Battle of Bila Tserkva (1651): Difference between revisions
merged armies |
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Altered url. URLs might have been anonymized. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Whoop whoop pull up | Category:Battles of the Khmelnytsky Uprising | #UCB_Category 14/24 |
||
| (144 intermediate revisions by 32 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
{{EngvarB|date=May 2018}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| |
| conflict = Battle of Bila Tserkva (1651) |
||
| |
| image = Battle of the Bila Tserkva by Westerveld.jpg |
||
| caption = The Battle of Bila Tserkva (1651) on the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish–Lithuanian]] painting by Abraham van Westerveld in the XVII century |
|||
| result = Polish-Lithuanian tactical victory, [[Treaty of Bila Tserkva]] |
|||
| image_size = 275px |
|||
| combatant1 = [[Image:Herb_Viyska_Zaporozkogo_(Alex_K).svg|20px]] [[Zaporozhian Host]]<br/>[[Image:Gerae-tamga.svg|20px]] [[Crimean Khanate]] |
|||
| partof = the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]] |
|||
| combatant2 = [[Image:Herb Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodow.svg|15px]] [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] |
|||
| date = 23–25 September 1651 |
|||
| commander1 = [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] |
|||
| place = [[Bila Tserkva]], [[Regiment (administrative unit)|Bila Tserkva Regiment]], [[Cossack Hetmanate]]| |
|||
| commander2 = [[Mikolaj Potocki]], [[Janusz Radziwill]] |
|||
| combatant1 = [[File:Banner_of_Poland-Lithuania.svg|25px]][[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] |
|||
| strength1 = 50,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\C\O\Cossack6PolishWar.htm|title=Cossack-Polish War|accessdate=2007-10-18||author=|last=Orest|first=Subtelny|authorlink=Orest Subtelny|work=Encyclopedia of Ukraine}}</ref> |
|||
| combatant2 = [[File:Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat.svg|25px|border=no]][[Cossack Hetmanate]] <br />[[File:Flag of the Crimean Khanate (15th century).svg|24px]] [[Crimean Khanate]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| commander1 = [[File:POL_COA_Radziwiłł_Książę_Ia.svg|19px]] [[Janusz Radziwiłł (1612-1655)|Janusz Radziwiłł]] <br />[[File:POL COA Kalinowa.svg|19px]] [[Marcin Kalinowski]] <br />[[File:POL_COA_Pilawa.svg|19px]] [[Mikołaj Potocki]] <br /> [[File:POL_COA_Pilawa.svg|19px]] [[Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki|Stanisław Potocki]] <br />[[File:POL COA Rawicz.svg|19px]] [[Zygmunt Przyjemski]]<br />[[File:POL_COA_Łodzia.svg|19px]] [[Stefan Czarniecki]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| commander2 = [[File:Alex K Chmelnitskyi.svg|19px]] [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] <br /> [[File:Flag of the Crimean Khanate (15th century).svg|24px]] [[İslâm III Giray]] |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| strength1 = 22,000 Polish–Lithuanian hussars, cavalry and infantry<ref name=bobiatyński>Konrad Boniatyński, "W cieniu Beresteczka: Działania militarne armii litewskiej przeciwko Kozakom w 1651 roku".</ref>{{page needed|date=April 2024}} |
|||
| strength2 = 25,000 Zaporozhian Cossacks<ref name=bobiatyński>Konrad Boniatyński, "W cieniu Beresteczka: Działania militarne armii litewskiej przeciwko Kozakom w 1651 roku".</ref>{{page needed|date=April 2024}} <br /> 6,000 Crimean Tatars<ref name=bobiatyński>Konrad Boniatyński, "W cieniu Beresteczka: Działania militarne armii litewskiej przeciwko Kozakom w 1651 roku".</ref>{{page needed|date=April 2024}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| result = Inconclusive<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dowling |first=Timothy C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COTNEAAAQBAJ&dq=Battle+of+Bila+Tserkva+%281651%29+Inconclusive&pg=PA413 |title=Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes] |date=2014-12-02 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-59884-948-6 |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| territory = Limitation of the Cossack state to the Kiev Voivodeship. |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Campaignbox Khmelnytsky Uprising}} |
{{Campaignbox Khmelnytsky Uprising}} |
