Florida's 2nd congressional district: Difference between revisions
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|state = Florida |
|state = Florida |
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|district number = 2 |
|district number = 2 |
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|image name = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|from=Florida's 2nd congressional district (2023–).map|frame-height=300|frame-width=400|frame-latitude=30|frame-longitude=-84.6|zoom=7|overlay-horizontal-alignment=right|overlay-vertical-alignment=bottom|overlay=[[File:Florida's 2nd congressional district (since 2023).svg|120px]]}} |
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|image name = FL02 115.png |
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|image width = |
|image width = |
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|image caption = |
|image caption = Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 |
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|representative = [[Neal Dunn]] |
|representative = [[Neal Dunn]] |
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|party = Republican |
|party = Republican |
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|english area = 12,871<ref>{{cite web|title=Congressional Plan--SC14-1905 (Ordered by The Florida Supreme Court, 2-December-2015)|url=https://www.flsenate.gov/usercontent/session/redistricting/map_and_stats_11x17v5b_sc14-1905.pdf|publisher=Florida Senate Committee on Reapportionment|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> |
|english area = 12,871<ref>{{cite web|title=Congressional Plan--SC14-1905 (Ordered by The Florida Supreme Court, 2-December-2015)|url=https://www.flsenate.gov/usercontent/session/redistricting/map_and_stats_11x17v5b_sc14-1905.pdf|publisher=Florida Senate Committee on Reapportionment|access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> |
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|metric area = |
|metric area = |
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|distribution ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html|title=Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)| |
|distribution ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html|title=Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)|publisher=US Census Bureau Geography|website=www.census.gov}}</ref> |
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|percent urban = 51.34 |
|percent urban = 51.34 |
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|percent rural = 48.66 |
|percent rural = 48.66 |
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|population = |
|population = 799,012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=12&cd=02|title=My Congressional District|publisher=Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau|website=www.census.gov}}</ref> |
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|population year = |
|population year = 2023 |
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|median income = $ |
|median income = $63,306<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=12&cd=02|title = My Congressional District}}</ref> |
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| percent white = |
| percent white = 63.3 |
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| percent hispanic = |
| percent hispanic = 7.1 |
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| percent black = |
| percent black = 22.5 |
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| percent asian = |
| percent asian = 2.1 |
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| percent more than one race = |
| percent more than one race = 4.2 |
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| percent other race = |
| percent other race = 0.8 |
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|percent blue collar = |
|percent blue collar = |
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|percent white collar = |
|percent white collar = |
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|percent gray collar = |
|percent gray collar = |
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|cpvi = R+ |
|cpvi = R+8<ref name=Cook>{{Cite web|title=2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List|url=https://www.cookpolitical.com/cook-pvi/2022-partisan-voting-index/district-map-and-list|access-date=2023-01-10|website=Cook Political Report|date=July 12, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> |
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|publisher=The Cook Political Report|date=April 15, 2021|access-date=April 15, 2021}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Florida's 2nd congressional district''' is a [[congressional district]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Florida]]. The district consists of the eastern part of the [[Florida Panhandle]] along with much of the [[Big Bend (Florida)|Big Bend]] region along the Emerald Coast. It straddles both the Eastern and Central time zones. It |
'''Florida's 2nd congressional district''' is a [[congressional district]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Florida]]. The district consists of the eastern part of the [[Florida Panhandle]] along with much of the [[Big Bend (Florida)|Big Bend]] region along the Emerald Coast. It straddles both the Eastern and Central time zones. It includes [[Tallahassee]], the state capital, and [[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]]. With 49% of its residents living in rural areas, it is the least urbanized district in the state, and the voters are generally [[conservative]]. The district is represented by Republican [[Neal Dunn]] of Panama City. |
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==Characteristics== |
==Characteristics== |
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Florida's 2nd Congressional District is the largest congressional district in Florida by land area and consists of all of [[Bay County, Florida|Bay]], [[Calhoun County, Florida|Calhoun]], [[ |
Florida's 2nd Congressional District is the largest congressional district in Florida by land area and consists of all of [[Bay County, Florida|Bay]], [[Calhoun County, Florida|Calhoun]], [[Franklin County, Florida|Franklin]], [[Gadsden County, Florida|Gadsden]], [[Gulf County, Florida|Gulf]], [[Holmes County, Florida|Holmes]], [[Jackson County, Florida|Jackson]], [[Jefferson County, Florida|Jefferson]], [[Leon County, Florida|Leon]], [[Liberty County, Florida|Liberty]], [[Madison County, Florida|Madison]], [[Taylor County, Florida|Taylor]], [[Wakulla County, Florida|Wakulla]], and [[Washington County, Florida|Washington]] counties, as well as portions of [[Walton County, Florida|Walton]] and [[Lafayette County, Florida|Lafayette]]. |
