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{{Short description|American private equity company}}
{{Short description|American private equity company}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox company
[[File:CD&R Logo - Square.jpg|thumb]]
| name = Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC
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'''Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC''' ('''CD&R''')<ref>Company Web site</ref> is an American [[private equity]] company. CD&R is the 24th oldest Private Equity firm in the world. CD&R has managed the investment of more than $30&nbsp;billion in approximately 90 businesses, representing a broad range of industries with an aggregate transaction value in excess of $140&nbsp;billion. Approximately half of CD&R's investments have involved corporate divestitures.
| type = [[Private equity]]
| logo = [[Image:Clayton-logo.png|145px|Clayton, Dubilier & Rice]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1978}}
| location = [[Seagram Building]]<br>[[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S.
| industry = Buyouts
| subsid = [[Morrisons]] <br> [[Epicor]] <br> [[Wolseley UK]] <br> [[B&M] (60%)
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.cdr-inc.com}}|
}}


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CD&R had ownership stakes in, among others, [[B&M]] Retail, [[Envision Healthcare]], [[The Hertz Corporation]], Hussman International, [[Rexel]] (a distributor of electrical parts and equipment) and [[US Foods]] (a broadline foodservice distributor), [[Sally Beauty]], [[Diversey, Inc.]], [[VWR International]], [[Brake Bros]], Kinko's (now [[FedEx Office]], previously FedEx Kinko's), [[Uniroyal|Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company]] and [[Lexmark]].
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'''Clayton, Dubilier & Rice''' is an American private equity company. It is one of the oldest private equity investment firms in the world. Founded in 1978, CD&R has managed the investment of more than $30 billion in approximately 90 businesses, representing a broad range of industries with an aggregate transaction value in excess of $140 billion. Approximately half of CD&R's investments have involved corporate divestitures.


In June 2024, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice were ranked 11th in [[Private Equity International]]'s PEI 300 ranking of the largest private equity firms in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 1, 2023 |title=PEI 300 {{!}} The Largest Private Equity Firms in the World |url=https://www.privateequityinternational.com/pei-300/ |access-date=June 2, 2023 |website=Private Equity International |language=en-GB}}</ref>
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CD&R had ownership stakes in, among others, [[B&M]] Retail, Envision Healthcare, [[The Hertz Corporation]], Hussman International, [[Rexel]] (a distributor of electrical parts and equipment) and [[US Foods]] (a broadline foodservice distributor), [[Sally Beauty]], [[Diversey, Inc.]], [[VWR International]], [[Brake Bros]], Kinko's (now [[FedEx Office]], previously FedEx Kinko's), [[Uniroyal|Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company]] and [[Lexmark]].


==History==
==History==
{{history of private equity and venture capital}}
{{history of private equity and venture capital}}
Clayton & Dubilier was founded as a turnaround management shop by [[Martin H. Dubilier]], Eugene Clayton and Bill Welsh in 1976.<ref name=hbr>{{cite journal |url=https://hbr.org/1995/05/rehabilitating-the-leveraged-buyout |title=Rehabilitating the Leveraged Buyout |last=Kester |first=W. Carl |date=May 1995 |journal=Harvard Business Review |publisher=Harvard Business Publishing |access-date=December 16, 2019}}</ref> [[Joseph L. Rice III]], a deal professional, putting the firm into investment business, joined in 1978, and the firm became known as Clayton, Dubilier & Rice in 1992.<ref name=hbr /> Clayton and Welsh retired from the firm in 1985 and Dubilier died in 1991.<ref name=reuters>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cdr/cdr-founder-private-equity-pioneer-rice-steps-down-idUSL2E8FQ6BZ20120426 |title=CD&R founder, private equity pioneer Rice steps down |last=Roumeliotis |first=Greg |date=April 26, 2012 |website=Reuters |publisher=Reuters |access-date=December 16, 2019}}</ref>
Clayton & Dubilier was founded as a [[turnaround management]] shop by [[Martin H. Dubilier]], Eugene Clayton and Bill Welsh in 1976.<ref name=hbr>{{cite journal |url=https://hbr.org/1995/05/rehabilitating-the-leveraged-buyout |title=Rehabilitating the Leveraged Buyout |last=Kester |first=W. Carl |date=May 1995 |journal=Harvard Business Review |publisher=Harvard Business Publishing |access-date=December 16, 2019}}</ref> [[Joseph L. Rice III]], a deal professional, putting the firm into investment business, joined in 1978, and the firm became known as Clayton, Dubilier & Rice in 1992.<ref name=hbr /> Clayton and Welsh retired from the firm in 1985 and Dubilier died in 1991.<ref name=reuters>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cdr/cdr-founder-private-equity-pioneer-rice-steps-down-idUSL2E8FQ6BZ20120426 |title=CD&R founder, private equity pioneer Rice steps down |last=Roumeliotis |first=Greg |date=April 26, 2012 |website=Reuters |publisher=Reuters |access-date=December 16, 2019}}</ref>


