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{{Short description|Scottish journalist and war correspondent}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
'''Evelyn Graham Irons''' (17 June 1900 – 3 April 2000) was a [[Scottish people|Scottish]] journalist, the first woman [[war correspondent]] to be decorated with the French [[Croix de Guerre]].<ref name="Watson"/><ref name="AP">{{cite web | url=http://www.newsday.com/news/obituaries-evelyn-graham-irons-99-war-correspondent-1.287278 | title=Obituaries | publisher=Associated Press | work=Evelyn Graham Irons, 99, War Correspondent | date=1 May 2000 | accessdate=15 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Chambers">{{cite book | last1 = Steiner | first1 = Linda | last2 = Chambers | first2 = Deborah | last3 = Fleming | first3 = Carole | author-link1 = Linda Steiner | contribution = Conclusion: women, journalism and new media | editor-last1 = Steiner | editor-first1 = Linda | editor-last2 = Chambers | editor-first2 = Deborah | editor-last3 = Fleming | editor-first3 = Carole | editor-link1 = Linda Steiner | title = Women and journalism | page = 204 | publisher = Routledge | location = London New York | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780203500668 | ref = harv | postscript = .}} [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=olAJxqGZ6VkC&pg=PA204 Preview.]</ref>
'''Evelyn Graham Irons''' (17 June 1900 – 3 April 2000)<ref name="NYTimes" /> was a [[Scottish people|Scottish]] journalist, the first female [[war correspondent]] to be decorated with the French [[Croix de Guerre]].<ref name="Watson"/><ref name="AP">{{cite web | url=http://www.newsday.com/news/obituaries-evelyn-graham-irons-99-war-correspondent-1.287278 | title=Obituaries | publisher=Associated Press | work=Evelyn Graham Irons, 99, War Correspondent | date=1 May 2000 | access-date=15 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="Chambers">{{cite book | last1 = Steiner | first1 = Linda | last2 = Chambers | first2 = Deborah | last3 = Fleming | first3 = Carole | author-link1 = Linda Steiner | contribution = Conclusion: women, journalism and new media | editor-last1 = Steiner | editor-first1 = Linda | editor-last2 = Chambers | editor-first2 = Deborah | editor-last3 = Fleming | editor-first3 = Carole | editor-link1 = Linda Steiner | title = Women and journalism | page = 204 | publisher = Routledge | location = London New York | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780203500668 }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=olAJxqGZ6VkC&pg=PA204 Preview.]</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Irons was born in [[Govan]], Glasgow to Joseph Jones Irons, a stockbroker, and Edith Mary Latta or Irons.<ref name="Edinburgh Gazette">{{cite web | url=http://www.edinburgh-gazette.co.uk/issues/14603/pages/1483/page.pdf | title=Edinburgh Gazette | publisher=Edinburgh Gazette | work=Joseph Jones Irons | date=26 November 1929 | accessdate=15 January 2012 | pages=1483}}</ref> She graduated from [[Somerville College]], [[Oxford]].<ref name="NYTimes"/>
Irons was born in [[Govan]], Glasgow to Joseph Jones Irons, a stockbroker, and Edith Mary Latta or Irons.<ref name="Edinburgh Gazette">{{cite web | url=http://www.edinburgh-gazette.co.uk/issues/14603/pages/1483/page.pdf | title=Edinburgh Gazette | publisher=Edinburgh Gazette | work=Joseph Jones Irons | date=26 November 1929 | access-date=15 January 2012 | pages=1483 | archive-date=6 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306065110/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> She graduated from [[Somerville College]], [[Oxford]].<ref name="NYTimes"/>