||
The '''Battle of Bila Tserkva''' |
The '''Battle of Bila Tserkva''' ([[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: ''Битва під Білою Церквою,'' [[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Bitwa pod Białą Cerkwią:'' 23–25 September 1651) was fought between the [[Crown Army|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] against the [[Cossack Hetmanate]] and [[Crimean Khanate]] as a part of the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]]. Near the site of the present-day city of [[Bila Tserkva]] in [[Ukraine]]. |
||
== |
==Background== |
||
Following the [[Battle of Berestechko]], under orders from the departing |
Following the [[Battle of Berestechko]] in 28 June — 10 July, 1651, under orders from the departing the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish]] [[King]] [[John II Casimir Vasa|John II Casimir]], the Polish forces under the command of [[Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Hetmans]] [[Marcin Kalinowski]] and [[Mikołaj Potocki]] advanced into the [[Cossack Hetmanate]], reaching [[Liubar|Lyubar]] in 4 August 1651 and at the same time the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Lithuanian]] forces under the command of [[Prince]] [[Janusz Radziwiłł (1612–1655)|Janusz Radziwiłł]] entered [[Kyiv]].<ref>Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, {{ISBN|1895571227}}, p. 362</ref> The Polish forces under the command of Hetmans Marcin Kalinowski and Mikołaj Potocki soon encountered the Zaporozhian Cossack’s positions near the city of [[Bila Tserkva]] and the Zaporozhian Cossacks under the command of Hetman [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] main camp to the east, preventing the Polish and Lithuanian forces from the military uniting.<ref>Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, {{ISBN|1895571227}}, pp. 363–365</ref> The death of Prince [[Jeremi Wisniowiecki]], who constantly insisted on the most energetic and ruthless tactics possible against the [[Zaporozhian Cossacks]], delayed movement of the [[Crown Army]] until 23 August 1651, when it moved to the village of Trylisy, capturing the garrison of the Zaporozhian Cossacks numbered around 600 men in the next day.<ref>Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, {{ISBN|1895571227}}, p. 366</ref> In 3 September 1651, Prince Janusz Radziwiłł agreed to merge his Lithuanian forces with the Polish forces near the city of [[Vasylkiv]] and took up a position with it near the village of [[Hermanivka, Kyiv Oblast|Hermanivka]] in 13 September 1651, followed by the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish–Lithuanian]] an entire camp being moved toward the city of [[Bila Tserkva]] in 16 September 1651.<ref>Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, {{ISBN|1895571227}}, pp. 374–379</ref> After the peace negotiations in the all month failed to progress, Hetmans Marcin Kalinowski and Mikołaj Potocki probably moved in 22 September 1651 in a defensive formation from the village of Hermanivka to the city of Bila Tserkva, the Polish forces at the centre and right flank and the Lithuanian forces on the left.<ref>Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, {{ISBN|1895571227}}, pp. 384–385</ref> |
||
==Battle== |
|||
According to Hetman Mikołaj Potocki, who was commanding from the centre with [[Nobility|Nobleman]] [[Zygmunt Przyjemski]]: On [[Saturday]] in 23 September 1651, I was approaching the city of Bila Tserkva. A good mile ahead, the Zaporozhian Cossack’s and [[Crimean Tatars|Crimean Tatar’s]] [[cavalry]] came out to engage us and I moved against them in a formation similar to that at the Battle of Berestechko in 28 June — 10 July, 1651, adhering to the information given by [[Imperial and Royal Majesty|His Royal Majesty]] and attacked the enemy in a broad line. I committed the right flank to [[Prince]] [[Janusz Radziwiłł (1612–1655)|Janusz Radziwiłł]] and the left flank to [[Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Hetman]] [[Marcin Kalinowski]], together with [[Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Hetman]] [[Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki|Stanisław Potocki]].