The firm executed a leveraged buyout in 1987 of Borg-Warner's Industrial Products Division, spinning the division off into a standalone company, BW/IP International.<ref name=hbr /> Between 1987 and 1992 the firm added nine new partners, five of which had previous experience as CEOs.<ref name=hbr />
The firm executed a leveraged buyout in 1987 of Borg-Warner's Industrial Products Division, spinning the division off into a standalone company, BW/IP International.<ref name=hbr /> Between 1987 and 1992 the firm added nine new partners, five of which had previous experience as CEOs.<ref name=hbr />


In 1988, the firm acquired [[Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company]] and a 50% stake of [[Goodrich Corporation|B.F. Goodrich]] for $225 million.<ref name="nytimes883q">[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/14/business/uniroyal-goodrich-tire-co-reports-earnings-for-qtr-to-sept-30.html Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co reports earnings for Qtr to Sept 30], New York Times Archive, Published: October 14, 1988</ref><ref name="nytimes880624">[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/business/company-news-goodrich-outlook.html Company News; Goodrich Outlook], REUTERS, New York Times Archive, Published: June 24, 1988</ref> In 1990, the firm sold Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company to [[Michelin]] for $1.5 billion.<ref name="nytimes890923">[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/23/nyregion/inside-982389.html INSIDE], New York Times, Published: September 23, 1989</ref>
In 1988, the firm acquired [[Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company]] and a 50% stake of [[Goodrich Corporation|B.F. Goodrich]] for $225&nbsp;million;<ref name="nytimes883q">[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/14/business/uniroyal-goodrich-tire-co-reports-earnings-for-qtr-to-sept-30.html Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co reports earnings for Qtr to Sept 30], New York Times Archive, Published: October 14, 1988</ref><ref name="nytimes880624">[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/business/company-news-goodrich-outlook.html Company News; Goodrich Outlook], REUTERS, New York Times Archive, Published: June 24, 1988</ref> the Tire Company was sold to [[Michelin]] for $1.5&nbsp;billion in 1989.<ref name="nytimes890923">[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/23/nyregion/inside-982389.html INSIDE], New York Times, Published: September 23, 1989</ref>


In 1990, CD&R formed [[Lexmark]] from [[IBM]]'s printer and keyboard manufacturing business.<ref name=hbr /> The deal was named one of the 30 Most Influential Private Equity Deals by ''[[Private Equity International]]'' in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.privateequityinternational.com/print-editions/2004-06/the-30-most-influential-private-equity-deals/ |title=The 30 most influential private equity deals |date=June 2, 2004 |website=Private Equity International |publisher=Pirvate Equity International |access-date=December 16, 2019}}</ref>
In 1990, CD&R formed [[Lexmark]] from [[IBM]]'s printer and keyboard manufacturing business.<ref name=hbr /> The deal was named one of the 30 Most Influential Private Equity Deals by ''[[Private Equity International]]'' in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.privateequityinternational.com/print-editions/2004-06/the-30-most-influential-private-equity-deals/ |title=The 30 most influential private equity deals |date=June 2, 2004 |website=Private Equity International |publisher=Private Equity International |access-date=December 16, 2019}}</ref>


In 1998, Don Gogel was appointed CEO.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pitchbook.com/news/articles/cdr-joins-rivals-shakes-up-leadership-team |title=CD&R becomes latest buyout shop to swap leadership |last=Lewis |first=Adam|date=May 30, 2019 |website=Pitchbook |publisher=Pitchbook Data |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref> Also in 1998, CD&R established an office in London.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FLwUz93RgoAC&q=clayton+dubilier+%26+rice+london+office+1998&pg=PA24 |title=Private Equity Exits: Divestment Process Management for Leveraged Buyouts |last=Povaly |first=Stefan |date=March 21, 2007 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9783540709541 |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/17/business/us-firm-s-german-deal.html |title=U.S. Firm's German Deal |date=June 17, 1998 |website=NYTimes |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>
In 1998, Don Gogel was appointed CEO.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pitchbook.com/news/articles/cdr-joins-rivals-shakes-up-leadership-team |title=CD&R becomes latest buyout shop to swap leadership |last=Lewis |first=Adam|date=May 30, 2019 |website=Pitchbook |publisher=Pitchbook Data |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref> Also in 1998, CD&R established an office in London.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FLwUz93RgoAC&q=clayton+dubilier+%26+rice+london+office+1998&pg=PA24 |title=Private Equity Exits: Divestment Process Management for Leveraged Buyouts |last=Povaly |first=Stefan |date=March 21, 2007 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9783540709541 |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/17/business/us-firm-s-german-deal.html |title=U.S. Firm's German Deal |date=June 17, 1998 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>


