December 12: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 05:54, 9 January 2025

December 12 in recent years
2024 (Thursday)
2023 (Tuesday)
2022 (Monday)
2021 (Sunday)
2020 (Saturday)
2019 (Thursday)
2018 (Wednesday)
2017 (Tuesday)
2016 (Monday)
2015 (Saturday)

December 12 is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 19 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

Pre-1600

627 – Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II's Persian forces, commanded by General Rhahzadh.^[1]
1388 – Maria of Enghien sells the lordship of Argos and Nauplia to the Republic of Venice.^[2]

1601–1900

1787 – Pennsylvania becomes the second state to ratify the US Constitution.^[3]
1862 – American Civil War: USS Cairo sinks on the Yazoo River.^[4]
1866 – Oaks explosion: The worst mining disaster in England kills 361 miners and rescuers.^[5]
1870 – Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina becomes the second black U.S. congressman.^[6]

1901–present

1901 – Guglielmo Marconi receives the first transatlantic radio signal (the letter "S" [•••] in Morse Code), at Signal Hill in St John's, Newfoundland.^[7]
1915 – Yuan Shikai declares the establishment of the Empire of China and proclaims himself Emperor.^[8]
1917 – Father Edward J. Flanagan founds Boys Town as a farm village for wayward boys.^[9]
1935 – The Lebensborn Project, a Nazi reproduction program, is founded by Heinrich Himmler.^[10]
1936 – The beginning of Xi'an incident. As a result, Chiang Kai Shek is captured.^[11]
1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: USS Panay incident: Japanese aircraft bomb and sink U.S. gunboat USS Panay on the Yangtze river in China.^[12]
1939 – HMS Duchess sinks after a collision with HMS Barham off the coast of Scotland with the loss of 124 men.^[13]
1939 – Winter War: The Battle of Tolvajärvi, also known as the first major Finnish victory in the Winter War, begins.^[14]
1941 – World War II: Fifty-four Japanese A6M Zero fighters raid Batangas Field, Philippines. Jesús Villamor and four Filipino fighter pilots fend them off; César Basa is killed.^[15]
1941 – The Holocaust: Adolf Hitler declares the imminent extermination of the Jews at a meeting in the Reich Chancellery.^[16]
1945 – The People's Republic of Korea is outlawed in the South, by order of the United States Army Military Government in Korea.^[17]
1946 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 13 relating to acceptance of Siam (now Thailand) to the United Nations is adopted.^[18]
1956 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 121 relating to acceptance of Japan to the United Nations is adopted.^[19]
1963 – Kenya declares independence from Great Britain.^[20]
1969 – The Piazza Fontana bombing; a bomb explodes at the headquarters of Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura (the National Agricultural Bank) in Piazza Fontana in Milan, Italy, killing 17 people and wounding 88. The same afternoon, three more bombs are detonated in Rome and Milan, and another is found unexploded.^[21]
1979 – The 8.2 M_w  Tumaco earthquake shakes Colombia and Ecuador with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 300–600, and generating a large tsunami.^[22]
1979 – Coup d'état of December Twelfth occurs in South Korea.^[23]
1985 – Arrow Air Flight 1285R, a McDonnell Douglas DC-8, crashes after takeoff in Gander, Newfoundland, killing all 256 people on board, including 236 members of the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division.^[24]
1988 – The Clapham Junction rail crash kills thirty-five and injures hundreds after two collisions of three commuter trains—one of the worst train crashes in the United Kingdom.^[25]
1999 – A magnitude 7.3 earthquake hits the Philippines's main island of Luzon, killing six people, injuring 40, and causing power outages that affected the capital Manila.^[26]
2000 – The United States Supreme Court releases its decision in Bush v. Gore.^[27]
2001 – Prime Minister of Vietnam Phan Văn Khải announces the decision on upgrading the Phong Nha–Kẻ Bàng nature reserve to a national park, providing information on projects for the conservation and development of the park and revised maps.^[28]
2012 – North Korea successfully launches its first satellite, Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2.^[29]
2015 – The Paris Agreement relating to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is adopted.^[30]^[31]
2021 – Dutch Formula One racing driver Max Verstappen wins the controversial 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, beating seven-time World Champion Lewis Hamilton to become the first Formula One World Champion to come from the Netherlands.^[32]
2024 – Indian Grandmaster Gukesh Dommaraju became the undisputed World Chess Champion in a tournament held in Singapore, making him the 18th and the youngest champion in chess history.^[33]

Births

Pre-1600

1526 – Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, Spanish admiral (d. 1588)^[34]

1601–1900

1685 – Lodovico Giustini, Italian pianist and composer (d. 1743)^[35]
1724 – Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, English admiral and politician (d. 1816)^[36]
1786 – William L. Marcy, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 21st United States Secretary of State (d. 1857)^[37]
1799 – Karl Bryullov, Russian painter (d. 1852)^[38]
1805 – Henry Wells, American businessman, co-founded Wells Fargo and American Express (d. 1878)^[39]
1806 – Stand Watie, American general (d. 1871)^[40]
1812 – John Sandfield Macdonald, Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Premier of Ontario (d. 1872)^[41]
1821 – Gustave Flaubert, French novelist (d. 1880)^[42]
1830 – Joseph Orville Shelby, Confederate general (d. 1897)^[43]
1842 – Adolf Bötticher, German journalist and historian (d. 1901)^[44]
1845 – Bruce Price, American architect, designed the American Surety Building and Bank of the Metropolis (d. 1903)^[45]
1863 – Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter (d. 1944)^[46]
1866 – Alfred Werner, Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)^[47]
1870 – Walter Benona Sharp, American businessman, co-founded Hughes Tool Company (d. 1912)^[48]
1876 – Alvin Kraenzlein, American hurdler and runner (d. 1928)^[49]
1881 – Louise Thuliez, French school teacher, resistance fighter during World War I and World War II and author (d. 1966)^[50]
1893 – Edward G. Robinson, American actor (d. 1973)^[51]