==Career==
==Career==
Irons's career in journalism began at the ''[[Daily Mail]]'', where the editor assigned her to the beauty page even though she herself had never worn makeup. She was ultimately fired for "looking unfashionable".<ref name="Watson">{{cite news | last = Watson | first = Molly | author2 = | title = Standard War Correspondent Who Broke Vita's Heart | work = Evening Standard (London) | pages = | language = | publisher = | date = 5 January 2000 | url = http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4153/is_20000105/ai_n9534905 | accessdate = 5 February 2007 }}</ref> At the ''[[Evening Standard]]'' she edited the "women's interest" pages, but when [[World War II]] broke out she informed the news editor "From now on I'm working for you."<ref name="obituary1">{{cite news | last = Brenner | first = Felix | author2 = | title = Obituary: Evelyn Irons | work = The Independent (London) | pages = | language = | publisher = | date = 25 April 2000 | url = http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20000425/ai_n14306831 | accessdate = 5 February 2007 }}</ref> Though [[Bernard Montgomery|General Montgomery]] objected to women reporters on the battlefield, she gained the support of French General [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]] and became one of the first journalists to reach liberated Paris.<ref name="Watson"/> She was the first woman journalist to reach Hitler's [[Kehlsteinhaus|Eagle's Nest]] after its capture; after climbing there through the snow she helped herself to a bottle of Hitler's "excellent [[Rhine wine]]".<ref name="timeslondon">{{cite news | last = | first = | author2 = | title = Evelyn Irons | work = Times (London) | pages = 25 | language = | publisher = | date = 11 May 2000 | url = | accessdate = }} ProQuest document ID 53720412.</ref>
Irons's career in journalism began at the ''[[Daily Mail]]'', where the editor assigned her to the beauty page even though she herself had never worn makeup. She was ultimately fired for "looking unfashionable".<ref name="Watson">{{cite news | last = Watson | first = Molly | title = Standard War Correspondent Who Broke Vita's Heart | work = Evening Standard (London) | date = 5 January 2000 | url = http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4153/is_20000105/ai_n9534905 | access-date = 5 February 2007 }}</ref> At the ''[[Evening Standard]]'' she edited the "women's interest" pages, but when [[World War II]] broke out she informed the news editor "From now on I'm working for you."<ref name="obituary1">{{cite news | last = Brenner | first = Felix | title = Obituary: Evelyn Irons | work = The Independent (London) | date = 25 April 2000 | url = http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20000425/ai_n14306831 | access-date = 5 February 2007 }}</ref> Though [[Bernard Montgomery|General Montgomery]] objected to women reporters on the battlefield, she gained the support of French General [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]] and became one of the first journalists to reach liberated Paris.<ref name="Watson"/> She was the first woman journalist to reach Hitler's [[Kehlsteinhaus|Eagle's Nest]] after its capture; after climbing there through the snow she helped herself to a bottle of Hitler's "excellent [[Rhine wine]]".<ref name="timeslondon">{{cite news | title = Evelyn Irons | work = Times (London) | pages = 25 | date = 11 May 2000 }} ProQuest document ID 53720412.</ref>


Irons travelled to the United States in 1952 to cover the presidential election and stayed on afterward, settling near [[Brewster, New York]].<ref name="obituary1"/> In 1954 she broke a [[news embargo]] on the overthrow of Guatemalan President [[Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán]] by hiring a mule to take her to [[Chiquimula]] while other journalists, forbidden to cross the border, waited in a bar in Honduras. She became the first reporter to reach the headquarters of the Provisional Government; a reporter for a rival paper received a telegram from his editor ordering him to "offget arse onget donkey".<ref name="obituary2">The ''Independent'''s obituary refers to the "Guatemalan revolution of 1957" but a contemporary ''New York Times'' story establishes the correct event and date. {{cite news | last = Bracker | first = Milton | author2 = | title = Rebels Bid Army Overturn Arbenz | work = | pages = 7 | language = | publisher = | date = 27 June 1954 | url = | accessdate = }}</ref>
Irons travelled to the United States in 1952 to cover the presidential election and stayed on afterward, settling near [[Brewster, New York]].<ref name="obituary1"/> In 1954 she broke a [[news embargo]] on the overthrow of Guatemalan President [[Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán]] by hiring a mule to take her to [[Chiquimula]] while other journalists, forbidden to cross the border, waited in a bar in Honduras. She became the first reporter to reach the headquarters of the Provisional Government; a reporter for a rival paper received a telegram from his editor ordering him to "offget arse onget donkey".<ref name="obituary2">The ''Independent'''s obituary refers to the "Guatemalan revolution of 1957" but a contemporary ''New York Times'' story establishes the correct event and date. {{cite news | last = Bracker | first = Milton | title = Rebels Bid Army Overturn Arbenz | pages = 7 | date = 27 June 1954 }}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Irons's relationship with the writer [[Vita Sackville-West]] was well-known – months before her death, an ''Evening Standard'' headline identified her as the "war correspondent who broke Vita's heart" – but the romance was brief.<ref name="Watson"/>
Irons's relationship with the writer [[Vita Sackville-West]] was well-known – months before her death, an ''Evening Standard'' headline identified her as the "war correspondent who broke Vita's heart" – but the romance was brief.<ref name="Watson"/>