In 2001, Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, joined CD&R as a Senior Advisor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffkauflin/2016/11/22/jack-welchs-third-act-an-online-mba-program-thats-thriving/#5c8659ad7d24 |title=Jack Welch's Third Act: An Online MBA Program That's Thriving |last=Kauflin |first=Jeff |date=November 22, 2016 |work=Forbes |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>
In 2001, Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, joined CD&R as a senior advisor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffkauflin/2016/11/22/jack-welchs-third-act-an-online-mba-program-thats-thriving/#5c8659ad7d24 |title=Jack Welch's Third Act: An Online MBA Program That's Thriving |last=Kauflin |first=Jeff |date=November 22, 2016 |work=Forbes |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>


In 2003, CD&R purchased the global provider of water treatment products and services, [[Culligan|Culligan International]], from [[Veolia|Veolia Environnement SA]] of France for $610&nbsp;million, which included $200&nbsp;million in equity from a CD&R-managed fund and the remainder from senior debt and securities.<ref>[https://www.waterworld.com/home/article/16224867/clayton-dubilier-rice-completes-buy-of-culligan-from-veolia ''Clayton, Dubilier & Rice completes buy of Culligan from Veolia'']. (October 1, 2004). ''waterworld.com'' website.</ref> In 2021, during its bid to buy out the UK supermarket chain [[Morrisons]], the firm faced accusations of [[Asset Stripping]], leaving Culligans 'saddled with over $850&nbsp;million of debt',<ref>[https://www.nybusinessdivorce.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/94/2020/04/fourth-amended-complaint.pdf ''CULLIGAN SOFT WATER COMPANY v CLAYTON DUBILIER & RICE, LLC'']. FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK March 18, 2019.</ref> while UK politicians warned against leaving Morrisons prey to asset strippers.<ref>Faithfull, Mark. (October 4, 2021). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/markfaithfull/2021/10/04/politicians-warn-against-asset-sell-off-as-cdr-set-to-buy-morrisons/?sh=20b61463241e ''Politicians Warn Against Asset Sell-Off As CD&R Set To Buy Morrisons'']. [[Forbes]].</ref> CD&R denied the accusations. [[Centerbridge Partners]] acquired Culligan in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/culligan-centerbridge-idUSL1E8H4GB420120605 |title=Centerbridge to buy Culligan in debt deal-sources|website=[[Reuters]] |date=June 5, 2012 }}</ref>
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In 2005, CD&R teamed with [[Merrill Lynch]], [[The Carlyle Group]] and [[Barclays]] to acquire [[The Hertz Corporation]] from [[Ford Motor Company]] for $15 billion.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/softly-softly-cdr-lands-the-deal-p77g5k7qpj6 |title=Softly, softly, CDR lands the deal |last=Merrell |first=Caroline |date=July 29, 2006 |work=The Times |access-date=December 16, 2019}}</ref>

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In 2005, CD&R teamed with [[Merrill Lynch]], [[The Carlyle Group]] and [[Barclays]] to acquire [[The Hertz Corporation]] from [[Ford Motor Company]] for $15&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/softly-softly-cdr-lands-the-deal-p77g5k7qpj6 |title=Softly, softly, CDR lands the deal |last=Merrell |first=Caroline |date=July 29, 2006 |work=The Times |access-date=December 16, 2019}}</ref>


In 2011, CD&R and Ingersoll-Rand announced a partnership relating to Ingersoll's Hussmann division in which CD&R would acquire a 60 percent interest.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/ingersoll-rand-sells-60-hussmann-for-370-mln-2011-08-08 |title=Ingersoll-Rand sells 60% Hussmann for $370 mln |last=Warner |first=Melodie |date=August 8, 2011 |website=MarketWatch |publisher=MarketWatch Inc |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>
In 2011, CD&R and Ingersoll-Rand announced a partnership relating to Ingersoll's Hussmann division in which CD&R would acquire a 60 percent interest.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/ingersoll-rand-sells-60-hussmann-for-370-mln-2011-08-08 |title=Ingersoll-Rand sells 60% Hussmann for $370 mln |last=Warner |first=Melodie |date=August 8, 2011 |website=MarketWatch |publisher=MarketWatch Inc |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>


In 2012, Joe Rice stepped down as Chairman, succeeded by Don Gogel.<ref name=wsj>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/cd-r-agrees-to-buy-socotec-stake-at-2-billion-valuation-11569431071|title=CD&R Agrees to Buy Socotec Stake at $2 Billion Valuation|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=25 September 2019|last1=Louch|first1=William}}</ref><ref name=reuters />
In 2012, Joe Rice stepped down as chairman, succeeded by Don Gogel.<ref name=wsj>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/cd-r-agrees-to-buy-socotec-stake-at-2-billion-valuation-11569431071|title=CD&R Agrees to Buy Socotec Stake at $2 Billion Valuation|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=September 25, 2019|last1=Louch|first1=William}}</ref><ref name=reuters />


