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The Geneva Competition was founded in 1939 under the name "Concours international d'exécution musicale de Genève". It is one of the world’s leading international music competitions. In 1957, it was one of the founding members of the [[World Federation of International Music Competitions|World Federation of International Music Competition]] (WFIMC), whose headquarters are in Geneva.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 June 2018|title=Who we are|url=https://wfimc-fmcim.org/who-we-are/|access-date=25 June 2020|website=World Federation of International Music Competitions|language=en-GB}}</ref>
The '''Geneva International Music Competition''' ({{Langx|fr|link=no|Concours international d'exécution musicale de Genève}}) is one of the world's leading international music competitions, founded in 1939. In 1957, it was one of the founding members of the [[World Federation of International Music Competitions|World Federation of International Music Competition]] (WFIMC), whose headquarters are in [[Geneva]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 June 2018|title=Who we are|url=https://wfimc-fmcim.org/who-we-are/|access-date=25 June 2020|website=World Federation of International Music Competitions|language=en-GB}}</ref>


Today, the Geneva Competition alternates between several main disciplines: piano, flute, oboe, clarinet, cello, viola, string quartet, voice and percussion. Every second year, it offers a Composition Prize. Upcoming competitions are cello & oboe (2021), piano & composition (2022), flute & string quartet (2023) and voice & composition (2024).<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Competition {{!}} Concours de Genève|url=https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/about/the_competition/|access-date=25 June 2020|website=www.concoursgeneve.ch}}</ref>
Today, the Geneva Competition alternates between several main disciplines: piano, flute, oboe, clarinet, cello, viola, string quartet, voice and percussion. Every second year, it offers a Composition Prize. Upcoming competitions are cello & oboe (2021), piano & composition (2022), flute & string quartet (2023) and voice & composition (2024).<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Competition {{!}} Concours de Genève|url=https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/about/the_competition/|access-date=25 June 2020|website=www.concoursgeneve.ch}}</ref>


Its prizewinners include world-famous artists such as [[Martha Argerich]], [[Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli|Arturo Benedetti-Michelangeli]], [[Victoria de los Ángeles|Victoria De Los Angeles]], [[Alan Gilbert (conductor)|Alan Gilbert]], Nelson Goerner, [[Friedrich Gulda]], [[Heinz Holliger]], [[Nobuko Imai]], [[Melos Quartet]], [[Emmanuel Pahud]], [[Maurizio Pollini]], [[Georg Solti]], [[José van Dam|José Van Dam]], [[Christian Zacharias]] and [[Tabea Zimmermann]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Search Laureates {{!}} Concours de Genève|url=https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/laureates/search_laureates/|access-date=25 June 2020|website=www.concoursgeneve.ch}}</ref>
Its prizewinners include world-famous artists such as [[Martha Argerich]], [[Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli|Arturo Benedetti-Michelangeli]], [[Victoria de los Ángeles]], [[Alan Gilbert (conductor)|Alan Gilbert]], Nelson Goerner, [[Friedrich Gulda]], [[Heinz Holliger]], [[Nobuko Imai]], [[Melos Quartet]], [[Emmanuel Pahud]], [[Maurizio Pollini]], [[Georg Solti]], [[José van Dam]], [[Christian Zacharias]] and [[Tabea Zimmermann]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Search Laureates {{!}} Concours de Genève|url=https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/laureates/search_laureates/|access-date=25 June 2020|website=www.concoursgeneve.ch|archive-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219182517/https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/laureates/search_laureates/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


In addition to its official prizes, the Geneva International Music Competition offers a career development programme, which provides precious support and advice to help boost laureates’ careers. This programme includes two years of concert management, as well as CD recordings, international tours, a festival and professional workshops.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Career development {{!}} Concours de Genève|url=https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/laureates/career_development/|access-date=25 June 2020|website=www.concoursgeneve.ch}}</ref>
In addition to its official prizes, the Geneva International Music Competition offers a career development programme, which provides precious support and advice to help boost laureates' careers. This programme includes two years of concert management, as well as CD recordings, international tours, a festival and professional workshops.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Career development {{!}} Concours de Genève|url=https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/laureates/career_development/|access-date=25 June 2020|website=www.concoursgeneve.ch}}</ref>