According to biographer Victoria Glendinning, in 1931 Irons went as editor of the [[Daily Mail]] women's page to interview Sackville-West at [[Sissinghurst Castle Garden|Sissinghurst]] where she was designing and shaping the famous gardens. Sackville-West was married to Harold Nicolson (and had already had several extra-marital affairs including [[Violet Trefusis]]), while Irons was involved with Olive Rinder.<ref name="NYTimes"/><ref>Glendinning, 1983.</ref> As if this were not complex enough, Rinder also became a lover of Sackville-West, forming a [[menage-a-trois]] during 1932 that ended when Irons met a fellow journalist, Joy McSweeney.<ref name="NYTimes"/>
According to biographer [[Victoria Glendinning]], in 1931 Irons went as editor of the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' [[women's page]] to interview Sackville-West at [[Sissinghurst Castle Garden|Sissinghurst]] where she was designing and shaping the famous gardens. Sackville-West was married to [[Harold Nicolson]] (and had already had several extra-marital affairs, including with [[Violet Trefusis]]), while Irons was involved with Olive Rinder.<ref name="NYTimes"/><ref>Glendinning, 1983.</ref> As if this were not complex enough, Rinder also became a lover of Sackville-West, forming a ''[[menage-a-trois]]'' during 1932 that ended when Irons met a fellow journalist, Joy McSweeney.<ref name="NYTimes"/>


===Joy McSweeney===
⚫
Sackville-West's 1931 love poems are addressed to Irons, though the "more erotic ones" were never published.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite web | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/30/nyregion/evelyn-irons-war-reporter-is-dead-at-99.html | title=Obituaries | publisher=New York Times | work=Evelyn Irons, War Reporter, Is Dead at 99 | date=30 April 2000 | accessdate=15 January 2012 | author=Lewis, Paul}}</ref> Irons and Sackville-West remained lifelong friends who "corresponded warmly".<ref name="NYTimes"/>
Joy McSweeney (1885–1988) was an English journalist. McSweeney married and divorced twice before meeting Irons at a party in July 1931.<ref name="Lewis">{{cite web |last1=Lewis|first1=Paul|title=Evelyn Irons, War Reporter, Is Dead at 99|website=[[The New York Times]] |date=2000|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/30/nyregion/evelyn-irons-war-reporter-is-dead-at-99.html|access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref> Irons left [[Vita Sackville-West]] to stay with McSweeney;<ref name="Souhami">{{cite book|last1=Souhami|first1=Diana|title=The Trials of Radclyffe Hall|date=2012|publisher=Hachette UK|page=248|isbn=9781780878799|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iv5gBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT248|access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref> According to Sue Fox, Irons' biographer, "It was love at first sight. [...] Right from the start, they were meant to be together. It was a relaxed, natural relationship."<ref name="The Telegraph 2001" />


McSweeney and Irons bought Lodge Hill Cottage, a 16th-century Grade II listed cottage in [[Medmenham]], Buckinghamshire. McSweeney found the cottage in 1935 and pushed Irons to first lease and then buy it. When McSweeney and Irons moved to [[Brewster, New York]], in 1952, they rented the cottage to several tenants, including the American cookbook writer [[Sylvia Vaughn Thompson]].<ref name="The Telegraph 2001">{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/advice/propertymarket/3290232/Inside-story-a-woman-of-no-little-importance.html|title=Inside story: a woman of no little importance|website=The Telegraph|date=2001|access-date=7 January 2018}}</ref>
⚫
In 1935, Irons won the Royal Humane Society's Stanhope Gold Medal "for the bravest deed of 1935". She "rescued a woman from drowning under very courageous circumstances at Tresaith Beach, Cardiganshire." It was the first time the medal had been awarded to a woman.<ref name="Stanhope Gold Medal">{{cite web | url=http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME084-1936/page222-volume84-august1936.pdf | title=Outside the Gates | publisher=The British Journal of Nursing | work=Stanhope Gold Medal | date=August 1936 | accessdate=15 January 2012 | pages=222}}</ref>


McSweeney died in 1988,<ref name=Lewis /><ref name="horowitz">{{cite web|title=The Evelyn Irons archive|url=http://www.glennhorowitz.com/dobkin/archive_evelyn_irons_archive._5_large_slipcases|website=Dobkin Family Collection of Feminism|publisher=Glenn Horowitz Bookseller|access-date=7 January 2018|quote=... until Joy's death in 1988|archive-date=8 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108062757/http://www.glennhorowitz.com/dobkin/archive_evelyn_irons_archive._5_large_slipcases|url-status=dead}}</ref> although one source reports 1978.<ref name="The Telegraph 2001" />
⚫
Irons and McSweeney lived together until McSweeney's death in 1978.<ref name="obituary2"/> Irons died in Brewster, N.Y., on 3 April 2000, at the age of 99, two months short of her 100th birthday.<ref name="NYTimes"/>