1901–present

1901 – Harald Kaarmann, Estonian footballer (d. 1942)^[52]
1907 – Roy Douglas, English pianist and composer (d. 2015)^[53]
1912 – Henry Armstrong, American boxer (d. 1988)^[54]
1914 – Patrick O'Brian, English author (d. 2000)^[55]
1915 – Frank Sinatra, American singer, actor, and producer (d. 1998)^[56]
1918 – Joe Williams, American singer and pianist (d. 1999)^[57]
1920 – Josef Doležal, Czech race walker (d. 1999)^[58]
1923 – Bob Barker, American game show host and producer (d. 2023)^[59]
1923 – Bob Dorough, American musician, composer, and producer (d. 2018)^[60]
1923 – Emahoy Tsegué-Maryam Guèbrou, Ethiopian pianist, composer and nun (d. 2023)^[61]
1924 – Ed Koch, American politician, 105th Mayor of New York City (d. 2013)^[62]
1925 – Ted Kennedy, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2009)^[63]
1925 – Dattu Phadkar, Indian cricketer (d. 1985)^[64]
1925 – Vladimir Shainsky, Ukrainian-Russian pianist and composer (d. 2017)^[65]
1927 – Robert Noyce, American inventor and businessman, co-founded the Intel Corporation (d. 1990)^[66]
1928 – Helen Frankenthaler, American painter and academic (d. 2011)^[67]
1929 – Toshiko Akiyoshi, Japanese pianist and composer^[68]
1932 – Bob Pettit, American basketball player and coach^[69]
1933 – Christa Stubnick, German sprinter (d. 2021)^[70]
1934 – Miguel de la Madrid, Mexican lawyer and politician, 52nd President of Mexico (d. 2012)^[71]
1936 – Iolanda Balaș, Romanian high jumper and educator (d. 2016)^[72]
1937 – Connie Francis, American singer, musician, and actress^[73]
1937 – Philip Ledger, English pianist, composer, and academic (d. 2012)^[74]
1940 – Sharad Pawar, Indian politician, Indian Minister of Agriculture^[75]
1940 – Dionne Warwick, American singer^[76]
1942 – Bob Thompson, American jazz pianist, composer and arranger^[77]
1943 – Dickey Betts, American musician and songwriter (d. 2024)^[73]
1943 – Grover Washington, Jr., American singer-songwriter, saxophonist, and producer (d. 1999)^[78]
1945 – Gísli S. Einarsson, Icelandic politician^[79]
1945 – Tony Williams, American drummer, composer, and producer (d. 1997)^[80]
1946 – Emerson Fittipaldi, Brazilian racing driver^[81]
1947 – Wings Hauser, American actor^[73]
1947 – Don Keith, American writer^[82]
1947 – Chris Mullin, English journalist and politician^[83]
1948 – Randy Smith, American basketball player (d. 2009)^[84]
1948 – Colin Todd, English football player and coach^[85]
1949 – Bill Nighy, English actor^[86]
1949 – Marc Ravalomanana, Malagasy businessman and politician, President of Madagascar^[87]
1950 – Pedro Ferriz de Con, Mexican journalist^[88]
1950 – Heiner Flassbeck, German economist and academic^[89]
1950 – Rajinikanth, Indian actor^[90]
1950 – Billy Smith, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager^[91]
1950 – Gorman Thomas, American baseball player^[92]
1951 – Rehman Malik, Pakistani politician, Pakistani Minister of Interior^[93] (d. 2022)
1952 – Cathy Rigby, American gymnast^[94]
1953 – Martin Ferguson, Australian lawyer and politician^[95]
1953 – Rafael Septién, Mexican-American football player^[96]
1955 – Eddy Schepers, Belgian cyclist^[97]
1955 – Stephen Smith, Australian politician^[98]
1956 – Johan van der Velde, Dutch cyclist^[99]
1957 – Sheila E., American singer and musician^[73]
1958 – Sheree J. Wilson, American actress^[73]
1960 – Martina Hellmann, German discus thrower^[100]
1961 – Andrey Perlov, Russian race walker^[101]
1962 – Tracy Austin, American tennis player and sportscaster^[102]
1962 – Arturo Barrios, Mexican-American runner^[103]
1962 – Mike Golic, American football player and radio host^[104]
1963 – Eduardo Castro Luque, Mexican businessman and politician^[105] (d. 2012)
1964 – Haywood Jeffires, American football player and coach^[106]
1964 – Sabu, American wrestler^[107]
1965 – Russell Batiste Jr., American funk and R&B drummer (d. 2023)^[108]
1965 – Will Carling, English rugby union player^[109]
1967 – John Randle, American football player^[110]
1968 – Sašo Udovič, Slovenian footballer^[111]
1969 – Wilfred Kirochi, Kenyan runner^[112]
1969 – Fiona May, English-Italian long jumper^[113]
1969 – Michael Möllenbeck, German discus thrower^[114]
1970 – Mädchen Amick, American actress and director^[73]
1970 – Jennifer Connelly, American actress^[115]
1970 – Regina Hall, American actress^[116]
1971 – Sammy Korir, Kenyan runner^[117]
1972 – Nicky Eaden, English footballer and coach^[118]
1972 – Craig Field, Australian rugby league player^[119]
1972 – Wilson Kipketer, Kenyan-Danish runner^[120]
1972 – Georgios Theodoridis, Greek sprinter^[121]
1974 – Bernard Lagat, Kenyan-American runner^[122]
1974 – Nolberto Solano, Peruvian footballer and manager^[123]
1975 – Mayim Bialik, American actress, neuroscientist, and author^[124]
1975 – Craig Moore, Australian footballer and manager^[125]
1977 – Yoel Hernández, Cuban hurdler^[126]
1977 – Orlando Hudson, American baseball player^[127]
1977 – Dean Macey, English decathlete and bobsledder^[128]
1977 – Colin White, Canadian ice hockey player^[129]
1979 – Garrett Atkins, American baseball player^[130]
1979 – Nate Clements, American football player^[131]
1979 – John Salmons, American basketball player^[132]
1980 – Dejene Berhanu, Ethiopian runner (d. 2010)^[133]
1980 – Dorin Goian, Romanian footballer^[134]
1981 – Eddie Kingston, American wrestler^[135]
1981 – Pedro Ríos, Spanish footballer^[136]
1981 – Yuvraj Singh, Indian cricketer^[137]
1981 – Stephen Warnock, English footballer^[138]
1981 – Andrew Whitworth, American football player and commentator^[139]
1982 – Ervin Santana, Dominican baseball player^[140]
1982 – Dmitry Tursunov, Russian tennis player and coach^[141]
1983 – Roni Porokara, Finnish footballer^[142]
1984 – Daniel Agger, Danish footballer^[143]
1985 – Pat Calathes, Greek-American basketball player^[144]
1985 – Andrew Ladd, Canadian ice hockey player^[145]
1986 – Daddy Birori, Rwandan footballer^[146]
1986 – Përparim Hetemaj, Finnish footballer^[147]
1986 – Nina Kolarič, Slovenian long jumper^[148]
1986 – T. J. Ward, American football player^[149]
1988 – Isaac John, New Zealand rugby league player^[150]
1988 – Lonah Chemtai Salpeter, Israeli Olympic marathon runner^[151]
1990 – Nixon Chepseba, Kenyan runner^[152]
1990 – Dawin, American singer-songwriter^[153]^[154]
1990 – Victor Moses, Nigerian footballer^[155]
1990 – Tyron Smith, American football player^[156]
1991 – Joseph Leilua, Australian-Samoan rugby league player^[157]
1993 – Zeli Ismail, English footballer^[158]
1994 – Otto Warmbier, American student imprisoned in North Korea (d. 2017)^[159]
1996 – Lucas Hedges, American actor^[160]
1997 – Ed Oliver, American football player^[161]
2001 – Michael Olise, French footballer^[162]

Deaths

Pre-1600

884 – King Carloman II of the Franks (born c.866; hunting accident)^[163]
1296 – Isabella of Mar, first wife of Robert Bruce VII (b. 1277)^[164]
1572 – Loredana Marcello, Dogaressa of Venice, botanist, author^[165]

1601–1900

1751 – Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English philosopher and politician, Secretary at War (b. 1678)^[166]
1766 – Johann Christoph Gottsched, German philosopher, author, and critic (b. 1700)^[167]
1794 – Meshullam Feivush Heller, Ukrainian author (b. 1742)^[168]
1803 – Prince Frederick Adolf of Sweden (b. 1750)^[169]
1858 – Jacques Viger, Canadian archeologist and politician, 1st Mayor of Montreal (b. 1787)^[170]
1889 – Viktor Bunyakovsky, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician and theorist (b. 1804)^[171]
1894 – John Sparrow David Thompson, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1845)^[172]

1901–present

1913 – Menelik II, Ethiopian emperor (b. 1844)^[173]
1921 – Henrietta Swan Leavitt, American astronomer and academic (b. 1868)^[174]
1923 – Raymond Radiguet, French author and poet (b. 1903)^[175]
1934 – Thorleif Haug, Norwegian skier (b. 1894)^[176]
1939 – Douglas Fairbanks, Sr., American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1883)^[177]
1941 – César Basa, Filipino lieutenant and pilot (b. 1915)^[178]
1948 – Marjory Stephenson, British biochemist (b. 1885)^[179]
1951 – Mildred Bailey, American singer (b. 1907)^[180]
1958 – Albert Walsh, Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1900)^[181]
1966 – Karl Ruberl, Austrian-American swimmer (b. 1880)^[182]
1968 – Tallulah Bankhead, American actress (b. 1902)^[183]
1970 – Doris Blackburn, Australian politician (b. 1889)^[184]
1975 – Richard Baggallay, English colonel and cricketer (b. 1884)^[185]
1980 – Jean Lesage, Canadian lawyer and politician, 19th Premier of Quebec (b. 1912)^[186]
1985 – Anne Baxter, American actress (b. 1923)^[187]
1993 – József Antall, Hungarian historian and politician, 35th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1932)^[188]
1994 – Stuart Roosa, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1933)^[189]
1996 – Vance Packard, American journalist, author, and critic (b. 1914)^[190]
1997 – Evgenii Landis, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1921)^[191]
1998 – Lawton Chiles, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 41st Governor of Florida (b. 1930)^[192]
1998 – Morris Udall, American captain and politician (b. 1922)^[193]
1999 – Paul Cadmus, American painter and illustrator (b. 1904)^[194]
1999 – Joseph Heller, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright(b. 1923)^[195]
2001 – Ardito Desio, Italian geologist and explorer (b. 1897)^[196]
2002 – Dee Brown, American historian and author (b. 1908)^[197]
2003 – Heydar Aliyev, Azerbaijani general and politician, 3rd President of Azerbaijan (b. 1923)^[198]
2005 – Robert Newmyer, American actor and producer (b. 1956)^[199]
2005 – Annette Stroyberg, Danish actress (b. 1936)^[200]
2005 – Gebran Tueni, Lebanese journalist and politician (b. 1957)^[201]
2006 – Paul Arizin, American basketball player (b. 1928)^[202]
2006 – Peter Boyle, American actor (b. 1935)^[203]
2006 – Raymond P. Shafer, American attorney and politician, 39th Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1917)^[204]
2006 – Alan Shugart, American engineer and businessman, co-founded Seagate Technology (b. 1930)^[205]
2007 – François al-Hajj, Lebanese general (b. 1953)^[206]
2007 – Ike Turner, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1931)^[207]
2008 – Avery Dulles, American cardinal and theologian (b. 1918)^[208]
2008 – Van Johnson, American actor (b. 1916)^[209]
2010 – Tom Walkinshaw, Scottish race car driver, founded Tom Walkinshaw Racing (b. 1946)^[210]^[211]
2012 – Joe Allbritton, American banker, publisher, and philanthropist, founded the Allbritton Communications Company (b. 1924)^[212]
2012 – David Tait, English rugby player (b. 1987)^[213]
2013 – Tom Laughlin, American actor, director, screenwriter, author, educator, and activist (b. 1931)^[214]
2013 – Abdul Quader Molla, Bangladeshi journalist and politician (b. 1948)^[215]
2013 – Audrey Totter, American actress (b. 1917)^[216]
2014 – Norman Bridwell, American author and illustrator, created Clifford the Big Red Dog (b. 1928)^[217]
2014 – Ivor Grattan-Guinness, English mathematician, historian, and academic (b. 1941)^[218]^[219]
2014 – Herb Plews, American baseball player (b. 1928)^[220]
2015 – Frans Geurtsen, Dutch footballer (b. 1942)^[221]
2015 – Evelyn S. Lieberman, American politician, White House Deputy Chief of Staff (b. 1944)^[222]
2016 – Shirley Hazzard, Australian-American novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1931)^[223]
2017 – Ed Lee, American politician and attorney, 43rd Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1952)^[224]^[225]^[226]
2017 – Pat DiNizio, American singer and songwriter (b. 1955)^[227]^[228]
2019 – Danny Aiello, American actor (b. 1933)^[229]
2020 – John le Carré, English author (b. 1931)^[230]
2020 – Ann Reinking, American actress, dancer, and choreographer (b. 1949)^[231]
2021 – Vicente Fernández, Mexican actor, ranchera singer, and film producer (b. 1940)^[232]
2021 – Bernie Fowler, American politician and environmental advocate (b. 1924)^[233]^[234]
2021 – Maʻafu Tukuiʻaulahi, Tongan politician and military officer, Deputy Prime Minister (b. 1955)^[235]^[236]

