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{{Short description|Genus of plants}}
{{automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|image =Starr_030405-0246_Toona_ciliata.jpg
|image =Starr_030405-0246_Toona_ciliata.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Toona ciliata]]'' (Type species)
|image_caption = ''[[Toona ciliata]]'' (Type species)
|taxon = Toona
|taxon = Toona
|authority = ([[Stephan Endlicher|Endl.]]) [[Max Joseph Roemer|M.Roem.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?12192 |title=Genus: ''Toona'' (Endl.) M. Roem. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |date=1996-09-17 |accessdate=2011-04-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011141843/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?12192 |archivedate=2012-10-11 }}</ref>
|authority = ([[Stephan Endlicher|Endl.]]) [[Max Joseph Roemer|M.Roem.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?12192 |title=Genus: ''Toona'' (Endl.) M. Roem. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |date=1996-09-17 |access-date=2011-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011141843/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?12192 |archive-date=2012-10-11 }}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
|subdivision = See text
|synonyms =
|synonyms = ''Surenus'' <small>[[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small>
*''Fabrenia'' {{small|[[Francisco Noronha|Noronha]]}}
*''Surenus'' {{small|[[Georg Eberhard Rumphius|Rumph.]] ex [[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]}}
|synonyms_ref = {{R|POWO}}
}}
}}


'''''Toona''''', commonly known as '''redcedar''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=TOONA|taxon=Toona|accessdate=11 December 2015}}</ref> '''toon''' (also spelled '''tun''') or '''toona''', '''tooni'''(in India) is a [[genus]] in the mahogany family, [[Meliaceae]], native from [[Afghanistan]] south to [[India]], and east to [[North Korea]], [[Papua New Guinea]] and eastern [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite book |first=David |last=Mabberley |title=Mabberley's Plant-Book |edition=3 |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-521-82071-4 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=863}}</ref> In older texts, the genus was often incorporated within a wider circumscription of the related genus ''[[Cedrela]]'', but that genus is now restricted to species from the [[Americas]].
'''''Toona''''', commonly known as '''red cedar''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=TOONA|taxon=Toona|accessdate=11 December 2015}}</ref> '''toon''' (also spelled '''tun''') or '''toona''', '''tooni''' (in Nepal and India) is a [[genus]] in the mahogany family, [[Meliaceae]], native from [[Afghanistan]] south to [[India]], and east to [[North Korea]], [[Papua New Guinea]] and eastern [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite book |first=David |last=Mabberley |title=Mabberley's Plant-Book |edition=3 |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-521-82071-4 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=863}}</ref> In older texts, the genus was often incorporated within a wider circumscription of the related genus ''[[Cedrela]]'', but that genus is now restricted to species from the Americas.


==Uses==
==Uses==
Line 15: Line 19:


===Ornamental use===
===Ornamental use===
''[[Toona sinensis]]'' is of interest as by far the most cold-tolerant species in the Meliaceae, native in China as far north as 40°N in the [[Beijing]] area, where its tender shoots, called ''xiangchun'' ({{zh|c=香椿|p=xiāngchūn}}), are a traditional local [[leaf vegetable]]. It is the only member of the family that can be cultivated successfully in northern [[Europe]], where it is sometimes planted as an [[ornamental tree]] in parks and avenues. Until recently, it had no widespread English common name, though Chinese Mahogany (reflecting its botanical relationship) is now used (e.g. Rushforth 1999).<ref>{{cite book |first=K. |last=Rushforth |year=1999 |title=Trees of Britain and Europe |publisher=HarperCollins |location=London}}</ref>
''[[Toona sinensis]]'' is of interest as by far the most cold-tolerant species in the Meliaceae, native in China as far north as 40°N in the [[Beijing]] area, where its tender shoots, called ''xiangchun'' ({{zh|c=香椿|p=xiāngchūn}}), are a traditional local leaf vegetable. It is the only member of the family that can be cultivated successfully in northern Europe, where it is sometimes planted as an ornamental tree in parks and avenues. Until recently,{{when|reason=|date=November 2024}} it had no widespread English common name, though Chinese Mahogany (reflecting its botanical relationship) is now used (e.g. Rushforth 1999).<ref>{{cite book |first=K. |last=Rushforth |year=1999 |title=Trees of Britain and Europe |publisher=HarperCollins |location=London}}</ref>