== 1st prize winners ==
== 1st prize winners ==
{{div col}}
*2019 Composition: Hinako Takagi [[Japan]] (ex aequo)
*1939 Clarinet [[Robert Gugolz]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*2019 Composition: Daniel Arango-Prada [[Colombia]] (ex aequo)
*1939 Piano [[Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli]] {{flag|Italy|1861}}
*2019 Percussion: Hyeji Bak, [[South Korea]]
*2018 Clarinet: [[Kevin Spagnolo]] {{flag|Italy}}
*1939 Voice [[Maria Stader]], {{flag|Hungary|1920}}
*2018 Piano: [[Dmitry Shishkin]] {{flag|Russia}} (ex aequo)
*1942 Piano [[Georg Solti]] {{flag|Hungary|1920}}
*1947 Clarinet [[Henri Druart]] {{flag|France|1830}}
*2018 Piano: Théo Fouchenneret [[France]] (ex aequo)
*1948 Piano [[Charles Reiner]] {{flag|Hungary}}<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/charles-reiner-emc|title=Charles Reiner|author=
*2017 Composition: [[Jaehyuck Choi]]
Betty Nygaard King, Gilles Potvin|date=16 December 2013|work=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]}}</ref>
*2016 Quartet: [[Vision String Quartet]] {{flag|Germany}}
*2015 Composition: [[Shoichi Yabuta]] {{flag|Japan}}
*1950 Clarinet [[Paul-Jacques Lambert]] {{flag|France|1830}}
*2014 Piano: [[Jiyeong Mun|Ji-Yeong Mun]] {{flag|South Korea}}
*1953 Piano [[Jacques Klein]] {{flag|Brazil|1889}}
*2013 Composition: [[Kwang Ho Cho]] {{flag|South Korea}}
*1954 Voice [[Pamela Bowden]] {{flag|United Kingdom}}
*1957 Clarinet [[:bg:Петко Радев (кларинетист)|Petko Radev]] {{flag|Bulgaria|1946}}
*2012 Piano: [[Lorenzo Soulès]] {{flag|France}}
*2011 Composition: [[Artur Akshelyan]] {{flag|Armenia}}
*1957 Piano [[Dominique Merlet]] {{flag|France|1830}} (ex aequo)
*2011 Quartet: [[Armida Quartet]] {{flag|Germany}} (ex aequo)
*1957 Piano [[Martha Argerich]] {{flag|Argentina}} (ex aequo)
*1957 Voice [[James Milligan (singer)|James Milligan]] {{flag|Canada}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Baritone Dies At 33|work=[[Calgary Herald]]|date=29 November 1961|page=42}}</ref>
*2011 Quartet: [[Hermès Quartet]] {{flag|France}} (ex aequo)
*2010 Piano: [[Mami Hagiwara]] {{flag|Japan}}
*1959 Oboe [[Heinz Holliger]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*2009 Voice: [[Polina Pasztircsák]] {{flag|Hungary}}
*1960 Clarinet [[Peter Rieckhoff]] {{flag|West Germany}}
*2008 Cello: [[István Várdai (cellist)|István Várdai]] {{flag|Hungary}}
*1961 Piano [[Désiré N'Kaoua]] {{flag|France}}
*2005 Viola: [[Ryszard Groblewski]] {{flag|Poland}}
*1961 Flute [[Michel Debost]] {{flag|France}}
*2002 Percussion: [[Aiyun Huang]] {{flag|Canada}}
*1962 Organ [[Joachim Grubich]] {{flag|Poland|1928}}
*2002 Piano: [[Sergey Koudriakov]] {{flag|Russia}}
*1971 Cello [[Myung-wha Chung]] {{flag|South Korea|1949}}
*2001 Flute: [[Silvia Careddu]] {{flag|Italy}}
*1972 Clarinet [[Thomas Friedli]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*2001 Piano: [[Roland Krüger]] {{flag|Germany}}
*1972 Viola [[Atar Arad]] {{flag|Israel}}
*1972 Voice [[Konstantin Pluzhnikov (tenor)|Konstantin Ploujnikov]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*2001 Quartet: Quatuor Terpsycordes, [[Switzerland]]
*2000 Voice: [[Annette Dasch]] {{flag|Germany}} (ex aequo)
*1973 Double Bass [[Ivan Kotov]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*2000 Voice: [[Werner Erik Nelson]] {{flag|United States}} (ex aequo)
*1973 Flute [[Kohno Toshiko]] {{flag|Japan|1870}}
*2000 Cello: [[Rafael Rosenfeld]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*1973 Quartet [[Quatuor Kreuzberger]] {{flag|West Germany}}
*1998 Oboe: [[Alexei Ogrintchouk]] {{flag|Russia}}
*1973 Trombone [[Anatole Skobelev]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*1974 Harp [[Olga Ortenberg]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*1998 Double Bass: Janusz Widzyk, [[Poland]]
*1997 Clarinet: [[Martin Fröst]] {{flag|Sweden}}
*1974 Voice [[Gary Kendall]] {{flag|United States}}