Holidays and observances

References

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@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 * [[627]] &ndash; [[Battle of Nineveh (627)|Battle of Nineveh]]: A [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] army under Emperor [[Heraclius]] defeats Emperor [[Khosrau II]]'s [[Sasanian Empire|Persian]] forces, commanded by [[Rhahzadh|General Rhahzadh]].<ref>{{citation | last = Kaegi | first = Walter Emil | author-link=Walter Kaegi | title = Heraclius: emperor of Byzantium | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-521-81459-1|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&pg=PA161 161–162]}}</ref>
 *[[1388]] &ndash; [[Maria of Enghien]] sells the lordship of [[Argos and Nauplia]] to the [[Republic of Venice]].<ref>{{cite book | chapter = The Morea, 1364–1460 | last = Topping | first = Peter | title=A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries | editor-first=Harry W. | editor-last=Hazard |year=1975 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press | location = Madison, Wisconsin | chapter-url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=div&did=History.CrusThree.i0017 | isbn = 0-299-06670-3|page=153}}</ref>
 ===1601–1900===
 *[[1787]] &ndash; [[Pennsylvania]] becomes the second state to ratify the [[US Constitution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-U-S-states-by-date-of-admission-to-the-Union-2130026|title=List of U.S. states' dates of admission to the union|website=Britannica.com|access-date=November 23, 2021}}</ref>
@@ Line 20: / Line 21: @@
 *[[1917]] &ndash; Father [[Edward J. Flanagan]] founds [[Boys Town (organization)|Boys Town]] as a farm village for wayward boys.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usmint.gov/learn/coin-and-medal-programs/commemorative-coins/boys-town-centennial|title=Boys Town Centennial Commemorative Coin Program|website=usmint.gov  |date=19 September 2016 | access-date = 8 January 2020}}</ref>
 *[[1935]] &ndash; The [[Lebensborn]] Project, a Nazi reproduction program, is founded by [[Heinrich Himmler]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Albanese|first=Patrizia|title=Mothers of the Nation: Women, Families and Nationalism in Twentieth-Century Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X9ivwlTAiQkC&pg=PA37|year=2006|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0-8020-9015-7|page=37  | access-date = 8 January 2020}}</ref>
+*[[1936]] &ndash; The beginning of [[Xi'an Incident|Xi'an incident]]. As a result, [[Chiang Kai-shek|Chiang Kai Shek]] is captured.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Barnouin |first1=Barbara |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780674290112/ |title=Zhou Enlai: A Political Life |last2=Yu |first2=Changgen |date=2006 |publisher=The Chinese University Press |location=Hong Kong |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref>
-*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]: [[USS Panay incident|USS ''Panay'' incident]]: [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] aircraft bomb and sink U.S. gunboat {{USS|Panay|PR-5|6}} on the [[Yangtze]] river in China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://public1.nhhcaws.local/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/wwii/wwii-pacific/pre-us-enty/1937-december-12-japanese-attack-on-uss-panay.html|title=1937: December 12: Japanese attack on USS Panay (PR-5)|website=public1.nhhcaws.local}}</ref>
+*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]: [[USS Panay incident|USS ''Panay'' incident]]: [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] aircraft bomb and sink U.S. gunboat {{USS|Panay|PR-5|6}} on the [[Yangtze]] river in China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/wwii/wwii-pacific/pre-us-enty/1937-december-12-japanese-attack-on-uss-panay.html|title=1937: December 12: Japanese attack on USS Panay (PR-5)|website=NHHC}}</ref>
 *[[1939]] &ndash; {{HMS|Duchess|H64|6}} sinks after a collision with {{HMS|Barham|04|6}} off the coast of Scotland with the loss of 124 men.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4373.html|title=HMS Duchess (H 64) of the Royal Navy - British Destroyer of the D class - Allied Warships of WWII|website=uboat.net}}</ref>
-*  1939   &ndash; [[Winter War]]: The [[Battle of Tolvajärvi]], also known as the first major [[Finland|Finnish]] victory in the Winter War, begins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Battle of Tolvajärvi, 12 December 1939 |url=http://www.winterwar.com/Battles/Tolvaj.htm |website=Winterwar.com |access-date=8 December 2021}}</ref>
+*  1939   &ndash; [[Winter War]]: The [[Battle of Tolvajärvi]], also known as the first major [[Finland|Finnish]] victory in the Winter War, begins.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Battle of Tolvajärvi, 12 December 1939 |url=http://www.winterwar.com/Battles/Tolvaj.htm |website=Winterwar.com |access-date=8 December 2021 |archive-date=12 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212065935/http://www.winterwar.com/Battles/Tolvaj.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 *[[1941]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: Fifty-four [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] [[A6M Zero]] fighters raid [[Batangas]] Field, [[Philippines]]. [[Jesús Villamor]] and four [[Philippine|Filipino]] fighter pilots fend them off; [[César Basa]] is killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paf.mil.ph/updatedhistory.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429051016/http://www.paf.mil.ph/updatedhistory.html|archive-date=April 29, 2014|title=Philippine Air Force :: Official Website|date=April 29, 2014}}</ref>
 *  1941   &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: [[Adolf Hitler]] declares the imminent extermination of the Jews at a [[Reich Chancellery meeting of 12 December 1941|meeting in the Reich Chancellery]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Aly | first = Götz | author-link = Götz Aly | title = December 12, 1941 | journal = Berliner Zeitung | date = 13 December 1997 | url = http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/der-historiker-christian-gerlach-belegt--dass-hitler-an-diesem-tag-die-grundsatzentscheidung-zur-vernichtung-aller-europaeischen-juden-traf-der-12--dezember-1941-16327054 | access-date = 8 January 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (in German)</ref>
@@ Line 28: / Line 30: @@
 *[[1946]] &ndash; [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 13]] relating to acceptance of Siam (now [[Thailand]]) to the [[United Nations]] is adopted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://undocs.org/S/RES/13(1946)|title=S/RES/13(1946) - E - S/RES/13(1946)|website=undocs.org}}</ref>
 *[[1956]] &ndash; [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 121]] relating to acceptance of [[Japan]] to the United Nations is adopted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://undocs.org/S/RES/121(1956)|title=S/RES/121(1956) - E - S/RES/121(1956)|website=undocs.org}}</ref>
-*[[1963]] &ndash; [[Kenya]] declares independence from Great Britain.<ref>{{Citation|title=Kenya Independence - 1963 {{!}} Today In History {{!}} 12 Dec 18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sj_UletH80|language=en|access-date=2021-12-12}}</ref>
+*[[1963]] &ndash; [[Kenya]] declares independence from Great Britain.<ref>{{Citation|title=Kenya Independence - 1963 {{!}} Today In History {{!}} 12 Dec 18| date=12 December 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sj_UletH80|language=en|access-date=2021-12-12}}</ref>
-*[[1969]] &ndash; The [[Piazza Fontana bombing]]; a bomb explodes at the headquarters of [[Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura]] (the National Agricultural Bank) in Piazza Fontana in Milan, Italy, killing 17 people and wounding 88. The same afternoon, three more bombs are detonated in Rome and Milan, and another is found unexploded.<ref name="bull">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDexzkoW1twC&dq=piazza+fontana+bombing&pg=PR10 Bull, Anna Cento and Cooke, Philip. ''Ending Terrorism in Italy'', Routledge, 2013] {{ISBN|9781135040802}}</ref>
+*[[1969]] &ndash; The [[Piazza Fontana bombing]]; a bomb explodes at the headquarters of [[Banca Nazionale dell'Agricoltura]] (the National Agricultural Bank) in Piazza Fontana in Milan, Italy, killing 17 people and wounding 88. The same afternoon, three more bombs are detonated in Rome and Milan, and another is found unexploded.<ref name="bull">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDexzkoW1twC&dq=piazza+fontana+bombing&pg=PR10|title=Ending Terrorism in Italy|first1=Anna Cento|last1=Bull|first2=Philip|last2=Cooke|date=June 7, 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-04080-2 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
 *[[1979]] &ndash; The 8.2 {{M|w}} [[1979 Tumaco earthquake|Tumaco earthquake]] shakes [[Colombia]] and [[Ecuador]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (''Violent''), killing 300–600, and generating a large tsunami.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/4863|title=Significant Earthquake Information|last=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|year=1972 |publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information|doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K}}</ref>
 *1979 &ndash; [[Coup d'état of December Twelfth]] occurs in South Korea.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wudunn |first1=Sheryl |title=South Korea Indicts 2 Former Presidents in Staging of 1979 Coup |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/22/world/south-korea-indicts-2-former-presidents-in-staging-of-1979-coup.html |access-date=11 December 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=22 December 1995}}</ref>
@@ Line 40: / Line 42: @@
