Malik Ibrahim Bayu: Difference between revisions

Syed Ibrahim Malik Baya
Syed Ibrahim Malik Baya
	Mausoleum of Malik Ibrahim Bayu in Bihar Sharif
Born	Ghazni, Afghanistan
Died	20 January 1353 CE (13th Dul Hajj 753 AH); Rohtasgarh, Rohtas District, Bihar
Clan	Malik
Occupation	Military general, Governor

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Ibrahim Malik Baya was a Sufi saint of Suhrawardiyya order and a warrior who arrived in South Bihar, India, in the 14th century and defeated the tribal Kol chiefdoms, who had been oppressing the local Muslims. He was a contemporary of Sharfuddin Yahya Maneri, Syed Ahmed Jajneri, Muzaffar Shams Balkhi, Shah Ahmed Sistani and Syed Ahmad Charamposh.^[1]

He was sent in a war with Raja Birthal, in which he defeated Raja Birthal.^[2] Malik Ibrahim Baya tomb is protected under Archaeological Survey of India and is a tourism spot in Bihar Sharif.^[3]

Early life

Malik Baya was a distinguished military general, and a Sufi saint as well. When the Abbasids persecuted his ancestors, they escaped to Ghazni. He was born and raised in Ghazni.^{[citation needed]}

Malik Baya received his education and military training in Ghazni and then he came to Delhi to serve under the tutelage of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.

History

Malik Baya belonged to Suhrawardiyya order. He came to India during the time of Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq and became commander-in-chief in 1324. The word Bayu' is the twisted from a Persian word Beya (lit. Come on).

Malik Baya after his first victory over Bihar, went to inform the matter to Muhammad bin Tughlaq, who being pleased with his remarkable win said: malik biya benasheen (lit. O Chief come and Sit down).^[4]

During the reign of Sultan Tughlaq, even though the State of Bihar was under the control of Delhi, for all practical purposes, its rulers were autonomous. The Sultan received numerous complaints against the Raja Bithal, the Governor (Subedar) of Bihar, who was not only a tyrant but also a rebel against the Sultan of Delhi.^{[citation needed]}

The Sultan sent his general, Syed Ibrahim Malik, to punish Raja Bithal. After a fierce battle, the Raja was killed and his army was defeated. The conquest of Bihar was a remarkable achievement, and on this occasion, the Sultan conferred upon Malik Baya the title of "Madarul Mulk" means Malik or Saif-o-Daulat (Administrator or King of Sword and Wealth).^[5]

In Bihar, Malik Baya led many expeditions such as Deora and Khatangi etc. and defeated Raja Baithal and was appointed as a Governor of Bihar by Mohammad bin Tughlaq. Syed Ibrahim Malik also served as Governor of Bihar and general for a few years from 1351 to 1353, during the reign of Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq. During his reign, he fought his last pitched battles with Raja Hans Kumar and conquer Rohtasgarh Fort.

Death and legacy

Malik Baya died on Sunday, 13th Dul Hajj 753 AH corresponding to 20 January 1353 AD. His body was brought to Bihar Sharif for burial, where he had lived nearly his entire life with his family, relatives, and kinsmen.

He was buried on Peer Pahadi, Bihar Sharif and the foundation stone his Makbara was led by Sharfuddin Yahya Maneri and it was constructed by Daud Mallick, elder adopted son of Baya.^[1]^[6]^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b Hussain, Syed Amjad. "Malik Ibrahim Baya: A Revered Figure in Bihar's History and Sufi Tradition". New Age Islam. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
^ "IBRAHIM BAYA MAQBARA". bt-stage.argildx.com. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
^ "Alphabetical List of Monuments – Bihar « Archaeological Survey of India". asi.nic.in. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
^ Hanif, N. (2000). Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia. Sarup & Sons. p. 160. ISBN 978-81-7625-087-0.
^ "HISTORY - Syed Mallicks".
^ Askari, Syed Hasan (1984). Aspects of the Cultural History of Medieval Bihar. Kashi Prasad Jayswal Research Institute. p. 7.
^ Hifz-ur-Rahman, Dr. Muhammad (2021). Tazkira-e-Sufiya-e-Bihar (in Urdu). Delhi: Educational Publishing House.