*1975 Guitar [[Dusan Bogdanovic]] {{flag|Yugoslavia}}
*1996 Trumpet: André Henry, [[France]]
*1995 Cello: [[Claudio Bohorquez]] {{flag|Sweden}}
*1976 Piano [[Tatiana Chebanova]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*1995 Guitar: [[Georgi Vassiliev]] {{flag|Bulgaria}}
*1976 Voice [[Katherine Ciesinski]] {{flag|United States}}
*1977 Oboe [[Jean-Christophe Gayot]] {{flag|France}}
*1995 Bassoon: Laurent Lefèvre, [[France]]
*1994 Conducting: [[Alan Gilbert (conductor)|Alan Gilbert]] {{flag|United States}}
*1977 Viola [[AnaBela Chaves]] {{flag|Portugal}}
*1993 Voice: [[Jane Irwin]] {{flag|United Kingdom}}
*1977 Voice [[Kristine Ciesinski]] {{flag|United States}}
*1993 Organ: [[Alessio Corti]] {{flag|Italy}}
*1978 Voice [[Margareta Haverinen]] {{flag|Finland}}
*1993 Violin [[Manara Francesco]] {{flag|Italy}}
*1979 Voice [[Jean Christian]] {{flag|France}}
*1992 Flute [[Emmanuel Pahud]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*1980 Bassoon [[Gilbert Audin]] {{flag|France}}
*1991 Tuba [[Jens Bjørn-Larsen]] {{flag|Denmark}}
*1980 Vocal Quartet [[New York Vocal Ensemble]] {{flag|United States}}
*1991 Cello [[Wenn-Sinn Yang]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*1982 Percussion [[Peter Sadlo]] {{flag|West Germany}}
*1990 Clarinet [[Fabio Di-Casola]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*1982 Piano [[Evgeny Krouchevsky]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*1990 Piano [[Nelson Goerner]] {{flag|Argentina}}
*1982 Viola [[Tabea Zimmermann]] {{flag|West Germany}}
*1990 Violin [[Zheng-Rong Wang]] {{flag|China}}
*1983 Bass [[Nico Abondolo]] {{flag|United States}}
*1988 Guitar [[Viktor Vidović]] {{flag|Yugoslavia}}
*1983 Voice [[Juliana Gondek]] {{flag|United States}}
*1988 Trombone [[Jonas Bylund]] {{flag|Sweden}}
*1984 Conducting [[Grzegorz Nowak (conductor)|Grzegorz Nowak]] {{flag|Poland}}
*1985 Organ [[Jonathan Biggers]] {{flag|United States}}
*1988 Oboe [[Alex Klein]], [[Brazil]]
*1985 Voice [[Chihiro Bamba]] {{flag|Japan}}
*1986 Cello [[Leonid Gorokhov]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*1987 Bassoon [[Anders Engström]]{{flag|Sweden}}
*1987 Trumpet [[Ole Edvard Antonsen]] {{flag|Norway}}
*1987 Viola [[Hong-Mei Xiao]] {{flag|China}}
*1987 Viola [[Hong-Mei Xiao]] {{flag|China}}
*1987 Voice [[Maria Diaconu]] {{flag|Romania|1965}}
*1987 Voice [[Maria Diaconu]] {{flag|Romania|1965}}
*1987 Trumpet [[Ole Edvard Antonsen]] {{flag|Norway}}
*1988 Guitar [[Viktor Vidović]] {{flag|Yugoslavia}}
*1986 Cello [[Leonid Gorokhov]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*1988 Oboe [[Alex Klein]] {{flag|Brazil|1968}}
*1985 Voice [[Chihiro Bamba]] {{flag|Japan}}
*1988 Trombone [[Jonas Bylund]] {{flag|Sweden}}
*1985 Organ [[Jonathan Biggers]] {{flag|United States}}
*1990 Clarinet [[Fabio Di-Casola]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*1984 Conducting [[Grzegorz_Nowak_(conductor)|Grzegorz Nowak]] {{flag|Poland}}
*1990 Piano [[Nelson Goerner]] {{flag|Argentina}}
*1983 Voice [[Juliana Gondek]] {{flag|United States}}
*1990 Violin [[Zheng-Rong Wang]] {{flag|China}}
*1983 Bass [[Nico Abondolo]] {{flag|United States}}
*1991 Cello [[Wenn-Sinn Yang]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*1982 Viola [[Tabea Zimmermann]] {{flag|West Germany}}
*1991 Tuba [[Jens Bjørn-Larsen]] {{flag|Denmark}}
*1982 Percussion [[Peter Sadlo]] {{flag|West Germany}}
*1992 Flute [[Emmanuel Pahud]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*1982 Piano [[Evgeny Krouchevsky]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*1993 Organ: [[Alessio Corti]] {{flag|Italy}}
*1980 Bassoon [[Gilbert Audin]] {{flag|France}}
*1993 Violin [[Manara Francesco]] {{flag|Italy}}
*1980 Vocal Quartet [[New York Vocal Ensemble]] {{flag|United States}}
*1993 Voice: [[Jane Irwin]] {{flag|United Kingdom}}
*1994 Conducting: [[Alan Gilbert (conductor)|Alan Gilbert]] {{flag|United States}}