In March 2013, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice partnered with the family owners of [[B&M]] retail, acquiring a 60 percent stake.<ref>{{cite web|title=Press Release|url=http://www.davidsbridal.com/wcsstore/images/wwcm/landingpages/investorrelations/ClaytonDubilierRiceClosesDavidsBridalAcqusition.pdf}}</ref> In October 2013, the firm acquired a 60% stake in John Deere Landscapes (now SiteOne Landscape Supply) in partnership with Deere & Co., which retained a 40 percent stake.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://search.deere.com/DDC/en_US/News/ | title=Deere to Sell Majority Interest in Landscapes Business | date=28 October 2013 | access-date=18 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150814005051/en/John-Deere-Landscapes-Unveils-SiteOne-Landscape-Supply | title=John Deere Landscapes Unveils New Name as SiteOne Landscape Supply | date=14 August 2015 | access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref>
In March 2013, CD&R partnered with the family owners of [[B&M]] retail, acquiring a 60 percent stake.<ref>{{cite news| last=Butler | first=Sarah | title=B&M Bargains sets sights on European expansion | newspaper=The Guardian | date=December 21, 2012 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/dec/21/bm-bargains-european-expansion}}</ref> In October 2013, the firm acquired a 60% stake in John Deere Landscapes (now SiteOne Landscape Supply) in partnership with Deere & Co., which retained a 40 percent stake.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://search.deere.com/DDC/en_US/News/ | title=Deere to Sell Majority Interest in Landscapes Business | date=October 28, 2013 | access-date=November 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150814005051/en/John-Deere-Landscapes-Unveils-SiteOne-Landscape-Supply | title=John Deere Landscapes Unveils New Name as SiteOne Landscape Supply | date=August 14, 2015 | access-date=October 13, 2016}}</ref>


In 2015, CD&R signed an agreement to sell Hussmann to Panasonic for $1.5 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pitchbook.com/newsletter/cdr-to-exit-hussmann-to-panasonic-in-15b-deal |title=CD&R to exit Hussmann to Panasonic in $1.5B+ deal |date=December 22, 2015 |website=Pitchbook |publisher=Pitchbook Data |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>
In 2015, CD&R sold Hussmann to Panasonic for $1.5&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pitchbook.com/newsletter/cdr-to-exit-hussmann-to-panasonic-in-15b-deal |title=CD&R to exit Hussmann to Panasonic in $1.5B+ deal |date=December 22, 2015 |website=Pitchbook |publisher=Pitchbook Data |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>


Clayton Dubilier & Rice Fund X LP completed fundraising in 2017 with $10 billion of investor commitments.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pehub.com/cdr-closes/ |title=CD&R closes 10th fund at $10 bln |last=Dorbian |first=Iris |date=April 19, 2017 |website=PE Hub |publisher=PE Hub |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>
Clayton Dubilier & Rice Fund X LP completed fundraising in 2017 with $10&nbsp;billion of investor commitments.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pehub.com/cdr-closes/ |title=CD&R closes 10th fund at $10 bln |last=Dorbian |first=Iris |date=April 19, 2017 |website=PE Hub |publisher=PE Hub |access-date=December 18, 2019}}</ref>


Clayton, Dubilier & Rice acquired a 60% stake of [[Capco]] from [[FIS (company)|FIS]] for $477 million in May 2017.<ref>http://www.nasdaq.com/article/fis-to-sell-60-equity-interest-in-capco-to-receive-477-mln-in-cash-proceeds-20170523-00520</ref> In August 2017, the firm acquired the Waterworks division of [[HD Supply]] for 2.5 billion, and changed its name to [[Core & Main]].<ref>[https://www.wateronline.com/doc/hd-supply-waterworks-changes-name-to-core-main-0001 wateronline.com – ''HD Supply Waterworks Changes Name To Core & Main'']</ref><ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=43325500 bloomberg.com – ''Trading Companies and Distributor: Company Overview of HD Supply Waterworks Group and HD Supply Waterworks and Certain Other Waterworks Business Assets'']</ref>
CD&R acquired a 60% stake of [[Capco]] from [[FIS (company)|FIS]] for $477&nbsp;million in May 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/article/fis-to-sell-60-equity-interest-in-capco-to-receive-477-mln-in-cash-proceeds-20170523-00520 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604001059/http://www.nasdaq.com/article/fis-to-sell-60-equity-interest-in-capco-to-receive-477-mln-in-cash-proceeds-20170523-00520 |archive-date=June 4, 2017 |title=FIS To Sell 60% Equity Interest In Capco; To Receive $477 Mln In Cash Proceeds|date=May 23, 2017|publisher=Nasdaq}}</ref> In August 2017, the firm acquired the Waterworks division of [[HD Supply]] for 2.5&nbsp;billion, and changed its name to [[Core & Main]].<ref>{{cite news| title=HD Supply Waterworks Changes Name To Core Main | publisher=Water Online | date=August 30, 2017 | url=https://www.wateronline.com/doc/hd-supply-waterworks-changes-name-to-core-main-0001}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=43325500 bloomberg.com – ''Trading Companies and Distributor: Company Overview of HD Supply Waterworks Group and HD Supply Waterworks and Certain Other Waterworks Business Assets'']</ref>