===Wood source===
===Wood source===
''[[Toona ciliata]]'' is an important [[timber]] tree. It provides a valuable [[hardwood]] used for [[furniture]], ornamental panelling, [[shipbuilding]], and musical instruments like the [[sitar]], [[rudra veena]], and drums. Due to the restrictions in recent years on the use of natively-grown American mahogany,<ref>http://www.cites.org/eng/prog/mwg.php</ref> it has become one of the common mahogany replacements in electric guitar manufacturing.
''[[Toona ciliata]]'' is an important timber tree. It provides a valuable hardwood used for furniture, ornamental panelling, shipbuilding, and musical instruments like the [[sitar]], [[rudra veena]], and drums. Due to the restrictions in recent years on the use of natively-grown American mahogany,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cites.org/eng/prog/mwg.php| title = Bigleaf mahogany {{!}} CITES}}</ref> it has become one of the common mahogany replacements in electric guitar manufacturing.


===Medicinal and culinary uses===
===Medicinal and culinary uses===
Line 24: Line 28:


==Species==
==Species==
[[File:Toona calantas (Philippine mahogany) seeds - 7.jpeg|thumb|Philippine mahogany (''[[Toona calantas|Toona&nbsp;calantas]]'') fruit and seeds]]
The following include accepted species in [[the Plant List]]:
{{As of|2024|04|11}}, six species are recognised by [[Plants of the World Online]],{{R|POWO}} as follows:
*''[[Toona australis]]'' <small>(F. Muell.) Harms</small>
*''[[Toona calantas]]'' {{small|Merr. & Rolfe}} - [[Malesia]], New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago.
*''[[Toona calantas]]'' <small>Merr. & Rolfe</small> &ndash; kalantas, Philippine mahogany, Philippine cedar<ref name="calantas">{{cite web|url=http://211.114.21.20/tropicalplant/html/print.jsp?rno=193|title=''Toona calantas'' Merr. & Rolfe|author=ASEAN Tropical Plant Database|publisher=National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea|accessdate=December 12, 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20131211195714/http://211.114.21.20/tropicalplant/html/print.jsp?rno=193|archivedate=December 11, 2013}}</ref>
*''[[Toona calcicola]]'' {{small|Rueangr., Tagane & Suddee}} - Thailand.
*''[[Toona ciliata]]'' <small>M.Roem.</small> (syn. ''T. australis'') &ndash; Australian red cedar, Indian mahogany<ref name="ind">{{cite web|url=http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31866|title=''Toona ciliata'' Roem. |publisher=India Biodiversity Portal|accessdate=December 12, 2013}}</ref>
*''[[Toona ciliata]]'' {{small|M.Roem.}} - Pakistan to southern China, SE Asia and Australia.
*''[[Toona fargesii]]'' <small>A. Chev.</small> &ndash; hong hua xiang chun<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tropicos|url=http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/50322279}}</ref>
*''[[Toona sinensis]]'' <small>(A.Juss.) M.Roem.</small> &ndash; Chinese mahogany or Chinese toon
*''[[Toona fargesii]]'' {{small|A.Chev.}} - Eastern Himalayas to southern China.
*''[[Toona sinensis]]'' {{small|(A.Juss.) M.Roem.}} - Pakistan to China and Malesia.
*''[[Toona sureni]]'' <small>(Blume) Merr.</small> (syn. ''T. febrifuga'') &ndash; Suren, Indonesian mahogany, Vietnamese mahogany<ref name="GRINSpecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?12192 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Toona'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |accessdate=2011-04-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075504/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?12192 |archivedate=2015-09-24 }}</ref>
*''[[Toona sureni]]'' {{small|(Blume) Merr.}} - Southern China, Malesia and [[Papuasia]].