Sources

Articles on mysticism of Ibn Arabi from the Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi Society
Mysticism in Islam a lecture by William Chittick
Sufism From a site dedicated to various esoteric systems
[1] from SUFIS OF INDIA PAKISTAN AND BANGLADESH :volume-1 BY Nagendra Kr Singh page no -256
[2] from Sufi movements in eastern India by Mohammad Yahya Tamizi.page no-199
[3] from BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCYCOPEDIA OF SUFIS SOUTH ASIA By N.Hanif ISBN 81-7625-087-2 IN PAGE NO-160.

[:0-1] Hussain, Syed Amjad. "Malik Ibrahim Baya: A Revered Figure in Bihar's History and Sufi Tradition". New Age Islam. Retrieved 24 August 2024.

[2] "IBRAHIM BAYA MAQBARA". bt-stage.argildx.com. Retrieved 25 November 2020.

[3] "Alphabetical List of Monuments – Bihar « Archaeological Survey of India". asi.nic.in. Retrieved 25 November 2020.

[4] Hanif, N. (2000). Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia. Sarup & Sons. p. 160. ISBN 978-81-7625-087-0.

[5] "HISTORY - Syed Mallicks".

[6] Askari, Syed Hasan (1984). Aspects of the Cultural History of Medieval Bihar. Kashi Prasad Jayswal Research Institute. p. 7.

