Neighboring municipalities

[edit]

Nara Prefecture

Climate

[edit]

Sakurai has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Sakurai is 14.2 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1636 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.4 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.7 °C.[3]

Demographics

[edit]

Per Japanese census data, the population of Sakurai is as shown below

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1960 47,752—    
1970 52,081+9.1%
1980 56,439+8.4%
1990 60,262+6.8%
2000 63,248+5.0%
2010 60,146−4.9%
2020 54,857−8.8%

History

[edit]

Sakurai is part of ancient Yamato Province. Fragments of pottery from the Jomon and Yayoi periods can be found in ordinary fields, indicating that the area has been settled for many thousands of years. Many ancient burial mounds, such as zenpokoenfun from the Kofun periods, indicate that this was central region of the Yamato dynasty, and its predecessor, the Miwa dynasty. It was briefly the capital of Japan during the reign of Emperor Yūryaku.[4] The life of the Imperial court was centered at Hatsuse no Asakura Palace where the emperor lived in 457–479.[5] Other emperors also built palaces in the area, including

The village of Sakurai was established on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. It was raised to town status on November 1, 1890. Sakurai annexed the villages of Jojima in 1942 and Abe, Tonomine and Asakura in 1954. On September 1, 1956 Sakurai annexed Daifuku and Kaguyama and was raised to city status.

Government

[edit]

Sakurai has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 16 members. Sakurai contributes two members to the Nara Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Nara 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy

[edit]

As it is a distribution center for lumber from all over Nara Prefecture, the lumber industry is thriving, and lumber is actively promoted through exhibitions of wood products and wood workshops. Agriculture is also important to the local economy and the area is also famous as a mandarin orange production area.

Education

[edit]

Sakurai has 11 public elementary schools and four public junior high schools operated by the city government and two public high schools operated by the Nara Prefectural Board of Education.

Transportation

[edit]

Railways

[edit]

JR West - Sakurai Line (Manyō-Mahoroba Line)

U Makimuku - Miwa - Sakurai

Kintetsu Railway - Osaka Line

Sakurai - Yamato-Asakura - Hasedera

Highways

[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]

Local attractions

[edit]

Sakurai is home to Ōmiwa Shrine, traditionally considered one of the oldest Shinto shrines in Japan dedicated to the god of sake. Sake dealers across Japan often hang a wooden sugi ball, made at Ōmiwa Shrine, as a talisman to the god of sake. It was featured in Yukio Mishima's novel Runaway Horses.

Famous places

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Sakurai City official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
  2. ^ "面積および地勢" (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan: Sakurai City. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  3. ^ Sakurai climate: Average Temperature, weather by month
  4. ^ Ponsonby-Fane. (1915). The Imperial Family of Japan, p. 13.
  5. ^ a b c d Koch, W. (1904). Japan; Geschichte nach japanischen Quellen und ethnographische Skizzen. Mit einem Stammbaum des Kaisers von Japan, p. 13.
  6. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 14; excerpt, "Mikaguri Palace"
  7. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 15.
  8. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 16.
  9. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 17.
  10. ^ Brown, Delmer. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 262-263; excerpt, "... palace was Osada no Miya of Iware in the province of Yamato."
  11. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 18.
[edit]

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