==References==
==References==
⚫
{{Reflist|28em|refs=
⚫
{{Commons category}}
<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:26849-1 |title=''Toona'' M.Roem. |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |year=2024 |access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref>
{{Wikispecies}}
}}
⚫
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Toona.html University of Melbourne: Sorting ''Toona'' names]
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Toona.html University of Melbourne: Sorting ''Toona'' names]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090930060301/http://www.colongwilderness.org.au/RedIndex/NSW/newen99.htm New England, The Wilderness Society, Armidale Branch]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090930060301/http://www.colongwilderness.org.au/RedIndex/NSW/newen99.htm New England, The Wilderness Society, Armidale Branch]
*[http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Toona~ciliata New South Wales Flora Online]
*[http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Toona~ciliata New South Wales Flora Online]
* {{cite book |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=133129 |author= Hua Peng and Jennifer M. Edmonds |chapter=Toona|title=Flora of China |accessdate= 19 January 2014}}
* {{cite book |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=133129 |author= Hua Peng and Jennifer M. Edmonds |chapter=Toona|title=Flora of China |access-date= 19 January 2014}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2697430}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2697430}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Toona| ]]
[[Category:Toona| ]]

Latest revision as of 03:42, 6 January 2025

Toona
Toona ciliata (Type species)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Meliaceae
Subfamily: Cedreloideae
Genus: Toona
(Endl.) M.Roem.[1]
Species

See text

Synonyms[2]

Toona, commonly known as red cedar,[3] toon (also spelled tun) or toona, tooni (in Nepal and India) is a genus in the mahogany family, Meliaceae, native from Afghanistan south to India, and east to North Korea, Papua New Guinea and eastern Australia.[4] In older texts, the genus was often incorporated within a wider circumscription of the related genus Cedrela, but that genus is now restricted to species from the Americas.

Uses

[edit]
Chinese Toon tree (Toona sinensis)

Ornamental use

[edit]

Toona sinensis is of interest as by far the most cold-tolerant species in the Meliaceae, native in China as far north as 40°N in the Beijing area, where its tender shoots, called xiangchun (Chinese: 香椿; pinyin: xiāngchūn), are a traditional local leaf vegetable. It is the only member of the family that can be cultivated successfully in northern Europe, where it is sometimes planted as an ornamental tree in parks and avenues. Until recently,[when?] it had no widespread English common name, though Chinese Mahogany (reflecting its botanical relationship) is now used (e.g. Rushforth 1999).[5]

Wood source

[edit]

Toona ciliata is an important timber tree. It provides a valuable hardwood used for furniture, ornamental panelling, shipbuilding, and musical instruments like the sitar, rudra veena, and drums. Due to the restrictions in recent years on the use of natively-grown American mahogany,[6] it has become one of the common mahogany replacements in electric guitar manufacturing.

Medicinal and culinary uses

[edit]

Toona sinensis is used in Chinese traditional medicine and eaten as a vegetable or sauce in China (leaves and shoots).

Species

[edit]
Philippine mahogany (Toona calantas) fruit and seeds

As of 11 April 2024, six species are recognised by Plants of the World Online,[2] as follows:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Genus: Toona (Endl.) M. Roem". Germplasm Resources Information Network. 1996-09-17. Archived from the original on 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2011-04-21.
  2. ^ a b "Toona M.Roem". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
  3. ^ NRCS. "Toona". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  4. ^ Mabberley, David (2008). Mabberley's Plant-Book (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 863. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4.
  5. ^ Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. London: HarperCollins.
  6. ^ "Bigleaf mahogany | CITES".
[edit]
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