[7] Hifz-ur-Rahman, Dr. Muhammad (2021). Tazkira-e-Sufiya-e-Bihar (in Urdu). Delhi: Educational Publishing House.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Indian Sufi saint and warrior}}
-{{more citations needed|date=August 2012}}
 {{EngvarB|date=March 2021}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
 {{infobox royalty
-| name         = Malik Ibrahim Bayu
+| name         = Syed Ibrahim Malik Baya
 | caption      = Mausoleum of Malik Ibrahim Bayu in [[Bihar Sharif]]
 | image        = Tomb of Ibrahim Baya 22.jpg
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 | house        = [[Malik clan (Bihar)|Malik]]
 }}
-'''Malik Ibrahim Bayu''' was a legendary [[Sufi]] saint-warrior who arrived in South Bihar in the 14th century and defeated the tribal [[Kol people|Kol]] chiefdoms who had been oppressing the local Muslims. He also defeated Raja Birthal and became first Muslim conqueror and governor of Bihar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IBRAHIM BAYA MAQBARA|url=https://bt-stage.argildx.com/en/destinations/nalanda/ibrahim-baya-maqbara|access-date=2020-11-25|website=bt-stage.argildx.com|language=en}}</ref> Malik Ibrahim Baya tomb is protected under [[Archaeological Survey of India]] and is a tourism spot in [[Bihar Sharif]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments – Bihar « Archaeological Survey of India|url=https://asi.nic.in/alphabetical-list-of-monuments-bihar/|access-date=2020-11-25|website=asi.nic.in}}</ref>
+'''Ibrahim Malik Baya '''was a [[Sufi]] saint of [[Suhrawardiyya|Suhrawardiyya order]] and a warrior who arrived in South Bihar, India, in the 14th century and defeated the tribal Kol chiefdoms, who had been oppressing the local Muslims. He was a contemporary of [[Sharfuddin Yahya Maneri]], Syed Ahmed Jajneri, [[Muzaffar Balkhi|Muzaffar Shams Balkhi]], Shah Ahmed Sistani and Syed Ahmad Charamposh.'''<ref name=":0" /> '''
+He was sent in a war with Raja Birthal, in which he defeated Raja Birthal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IBRAHIM BAYA MAQBARA|url=https://bt-stage.argildx.com/en/destinations/nalanda/ibrahim-baya-maqbara|access-date=2020-11-25|website=bt-stage.argildx.com|language=en}}</ref> Malik Ibrahim Baya tomb is protected under [[Archaeological Survey of India]] and is a tourism spot in [[Bihar Sharif]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments – Bihar « Archaeological Survey of India|url=https://asi.nic.in/alphabetical-list-of-monuments-bihar/|access-date=2020-11-25|website=asi.nic.in}}</ref>
 ==Early life==
-Syed Ibrahim Malik was a distinguished military general, and an eminent Sufi (saint) as well. He was a descendant of Ali and when the Abbasids persecuted his ancestors, they escaped to Ghazni. He was born and raised in Ghazni.
+Malik Baya was a distinguished military general, and a Sufi saint as well. When the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasids]] persecuted his ancestors, they escaped to Ghazni. He was born and raised in Ghazni.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
-Syed Ibrahim Malik received his education and military training in [[Ghazni]] and then he came to Delhi to serve under the tutelage of Sultan [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]], who was famous for his magnificent patronage of intellectuals, scholars, and talented military generals of his time. Besides Syed Ibrahim Malik, [[Ibn Batuta]], the famous traveler and pioneer explorer, and other people like him came from all over the world to serve the Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
+Malik Baya received his education and military training in [[Ghazni]] and then he came to Delhi to serve under the tutelage of [[Muhammad bin Tughluq|Muhammad bin Tughlaq]].
 ==History==
-Ibrahim Malik Beya, belongs to [[Suhrawardiyya]] order.  He came to India during the time of Sul-tan Muhammad Tughlaq and became commander-in-chief in 725 A.H. (1324 A.D.). The word Bayu' is the twisted from a Persian word *Beya' meaning "Come on.' Syed ibrahim, after his first victory over Bihar, went to inform the matter to Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq, who being pleased with his remarkable win said: "malik biya benashin' (O ChiefCome and Sit down). Malik was a title conferred on important personalities for remarkable work. Syed Ibrahim also got this title. With passage of time the term Beya was twisted and became Bayu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hanif|first=N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3GXOqPa67MC&pg=PA160|title=Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia|date=2000|publisher=Sarup & Sons | page=160 |isbn=978-81-7625-087-0|language=en}}</ref>
+Malik Baya belonged to [[Suhrawardiyya]] order. He came to India during the time of Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq and became commander-in-chief in 1324. The word Bayu' is the twisted from a Persian word ''Beya'' (lit. Come on).
+Malik Baya after his first victory over Bihar, went to inform the matter to Muhammad bin Tughlaq, who being pleased with his remarkable win said: ''malik biya benasheen'' (lit. O Chief come and Sit down).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hanif|first=N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3GXOqPa67MC&pg=PA160|title=Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia|date=2000|publisher=Sarup & Sons | page=160 |isbn=978-81-7625-087-0|language=en}}</ref>
-During the time of Sultan Tughlaq (1290 AD-1351 AD), even though the State of Bihar was under the control of [[Delhi]], for all practical purposes, its rulers were autonomous. The Sultan received numerous complaints against the Raja Bithal, the Governor (Subedar) of Bihar, who was not only a tyrant but also a rebel against the Sultan of Delhi.
+During the reign of Sultan Tughlaq, even though the State of Bihar was under the control of [[Delhi]], for all practical purposes, its rulers were autonomous. The Sultan received numerous complaints against the Raja Bithal, the Governor (Subedar) of Bihar, who was not only a tyrant but also a rebel against the Sultan of Delhi.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}