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Most of the territory now in the 2nd was the [[Florida's 9th congressional district|9th District]] from 1963 to 1983; it has been the 2nd since 1983. For most of its existence, the 2nd and its predecessors were centered in [[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]], the [[List of capitals in the United States|state capital]] and [[county seat]] of Leon County. While the adjacent [[Florida's 1st congressional district|1st]] and [[Florida's 3rd congressional district|3rd congressional districts]] had become the most conservative districts in the state by the 1990s, the 2nd District was historically more of a swing district. With a large population of students, government workers and university faculty, Tallahassee was far more liberal than the rest of the district. [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[Barack Obama]] received 62 percent of the Leon County vote in the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 presidential election]], but [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[John McCain]] received 54 percent of the 2nd district's vote overall.<ref>{{cite news|title=2008 Florida: Presidential County Results| url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2008/results/states/president/florida.html | work=The New York Times}}</ref> The district had become somewhat friendlier to Republicans when conservative-leaning Panama City was shifted from the 1st District. |
Most of the territory now in the 2nd was the [[Florida's 9th congressional district|9th District]] from 1963 to 1983; it has been the 2nd since 1983. For most of its existence, the 2nd and its predecessors were centered in [[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]], the [[List of capitals in the United States|state capital]] and [[county seat]] of Leon County. While the adjacent [[Florida's 1st congressional district|1st]] and [[Florida's 3rd congressional district|3rd congressional districts]] had become the most conservative districts in the state by the 1990s, the 2nd District was historically more of a swing district. With a large population of students, government workers and university faculty, Tallahassee was far more liberal than the rest of the district. [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[Barack Obama]] received 62 percent of the Leon County vote in the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 presidential election]], but [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[John McCain]] received 54 percent of the 2nd district's vote overall.<ref>{{cite news|title=2008 Florida: Presidential County Results| url=http://elections.nytimes.com/2008/results/states/president/florida.html | work=The New York Times}}</ref> The district had become somewhat friendlier to Republicans when conservative-leaning Panama City was shifted from the 1st District. |
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==Voting== |
==Voting== |
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=== Recent election results from statewide races === |
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{{Update|section|date=October 2013}} |
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{| class=wikitable |
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{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |
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! Year |
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|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
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! Office |
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! colspan="3" | Election results from statewide races |
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! Results<ref>https://davesredistricting.org/maps#viewmap::3a6791b9-a186-4691-a95c-5d51dbb3be1c</ref> |
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|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE" align="center" |
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|Year |
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|Office |
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|Results |
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|- |
|- |
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||2008 |
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| rowspan=2|1992 |
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| [[ |
| [[2008 United States presidential election in Florida|President]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/ |
| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[John McCain|McCain]] 53% - 46% |
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|- |
|- |
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||2012 |
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| [[United States Senate election in Florida, 1992|Senator]] |
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| [[2012 United States presidential election in Florida|President]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Bob Graham|Graham]] 70.7 - 29.3% |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] 54% - 46% |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
|rowspan=2 |2016 |
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| [[United States |
| [[2016 United States presidential election in Florida|President]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[ |
| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] 54% - 42% |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[ |
| [[2016 United States Senate election in Florida|Senate]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/ |
| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Marco Rubio|Rubio]] 55% - 41% |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|rowspan=4|2018 |
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| [[United States |
| [[2018 United States Senate election in Florida|Senate]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/ |
| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Rick Scott|Scott]] 53% - 47% |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[2018 Florida gubernatorial election|Governor]] |
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| rowspan=2|1998 |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Ron DeSantis|DeSantis]] 53% - 46% |
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| [[United States Senate election in Florida, 1998|Senator]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Bob Graham|Graham]] 70.9 - 29.1% |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[Florida |
| [[2018 Florida Attorney General election|Attorney General]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[ |
| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Ashley Moody|Moody]] 55% - 43% |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[2018 Florida Chief Financial Officer election|Chief Financial Officer]] |
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| rowspan=2|2000 |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Jimmy Patronis|Patronis]] 57% - 43% |
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| [[United States presidential election in Florida, 2000|President]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[George W. Bush|Bush]] 49.2 - 48.4% |
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|- |
|- |
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||2020 |
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| [[United States Senate election in Florida, 2000|Senator]] |
