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Coordinates: 35°42′N 139°48′E / 35.7°N 139.8°E / 35.7; 139.8
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{{Short description|Earthquake in Japan}}
{{Infobox earthquake
{{Infobox earthquake
|title = 1894 Meiji Tokyo earthquake
| title = 1894 Tokyo earthquake
|image =
| image =
|image alt =
| image alt =
|imagecaption =
| imagecaption =
| map =
|map =
| map alt =
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| image name =
|map alt =
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| map2 = {{Location map | Japan Kanto
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|image name =
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|map2 = {{Location map | Japan
| label=
| label=
| lat=35.7
| lat=35.7
| long=139.8
| long=139.8
| mark=Bullseye1.png
| mark=Bullseye1.png
| marksize=50
| marksize=40
| position=top
| position=top
| width= 250
| width= 250
| float=right
| float=right
| caption=}}
| caption=
| relief=yes}}
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|mapsize =
{{Location map | Japan Tokyo
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|caption =
| label=
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|date = {{Start date|1894|06|20}}
| lat=35.7
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|origintime = 1404 [[Time in Japan|JST]]
| long=139.8
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|duration =
| mark=Bullseye1.png
|magnitude = 6.6 [[Richter magnitude scale|M<sub>L</sub>]]
| marksize=40
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|depth = {{convert|50|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|80|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| position=top
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|location = {{coord|35.7|N|139.8|E|type:event|display=inline,title}}
| width= 250
|type =
| float=right
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|countries affected = [[Japan]]
| caption=
|damage =
| relief=yes}}
|intensity =
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| mapsize =
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|PGA = <!-- NN''[[Peak ground acceleration|g]]'' -->
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| caption =
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|tsunami =
| pre-1900 = yes
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|landslide =
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| local-date = {{Start date|1894|06|20}}
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|foreshocks =
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| local-time = 14:04 [[Time in Japan|JST]]
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|aftershocks =
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| duration =
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|casualties = 31
| magnitude = 6.6 {{M|R?|link=y}} <!-- ??? -->
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| depth = {{convert|50|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|80|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
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| location = {{coord|35.7|N|139.8|E|type:event|display=inline,title}}
| type =
⚫
| countries affected = [[Japan]]
| damage =
| intensity = [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale]] IX
⚫
| PGA = <!-- NN''[[Peak ground acceleration|g]]'' -->
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| tsunami = None
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| landslide =
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| foreshocks =
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| aftershocks =
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| casualties = 31 dead, 157 injured
}}
}}
The {{nihongo|'''Meiji Tokyo earthquake'''|明治東京地震|Meiji-Tokyo jishin}} was an [[earthquake]] which occurred in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] at 14:04 PM on June 20, 1894. It affected downtown Tokyo and neighboring [[Kanagawa prefecture]], especially the cities of [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]] and [[Yokohama]].
The {{nihongo|'''1894 Tokyo earthquake'''|明治東京地震|Meiji-Tokyo jishin}} occurred in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] at 14:04 PM on June 20. It affected downtown Tokyo and neighboring [[Kanagawa prefecture]], especially the cities of [[Kawasaki, Kanagawa|Kawasaki]] and [[Yokohama]].


The Meiji Tokyo earthquake had its [[epicenter]] in [[Tokyo Bay]], with a magnitude of 6.6 on the [[Richter magnitude scale|Richter Scale]].<ref>http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/199920/000019992099A0772172.php Source Parameters of the Tokyo Earthquake in Meiji Era (1894).</ref> The depth of the 1894 earthquake has not been determined, but it is thought to have occurred within the subducting [[Pacific Plate]] under the [[Kantō region]].<ref>http://www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp/eqchreng/5-1-3.htm</ref> The death toll was 31 killed and 157 injured.
The earthquake's [[epicenter]] was in [[Tokyo Bay]], with a magnitude of 6.6 on the [[Richter scale]].<ref>{{citation|doi=10.4294/zisin1948.52.1_81|title=Source Parameters of the Tokyo Earthquake in Meiji Era (1894)|journal=Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan) |series=2nd series|volume=52|pages=81–89|year=1999|last1=Katsumata|first1=Akio|last2=Hashida|first2=Toshihiko|last3=Mikami|first3=Naoya|doi-access=free}}</ref> The depth of the 1894 earthquake has not been determined, but it is thought to have occurred within the subducting [[Pacific plate]] under the [[Kantō region]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp/eqchreng/5-1-3.htm |title = Inland earthquakes}}</ref> The death toll was 31 killed and 157 injured.