 *[[2015]] &ndash; The [[Paris Agreement]] relating to [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] is adopted.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/12/world/global-climate-change-conference-vote/ |title=Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris |last1=Sutter |first1=John D. |last2=Berlinger |first2=Joshua |date=12 December 2015 |publisher=CNN |access-date=12 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212145741/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/12/world/global-climate-change-conference-vote/ |archive-date=12 December 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-12/france-presents-ambitious,-balanced-draft-climate-agreement/7023712|work=ABC Australia|title=Paris climate talks: France releases 'ambitious, balanced' draft agreement at COP21|date=12 December 2015}}</ref>
 *[[2021]] &ndash; Dutch [[Formula One]] racing driver [[Max Verstappen]] wins the controversial [[2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix]], beating seven-time World Champion [[Lewis Hamilton]] to become the first Formula One World Champion to come from [[Netherlands|the Netherlands]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-12 |title=Max Verstappen beats Lewis Hamilton to F1 world title on last lap in Abu Dhabi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/dec/12/f1-max-verstappen-wins-abu-dhabi-gp-lewis-hamilton |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>
+*[[2024]] &ndash; Indian [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] [[Gukesh Dommaraju]] became the undisputed [[World Chess Championship 2024|World Chess Champion]] in a tournament held in Singapore, making him the 18th and the [[List of youngest grandmasters|youngest champion]] in chess history.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gukesh D crowned 18th FIDE World Champion |url=https://worldchampionship.fide.com/tpost/g7m18a87j1-gukesh-d-crowned-18th-fide-world-champio |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=worldchampionship.fide.com}}</ref>
 ==Births==
@@ Line 45: / Line 48: @@
 <!-- Please do not add yourself or anyone else without a biography in Wikipedia to this list.-->
 *[[1526]] &ndash; [[Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz]], Spanish admiral (d. 1588)<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Santa Cruz, Álvaro de Bazan, 1st Marquis of|volume=24|page=185|first=David|last=Hannay|author-link=David Hannay (historian)}}</ref>
 ===1601–1900===
 *[[1685]] &ndash; [[Lodovico Giustini]], Italian pianist and composer (d. 1743)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drakemabrypublishing.com/3Bio/i3_gius.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050830092635/http://www.drakemabrypublishing.com/3Bio/i3_gius.html|archive-date=August 30, 2005|title=Drake Mabry Publishing - Composers biographies -|date=August 30, 2005}}</ref>
@@ Line 63: / Line 67: @@
 *[[1881]] &ndash; [[Louise Thuliez]], French school teacher, resistance fighter during World War I and World War II and author (d. 1966)<ref>{{cite web |title=Louise Thuliez (1881-1966) |url=https://data.bnf.fr/10378748/louise_thuliez/ |website=data.bnf.fr |access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref>
 *[[1893]] &ndash; [[Edward G. Robinson]], American actor (d. 1973)<ref>{{cite news|title=Edward G. Robinson, 79, Dies; His 'Little Caesar' Set a Style; Man of Great Kindness Edward G. Robinson Is Dead at 79 Made Speeches to Friends Appeared in 100 Films|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/27/archives/edward-g-robinson-79-dies-his-little-caesar-set-a-style-man-of.html |work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 27, 1973|access-date=July 21, 2007}}</ref>
 ===1901–present===
 *[[1901]] &ndash; [[Harald Kaarmann]], Estonian footballer (d. 1942)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/47003/Harald_Kaarman.html|title=Harald Kaarman|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref>
@@ Line 77: / Line 82: @@
 *[[1925]] &ndash; [[Ted Kennedy (ice hockey)|Ted Kennedy]], Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2009)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hockey-reference.com/leagues/NHL_1951_skaters.html|title=1950-51 NHL Skater Statistics|website=Hockey-Reference.com}}</ref>
 *  1925   &ndash; [[Dattu Phadkar]], Indian cricketer (d. 1985)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/32309.html|title=Dattu Phadkar|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
-*  1925   &ndash; [[Vladimir Shainsky]], Ukrainian-Russian pianist and composer (d. 2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoples.ru/art/music/composer/shainsky/|title=Композитор, написавший лучшие песни нашего детства}}</ref>
+*  1925   &ndash; [[Vladimir Shainsky]], Ukrainian-Russian pianist and composer (d. 2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoples.ru/art/music/composer/shainsky/index.html|title=Композитор, написавший лучшие песни нашего детства|website=www.peoples.ru}}</ref>
 *[[1927]] &ndash; [[Robert Noyce]], American inventor and businessman, co-founded the [[Intel|Intel Corporation]] (d. 1990)<ref>{{cite book|author=Leslie Berlin|title=The Man Behind the Microchip: Robert Noyce and the Invention of Silicon Valley|url=https://archive.org/details/manbehindmicroc000berl|url-access=registration|date=10 June 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-803688-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/manbehindmicroc000berl/page/10 10]–}}</ref>
 *[[1928]] &ndash; [[Helen Frankenthaler]], American painter and academic (d. 2011)<ref>{{cite web |last1=McNay |first1=Michael |title=Helen Frankenthaler obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/dec/28/helen-frankenthaler |website=The Guardian |access-date=17 January 2020 |date=28 December 2011}}</ref>
@@ Line 85: / Line 90: @@
 *[[1934]] &ndash; [[Miguel de la Madrid]], Mexican lawyer and politician, 52nd [[President of Mexico]] (d. 2012)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356153/Miguel-de-la-Madrid|title=Miguel de la Madrid |year=2008 |access-date=1 July 2008}}</ref>
 *[[1936]] &ndash; [[Iolanda Balaș]], Romanian high jumper and educator (d. 2016)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/iolanda-balas|title=Iolanda BALAS - Olympic Athletics &#124; Romania|date=January 27, 2017|publisher=International Olympic Committee}}</ref>
-*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Connie Francis]], American singer, musician, and actress<ref name="AP"></ref>
+*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Connie Francis]], American singer, musician, and actress<ref name="AP" />
 *  1937   &ndash; [[Philip Ledger]], English pianist, composer, and academic (d. 2012)<ref>{{cite web |author=Stephen Cleobury |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/nov/20/sir-philip-ledger |title=Sir Philip Ledger obituary |work=The Guardian  |date=2012-11-20 |access-date=2014-11-01}}</ref>
 *[[1940]] &ndash; [[Sharad Pawar]], Indian politician, [[Minister of Agriculture (India)|Indian Minister of Agriculture]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Detailed Profile: Shri Sharad Chandra Govindrao Pawar |url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=327 |website=[[India.gov.in]] |access-date=17 December 2016}}</ref>
 *  1940   &ndash; [[Dionne Warwick]], American singer<ref>{{cite web |last1=Meara |first1=Paul |title=Dionne Warwick's 81st Birthday Celebration To Be Streamed Next Week |url=https://www.bet.com/article/o94319/dionne-warwick-81st-birthday-celebration-streamed |website=[[Black Entertainment Television|BET]] |access-date=4 August 2022 |date=15 December 2021}}</ref>
 *[[1942]] &ndash; [[Bob Thompson (pianist)|Bob Thompson]], American jazz pianist, composer and arranger<ref>{{cite news | last = Keller | first = Michael W. | title = This Week in West Virginia History | work = The Register-Herald | date = December 11, 2022 | url = https://www.register-herald.com/news/life/this-week-in-west-virginia-history/article_b729157c-75ab-11ed-8bc4-7b401f947656.html | access-date = March 1, 2024}}</ref>
-*[[1943]] &ndash; [[Dickey Betts]], American musician and songwriter<ref name="AP"></ref>
+*[[1943]] &ndash; [[Dickey Betts]], American musician and songwriter (d. 2024)<ref name="AP" />
 *  1943   &ndash; [[Grover Washington, Jr.]], American singer-songwriter, saxophonist, and producer (d. 1999)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/grover-washington-jr-mn0000944206/biography|title=Grover Washington, Jr. - Biography & History|publisher=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=December 6, 2017}}</ref>
+*[[1945]] &ndash; [[Gísli S. Einarsson]], Icelandic politician<ref>{{cite web |title=Þingmenn: Alþingismannatal - Æviágrip þingmanna frá 1845 - Gísli S. Einarsson |url=https://www.althingi.is/altext/cv/is/?nfaerslunr=166 |publisher=[[Althing]] |access-date=6 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014114036/https://www.althingi.is/altext/cv/is/?nfaerslunr=166 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |language=is}}</ref>
-*[[1945]] &ndash; [[Tony Williams (drummer)|Tony Williams]], American drummer, composer, and producer (d. 1997)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/tony-williams-mn0000791318/biography|title=Tony Williams &#124; Biography & History|publisher=AllMusic}}</ref>
+*  1945   &ndash; [[Tony Williams (drummer)|Tony Williams]], American drummer, composer, and producer (d. 1997)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/tony-williams-mn0000791318/biography|title=Tony Williams &#124; Biography & History|publisher=AllMusic}}</ref>
 *[[1946]] &ndash; [[Emerson Fittipaldi]], Brazilian racing driver<ref>{{Cite web|title=Emerson Fittipaldi{{!}} Formula 1®|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/drivers/hall-of-fame/Emerson_Fittipaldi.html|access-date=2021-12-12|website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website|language=en}}</ref>
-*[[1947]] &ndash; [[Wings Hauser]], American actor<ref name="AP"></ref>