<ref>Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, {{ISBN|1895571227}}, p. 387</ref> He ordered the vanguard regiment into battle and drove the enemy right into their camp, littering the field abundantly with the Zaporozhian Cossack’s and [[Crimean Tatars|Crimean Tatar’s]] military corpses."<ref>Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, {{ISBN|1895571227}}, p. 387</ref> On [[Sunday]] in 24 September 1651, the Zaporozhian Cossacks were building a rampart near a dike and [[Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki|Stanisław Potocki]] ordered our the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces to go into the field, our light [[cavalry]] [[Skirmisher|skirmishers]] fought against the Zaporozhian Cossacks and [[Crimean Tatars]] who’s withdrew to the marshes".<ref>Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, {{ISBN|1895571227}}, p. 387</ref> On [[Monday]] in 25 September 1651, according to Hetman Mikołaj Potocki, the Zaporozhian Cossacks moved into the field with the Crimean Tatars and so did our forces and did considerable harm to them and drove them back to their camp."<ref>Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, {{ISBN|1895571227}}, p. 388</ref> On [[Tuesday]] in 26 September 1651, the rain was falling in torrential downpours, Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky sent the Zaporozhian Cossacks again and asking that no more blood be shed and it was decided to make a peace, according to Hetman Mikołaj Potocki.<ref>Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, {{ISBN|1895571227}}, p. 388</ref> |
|||
==Aftermath== |
|||
Hetman Mikołaj Potocki listed five reasons for seeking a peace including: |
|||
(1) In the [[Brandenburg-Prussia|German]] mercenary cavalry started a desertion and quarter-year term to fought together and with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces was ending. |
|||
(2) An epidemic of some sort had developed among the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish–Lithuanian]] [[infantry]] partly because of [[hunger]] and bad weather, they began to die in large a numbers. |
|||
(3) Prince Janusz Radzwiłł could not help the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces long and retreated to the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. |
|||
(4) The predictions of the arrival of the Crimean Tatars under the command of [[Khan (title)|Khan]] [[İslâm III Giray]]. |
|||
(5) The hunger befell the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces and their [[cavalry]].<ref>Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, {{ISBN|1895571227}}, p. 388</ref> |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist|2}} |
||
{{coord missing|Ukraine}} |
{{coord missing|Ukraine}} |
||
[[Category:Conflicts in 1651]] |
[[Category:Conflicts in 1651|Bila Tserkva 1651]] |
||
[[Category:Battles of the Khmelnytsky Uprising|Bila Tserkva]] |
[[Category:Battles of the Khmelnytsky Uprising|Bila Tserkva]] |
||
[[Category:1651 in Europe]] |
[[Category:1651 in Europe]] |
||
[[Category:Battles involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] |
|||
{{Ukraine-hist-stub}} |
|||
{{Poland-battle-stub}} |
|||
Latest revision as of 00:49, 7 January 2025
| Battle of Bila Tserkva (1651) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising | |||||||||
 The Battle of Bila Tserkva (1651) on the Polish–Lithuanian painting by Abraham van Westerveld in the XVII century | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
 Cossack Hetmanate .svg){kind=small} Crimean Khanate | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
 Janusz Radziwiłł  Marcin Kalinowski  Mikołaj Potocki Stanisław Potocki  Zygmunt Przyjemski Stefan Czarniecki |
 Bohdan Khmelnytsky İslâm III Giray | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 22,000 Polish–Lithuanian hussars, cavalry and infantry[2][page needed] |
25,000 Zaporozhian Cossacks[2][page needed] 6,000 Crimean Tatars[2][page needed] | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||||
The Battle of Bila Tserkva (Ukrainian: Битва під Білою Церквою, Polish: Bitwa pod Białą Cerkwią: 23–25 September 1651) was fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against the Cossack Hetmanate and Crimean Khanate as a part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day city of Bila Tserkva in Ukraine.