In January 2018, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice acquired Ply Gem Holdings, Inc. and Atrium Windows & Doors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdr-inc.com/news/releases/2018-01-31_cdr_to_aquire_ply_gem.php| title=Ply Gem Holdings, Inc. Enters into a Definitive Agreement to be Acquired by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice| access-date=17 July 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, the firm acquired a stake in [[SmileDirectClub]] after investing $380 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-10/orthodontics-startup-smiledirectclub-gets-3-2-billion-valuation|title=Orthodontics Startup SmileDirectClub Gets $3.2 Billion Valuation|website=Bloomberg}}</ref>
In January 2018, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice acquired Ply Gem Holdings, Inc. and Atrium Windows & Doors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdr-inc.com/news/releases/2018-01-31_cdr_to_aquire_ply_gem.php| title=Ply Gem Holdings, Inc. Enters into a Definitive Agreement to be Acquired by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice| access-date=July 17, 2018}}</ref> In October 2018, the firm acquired a stake in [[SmileDirectClub]] after investing $380&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-10/orthodontics-startup-smiledirectclub-gets-3-2-billion-valuation|title=Orthodontics Startup SmileDirectClub Gets $3.2 Billion Valuation|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=October 10, 2018 }}</ref>


In 2018, CD&R and American Greetings, a provider of greeting card, announced a partnership transaction in which CD&R would acquire a 60% stake from the family owners.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/clayton-dubilier--rice-to-acquire-majority-interest-in-american-greetings-300597654.html|title=Clayton, Dubilier & Rice to Acquire Majority Interest in American Greetings|last=Rice|first=Clayton, Dubilier |website=www.prnewswire.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-13}}</ref>
In 2018 CD&R acquired a 60% stake from the family owners of greeting card maker American Greetings, establishing a partnership.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/clayton-dubilier--rice-to-acquire-majority-interest-in-american-greetings-300597654.html|title=Clayton, Dubilier & Rice to Acquire Majority Interest in American Greetings|last=Rice|first=Clayton, Dubilier |website=www.prnewswire.com|language=en|access-date=February 13, 2018}}</ref>


In January 2019, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice invested alongside the founder of WSH Investments Ltd., Alistair Storey, to take a major stake in the business.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-buyout-firm-takes-major-stake-in-u-k-restaurant-operator-despite-brexit-uncertainty-11546877576| title=P.S. Buyout Firm Takes Major Stake in U.K. Restaurant Operator Despite Brexit Uncertainty| newspaper=Wall Street Journal| date=7 January 2019| access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref>
In January 2019, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice invested alongside the founder of WSH Investments Ltd., Alistair Storey, to take a major stake in the business.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-buyout-firm-takes-major-stake-in-u-k-restaurant-operator-despite-brexit-uncertainty-11546877576| title=P.S. Buyout Firm Takes Major Stake in U.K. Restaurant Operator Despite Brexit Uncertainty| newspaper=Wall Street Journal| date=January 7, 2019| access-date=January 16, 2019}}</ref>


In July 2019, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice were included on ''[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]'''s 50 Best Private Equity Firms for Entrepreneurs list.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inc.com/magazine/201908/graham-winfrey/private-equity-investment-firms-founder-friendly.html |title=The 50 Best Private Equity Firms for Entrepreneurs |last=Winfrey |first=Graham |date=July 2019 |website=Inc |publisher=Inc |access-date=December 16, 2019}}</ref>
In July 2019, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice were included on ''[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]'''s 50 Best Private Equity Firms for Entrepreneurs list.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inc.com/magazine/201908/graham-winfrey/private-equity-investment-firms-founder-friendly.html |title=The 50 Best Private Equity Firms for Entrepreneurs |last=Winfrey |first=Graham |date=July 2019 |website=Inc |publisher=Inc |access-date=December 16, 2019}}</ref>


In September 2019, CD&R acquired a stake in Socotec in a deal valuing Socotec at $1.98 billion.<ref name=wsj />
In September 2019, CD&R acquired a stake in Socotec in a deal valuing Socotec at $1.98&nbsp;billion.<ref name=wsj />


In August 2020, CD&R signed an agreement to buy [[Epicor]] from [[KKR]] for $ 4.7 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/kkr-to-sell-epicor-software-in-47-billion-deal-4-years-after-buying-the-company-2020-08-31|title=KKR to sell Epicor Software in $4.7 billion deal, 4 years after buying the company|website=[[MarketWatch]]|language=en|date=August 31, 2020}}</ref>
In August 2020, CD&R bought [[Epicor]] from [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts|KKR]] for $4.7&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/kkr-to-sell-epicor-software-in-47-billion-deal-4-years-after-buying-the-company-2020-08-31|title=KKR to sell Epicor Software in $4.7 billion deal, 4 years after buying the company|website=[[MarketWatch]]|language=en|date=August 31, 2020}}</ref>