+*[[1947]] &ndash; [[Wings Hauser]], American actor<ref name="AP" />
 *  1947   &ndash; [[Don Keith]], American writer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Don Keith List of Books |url=https://www.booknotification.com/authors/don-keith/ |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=Book Notification|date=14 August 2021 }}</ref>
 *  1947   &ndash; [[Chris Mullin (politician)|Chris Mullin]], English journalist and politician<ref>{{cite news | title = Chris Mullin - Political Profile | newspaper = [[BBC News Online]] | date = 2002-10-16 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2174081.stm | access-date = 2020-02-12}}</ref>
@@ Line 106: / Line 112: @@
 *  1950   &ndash; [[Billy Smith (ice hockey)|Billy Smith]], Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hockey-reference.com/players/s/smithbi01.html|title=Billy Smith Stats|website=Hockey-Reference.com}}</ref>
 *  1950   &ndash; [[Gorman Thomas]], American baseball player<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/t/thomago01.shtml|title=Gorman Thomas Stats|website=Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref>
-*[[1951]] &ndash; [[Rehman Malik]], Pakistani politician, [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Pakistani Minister of Interior]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Details of Rehman Malik|url=http://www.pakistanherald.com/profile/rehman-malik-658|access-date=15 July 2016|newspaper=Pakistan Herald|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305103812/http://www.pakistanherald.com/profile/rehman-malik-658}}</ref>
+*[[1951]] &ndash; [[Rehman Malik]], Pakistani politician, [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Pakistani Minister of Interior]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Details of Rehman Malik|url=http://www.pakistanherald.com/profile/rehman-malik-658|access-date=15 July 2016|newspaper=Pakistan Herald|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305103812/http://www.pakistanherald.com/profile/rehman-malik-658}}</ref> (d. 2022)
 *[[1952]] &ndash; [[Cathy Rigby]], American gymnast<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/cathleen-r-rigby|title=Cathleen R. RIGBY - Olympic Gymnastics Artistic &#124; United States of America|date=June 12, 2016|publisher=International Olympic Committee}}</ref>
 *[[1953]] &ndash; [[Martin Ferguson (politician)|Martin Ferguson]], Australian lawyer and politician<ref>{{Cite Au Parliament |name=Hon Martin Ferguson AM, MP |mpid=LS4 |access-date=2021-11-04}}</ref>
@@ Line 113: / Line 119: @@
 *  1955   &ndash; [[Stephen Smith (Australian politician)|Stephen Smith]], Australian politician<ref>[https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22handbook%2Fallmps%2F5V5%22 ParlInfo - Biography for SMITH, the Hon. Stephen Francis], Parliament of Australia.</ref>
 *[[1956]] &ndash; [[Johan van der Velde]], Dutch cyclist<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=7471|title=Johan Van Der Velde|first=Cycling|last=Archives|website=cyclingarchives.com}}</ref>
-*[[1957]] &ndash; [[Sheila E.]], American singer and musician<ref name="AP"></ref>
+*[[1957]] &ndash; [[Sheila E.]], American singer and musician<ref name="AP" />
-*[[1958]] &ndash; [[Sheree J. Wilson]], American actress<ref name="AP"></ref>
+*[[1958]] &ndash; [[Sheree J. Wilson]], American actress<ref name="AP" />
 *[[1960]] &ndash; [[Martina Hellmann]], German discus thrower<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/records/all-time-toplists/throws/discus-throw/outdoor/women/senior?regionType=world&page=1&bestResultsOnly=true&firstDay=1900-01-01&lastDay=2018-11-21|title=Discus Throw - women - senior - outdoor|website=worldathletics.org}}</ref>
 *[[1961]] &ndash; [[Andrey Perlov]], Russian race walker<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/russia/andrey-perlov-14352057|title=Andrey PERLOV &#124; Profile|website=worldathletics.org}}</ref>
@@ Line 124: / Line 130: @@
 *  1964   &ndash; [[Sabu (wrestler)|Sabu]], American wrestler<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mac |first1=Eddie |title=This Day in Wrestling History (Dec. 12): The McMahon-Helmsley Era Begins |url=https://www.cagesideseats.com/2015/12/12/9879238/this-day-in-wrestling-history-dec-12-the-mcmahon-helmsley-era-begins |publisher=[[CageSide Seats]] |access-date=11 December 2023 |date=12 December 2015}}</ref>
 *[[1965]] &ndash; [[Russell Batiste Jr.]], American funk and R&B drummer (d. 2023)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/06/arts/music/russell-batiste-dead.html|title=Russell Batiste Jr., the Drummer Heartbeat of New Orleans, Dies at 57|last=Williams|first=Alex|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 6, 2023|access-date=October 7, 2023}}</ref>
+* 1965 &ndash; [[Will Carling]], English rugby union player<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.world.rugby/halloffame/inductees/706698 |title=Will Carling }}</ref>
 *[[1967]] &ndash; [[John Randle]], American football player<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nfl.com/players/john-randle/|title=John Randle Stats, News & Video - DT |publisher=National Football League}}</ref>
 *[[1968]] &ndash; [[Sašo Udovič]], Slovenian footballer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/12665/Saso_Udovic.html|title=Sašo Udovič|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref>
@@ Line 130: / Line 137: @@
 *  1969   &ndash; [[Michael Möllenbeck]], German discus thrower<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/germany/michael-mollenbeck-14193436|title=Michael MÖLLENBECK &#124; Profile|website=worldathletics.org}}</ref>
 *[[1970]] &ndash; [[Mädchen Amick]], American actress and director<ref name="AP">{{cite web |last1=Rose |first1=Mike |title=Today's famous birthdays list for December 12, 2022 includes celebrities Jennifer Connelly, Mayim Bialik |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2022/12/todays-famous-birthdays-list-for-december-12-2022-includes-celebrities-jennifer-connelly-mayim-bialik.html |website=[[The Plain Dealer]] |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=11 December 2023 |date=12 December 2022}}</ref>
-*  1970   &ndash; [[Jennifer Connelly]], American actress<ref>{{cite web |last1=Peake |first1=Amber |title=Jennifer Connelly was very young when she starred in iconic Labyrinth role with David Bowie |date=11 June 2022 |url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/06/11/young-jennifer-connelly/ |publisher=[[HITC]] |access-date=5 December 2022}}</ref>
+*  1970   &ndash; [[Jennifer Connelly]], American actress<ref>{{cite web |last1=Peake |first1=Amber |title=Jennifer Connelly was very young when she starred in iconic Labyrinth role with David Bowie |date=11 June 2022 |url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/06/11/young-jennifer-connelly/ |publisher=[[HITC]] |access-date=5 December 2022 |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205202653/https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2022/06/11/young-jennifer-connelly/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 *  1970   &ndash; [[Regina Hall]], American actress<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reilly |first1=Kaitlin |title=Regina Hall Celebrates Her 50th Birthday With Hilarious Song: "A Bitch Is Old Today" |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1218224/regina-hall-celebrates-her-50th-birthday-with-hilarious-song-a-bitch-is-old-today |publisher=[[E!]] |access-date=5 December 2022 |date=12 December 2020}}</ref>
-*[[1971]] &ndash; [[Sammy Korir]], Kenyan runner<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/kenya/sammy-kipchoge-korir-14208721|title=Sammy Kipchoge KORIR &#124; Profile|website=worldathletics.org}}</ref>
+*[[1971]] &ndash; [[Sammy Korir]], Kenyan runner<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/kenya/sammy-kipchoge-korir-14208721|title=Sammy Kipchoge KORIR &#124; Profile|website=World Athletics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108201016/https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/kenya/sammy-kipchoge-korir-14208721 |archive-date=Nov 8, 2023  }}</ref>
-*[[1972]] &ndash; [[Nicky Eaden]], English footballer and coach<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bcfc.com:80/00_01/squad/eaden.htm|title=Untitled|date=September 19, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000919113004/http://www.bcfc.com/00_01/squad/eaden.htm|archive-date=2000-09-19|access-date=2021-07-14|url-status=live}}</ref>
+*[[1972]] &ndash; [[Nicky Eaden]], English footballer and coach<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bcfc.com:80/00_01/squad/eaden.htm|title=Nicky Eaden |website= BCFC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000919113004/http://www.bcfc.com/00_01/squad/eaden.htm|archive-date=2000-09-19|access-date=2021-07-14|url-status=dead }}</ref>
-*  1972   &ndash; [[Craig Field]], Australian rugby league player<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nrlstats.com/archive/players.cfm?PlayerID=386|title=NRL Stats|date=July 27, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727230152/http://www.nrlstats.com/archive/players.cfm?PlayerID=386|archive-date=2008-07-27}}</ref>
+*  1972   &ndash; [[Craig Field]], Australian rugby league player<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nrlstats.com/archive/players.cfm?PlayerID=386|title=Craig Field |website=NRL Stats |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727230152/http://www.nrlstats.com/archive/players.cfm?PlayerID=386|archive-date=2008-07-27}}</ref>
-*  1972   &ndash; [[Wilson Kipketer]], Kenyan-Danish runner<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/_/14167906|title=Wilson KIPKETER &#124; Profile|website=worldathletics.org}}</ref>
+*  1972   &ndash; [[Wilson Kipketer]], Kenyan-Danish runner<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/_/14167906|title=Wilson KIPKETER &#124; Profile|website=World Athletics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109125906/https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/_/14167906 |archive-date= Nov 9, 2023 }}</ref>