The earthquake was mentioned by author [[Ichiyō Higuchi]] in her work ''Mizu-no-ue no nikki'', in which she described damage to buildings in [[Yotsuya, Tokyo|Yotsuya]], and [[soil liquefaction]] in the [[Mita, Minato, Tokyo|Mita]] area of downtown Tokyo. She also commented on an [[aftershock]] which occurred at 2200 that night.<ref>Danly, ''In the Shade of Spring Leaves: The Life of Higuchi Ichiyo''</ref> The earthquake is also mentioned by author [[Jun'ichirō Tanizaki]] in his [[autobiography|autobiographical work]], ''Yosho-jidai'', in which he described how his family’s house collapsed during the earthquake, a traumatic event to which he attributed his lifelong [[phobia]] of earthquakes.<ref>Tanizaki, ''Childhood Years: A Memoir''</ref> By 1894, Tokyo and Yokohama had numerous foreign residents, many of whom commented on the earthquake in their writings and diaries.
The earthquake was mentioned by author [[Ichiyō Higuchi]] in her work ''Mizu-no-ue no nikki'', in which she described damage to buildings in [[Yotsuya, Tokyo|Yotsuya]], and [[soil liquefaction]] in the [[Mita, Minato, Tokyo|Mita]] area of downtown Tokyo. She also commented on an [[aftershock]] which occurred at 22:00 that night.<ref>Danly, ''In the Shade of Spring Leaves: The Life of Higuchi Ichiyo''</ref> The earthquake is also mentioned by author [[Jun'ichirō Tanizaki]] in his [[autobiography|autobiographical work]], ''Yosho-jidai'', in which he described how his family's house collapsed during the earthquake, a traumatic event to which he attributed his lifelong [[phobia]] of earthquakes.<ref>Tanizaki, ''Childhood Years: A Memoir''</ref> By 1894, Tokyo and Yokohama had numerous foreign residents, many of whom commented on the earthquake in their writings and diaries.


The [[National Science Museum of Japan]] in Tokyo has a collection of twenty two photographs of the earthquake in the form of [[albumen]] papers, [[magic lantern|lantern slide]]s and [[dry plate]]s. A considerable number of photographs were taken just after the event for the use at the former Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee in its official reports of the 1894 earthquake, but almost all of the original plates have been lost.<ref>http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004707968/ Bulletin of the National Science Museum</ref>
The [[National Science Museum of Japan]] in Tokyo has a collection of twenty two photographs of the earthquake in the form of [[albumen]] papers, [[magic lantern|lantern slide]]s and [[dry plate]]s. A considerable number of photographs were taken just after the event for the use at the former Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee in its official reports of the 1894 earthquake, but almost all of the original plates have been lost.<ref>http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004707968/ Bulletin of the National Science Museum</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:The great earthquake of 1894-damagescene2.jpg|Damage in the former municipality of Kyōbashi-ku
File:The great earthquake of 1894-damagescene1.jpg|A destroyed tea-house in [[Tsukiji]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of earthquakes in Japan]]
* [[List of historical earthquakes]]


==References==
==References==
Line 48: Line 72:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Clancey, Gregory. (2006). [http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=m0eUSUtm0iMC ''Earthquake Nation: The Cultural Politics of Japanese Seismicity.''] Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. 10-ISBN 0-520-24607-1; 13-ISBN 978-0-520-24607-2 (cloth)
* Clancey, Gregory. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=m0eUSUtm0iMC ''Earthquake Nation: The Cultural Politics of Japanese Seismicity.''] Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-520-24607-2}} (cloth)
* Danly, Robert Lyons. ''In the Shade of Spring Leaves: The Life of Higuchi Ichiyo, with Nine of Her Best Short Stories''. Norton & Company (1992). ISBN 0-393-30913-4
* Danly, Robert Lyons. ''In the Shade of Spring Leaves: The Life of Higuchi Ichiyo, with Nine of Her Best Short Stories''. Norton & Company (1992). {{ISBN|0-393-30913-4}}
*Tanizaki, Jun'ichirō. ''Childhood Years: A Memoir''. Kodansha International (1998). ISBN 4-7700-2322-7
*Tanizaki, Jun'ichirō. ''Childhood Years: A Memoir''. Kodansha International (1998). {{ISBN|4-7700-2322-7}}