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| [[2020 United States presidential election in Florida|President]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}}|[[Bill Nelson (politician)|Nelson]] 56.7 - 43.3% |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] 55% - 44% |
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|- |
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| rowspan=1|2004 |
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| [[United States presidential election in Florida, 2004|President]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[George W. Bush|Bush]] 54 - 46% |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|rowspan=4|2022 |
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| [[United States |
| [[2022 United States Senate election in Florida|Senate]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[ |
| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Marco Rubio|Rubio]] 60% - 39% |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[2022 Florida gubernatorial election|Governor]] |
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| rowspan=1|2012 |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Ron DeSantis|DeSantis]] 62% - 38% |
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| [[United States presidential election in Florida, 2012|President]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Mitt Romney|Romney]] 52 - 47% |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[2022 Florida Attorney General election|Attorney General]] |
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| rowspan=2|2016 |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Ashley Moody|Moody]] 64% - 36% |
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| [[United States presidential election in Florida, 2016|President]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] 66.2 - 30.6% |
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|- |
|- |
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| [[2022 Florida Chief Financial Officer election|Chief Financial Officer]] |
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| [[United States Senate election in Florida, 2016|Senate]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[ |
| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Jimmy Patronis|Patronis]] 64% - 36% |
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|- |
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| rowspan=1|2020 |
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| [[2020 United States presidential election in Florida|President]] |
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| align="right" {{party shading/Republican}}|[[Donald Trump|Trump]] 67.0 - 32.0% |
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|} |
|} |
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===Voter registration=== |
===Voter registration=== |
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{| class=wikitable |
{| class=wikitable |
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! colspan = 4 | Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of February |
! colspan = 4 | Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of February 20, 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dos.myflorida.com/elections/data-statistics/voter-registration-statistics/bookclosing/bookclosing-reports-regular/|title=Bookclosing Reports - Regular - Division of Elections - Florida Department of State|website=dos.myflorida.com|access-date=2024-05-01}}</ref> |
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|- |
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! colspan = 2 | Party |
! colspan = 2 | Party |
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Line 118: | Line 104: | ||
| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}} |
| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}} |
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| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
| style="text-align:center;"|218,080 |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
| style="text-align:center;"| 42.98% |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}} |
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}} |
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| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
| style="text-align:center;"|187,805 |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
| style="text-align:center;"| 37.01% |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}} |
| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}} |
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| No Party Affiliation |
| No Party Affiliation |
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| style="text-align:center;"| 84,548 |
| style="text-align:center;"| 84,548 |
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| style="text-align:center;"| 17. |
| style="text-align:center;"| 17.90% |
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|} |
|} |
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== Composition == |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |
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!# |
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!County |
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!Seat |
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!Population |
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|- |
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|5 |
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|[[Bay County, Florida|Bay]] |
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|[[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]] |
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|190,769 |
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|- |
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|13 |
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|[[Calhoun County, Florida|Calhoun]] |
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|[[Blountstown, Florida|Blountstown]] |
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|13,470 |
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|- |
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|37 |
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|[[Franklin County, Florida|Franklin]] |
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|[[Apalachicola, Florida|Apalachicola]] |
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|12,594 |
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|- |
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|39 |
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|[[Gadsden County, Florida|Gadsden]] |
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|[[Quincy, Florida|Quincy]] |
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|43,833 |
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|- |
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|45 |
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|[[Gulf County, Florida|Gulf]] |
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|[[Port St. Joe, Florida|Port St. Joe]] |