-*  1972   &ndash; [[Georgios Theodoridis]], Greek sprinter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/_/14195533|title=Georgios THEODORIDIS &#124; Profile|website=worldathletics.org}}</ref>
+*  1972   &ndash; [[Georgios Theodoridis]], Greek sprinter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/_/14195533|title=Georgios THEODORIDIS &#124; Profile|website=World Athletics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124150112/https://worldathletics.org/athletes/_/14195533 |archive-date= Nov 24, 2023 }}</ref>
-*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Bernard Lagat]], Kenyan-American runner<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://legacy.usatf.org/Athlete-Bios/Bernard-Lagat.aspx#athletemaincontainer|title=USA Track & Field - Bernard Lagat|access-date=2020-08-25|archive-date=2023-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203061620/http://www.legacy.usatf.org/Athlete-Bios/Bernard-Lagat.aspx#athletemaincontainer|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Bernard Lagat]], Kenyan-American runner<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://legacy.usatf.org/Athlete-Bios/Bernard-Lagat.aspx#athletemaincontainer|title= Bernard Lagat |website=USA Track & Field |access-date=2020-08-25|archive-date=2023-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203061620/http://www.legacy.usatf.org/Athlete-Bios/Bernard-Lagat.aspx#athletemaincontainer|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-*  1974   &ndash; [[Nolberto Solano]], Peruvian footballer and manager<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/solano-intl.html|title=Nolberto Solano - International Appearances|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref>
+*  1974   &ndash; [[Nolberto Solano]], Peruvian footballer and manager<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/solano-intl.html|title=Nolberto Solano - International Appearances|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |first1=José Luis |last1=Pierrend |date=29 Oct 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105092343/https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/solano-intl.html |archive-date= Nov 5, 2023 }}</ref>
 *[[1975]] &ndash; [[Mayim Bialik]], American actress, neuroscientist, and author<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://groknation.com/news/wish-mayim-bialik-happy-birthday/|title=GrokNation - Wish Mayim Happy Birthday|website=groknation.com|date=12 December 2018}}</ref>
 *  1975   &ndash; [[Craig Moore]], Australian footballer and manager<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/Players/M/MO.html|title=Australian Player Database - MO|website=ozfootball.net}}</ref>
@@ Line 150: / Line 157: @@
 *[[1980]] &ndash; [[Dejene Berhanu]], Ethiopian runner (d. 2010)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/dejene-berhanu-14181377|title=Dejene BIRHANU &#124; Profile|website=worldathletics.org}}</ref>
 *  1980   &ndash; [[Dorin Goian]], Romanian footballer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=70449/profile/index.html|title=Dorin Goian|publisher=UEFA}}</ref>
-*[[1981]] &ndash; [[Eddie Kingston]], American wrestler<ref>{{cite web |title=Eddie Kingston |url=https://www.njpw1972.com/profile/104785 |publisher=[[New Japan Pro Wrestling]] |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref>
+*[[1981]] &ndash; [[Eddie Kingston]], American wrestler<ref>{{cite web |title=Eddie Kingston |url=https://www.njpw1972.com/profile/104785 |publisher=[[New Japan Pro Wrestling]] |access-date=11 December 2023 |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015092012/https://www.njpw1972.com/profile/104785 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 *  1981   &ndash; [[Pedro Ríos]], Spanish footballer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/pedro-rios-maestre/60939/|title=Spain - Pedro Ríos - Profile with news, career statistics and history |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref>
 *  1981   &ndash; [[Yuvraj Singh]], Indian cricketer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/36084.html|title=Yuvraj Singh|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
@@ Line 159: / Line 166: @@
 *[[1983]] &ndash; [[Roni Porokara]], Finnish footballer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifaindex.com/player/150949/roni-porokara/fifa11/|title=Roni Porokara - FIFA 11 - Player Stats|website=fifaindex.com}}</ref>
 *[[1984]] &ndash; [[Daniel Agger]], Danish footballer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=227846/index.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150820151219/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=227846/index.html|archive-date=August 20, 2015|title=Tournaments, latest news, latest video, futsal, beach soccer|date=August 20, 2015|website=archive.md}}</ref>
-*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Pat Calathes]], Greek-American basketball player<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euroleague.net/competition/players/showplayer?clubcode=MAR&pcode=001142&seasoncode=E2011|title=CALATHES, PAT - Welcome to EUROLEAGUE BASKETBALL|website=euroleague.net}}</ref>
+*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Pat Calathes]], Greek-American basketball player<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euroleague.net/competition/players/showplayer?clubcode=MAR&pcode=001142&seasoncode=E2011|title=CALATHES, PAT - Welcome to EUROLEAGUE BASKETBALL|website=euroleague.net|date=5 April 2024 }}</ref>
 *  1985   &ndash; [[Andrew Ladd]], Canadian ice hockey player<ref>{{cite web |title=Andrew Ladd |url=https://www.nhl.com/player/andrew-ladd-8471217 |publisher=[[National Hockey League]] |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref>
 *[[1986]] &ndash; [[Daddy Birori]], Rwandan footballer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/33273/Daddy_Birori.html|title=Daddy Birori|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=national-football-teams.com}}</ref>
@@ Line 166: / Line 173: @@
 *  1986   &ndash; [[T. J. Ward]], American football player<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nfl.com/players/t-j-ward/|title=T.J. Ward Stats, News & Video - DB |publisher=National Football League}}</ref>
 *[[1988]] &ndash; [[Isaac John]], New Zealand rugby league player<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.penrithpanthers.com.au/team/profiles/isaac_john.html|title=Isaac John - Panthers|date=August 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820045842/http://www.penrithpanthers.com.au/team/profiles/isaac_john.html|archive-date=2015-08-20}}</ref>
+*  1988   &ndash; [[Lonah Chemtai Salpeter]], Israeli Olympic marathon runner<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14523502|title=Lonah Chemtai SALPETER &#124; Profile &#124; World Athletics|website=worldathletics.org}}</ref>
 *[[1990]] &ndash; [[Nixon Chepseba]], Kenyan runner<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/kenya/nixon-kiplimo-chepseba-14377806|title=Nixon Kiplimo CHEPSEBA &#124; Profile|website=worldathletics.org}}</ref>
-*  1990   &ndash; [[Dawin]], American singer-songwriter<ref name=dadwin>{{cite web|title=Dawin about.me page|url=https://about.me/dawin}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Exclusive: Watch Dawin's 'Just Girly Things' Video With Vine Stars Brandon Calvillo, Ry Doon & More|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/6312285/exclusive-dawin-just-girly-things-video-vine-stars|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
+*  1990   &ndash; [[Dawin]], American singer-songwriter<ref name=dadwin>{{Cite web|url=https://about.me/dawin|title=dawin bet on about.me|first=dawin|last=bet|website=about.me}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Exclusive: Watch Dawin's 'Just Girly Things' Video With Vine Stars Brandon Calvillo, Ry Doon & More|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/6312285/exclusive-dawin-just-girly-things-video-vine-stars|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
+*  1990   &ndash; [[Victor Moses]], Nigerian footballer<ref>{{cite web|title=Victor Moses|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/3983/Victor-Moses/overview|website=Premier League|access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref>
 *  1990   &ndash; [[Tyron Smith]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=Tyron Smith |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/13978/tyron-smith |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref>
 *[[1991]] &ndash; [[Joseph Leilua]], Australian-Samoan rugby league player<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrl.com/players/internationals/samoa/joseph-leilua/|title=Joseph Leilua|website=NRL|access-date=10 December 2020|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414173416/https://www.nrl.com/players/internationals/samoa/joseph-leilua/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
@@ Line 174: / Line 183: @@
 *[[1996]] &ndash; [[Lucas Hedges]], American actor<ref>{{cite web |title=Lucas Hedges |url=https://www.playbill.com/person/lucas-hedges |publisher=[[Playbill]] |access-date=5 December 2022}}</ref>
 *[[1997]] &ndash; [[Ed Oliver (American football)|Ed Oliver]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=Ed Oliver |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/4039303/ed-oliver |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref>
+*[[2001]] &ndash; [[Michael Olise]], French footballer<ref>{{cite web|title=Michael Olise|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/player/michael-olise|website=[[Bundesliga]]|access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref>
 <!-- Please do not add yourself, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence. If there are multiple people in the same birth year, put them in alphabetical order. Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. -->