*1979 Voice [[Jean Christian]] {{flag|France}}
*1978 Voice [[Margareta Haverinen]] {{flag|Finland}}
*1995 Bassoon: Laurent Lefèvre {{flag|France}}
*1977 Viola [[AnaBela Chaves]] {{flag|Portugal}}
*1995 Cello: [[Claudio Bohorquez]] {{flag|Germany}}
*1977 Voice [[Kristine Ciesinski]] {{flag|United States}}
*1995 Guitar: [[Georgi Vassiliev]] {{flag|Bulgaria}}
*1977 Oboe [[Jean-Christophe Gayot]] {{flag|France}}
*1996 Trumpet: André Henry {{flag|France}}
*1976 Voice [[Katherine Ciesinski]] {{flag|United States}}
*1997 Clarinet: [[Martin Fröst]] {{flag|Sweden}}
*1976 Piano [[Tatiana Chebanova]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*1998 Double Bass: Janusz Widzyk {{flag|Poland}}
*1975 Guitar [[Dusan Bogdanovic]] {{flag|Yugoslavia}}
*1998 Oboe: [[Alexei Ogrintchouk]] {{flag|Russia}}
*1974 Voice [[Gary Kendall]] {{flag|United States}}
*2000 Cello: [[Rafael Rosenfeld]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*1974 Harp [[Olga Ortenberg]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*2000 Voice: [[Annette Dasch]] {{flag|Germany}} (ex aequo)
*1973 Quartet [[Quatuor Kreuzberger]] {{flag|West Germany}}
*2000 Voice: [[Werner Erik Nelson]] {{flag|United States}} (ex aequo)
*1973 Flute [[Kohno Toshiko]] {{flag|Japan}}
*2001 Flute: [[Silvia Careddu]] {{flag|Italy}}
*1973 Trombone [[Anatole Skobelev]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*2001 Piano: [[Roland Krüger]] {{flag|Germany}}
*1973 Double Bass [[Ivan Kotov]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*2001 Quartet: Quatuor Terpsycordes {{flag|Switzerland}}
*1972 Viola [[Atar Arad]] {{flag|Israel}}
*2002 Percussion: [[Aiyun Huang]] {{flag|Canada}}
*2002 Piano: [[Sergey Koudriakov]] {{flag|Russia}}
*1972 Voice [[Konstantin Pluzhnikov (tenor)|Konstantin Ploujnikov]] {{flag|Soviet Union}}
*1972 Clarinet [[Thomas Friedli]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*2005 Viola: [[Ryszard Groblewski]] {{flag|Poland}}
*1971 Cello [[Myung-wha Chung]] {{flag|South Korea}}
*2008 Cello: [[István Várdai (cellist)|István Várdai]] {{flag|Hungary}}
*1962 Organ [[Joachim Grubich]] {{flag|Poland}}
*2009 Voice: [[Polina Pasztircsák]] {{flag|Hungary}}
*1960 Clarinet [[Peter Rieckhoff]] {{flag|West Germany}}
*2010 Piano: [[Mami Hagiwara]] {{flag|Japan}}
*1957 Clarinet [[Petkov Radev]] {{flag|Bulgaria|1946}}
*2011 Composition: [[Artur Akshelyan]] {{flag|Armenia}}
*1957 Piano [[Martha Argerich]] {{flag|Argentina}} (ex aequo)
*2011 Quartet: [[Artemis Quartet]] {{flag|Germany}} (ex aequo)
*1957 Piano [[Dominique Merlet]] {{flag|France}} (ex aequo)
*2011 Quartet: [[Hermès Quartet]] {{flag|France}} (ex aequo)
*1954 Voice [[Pamela Bowden]] {{flag|United Kingdom}}
*2012 Piano: [[Lorenzo Soulès]] {{flag|France}}
*1953 Piano [[Jacques Klein]] {{flag|Brazil|1889}}
*2013 Composition: [[Kwang Ho Cho]] {{flag|South Korea}}
*1950 Clarinet [[Paul-Jacques Lambert]] {{flag|France}}
*2014 Piano: [[Jiyeong Mun|Ji-Yeong Mun]] {{flag|South Korea}}
*1947 Clarinet [[Henri Druart]] {{flag|France}}
*2015 Composition: [[Shoichi Yabuta]] {{flag|Japan}}
*1942 Piano [[Georg Solti]] {{flag|Hungary|1920}}
*2016 Quartet: [[Vision String Quartet]] {{flag|Germany}}
*1939 Clarinet [[Robert Gugolz]] {{flag|Switzerland}}
*2017 Composition: [[Jaehyuck Choi]] {{flag|South Korea}}
*1939 Voice [[Maria Stader]], {{flag|Hungary|1920}}
*2018 Clarinet: [[Kevin Spagnolo]] {{flag|Italy}}
*1939 Piano [[Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli]] {{flag|Italy}}
*2018 Piano: Théo Fouchenneret {{flag|France}} (ex aequo)
*2018 Piano: [[Dmitry Shishkin]] {{flag|Russia}} (ex aequo)
[https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/laureates/search_laureates/ Search all prizewinners from 1939]
*2019 Composition: Daniel Arango-Prada {{flag|Colombia}} (ex aequo)
*2019 Composition: [[Hinako Takagi]] {{flag|Japan}} (ex aequo)
*2019 Percussion: Hyeji Bak, {{flag|South Korea}}
{{div col end}}