In January 2021, CD&R agreed to purchase [[Wolseley UK]], the largest supplier of plumbing and building materials in the U.K. from [[Ferguson plc]] for $308m. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/new-owners-for-wolseley-uk|title=New owners for Wolseley UK}}</ref>
In January 2021, CD&R purchased [[Wolseley UK]], the largest supplier of plumbing and building materials in the UK, from [[Ferguson plc]] for £308m.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/new-owners-for-wolseley-uk|title=New owners for Wolseley UK|publisher=The Construction Index|date=January 4, 2021}}</ref>


In October 2021, CD&R purchased [[Morrisons|Morrisons UK]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/oct/02/morrisons-sale-us-bidder-cdr-wins-7bn-auction-supermarket|title = Morrisons sale: US firm CD&R wins £7bn auction for supermarket|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = 2 October 2021}}</ref>
In October 2021, [[Morrisons#CD&R takeover|CD&R purchased Morrisons]], a British supermarket chain,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/oct/02/morrisons-sale-us-bidder-cdr-wins-7bn-auction-supermarket|title = Morrisons sale: US firm CD&R wins £7bn auction for supermarket|website = [[TheGuardian.com]]|date = October 2, 2021}}</ref> which subsequently had financial difficulties.<ref name=butler>{{cite news | last=Butler | first=Sarah | title=Is private equity tearing the soul out of Morrisons supermarket? |newspaper=The Guardian | date=February 27, 2023 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/feb/27/is-private-equity-tearing-the-soul-out-of-morrisons-supermarket}}</ref>

In April 2022 CD&R acquired a 60% interest in [[Humana]], Inc's hospice and personal care divisions ([[Kindred Healthcare|Kindred at Home]]) for US$2.8&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 21, 2022 |title=Humana to sell majority stake in hospice business to CD&R for $2.8 billion |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/humana-sell-majority-stake-hospice-business-cdr-28-billion-2022-04-21/ |access-date=April 30, 2022}}</ref>

In July 2022, CD&R purchased the remaining common stock of [[NCI Building Systems|Cornerstone Building Brands]], completing its acquisition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Clayton, Dubilier & Rice Completes Acquisition of Cornerstone Building Brands |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220724005026/en |website=www.businesswire.com |access-date=July 25, 2022 |language=en |date=July 25, 2022}}</ref>

Also in July 2022, it was announced that CD&R were to acquire the facilities services business OCS Group.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 28, 2022 |title=CD&R to acquire Atalian and OCS to form a Global Facilities Management Platform |url=https://www.cdr-inc.com/news/press-release/cdr-acquire-atalian-and-ocs-form-global-facilities-management-platform |publisher=Clayton, Dublier & Rice}}</ref> This was then followed by the merger of OCS and the UK, Ireland and Asia operations of facilities management company Atalian.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 31, 2023 |title=Atalian UK, Ireland and Asia operations to merge with OCS Group to create new, leading international FM provider |url=https://ocs.com/uk/news/atalian-servest-and-ocs-merger/ |publisher=OCS}}</ref>

In February 2023, CD&R agreed to buyout [[Focus Financial Partners]] in an all-cash deal for a total enterprise value of over $7{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{cite news |last=Yasmin |first=Mehnaz |date=February 27, 2023 |title=CD&R to take Focus Financial private in over $7 bln deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/focus-financial-be-bought-by-clayton-dubilier-rice-7-bln-deal-2023-02-27/ |publisher=Reuters}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{Private equity and venture capital}}
{{Private equity and venture capital}}
{{Largest private equity firms}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Clayton, Dubilier and Rice}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Clayton, Dubilier and Rice}}
[[Category:Private equity firms of the United States]]
[[Category:Private equity firms of the United States]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:Financial services companies established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in New York City]]
[[Category:Financial services companies based in New York City]]

Latest revision as of 18:04, 10 January 2025

Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, LLC (CD&R)[1] is an American private equity company. CD&R is the 24th oldest Private Equity firm in the world. CD&R has managed the investment of more than $30 billion in approximately 90 businesses, representing a broad range of industries with an aggregate transaction value in excess of $140 billion. Approximately half of CD&R's investments have involved corporate divestitures.

CD&R had ownership stakes in, among others, B&M Retail, Envision Healthcare, The Hertz Corporation, Hussman International, Rexel (a distributor of electrical parts and equipment) and US Foods (a broadline foodservice distributor), Sally Beauty, Diversey, Inc., VWR International, Brake Bros, Kinko's (now FedEx Office, previously FedEx Kinko's), Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company and Lexmark.