⚫
Sackville-West's 1931 love poems are addressed to Irons, though the "more erotic ones" were never published.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/30/nyregion/evelyn-irons-war-reporter-is-dead-at-99.html | title=Obituaries | publisher=New York Times | work=Evelyn Irons, War Reporter, Is Dead at 99 | date=30 April 2000 | access-date=15 January 2012 | author=Lewis, Paul}}</ref> Irons and Sackville-West remained lifelong friends who "corresponded warmly".<ref name="NYTimes"/>

⚫
In 1935, Irons won the [[Royal Humane Society]]'s [[Stanhope Gold Medal]] "for the bravest deed of 1935". She "rescued a woman from drowning under very courageous circumstances at Tresaith Beach, Cardiganshire." It was the first time the medal had been awarded to a woman.<ref name="Stanhope Gold Medal">{{cite web | url=http://rcnarchive.rcn.org.uk/data/VOLUME084-1936/page222-volume84-august1936.pdf | title=Outside the Gates | publisher=The British Journal of Nursing | work=Stanhope Gold Medal | date=August 1936 | access-date=15 January 2012 | pages=222}}</ref> She received the medal from the [[King George VI|Prince George, Duke of York]] at his residence, [[145 Piccadilly]], in June 1936.<ref name="TimesJun39">{{cite news|title=First Woman To Receive The Stanhope Gold Medal|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS219492057/TTDA?u=wes_ttda&sid=bookmark-TTDA&xid=00a4cafa|accessdate=5 February 2024|work=[[The Times]]|issue=47410|date=25 June 1936|page=13}}</ref>

⚫
Irons and McSweeney lived together until McSweeney's death in 1978.<ref name="obituary2"/> Irons died in [[Brewster, New York]], on 3 April 2000, at the age of 99, two months short of her 100th birthday.<ref name="NYTimes"/>


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
Line 28: Line 36:
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME =Irons, Evelyn
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Scottish Journalist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 17 June 1900
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Scotland
| DATE OF DEATH = 3 April 2000
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Irons, Evelyn}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Irons, Evelyn}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:LGBT writers from Scotland]]
[[Category:Scottish lesbian writers]]
[[Category:Scottish journalists]]
[[Category:Scottish LGBTQ journalists]]
[[Category:LGBT journalists from the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Scottish women journalists]]
[[Category:Lesbian journalists]]
[[Category:People from Govan]]
[[Category:People from Govan]]
[[Category:Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford]]
[[Category:People from Brewster, New York]]
[[Category:People from Brewster, New York]]
[[Category:Female recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)]]
[[Category:Women's page journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish LGBTQ people]]

Latest revision as of 06:18, 8 January 2025

Evelyn Graham Irons (17 June 1900 – 3 April 2000)[1] was a Scottish journalist, the first female war correspondent to be decorated with the French Croix de Guerre.[2][3][4]

Early life

[edit]

Irons was born in Govan, Glasgow to Joseph Jones Irons, a stockbroker, and Edith Mary Latta or Irons.[5] She graduated from Somerville College, Oxford.[1]

Career

[edit]

Irons's career in journalism began at the Daily Mail, where the editor assigned her to the beauty page even though she herself had never worn makeup. She was ultimately fired for "looking unfashionable".[2] At the Evening Standard she edited the "women's interest" pages, but when World War II broke out she informed the news editor "From now on I'm working for you."[6] Though General Montgomery objected to women reporters on the battlefield, she gained the support of French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny and became one of the first journalists to reach liberated Paris.[2] She was the first woman journalist to reach Hitler's Eagle's Nest after its capture; after climbing there through the snow she helped herself to a bottle of Hitler's "excellent Rhine wine".[7]

Irons travelled to the United States in 1952 to cover the presidential election and stayed on afterward, settling near Brewster, New York.[6] In 1954 she broke a news embargo on the overthrow of Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán by hiring a mule to take her to Chiquimula while other journalists, forbidden to cross the border, waited in a bar in Honduras. She became the first reporter to reach the headquarters of the Provisional Government; a reporter for a rival paper received a telegram from his editor ordering him to "offget arse onget donkey".[8]

Personal life

[edit]