-The Sultan sent his general, Syed Ibrahim Malik, to punish Raja Bithal. After a fierce battle, the Raja was killed and his army was defeated. The conquest of Bihar was a remarkable achievement, and on this occasion, the Sultan conferred upon Syed Ibrahim Malik the title of "Madarul Mulk" means Malik or Saif-o-Daulat (Administrator and King of Sword and Wealth). It is recorded that the Sultan was so jubilant by this victory, that in his court he himself came down to receive and greet Syed Ibrahim Malik. After an exchange of greetings, Sultan Mohammad bin Tughlaq said to Syed Ibrahim Malik in Persian (the official language at the time) "Maliks Baya, Be-nashin" meaning "O King come and sit next to me" and led Syed Ibrahim Malik to his seat. The Sultan bestowed this great honor upon him. Since then, he was called "Maliks Baya". The Sultan appointed Syed Ibrahim Malik as the governor of the state of Bihar. He chose to settle with his family and relatives in [[Bihar Sharif]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/syedmallicks/history|title = HISTORY - Syed Mallicks}}</ref>
+The Sultan sent his general, Syed Ibrahim Malik, to punish Raja Bithal. After a fierce battle, the Raja was killed and his army was defeated. The conquest of Bihar was a remarkable achievement, and on this occasion, the Sultan conferred upon Malik Baya the title of "''Madarul Mulk''" means Malik or Saif-o-Daulat (Administrator or King of Sword and Wealth).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/syedmallicks/history|title = HISTORY - Syed Mallicks}}</ref>
-In [[Bihar]], Syed Ibrahim Malik led many expeditions such as Deora and Khatangi etc., and defeated Raja Baithal and was appointed Governor of Bihar by Sultan Mohammad bin Tughlaq. Syed Ibrahim Malik also served as Governor of Bihar and general for a few years from 1351 to 1353 AD/751-753 AH, during the reign of Sultan [[Firoz Shah Tughlaq]], Cousin of Sultan [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]]. During his reign, he fought his last pitched battles with Raja Hans Kumar and conquer [[Rohtasgarh Fort]].
+In [[Bihar]], Malik Baya led many expeditions such as Deora and Khatangi etc. and defeated Raja Baithal and was appointed as a Governor of Bihar by Mohammad bin Tughlaq. Syed Ibrahim Malik also served as Governor of Bihar and general for a few years from 1351 to 1353, during the reign of Sultan [[Firoz Shah Tughlaq]]. During his reign, he fought his last pitched battles with Raja Hans Kumar and conquer [[Rohtasgarh Fort]].
-==Assassination==
-When the fighting finally stopped, Syed Ibrahim Mallick established law and order in the region. After peace prevailed, one night Syed Ibrahim Mallick Baya left the fort, when a group of enemy soldiers, hiding in the darkness outside the fort, perpetrated a sneak attack on this general from behind and killed him. Syed Ibrahim Mallick died on Sunday, 13th Dul Hajj 753 AH corresponding to 20 January 1353 AD. His body was brought to [[Bihar Sharif]] for burial, where he had lived nearly his entire life with his family, relatives, and kinsmen.
+==Death and legacy==
-==Legacy==
+Malik Baya died on Sunday, 13th Dul Hajj 753 AH corresponding to 20 January 1353 AD. His body was brought to [[Bihar Sharif]] for burial, where he had lived nearly his entire life with his family, relatives, and kinsmen.
-[[File:Tomb of Syed Malik Ibrahim Bayu.jpg|thumb|Mausoleum of Ibrahim Bayu and other tombs]]
-The descendants of the eight children of Syed Ibrahim Mallick Baya multiplied over 600 years and constituted a significant portion of the Muslim community in Bihar. The tomb is said to have built by Syed Daud Mallick, The eldest of the seven sons of the saint, who is also buried inside the tomb. The tomb of Syed Ibrahim Mallick is located in [[Bihar Sharif]], at the hilltop of Budhha Pahari, one mile west of the town. The foundation stone of tomb of Syed lbrahim was laid by Makhdum Jahan Bihari, Mukhdum Ahmed Chirampush and Makhdum Shah Ahmed Sistani. The mausoleum is an extraordinary structure of a rare quality of bricks, which have withstood the ravages of time and the unrelenting devastation of weather for the last 600 years.
+He was buried on Peer Pahadi, Bihar Sharif and the foundation stone his Makbara was led by [[Sharfuddin Yahya Maneri]] and it was constructed by Daud Mallick, elder adopted son of Baya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Syed Amjad |title=Malik Ibrahim Baya: A Revered Figure in Bihar's History and Sufi Tradition |url=https://www.newageislam.com/islamic-personalities/syed-amjad-hussain-new-age-islam/malik-ibrahim-baya-revered-figure-bihar-s-history-sufi-tradition/d/132783 |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=New Age Islam |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Askari |first=Syed Hasan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=65YeAAAAMAAJ |title=Aspects of the Cultural History of Medieval Bihar |date=1984 |publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayswal Research Institute |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hifz-ur-Rahman |first=Dr. Muhammad |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/tazkira-e-sufiya-e-bihar-mohammad-hifzurrahman-ebooks |title=Tazkira-e-Sufiya-e-Bihar |publisher=Educational Publishing House |year=2021 |location=Delhi |language=ur}}</ref>
-After 600 years, the structure stands as if it were built in recent days.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 51: / Line 52: @@
 * [https://books.google.com/books?id=O3GXOqPa67MC&dq=syed+ibrahim+malik+biya&pg=PA160] from BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCYCOPEDIA OF SUFIS SOUTH ASIA By N.Hanif {{ISBN|81-7625-087-2}} IN PAGE NO-160.
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Syed Ibrahim Mallick}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Bayu Malik Ibrahim}}
 [[Category:Indian people of Arab descent]]
 [[Category:Afghan Arabs]]
 [[Category:Indian Sufis]]
 [[Category:History of Bihar]]
-[[Category:Delhi Sultanate]]
+[[Category:People from the Delhi Sultanate]]
 [[Category:1353 deaths]]
-[[Category:Assassinated people in the medieval Islamic world]]
+[[Category:Assassinated people of the medieval Islamic world]]
 [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
 [[Category:People from Bihar Sharif]]
-[[Category:14th-century assassinated people]]
+[[Category:People assassinated in the 14th century]]