@@ Line 181: / Line 191: @@
 *[[1296]] &ndash; [[Isabella of Mar]], first wife of Robert Bruce VII (b. 1277)<ref>{{cite web |title=Isabella of Mar {{!}} Mapping Memorials to Women in Scotland |url=http://womenofscotland.org.uk/women/isabella-mar |website=womenofscotland.org.uk |access-date=17 January 2020}}</ref>
 *[[1572]] &ndash; [[Loredana Marcello]], Dogaressa of Venice, botanist, author<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/dogaressasofveni00stal#page/268/mode/2up|author=Staley, Edgcumbe|title=The dogaressas of Venice: The wives of the doges|publisher=T. W. Laurie|page=269|access-date=2 August 2020}}</ref>
 ===1601–1900===
 *[[1751]] &ndash; [[Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke]], English philosopher and politician, [[Secretary at War]] (b. 1678)<ref>{{EB1911 |last=Yorke |first=Philip Chesney |wstitle=Bolingbroke, Henry St John, Viscount |volume=4 |pages=161–164 }}</ref>
@@ Line 193: / Line 204: @@
 *[[1913]] &ndash; [[Menelik II]], Ethiopian emperor (b. 1844)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/emperor-menelik-ii-sahle-miriam-1844-1913/|title=Emperor Menelik II (Sahle Miriam) (1844-1913)|first=Euell A.|last=Nielsen|date=May 6, 2019}}</ref>
 *[[1921]] &ndash; [[Henrietta Swan Leavitt]], American astronomer and academic (b. 1868)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.famousscientists.org/henrietta-swan-leavitt/|title=Henrietta Swan Leavitt - Biography, Facts and Pictures}}</ref>
-*[[1923]] &ndash; [[Raymond Radiguet]], French author and poet (b. 1903)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://salon-litteraire.linternaute.com/fr/raymond-radiguet/content/1806772-raymond-radiguet-biographie|title=Raymond Radiguet: Biographie|date=November 6, 2012|website=salon-litteraire.linternaute.com}}</ref>
+*[[1923]] &ndash; [[Raymond Radiguet]], French author and poet (b. 1903)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://salon-litteraire.linternaute.com/fr/raymond-radiguet/content/1806772-raymond-radiguet-biographie|title=Raymond Radiguet: Biographie|date=November 6, 2012|website=salon-litteraire.linternaute.com|access-date=August 25, 2020|archive-date=May 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530085332/http://salon-litteraire.linternaute.com/fr/raymond-radiguet/content/1806772-raymond-radiguet-biographie|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 *[[1934]] &ndash; [[Thorleif Haug]], Norwegian skier (b. 1894)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.snl.no/Thorleif_Haug|title=Thorleif Haug|website=Store norske leksikon|date=7 September 2020}}</ref>
 *[[1939]] &ndash; [[Douglas Fairbanks, Sr.]], American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1883)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=l1tfAAAAIBAJ&pg=1352,3146087&dq=douglas+fairbanks+death&hl=en |title=Doug Fairbanks Dies At His Home |date=December 12, 1939 |work=Lawrence Journal-World |page=10 |access-date=March 3, 2013}}</ref>
 *[[1941]] &ndash; [[César Basa]], Filipino lieutenant and pilot (b. 1915)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paf.mil.ph/updatedhistory.html|title=Philippine Air Force :: Official Website|date=April 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429051016/http://www.paf.mil.ph/updatedhistory.html|archive-date=2014-04-29}}</ref>
+*[[1948]] &ndash; [[Marjory Stephenson]], British biochemist (b. 1885)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rayner-Canham |first1=M. F. |last2=Rayner-Canham |first2=G. W. |title=Marjory Stephenson: Founder of Microbial Biochemistry |journal=ACS Symposium Series |date=January 2018 |volume=1311 |pages=53–66 |doi=10.1021/bk-2018-1311.ch003|isbn=978-0-8412-3391-1 }}</ref>
 *[[1951]] &ndash; [[Mildred Bailey]], American singer (b. 1907)<ref>{{cite news|title=MILDRED BAILEY, SINGER OF BLUES; Noted Entertainer Succumbs to Heart Ailment Won Fame With 'Old Rockin' Chair' Big Name" in Field Discovered in 1929|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1951/12/13/archives/mildred-bailey-singer-of-blues-noted-entertainer-succumbs-to-heart.html|date=13 December 1951|access-date=August 25, 2020}}</ref>
 *[[1958]] &ndash; [[Albert Walsh]], Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st [[Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador|Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland]] (b. 1900)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.heritage.nf.ca/govhouse/governors/g69.html|title=Profiles of Governors: Sir Albert Joseph Walsh, 1949|date=June 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605014246/http://www.heritage.nf.ca/govhouse/governors/g69.html|archive-date=2011-06-05}}</ref>
@@ Line 203: / Line 215: @@
 *[[1970]] &ndash; [[Doris Blackburn]], Australian politician (b. 1889)<ref>{{Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |last1=Rasmussen|first1=Carolyn |title=Doris Amelia Blackburn (1889–1970) |id2=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/blackburn-doris-amelia-9517/text16755 |year=1993 |volume=13 |location=Canberra |access-date=7 February 2015}} Published in hardcopy in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 13, (MUP), 1993</ref>
 *[[1975]] &ndash; [[Richard Baggallay (cricketer)|Richard Baggallay]], English colonel and cricketer (b. 1884)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/230191.html|title=Obituaries in 1975|date=December 19, 2005|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
-*[[1980]] &ndash; [[Jean Lesage]], Canadian lawyer and politician, 19th [[Premier of Quebec]] (b. 1912)<ref>{{QuebecMNAbio|lesage-jean-4181}}</ref>
+*[[1980]] &ndash; [[Jean Lesage]], Canadian lawyer and politician, 19th [[Premier of Quebec]] (b. 1912)<ref>{{Quebec MNA biography|lesage-jean-4181}}</ref>
-*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Anne Baxter]], American actress (b. 1923)<ref>{{cite news | title=Anne Baxter Dies at 62, 8 Days After Her Stroke | url=http://articles.latimes.com/1985-12-12/news/mn-16533_1_anne-baxter | work=Los Angeles Times | date=December 12, 1985 | agency=Times Wire Service | access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref>
+*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Anne Baxter]], American actress (b. 1923)<ref>{{cite news | title=Anne Baxter Dies at 62, 8 Days After Her Stroke | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-12-12-mn-16533-story.html | work=Los Angeles Times | date=December 12, 1985 | agency=Times Wire Service | access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref>
 *[[1993]] &ndash; [[József Antall]], Hungarian historian and politician, 35th [[Prime Minister of Hungary]] (b. 1932)<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/13/obituaries/jozsef-antall-who-led-hungary-after-communists-is-dead-at-61.html Jozsef Antall, Who Led Hungary After Communists, Is Dead at 61], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 13 December 1993 Retrieved 8 January 2012</ref>
 *[[1994]] &ndash; [[Stuart Roosa]], American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1933)<ref>{{cite book |last1= Steitz |first1= David E. |last2= Herring |first2= Kyle |title= Apollo Astronaut Stuart Allen Roosa Dies |publisher= NASA |work= Press release 94-210 |date= December 12, 1994 |access-date=23 December 2013 |url= http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/text/roosa_pr.txt}}</ref>
@@ Line 221: / Line 233: @@
 *[[2006]] &ndash; [[Paul Arizin]], American basketball player (b. 1928)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hoophall.com/halloffamers/bhof-paul-arizin.html|title=Official Website of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame - Hall of Famers|date=February 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212161954/http://hoophall.com/halloffamers/bhof-paul-arizin.html|archive-date=2009-02-12}}</ref>
 *  2006   &ndash; [[Peter Boyle]], American actor (b. 1935)<ref>{{cite news|url        = http://www.today.com/id/16187735|title        = Raymond' star Peter Boyle dies at 71|publisher        = Today.com|agency        = Associated Press|date        = 17 December 2006|access-date        = 2007-02-01|archive-date        = 2016-03-21|archive-url        = https://web.archive.org/web/20160321163937/http://www.today.com/id/16187735}}</ref>
+* 2006    &ndash; [[Raymond P. Shafer]], American attorney and politician, 39th [[Governor of Pennsylvania]] (b. 1917)<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hamill|first1=Sean D.|title=Raymond P. Shafer, 89, Governor of Pennsylvania, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/14/obituaries/14shafer.html|access-date=2 May 2024|work=The New York Times|date=14 December 2006}}</ref>
 *  2006   &ndash; [[Alan Shugart]], American engineer and businessman, co-founded [[Seagate Technology]] (b. 1930)<ref>{{cite news| title = Disk drive pioneer Al Shugart dies| work=The New York Times| date = December 15, 2006| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/15/obituaries/15shugart.html?_r=1&oref=slogin | access-date = September 28, 2007| first=John| last=Markoff}}</ref>
 *[[2007]] &ndash; [[François al-Hajj]], Lebanese general (b. 1953)<ref>{{cite news|title=Hajj latest casualty in string of assassinations|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Hajj+latest+casualty+in+string+of+assassinations.-a0179845985|access-date=20 March 2013|newspaper=The Daily Star|date=13 December 2007}}</ref>
 *  2007   &ndash; [[Ike Turner]], American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1931)<ref>{{Cite news|first=Ray |last=McDonald |title=Rock and Roll Legend Ike Turner Dies |date=December 13, 2007 |work=VOA News |publisher=Voice of America |url=http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-12/2007-12-13-voa18.cfm |access-date=January 2, 2009  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217122243/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-12/2007-12-13-voa18.cfm |archive-date=December 17, 2008}}</ref>