[https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/laureates/search_laureates/ Search all prizewinners from 1939] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219182517/https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/laureates/search_laureates/ |date=19 December 2018 }}

==Previous Disciplines==
1995 and before, the competition also included a prize for Bassoon. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/concours-international-d-execution-musicale-gen%C3%A8ve--ciem--1995---international-competition-for-musical-performers-geneva--ciem--1995/6379428 | title=Concours International d'Execution Musicale Genève (CIEM) 1995 – International Competition for Musical Performers Geneva (CIEM) 1995 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Winners of the Geneva International Music Competition]]


==References==
==References==
Line 108: Line 124:
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://concoursgeneve.ch/ Main website]
*[http://concoursgeneve.ch/ Main website]
*[https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/laureates/search_laureates/ History and List of Most Notable Winners]
*[https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/laureates/search_laureates/ History and List of Most Notable Winners] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219182517/https://www.concoursgeneve.ch/section/laureates/search_laureates/ |date=19 December 2018 }}
*[https://estore.concoursgeneve.ch/fr/ E-Shop Prizewinners CDs]
*[https://estore.concoursgeneve.ch/fr/ E-Shop Prizewinners CDs]
*[https://wfimc-fmcim.org World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC) website]
*[https://wfimc-fmcim.org World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC) website]