Background
[edit]Following the Battle of Berestechko in 28 June — 10 July, 1651, under orders from the departing the Polish King John II Casimir, the Polish forces under the command of Hetmans Marcin Kalinowski and Mikołaj Potocki advanced into the Cossack Hetmanate, reaching Lyubar in 4 August 1651 and at the same time the Lithuanian forces under the command of Prince Janusz Radziwiłł entered Kyiv.[3] The Polish forces under the command of Hetmans Marcin Kalinowski and Mikołaj Potocki soon encountered the Zaporozhian Cossack’s positions near the city of Bila Tserkva and the Zaporozhian Cossacks under the command of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky main camp to the east, preventing the Polish and Lithuanian forces from the military uniting.[4] The death of Prince Jeremi Wisniowiecki, who constantly insisted on the most energetic and ruthless tactics possible against the Zaporozhian Cossacks, delayed movement of the Crown Army until 23 August 1651, when it moved to the village of Trylisy, capturing the garrison of the Zaporozhian Cossacks numbered around 600 men in the next day.[5] In 3 September 1651, Prince Janusz Radziwiłł agreed to merge his Lithuanian forces with the Polish forces near the city of Vasylkiv and took up a position with it near the village of Hermanivka in 13 September 1651, followed by the Polish–Lithuanian an entire camp being moved toward the city of Bila Tserkva in 16 September 1651.[6] After the peace negotiations in the all month failed to progress, Hetmans Marcin Kalinowski and Mikołaj Potocki probably moved in 22 September 1651 in a defensive formation from the village of Hermanivka to the city of Bila Tserkva, the Polish forces at the centre and right flank and the Lithuanian forces on the left.[7]
Battle
[edit]According to Hetman Mikołaj Potocki, who was commanding from the centre with Nobleman Zygmunt Przyjemski: On Saturday in 23 September 1651, I was approaching the city of Bila Tserkva. A good mile ahead, the Zaporozhian Cossack’s and Crimean Tatar’s cavalry came out to engage us and I moved against them in a formation similar to that at the Battle of Berestechko in 28 June — 10 July, 1651, adhering to the information given by His Royal Majesty and attacked the enemy in a broad line. I committed the right flank to Prince Janusz Radziwiłł and the left flank to Hetman Marcin Kalinowski, together with Hetman Stanisław Potocki.[8] He ordered the vanguard regiment into battle and drove the enemy right into their camp, littering the field abundantly with the Zaporozhian Cossack’s and Crimean Tatar’s military corpses."[9] On Sunday in 24 September 1651, the Zaporozhian Cossacks were building a rampart near a dike and Stanisław Potocki ordered our the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces to go into the field, our light cavalry skirmishers fought against the Zaporozhian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars who’s withdrew to the marshes".[10] On Monday in 25 September 1651, according to Hetman Mikołaj Potocki, the Zaporozhian Cossacks moved into the field with the Crimean Tatars and so did our forces and did considerable harm to them and drove them back to their camp."[11] On Tuesday in 26 September 1651, the rain was falling in torrential downpours, Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky sent the Zaporozhian Cossacks again and asking that no more blood be shed and it was decided to make a peace, according to Hetman Mikołaj Potocki.[12]
Aftermath
[edit]Hetman Mikołaj Potocki listed five reasons for seeking a peace including:
(1) In the German mercenary cavalry started a desertion and quarter-year term to fought together and with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces was ending.
(2) An epidemic of some sort had developed among the Polish–Lithuanian infantry partly because of hunger and bad weather, they began to die in large a numbers.
(3) Prince Janusz Radzwiłł could not help the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces long and retreated to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
(4) The predictions of the arrival of the Crimean Tatars under the command of Khan İslâm III Giray.
(5) The hunger befell the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces and their cavalry.[13]
After the battle was signed the Treaty of Bila Tserkva on Friday in 28 September 1651.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ Dowling, Timothy C. (2014-12-02). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-1-59884-948-6.
- ^ a b c Konrad Boniatyński, "W cieniu Beresteczka: Działania militarne armii litewskiej przeciwko Kozakom w 1651 roku".
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, p. 362
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, pp. 363–365
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, p. 366
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, pp. 374–379
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, pp. 384–385
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, p. 387
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, p. 387
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, p. 387
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, p. 388
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, p. 388
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, p. 388
- ^ Hrushevsky, M., 2004, History of Ukraine-Rus, Volume Nine, Book One, The Cossack Age, 1650–1653, Toronto: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, ISBN 1895571227, p. 394