In June 2024, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice were ranked 11th in Private Equity International's PEI 300 ranking of the largest private equity firms in the world.[2]

History

[edit]
History of private equity
and venture capital
Early history
(origins of modern private equity)
The 1980s
(leveraged buyout boom)
The 1990s
(leveraged buyout and the venture capital bubble)
The 2000s
(dot-com bubble to the credit crunch)
The 2010s
(expansion)
The 2020s
(COVID-19 recession)

Clayton & Dubilier was founded as a turnaround management shop by Martin H. Dubilier, Eugene Clayton and Bill Welsh in 1976.[3] Joseph L. Rice III, a deal professional, putting the firm into investment business, joined in 1978, and the firm became known as Clayton, Dubilier & Rice in 1992.[3] Clayton and Welsh retired from the firm in 1985 and Dubilier died in 1991.[4]

The firm executed a leveraged buyout in 1987 of Borg-Warner's Industrial Products Division, spinning the division off into a standalone company, BW/IP International.[3] Between 1987 and 1992 the firm added nine new partners, five of which had previous experience as CEOs.[3]

In 1988, the firm acquired Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company and a 50% stake of B.F. Goodrich for $225 million;[5][6] the Tire Company was sold to Michelin for $1.5 billion in 1989.[7]

In 1990, CD&R formed Lexmark from IBM's printer and keyboard manufacturing business.[3] The deal was named one of the 30 Most Influential Private Equity Deals by Private Equity International in 2004.[8]

In 1998, Don Gogel was appointed CEO.[9] Also in 1998, CD&R established an office in London.[10][11]

In 2001, Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, joined CD&R as a senior advisor.[12]

In 2003, CD&R purchased the global provider of water treatment products and services, Culligan International, from Veolia Environnement SA of France for $610 million, which included $200 million in equity from a CD&R-managed fund and the remainder from senior debt and securities.[13] In 2021, during its bid to buy out the UK supermarket chain Morrisons, the firm faced accusations of Asset Stripping, leaving Culligans 'saddled with over $850 million of debt',[14] while UK politicians warned against leaving Morrisons prey to asset strippers.[15] CD&R denied the accusations. Centerbridge Partners acquired Culligan in 2012.[16]

In 2005, CD&R teamed with Merrill Lynch, The Carlyle Group and Barclays to acquire The Hertz Corporation from Ford Motor Company for $15 billion.[17]

In 2011, CD&R and Ingersoll-Rand announced a partnership relating to Ingersoll's Hussmann division in which CD&R would acquire a 60 percent interest.[18]

In 2012, Joe Rice stepped down as chairman, succeeded by Don Gogel.[19][4]

In March 2013, CD&R partnered with the family owners of B&M retail, acquiring a 60 percent stake.[20] In October 2013, the firm acquired a 60% stake in John Deere Landscapes (now SiteOne Landscape Supply) in partnership with Deere & Co., which retained a 40 percent stake.[21][22]

In 2015, CD&R sold Hussmann to Panasonic for $1.5 billion.[23]

Clayton Dubilier & Rice Fund X LP completed fundraising in 2017 with $10 billion of investor commitments.[24]

CD&R acquired a 60% stake of Capco from FIS for $477 million in May 2017.[25] In August 2017, the firm acquired the Waterworks division of HD Supply for 2.5 billion, and changed its name to Core & Main.[26][27]

In January 2018, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice acquired Ply Gem Holdings, Inc. and Atrium Windows & Doors.[28] In October 2018, the firm acquired a stake in SmileDirectClub after investing $380 million.[29]

In 2018 CD&R acquired a 60% stake from the family owners of greeting card maker American Greetings, establishing a partnership.[30]

In January 2019, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice invested alongside the founder of WSH Investments Ltd., Alistair Storey, to take a major stake in the business.[31]

In July 2019, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice were included on Inc.'s 50 Best Private Equity Firms for Entrepreneurs list.[32]

In September 2019, CD&R acquired a stake in Socotec in a deal valuing Socotec at $1.98 billion.[19]

In August 2020, CD&R bought Epicor from KKR for $4.7 billion.[33]

In January 2021, CD&R purchased Wolseley UK, the largest supplier of plumbing and building materials in the UK, from Ferguson plc for £308m.[34]

In October 2021, CD&R purchased Morrisons, a British supermarket chain,[35] which subsequently had financial difficulties.[36]

In April 2022 CD&R acquired a 60% interest in Humana, Inc's hospice and personal care divisions (Kindred at Home) for US$2.8 billion.[37]

In July 2022, CD&R purchased the remaining common stock of Cornerstone Building Brands, completing its acquisition.[38]

Also in July 2022, it was announced that CD&R were to acquire the facilities services business OCS Group.[39] This was then followed by the merger of OCS and the UK, Ireland and Asia operations of facilities management company Atalian.[40]