{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Music competitions]]
[[Category:Swiss music]]
[[Category:Events in Geneva]]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Geneva}}
{{music-event-stub}}
[[Category:Music competitions in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Music of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Events in Geneva]]
[[Category:1939 establishments in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 1939]]

Latest revision as of 18:24, 8 January 2025

The Geneva International Music Competition (French: Concours international d'exécution musicale de Genève) is one of the world's leading international music competitions, founded in 1939. In 1957, it was one of the founding members of the World Federation of International Music Competition (WFIMC), whose headquarters are in Geneva.[1]

Today, the Geneva Competition alternates between several main disciplines: piano, flute, oboe, clarinet, cello, viola, string quartet, voice and percussion. Every second year, it offers a Composition Prize. Upcoming competitions are cello & oboe (2021), piano & composition (2022), flute & string quartet (2023) and voice & composition (2024).[2]

Its prizewinners include world-famous artists such as Martha Argerich, Arturo Benedetti-Michelangeli, Victoria de los Ángeles, Alan Gilbert, Nelson Goerner, Friedrich Gulda, Heinz Holliger, Nobuko Imai, Melos Quartet, Emmanuel Pahud, Maurizio Pollini, Georg Solti, José van Dam, Christian Zacharias and Tabea Zimmermann.[3]

In addition to its official prizes, the Geneva International Music Competition offers a career development programme, which provides precious support and advice to help boost laureates' careers. This programme includes two years of concert management, as well as CD recordings, international tours, a festival and professional workshops.[4]

1st prize winners

[edit]

Search all prizewinners from 1939 Archived 19 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine

Previous Disciplines

[edit]

1995 and before, the competition also included a prize for Bassoon. [7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Who we are". World Federation of International Music Competitions. 17 June 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  2. ^ "The Competition | Concours de Genève". www.concoursgeneve.ch. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  3. ^ "Search Laureates | Concours de Genève". www.concoursgeneve.ch. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  4. ^ "Career development | Concours de Genève". www.concoursgeneve.ch. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  5. ^ Betty Nygaard King, Gilles Potvin (16 December 2013). "Charles Reiner". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  6. ^ "Baritone Dies At 33". Calgary Herald. 29 November 1961. p. 42.
  7. ^ "Concours International d'Execution Musicale Genève (CIEM) 1995 – International Competition for Musical Performers Geneva (CIEM) 1995".
[edit]