{{Earthquakes in the 1890s (decade)}}
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{{Earthquakes in 1894}}
{{Earthquakes in Japan}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Meiji Tokyo earthquake, 1894}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tokyo earthquake, 1894}}
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[[Category:Earthquakes in Japan]]
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[[Category:Empire of Japan|1894]]
[[Category:1894 earthquakes]]
[[Category:1894 earthquakes]]
[[Category:1894 in Japan]]
[[Category:1894 in Japan]]
[[Category:History of Tokyo]]
[[Category:Natural disasters in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Meiji era]]
[[Category:19th century in Tokyo]]
[[Category:June 1894 events]]
[[Category:Earthquakes of the Meiji period]]
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[[Category:1894 disasters in Japan]]

Latest revision as of 06:50, 6 January 2025

1894 Tokyo earthquake
1894 Tokyo earthquake is located in Kanto Area
1894 Tokyo earthquake
1894 Tokyo earthquake is located in Tokyo
1894 Tokyo earthquake
Local dateJune 20, 1894 (1894-06-20)
Local time14:04 JST
Magnitude6.6 M
Depth50 km (31 mi) to 80 km (50 mi)
Epicenter35°42′N 139°48′E / 35.7°N 139.8°E / 35.7; 139.8
Areas affectedJapan
Max. intensityModified Mercalli intensity scale IX
TsunamiNone
Casualties31 dead, 157 injured

The 1894 Tokyo earthquake (明治東京地震, Meiji-Tokyo jishin) occurred in Tokyo, Japan at 14:04 PM on June 20. It affected downtown Tokyo and neighboring Kanagawa prefecture, especially the cities of Kawasaki and Yokohama.

The earthquake's epicenter was in Tokyo Bay, with a magnitude of 6.6 on the Richter scale.[1] The depth of the 1894 earthquake has not been determined, but it is thought to have occurred within the subducting Pacific plate under the Kantō region.[2] The death toll was 31 killed and 157 injured.

The earthquake was mentioned by author Ichiyō Higuchi in her work Mizu-no-ue no nikki, in which she described damage to buildings in Yotsuya, and soil liquefaction in the Mita area of downtown Tokyo. She also commented on an aftershock which occurred at 22:00 that night.[3] The earthquake is also mentioned by author Jun'ichirō Tanizaki in his autobiographical work, Yosho-jidai, in which he described how his family's house collapsed during the earthquake, a traumatic event to which he attributed his lifelong phobia of earthquakes.[4] By 1894, Tokyo and Yokohama had numerous foreign residents, many of whom commented on the earthquake in their writings and diaries.

The National Science Museum of Japan in Tokyo has a collection of twenty two photographs of the earthquake in the form of albumen papers, lantern slides and dry plates. A considerable number of photographs were taken just after the event for the use at the former Imperial Earthquake Investigation Committee in its official reports of the 1894 earthquake, but almost all of the original plates have been lost.[5]

[edit]
  • Damage in the former municipality of Kyōbashi-ku
    Damage in the former municipality of Kyōbashi-ku
  • A destroyed tea-house in Tsukiji
    A destroyed tea-house in Tsukiji

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Katsumata, Akio; Hashida, Toshihiko; Mikami, Naoya (1999), "Source Parameters of the Tokyo Earthquake in Meiji Era (1894)", Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan), 2nd series, 52: 81–89, doi:10.4294/zisin1948.52.1_81
  2. ^ "Inland earthquakes".
  3. ^ Danly, In the Shade of Spring Leaves: The Life of Higuchi Ichiyo
  4. ^ Tanizaki, Childhood Years: A Memoir
  5. ^ http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004707968/ Bulletin of the National Science Museum

Further reading

[edit]
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