Irons's relationship with the writer Vita Sackville-West was well-known – months before her death, an Evening Standard headline identified her as the "war correspondent who broke Vita's heart" – but the romance was brief.[2]

According to biographer Victoria Glendinning, in 1931 Irons went as editor of the Daily Mail women's page to interview Sackville-West at Sissinghurst where she was designing and shaping the famous gardens. Sackville-West was married to Harold Nicolson (and had already had several extra-marital affairs, including with Violet Trefusis), while Irons was involved with Olive Rinder.[1][9] As if this were not complex enough, Rinder also became a lover of Sackville-West, forming a menage-a-trois during 1932 that ended when Irons met a fellow journalist, Joy McSweeney.[1]

Joy McSweeney

[edit]

Joy McSweeney (1885–1988) was an English journalist. McSweeney married and divorced twice before meeting Irons at a party in July 1931.[10] Irons left Vita Sackville-West to stay with McSweeney;[11] According to Sue Fox, Irons' biographer, "It was love at first sight. [...] Right from the start, they were meant to be together. It was a relaxed, natural relationship."[12]

McSweeney and Irons bought Lodge Hill Cottage, a 16th-century Grade II listed cottage in Medmenham, Buckinghamshire. McSweeney found the cottage in 1935 and pushed Irons to first lease and then buy it. When McSweeney and Irons moved to Brewster, New York, in 1952, they rented the cottage to several tenants, including the American cookbook writer Sylvia Vaughn Thompson.[12]

McSweeney died in 1988,[10][13] although one source reports 1978.[12]

Sackville-West's 1931 love poems are addressed to Irons, though the "more erotic ones" were never published.[1] Irons and Sackville-West remained lifelong friends who "corresponded warmly".[1]

In 1935, Irons won the Royal Humane Society's Stanhope Gold Medal "for the bravest deed of 1935". She "rescued a woman from drowning under very courageous circumstances at Tresaith Beach, Cardiganshire." It was the first time the medal had been awarded to a woman.[14] She received the medal from the Prince George, Duke of York at his residence, 145 Piccadilly, in June 1936.[15]

Irons and McSweeney lived together until McSweeney's death in 1978.[8] Irons died in Brewster, New York, on 3 April 2000, at the age of 99, two months short of her 100th birthday.[1]

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Glendinning, Victoria. Vita: The Life of V. Sackville-West. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Lewis, Paul (30 April 2000). "Obituaries". Evelyn Irons, War Reporter, Is Dead at 99. New York Times. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d Watson, Molly (5 January 2000). "Standard War Correspondent Who Broke Vita's Heart". Evening Standard (London). Retrieved 5 February 2007.
  3. ^ "Obituaries". Evelyn Graham Irons, 99, War Correspondent. Associated Press. 1 May 2000. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  4. ^ Steiner, Linda; Chambers, Deborah; Fleming, Carole (2004). "Conclusion: women, journalism and new media". In Steiner, Linda; Chambers, Deborah; Fleming, Carole (eds.). Women and journalism. London New York: Routledge. p. 204. ISBN 9780203500668. Preview.
  5. ^ "Edinburgh Gazette". Joseph Jones Irons. Edinburgh Gazette. 26 November 1929. p. 1483. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  6. ^ a b Brenner, Felix (25 April 2000). "Obituary: Evelyn Irons". The Independent (London). Retrieved 5 February 2007.
  7. ^ "Evelyn Irons". Times (London). 11 May 2000. p. 25. ProQuest document ID 53720412.
  8. ^ a b The Independent's obituary refers to the "Guatemalan revolution of 1957" but a contemporary New York Times story establishes the correct event and date. Bracker, Milton (27 June 1954). "Rebels Bid Army Overturn Arbenz". p. 7.
  9. ^ Glendinning, 1983.
  10. ^ a b Lewis, Paul (2000). "Evelyn Irons, War Reporter, Is Dead at 99". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  11. ^ Souhami, Diana (2012). The Trials of Radclyffe Hall. Hachette UK. p. 248. ISBN 9781780878799. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  12. ^ a b c "Inside story: a woman of no little importance". The Telegraph. 2001. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  13. ^ "The Evelyn Irons archive". Dobkin Family Collection of Feminism. Glenn Horowitz Bookseller. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2018. ... until Joy's death in 1988
  14. ^ "Outside the Gates" (PDF). Stanhope Gold Medal. The British Journal of Nursing. August 1936. p. 222. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
  15. ^ "First Woman To Receive The Stanhope Gold Medal". The Times. No. 47410. 25 June 1936. p. 13. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
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