In February 2023, CD&R agreed to buyout Focus Financial Partners in an all-cash deal for a total enterprise value of over $7 billion.[41]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Company Web site
  2. ^ "PEI 300 | The Largest Private Equity Firms in the World". Private Equity International. June 1, 2023. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e Kester, W. Carl (May 1995). "Rehabilitating the Leveraged Buyout". Harvard Business Review. Harvard Business Publishing. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Roumeliotis, Greg (April 26, 2012). "CD&R founder, private equity pioneer Rice steps down". Reuters. Reuters. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  5. ^ Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co reports earnings for Qtr to Sept 30, New York Times Archive, Published: October 14, 1988
  6. ^ Company News; Goodrich Outlook, REUTERS, New York Times Archive, Published: June 24, 1988
  7. ^ INSIDE, New York Times, Published: September 23, 1989
  8. ^ "The 30 most influential private equity deals". Private Equity International. Private Equity International. June 2, 2004. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  9. ^ Lewis, Adam (May 30, 2019). "CD&R becomes latest buyout shop to swap leadership". Pitchbook. Pitchbook Data. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  10. ^ Povaly, Stefan (March 21, 2007). Private Equity Exits: Divestment Process Management for Leveraged Buyouts. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783540709541. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  11. ^ "U.S. Firm's German Deal". The New York Times. June 17, 1998. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  12. ^ Kauflin, Jeff (November 22, 2016). "Jack Welch's Third Act: An Online MBA Program That's Thriving". Forbes. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  13. ^ Clayton, Dubilier & Rice completes buy of Culligan from Veolia. (October 1, 2004). waterworld.com website.
  14. ^ CULLIGAN SOFT WATER COMPANY v CLAYTON DUBILIER & RICE, LLC. FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK March 18, 2019.
  15. ^ Faithfull, Mark. (October 4, 2021). Politicians Warn Against Asset Sell-Off As CD&R Set To Buy Morrisons. Forbes.
  16. ^ "Centerbridge to buy Culligan in debt deal-sources". Reuters. June 5, 2012.
  17. ^ Merrell, Caroline (July 29, 2006). "Softly, softly, CDR lands the deal". The Times. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  18. ^ Warner, Melodie (August 8, 2011). "Ingersoll-Rand sells 60% Hussmann for $370 mln". MarketWatch. MarketWatch Inc. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  19. ^ a b Louch, William (September 25, 2019). "CD&R Agrees to Buy Socotec Stake at $2 Billion Valuation". Wall Street Journal.
  20. ^ Butler, Sarah (December 21, 2012). "B&M Bargains sets sights on European expansion". The Guardian.
  21. ^ "Deere to Sell Majority Interest in Landscapes Business". October 28, 2013. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
  22. ^ "John Deere Landscapes Unveils New Name as SiteOne Landscape Supply". August 14, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  23. ^ "CD&R to exit Hussmann to Panasonic in $1.5B+ deal". Pitchbook. Pitchbook Data. December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  24. ^ Dorbian, Iris (April 19, 2017). "CD&R closes 10th fund at $10 bln". PE Hub. PE Hub. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
  25. ^ "FIS To Sell 60% Equity Interest In Capco; To Receive $477 Mln In Cash Proceeds". Nasdaq. May 23, 2017. Archived from the original on June 4, 2017.
  26. ^ "HD Supply Waterworks Changes Name To Core Main". Water Online. August 30, 2017.
  27. ^ bloomberg.com – Trading Companies and Distributor: Company Overview of HD Supply Waterworks Group and HD Supply Waterworks and Certain Other Waterworks Business Assets
  28. ^ "Ply Gem Holdings, Inc. Enters into a Definitive Agreement to be Acquired by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice". Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  29. ^ "Orthodontics Startup SmileDirectClub Gets $3.2 Billion Valuation". Bloomberg.com. October 10, 2018.
  30. ^ Rice, Clayton, Dubilier. "Clayton, Dubilier & Rice to Acquire Majority Interest in American Greetings". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved February 13, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ "P.S. Buyout Firm Takes Major Stake in U.K. Restaurant Operator Despite Brexit Uncertainty". Wall Street Journal. January 7, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
  32. ^ Winfrey, Graham (July 2019). "The 50 Best Private Equity Firms for Entrepreneurs". Inc. Inc. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  33. ^ "KKR to sell Epicor Software in $4.7 billion deal, 4 years after buying the company". MarketWatch. August 31, 2020.
  34. ^ "New owners for Wolseley UK". The Construction Index. January 4, 2021.
  35. ^ "Morrisons sale: US firm CD&R wins £7bn auction for supermarket". TheGuardian.com. October 2, 2021.
  36. ^ Butler, Sarah (February 27, 2023). "Is private equity tearing the soul out of Morrisons supermarket?". The Guardian.
  37. ^ "Humana to sell majority stake in hospice business to CD&R for $2.8 billion". Reuters. April 21, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
  38. ^ "Clayton, Dubilier & Rice Completes Acquisition of Cornerstone Building Brands". www.businesswire.com. July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
  39. ^ "CD&R to acquire Atalian and OCS to form a Global Facilities Management Platform". Clayton, Dublier & Rice. July 28, 2022.
  40. ^ "Atalian UK, Ireland and Asia operations to merge with OCS Group to create new, leading international FM provider". OCS. December 31, 2023.
  41. ^ Yasmin, Mehnaz (February 27, 2023). "CD&R to take Focus Financial private in over $7 bln deal". Reuters.
[edit]
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