 *[[2008]] &ndash; [[Avery Dulles]], American cardinal and theologian (b. 1918)<ref>{{cite web| last = McFadden| first = Robert D.| title = Cardinal Avery Dulles, Theologian, Is Dead at 90| work =The New York Times| date = December 12, 2008| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/13/us/13dulles.html| access-date = December 12, 2008}}</ref>
-*  2008   &ndash; [[Van Johnson]], American actor (b. 1916)<ref>Khurram, Saeed. [http://google.com/search?q=cache:MqTWZLWP7ZQJ:www.lohud.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article%3FAID%3D/20081213/NEWS03/812130357+%22van+johnson%22+cremated&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us "Actor Van Johnson dies in Nyack at 92."] ''The Journal News'', December 13, 2008.</ref>
+*  2008   &ndash; [[Van Johnson]], American actor (b. 1916)<ref>{{cite news| last=Kuchwara| first=Michael| url=https://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/actor-van-johnson-s-heartthrob-dies-at/article_01053483-b3c3-5be5-9c19-aebbf9e02933.html |title=Van Johnson, '40s heartthrob, dies at 92| newspaper=[[Columbia Missourian]]| agency=[[Associated Press]]| date=December 12, 2008| access-date=January 4, 2019}}</ref>
 *[[2010]] &ndash; [[Tom Walkinshaw]], Scottish race car driver, founded [[Tom Walkinshaw Racing]] (b. 1946)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/my_club/gloucester/9280301.stm|title=Gloucester mourn owner Tom Walkinshaw |work=BBC News|date=12 December 2010|access-date=12 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/88672|title=Tom Walkinshaw Passes Away|work=Autosport|date=12 December 2010|access-date=12 December 2010}}</ref>
 *[[2012]] &ndash; [[Joe Allbritton]], American banker, publisher, and philanthropist, founded the [[Allbritton Communications Company]] (b. 1924)<ref>{{cite news|last=Hershey|first=Robert D. Jr.|title=Joe Allbritton, TV and Banking Titan, Dies at 87|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/13/business/joe-allbritton-tv-and-banking-titan-dies-at-87.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/13/business/joe-allbritton-tv-and-banking-titan-dies-at-87.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited|access-date=15 January 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 12, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
@@ Line 243: / Line 256: @@
 *[[2020]] &ndash; [[John le Carré]], English author (b. 1931)<ref>{{cite news |title=John le Carré: Espionage writer dies aged 89 |work=BBC News |date=13 December 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-55297558 |access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref>
 *  2020   &ndash; [[Ann Reinking]], American actress, dancer, and choreographer (b. 1949)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-20|title=Ann Reinking obituary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/dec/20/ann-reinking-obituary|access-date=2020-12-24|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref>
+*[[2021]] &ndash; [[Vicente Fernández]], Mexican actor, ranchera singer, and film producer (b. 1940)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inquirer.com/obituaries/vicente-fernandez-dies-mexican-singer-obituary-20211213.html|title=Vicente Fernández, revered Mexican singer, dies at 81|date=December 13, 2021|access-date=October 19, 2023|last=Bautista|first=Berenice|website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer|Inquirer]]}}</ref>
-*[[2021]] &ndash; [[Maʻafu Tukuiʻaulahi]], Tongan politician and military officer, Deputy Prime Minister (b. 1955)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Manase Lua|first=Pakilau|date=2021-12-18|title=Obituary: Lord Ma'afu, deputy prime minister of Tonga, a chief who truly loved his people|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/127309625/obituary-lord-maafu-deputy-prime-minister-of-tonga-a-chief-who-truly-loved-his-people|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-19|website=Stuff|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217165132/https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/127309625/obituary-lord-maafu-deputy-prime-minister-of-tonga-a-chief-who-truly-loved-his-people |archive-date=2021-12-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Torika Tokalau|date=13 December 2021|title=Tonga's deputy prime minister Lord Ma'afu dies in Auckland|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127266149/tongas-deputy-prime-minister-lord-maafu-dies-in-auckland|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213021851/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127266149/tongas-deputy-prime-minister-lord-maafu-dies-in-auckland|archive-date=13 December 2021|access-date=13 December 2021|publisher=Stuff|quote=He was 66 in 2021}}</ref>
+*2021 &ndash; [[Bernie Fowler]], American politician and environmental advocate (b. 1924)<ref>{{cite web |title=Annual Patuxent River Wade-in |url=https://planning.maryland.gov/Pages/OurWork/fowlerwadein.aspx |website=www.maryland.gov |access-date=19 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rasmussen |first1=Frederick |title=Clyde B. 'Bernie' Fowler, a former Maryland state senator who championed the Patuxent River and Chesapeake Bay, dies |url=https://www.capitalgazette.com/2022/02/15/clyde-b-bernie-fowler-a-former-maryland-state-senator-who-championed-the-patuxent-river-and-chesapeake-bay-dies/ |access-date=19 June 2024 |agency=[[Capital Gazette]] |date=15 February 2022}}</ref>
-*2021 &ndash; [[Vicente Fernández]], Mexican actor, ranchera singer, and film producer (b, 1940)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inquirer.com/obituaries/vicente-fernandez-dies-mexican-singer-obituary-20211213.html|title=Vicente Fernández, revered Mexican singer, dies at 81|date=December 13, 2021|access-date=October 19, 2023|last=Bautista|first=Berenice|website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer|Inquirer]]}}</ref>
+*2021 &ndash;  [[Maʻafu Tukuiʻaulahi]], Tongan politician and military officer, Deputy Prime Minister (b. 1955)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Manase Lua|first=Pakilau|date=2021-12-18|title=Obituary: Lord Ma'afu, deputy prime minister of Tonga, a chief who truly loved his people|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/127309625/obituary-lord-maafu-deputy-prime-minister-of-tonga-a-chief-who-truly-loved-his-people|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-19|website=Stuff|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217165132/https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/127309625/obituary-lord-maafu-deputy-prime-minister-of-tonga-a-chief-who-truly-loved-his-people |archive-date=2021-12-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Torika Tokalau|date=13 December 2021|title=Tonga's deputy prime minister Lord Ma'afu dies in Auckland|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127266149/tongas-deputy-prime-minister-lord-maafu-dies-in-auckland|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213021851/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127266149/tongas-deputy-prime-minister-lord-maafu-dies-in-auckland|archive-date=13 December 2021|access-date=13 December 2021|publisher=Stuff|quote=He was 66 in 2021}}</ref>
 <!--Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list. Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information.  Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.-->
@@ Line 257: / Line 271: @@
 ** [[Peter the Aleut]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Walsh |first1=Michael J. |title=A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West |date=2007 |publisher=Burns and Oats |location=London |isbn=978-0-86012-342-2 |page=486}}</ref>
 ** [[Vicelinus]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Attwater |first1=Donald |title=A New Dictionary of Saints |date=1994 |publisher=Liturgical Press |isbn=0-8146-2324-7 |page=317}}</ref>
+** [[Our Lady of Guadalupe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe? |url=https://friars.us/article/2023/12/12/what-is-the-feast-of-our-lady-of-guadalupe#:~:text=The%20feast%20of%20Our%20Lady%20of%20Guadalupe%20commemorates%20the%20Virgin,the%20Lady%20of%20the%20Americas. |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=friars.us |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of Guadalupe |url=https://missions.ewtn.com/seasonsandfeastdays/ourladyofguadalupe/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=EWTN |language=en}}</ref>
 ** [[December 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)]]
 * [[Constitution Day]] (Russia)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schwirtz |first1=Michael |title=Russian press review: Dec. 12 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/12/world/europe/12iht-12russiapress-review.html |access-date=14 April 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=12 December 2007}}</ref>
@@ Line 272: / Line 287: @@
 {{months}}
-[[Category:Days of the year]]
+[[Category:Days of December]]
-[[Category:December]]

v t e Months and days of the year
Today: January 11, 2025 [refresh]
January	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
February	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
March	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
April	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
May	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
June	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
July	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
August	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
September	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
October	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
November	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
December	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Related: List of non-standard dates

Su	Mo	Tu	We	Th	Fr	Sa
<<	December					>>
	1	2	3	4	5	6
7	8	9	10	11	12	13
14	15	16	17	18	19	20
21	22	23	24	25	26	27
28	29	30	31
2025