Epistle of Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans: Difference between revisions
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''Smyrnaeans'' is one of [[Ignatius of Antioch#Epistles|seven epistles]] attributed to Ignatius that are generally accepted as authentic. In 5th century, this collection was enlarged by spurious letters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CHURCH FATHERS: Spurious Epistles (Ignatius of Antioch)|url=https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0114.htm|access-date=2020-09-19|website=www.newadvent.org}}</ref> |
''Smyrnaeans'' is one of [[Ignatius of Antioch#Epistles|seven epistles]] attributed to Ignatius that are generally accepted as authentic. In 5th century, this collection was enlarged by spurious letters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CHURCH FATHERS: Spurious Epistles (Ignatius of Antioch)|url=https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0114.htm|access-date=2020-09-19|website=www.newadvent.org}}</ref> |
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It is clear that ''Smyrnaeans'' was written soon before the martyrdom of Ignatius, but it is uncertain when precisely this martyrdom occurred. Tradition places the martyrdom of Ignatius in the reign of [[Trajan]], who was emperor of Rome from 98 to 117 AD. While many scholars accept the traditional dating of Ignatius' martyrdom under Trajan, others have argued for a somewhat later date. [[Richard Pervo]] dated Ignatius' death to 135-140 AD,<ref name="pervo">{{cite book |last=Pervo |first=Richard I. |title=The Making of Paul: Constructions of the Apostle in Early Christianity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RbGDwsknbdsC |location=Minneapolis, MN |publisher=Fortress Press |pages=134–135 |isbn=978-0-8006-9659-7 |author-link=Richard Pervo }}</ref> and [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Classics|classicist]] [[Timothy Barnes (classicist)|Timothy Barnes]] has argued for a date some time in the 140s AD.<ref name="date of ignatius">{{Citation | last = Barnes | first = Timothy D. | title = The Date of Ignatius | journal = The Expository Times | volume = 120 | number = 3 | pages = 119–130 | date = December 2008 }}</ref> |
It is clear that ''Smyrnaeans'' was written soon before the martyrdom of Ignatius, but it is uncertain when precisely this martyrdom occurred. Tradition places the martyrdom of Ignatius in the reign of [[Trajan]], who was emperor of Rome from 98 to 117 AD. While many scholars accept the traditional dating of Ignatius' martyrdom under Trajan, others have argued for a somewhat later date. [[Richard Pervo]] dated Ignatius' death to 135-140 AD,<ref name="pervo">{{cite book |last=Pervo |first=Richard I. |title=The Making of Paul: Constructions of the Apostle in Early Christianity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RbGDwsknbdsC |location=Minneapolis, MN |publisher=Fortress Press |pages=134–135 |isbn=978-0-8006-9659-7 |author-link=Richard Pervo }}</ref> and [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Classics|classicist]] [[Timothy Barnes (classicist)|Timothy Barnes]] has argued for a date some time in the 140s AD.<ref name="date of ignatius">{{Citation | last = Barnes | first = Timothy D. | title = The Date of Ignatius | journal = The Expository Times | volume = 120 | number = 3 | pages = 119–130 | date = December 2008 | doi = 10.1177/0014524608098730 }}</ref> |
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==Content== |
==Content== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://early.xpian.info/eng/ignatiusofantioch.html An extensive catalogue of English translations of Ignatius's letter to the Smyrnaeans] |
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*[http://www.ccel.org/l/lake/fathers/ignatius-smyrnaeans.htm Greek text of the ''Letter to the Smyrnaeans''] |
*[http://www.ccel.org/l/lake/fathers/ignatius-smyrnaeans.htm Greek text of the ''Letter to the Smyrnaeans''] |
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*{{wikisource-inline|Epistle to the Smyrnaeans}} |
*{{wikisource-inline|Epistle to the Smyrnaeans}} |
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Latest revision as of 00:04, 9 January 2025
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The Epistle of Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans (often simply called Smyrnaeans) is an epistle from circa 110 A.D. attributed to Ignatius of Antioch, a second-century bishop of Antioch, addressed to the Early Christians in Smyrna.
Composition
[edit]Smyrnaeans is one of seven epistles attributed to Ignatius that are generally accepted as authentic. In 5th century, this collection was enlarged by spurious letters.[1]
It is clear that Smyrnaeans was written soon before the martyrdom of Ignatius, but it is uncertain when precisely this martyrdom occurred. Tradition places the martyrdom of Ignatius in the reign of Trajan, who was emperor of Rome from 98 to 117 AD. While many scholars accept the traditional dating of Ignatius' martyrdom under Trajan, others have argued for a somewhat later date. Richard Pervo dated Ignatius' death to 135-140 AD,[2] and British classicist Timothy Barnes has argued for a date some time in the 140s AD.[3]
Content
[edit] | This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2019) |
The epistle mentions the resurrection of Jesus: "Now, he suffered all these things for our sake, that we might be saved. And he truly suffered, even as he truly raised himself up; not as certain unbelievers say, that he suffered in semblance, they themselves only existing in semblance" (2:1a). The term translated "semblance" is the Greek word "dokein" (δοκεῖν, "to seem"). This word is that from which the heresy of docetism (the heresy that the body of Jesus was merely a projected illusion) got its name. The primary purpose of the letter to the Smyrnaeans is to counter those who make the claims of docetism.
To counter the teaching of the docetists, who claimed that Jesus did not come in the flesh, Ignatius wrote the first 7 sections demonstrating the real incarnation of Jesus, thus saying about the Eucharist: "They [the docetists] abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer, because they confess not the Eucharist to be the flesh of our Saviour Jesus Christ, which suffered for our sins, and which the Father, of His goodness, raised up again. They who deny the gift of God are perishing in their disputes" (7:1).
The letter is also the earliest recorded evidence of the use of the term "Catholic Church.” Saint Ignatius, who wrote some 900 years before the Great Schism, uses the term "Catholic" to mean the "Universal Church" (as the term “Catholic” comes from the Greek katholikos, meaning “universal”).
See also
[edit]
- Christianity in the 1st century
- Christianity in the 2nd century
- Early centers of Christianity
- Early Christianity
- History of early Christianity
- List of Patriarchs of Antioch
References
[edit]- ^ "CHURCH FATHERS: Spurious Epistles (Ignatius of Antioch)". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
- ^ Pervo, Richard I. The Making of Paul: Constructions of the Apostle in Early Christianity. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-0-8006-9659-7.
- ^ Barnes, Timothy D. (December 2008), "The Date of Ignatius", The Expository Times, 120 (3): 119–130, doi:10.1177/0014524608098730
External links
[edit]- An extensive catalogue of English translations of Ignatius's letter to the Smyrnaeans
- Greek text of the Letter to the Smyrnaeans
Works related to Epistle to the Smyrnaeans at Wikisource- Online text
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