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|15,693 |
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|- |
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|59 |
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|[[Holmes County, Florida|Holmes]] |
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|[[Bonifay, Florida|Bonifay]] |
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|19,944 |
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|- |
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|63 |
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|[[Jackson County, Florida|Jackson]] |
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|[[Marianna, Florida|Marianna]] |
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|48,622 |
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|- |
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|65 |
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|[[Jefferson County, Florida|Jefferson]] |
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|[[Monticello, Florida|Monticello]] |
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|15,450 |
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|- |
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|73 |
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|[[Leon County, Florida|Leon]] |
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|[[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]] |
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|296,913 |
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|- |
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|77 |
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|[[Liberty County, Florida|Liberty]] |
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|[[Bristol, Florida|Bristol]] |
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|7,706 |
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|- |
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|79 |
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|[[Madison County, Florida|Madison]] |
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|[[Madison, Florida|Madison]] |
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|18,519 |
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|- |
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|123 |
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|[[Taylor County, Florida|Taylor]] |
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|[[Perry, Florida|Perry]] |
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|21,682 |
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|- |
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|129 |
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|[[Wakulla County, Florida|Wakulla]] |
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|[[Crawfordville, Florida|Crawfordville]] |
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|36,449 |
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|- |
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|131 |
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|[[Walton County, Florida|Walton]] |
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|[[DeFuniak Springs, Florida|DeFuniak Springs]] |
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|86,354 |
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|- |
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|133 |
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|[[Washington County, Florida|Washington]] |
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|[[Chipley, Florida|Chipley]] |
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|25,602 |
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|} |
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=== Cities with 10,000 or more people === |
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* [[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]] – 196,169 |
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* [[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]] – 32,939 |
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* [[Bradfordville, Florida|Bradfordville]] – 19,183 |
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* [[Lynn Haven, Florida|Lynn Haven]] – 18,695 |
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* [[Panama City Beach, Florida|Panama City Beach]] – 18,094 |
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* [[Upper Grand Lagoon, Florida|Upper Grand Lagoon]] – 15,778 |
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* [[Callaway, Florida|Callaway]] – 13,045 |
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=== 2,500-10,000 people === |
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* [[Springfield, Florida|Springfield]] – 8,075 |
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* [[Quincy, Florida|Quincy]] – 7,970 |
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* [[Perry, Florida|Perry]] – 7,059 |
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* [[Marianna, Florida|Marianna]] – 6,245 |
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* [[DeFuniak Springs, Florida|DeFuniak Springs]] – 5,919 |
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* [[Crawfordville, Florida|Crawfordville]] – 4,853 |
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* [[Lower Grand Lagoon, Florida|Lower Grand Lagoon]] – 4,398 |
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* [[Laguna Beach, Florida|Laguna Beach]] – 4,330 |
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* [[Woodville, Florida|Woodville]] – 4,097 |
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* [[Chipley, Florida|Chipley]] – 3,660 |
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* [[Midway, Gadsden County, Florida|Midway]] – 3,537 |
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* [[Port St. Joe, Florida|Port St. Joe]] – 3,357 |
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* [[Cedar Grove, Florida|Cedar Grove]] – 3,148 |
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* [[Chattahoochee, Florida|Chattahoochee]] – 2,955 |
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* [[Madison, Florida|Madison]] – 2,912 |
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* [[Pretty Bayou, Florida|Pretty Bayou]] – 2,911 |
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* [[Bonifay, Florida|Bonifay]] – 2,759 |
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* [[Eastpoint, Florida|Eastpoint]] – 2,614 |
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* [[Carrabelle, Florida|Carrabelle]] – 2,606 |
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* [[Monticello, Florida|Monticello]] – 2,589 |
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== List of members representing the district == |
== List of members representing the district == |
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{{See also|United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 2010#District 2*}} |
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{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |
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|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
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| align=left | [[File:Walls josiah.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Josiah T. Walls]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Walls josiah.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Josiah T. Walls]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]])}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
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| nowrap | March 4, 1875 –<br/>April 19, 1876 |
| nowrap | March 4, 1875 –<br/>April 19, 1876 |
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|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
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| align=left | [[File:Jesse Finley - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Jesse J. Finley]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Jesse Finley - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Jesse J. Finley]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]])}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
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| nowrap | April 19, 1876 –<br/>March 3, 1877 |
| nowrap | April 19, 1876 –<br/>March 3, 1877 |
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Line 161: | Line 262: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
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| align=left | [[File:Bisbee.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Horatio Bisbee Jr.]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Bisbee.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Horatio Bisbee Jr.]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]])}} |
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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
||
| nowrap | March 4, 1877 –<br/>February 20, 1879 |
| nowrap | March 4, 1877 –<br/>February 20, 1879 |
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|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
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| align=left | [[File:Jesse Finley - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Jesse J. Finley]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Jesse Finley - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Jesse J. Finley]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]])}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
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| nowrap | February 20, 1879 –<br/>March 3, 1879 |
| nowrap | February 20, 1879 –<br/>March 3, 1879 |
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Line 175: | Line 276: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
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| align=left | [[File:Noble A Hull.png|100px]]<br/>'''[[Noble A. Hull]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Noble A Hull.png|100px]]<br/>'''[[Noble A. Hull]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Sanford, Florida|Sanford]])}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
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| nowrap | March 4, 1879 –<br/>January 22, 1881 |
| nowrap | March 4, 1879 –<br/>January 22, 1881 |
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Line 182: | Line 283: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Bisbee.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Horatio Bisbee Jr.]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Bisbee.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Horatio Bisbee Jr.]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
||
| nowrap | January 22, 1881 –<br/>March 3, 1881 |
| nowrap | January 22, 1881 –<br/>March 3, 1881 |
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Line 189: | Line 290: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Jesse Finley - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Jesse J. Finley]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Jesse Finley - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Jesse J. Finley]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | March 4, 1881 –<br/>June 1, 1882 |
| nowrap | March 4, 1881 –<br/>June 1, 1882 |
||
Line 196: | Line 297: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Bisbee.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Horatio Bisbee Jr.]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Bisbee.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Horatio Bisbee Jr.]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
||
| nowrap | June 1, 1882 –<br/>March 3, 1885 |
| nowrap | June 1, 1882 –<br/>March 3, 1885 |
||
Line 203: | Line 304: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Charles_Dougherty.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Charles Dougherty (Florida)|Charles Dougherty]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Charles_Dougherty.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Charles Dougherty (Florida)|Charles Dougherty]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Port Orange, Florida|Port Orange]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | March 4, 1885 –<br/>March 3, 1889 |
| nowrap | March 4, 1885 –<br/>March 3, 1889 |
||
Line 210: | Line 311: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Robertbullock.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Robert Bullock]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Robertbullock.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Robert Bullock]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Ocala, Florida|Ocala]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | March 4, 1889 –<br/>March 3, 1893 |
| nowrap | March 4, 1889 –<br/>March 3, 1893 |
||
Line 217: | Line 318: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Charles Merian Cooper.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Charles Merian Cooper|Charles M. Cooper]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Charles Merian Cooper.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Charles Merian Cooper|Charles M. Cooper]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | March 4, 1893 –<br/>March 3, 1897 |
| nowrap | March 4, 1893 –<br/>March 3, 1897 |
||
Line 224: | Line 325: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Robert Wyche Davis.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Robert Wyche Davis|Robert W. Davis]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Robert Wyche Davis.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Robert Wyche Davis|Robert W. Davis]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Palatka, Florida|Palatka]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | March 4, 1897 –<br/>March 3, 1905 |
| nowrap | March 4, 1897 –<br/>March 3, 1905 |
||
Line 231: | Line 332: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File: |
| align=left | [[File:CLARK, FRANK. HONORABLE LCCN2016856438 (resized).jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Frank Clark (politician)|Frank Clark]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | March 4, 1905 –<br/>March 3, 1925 |
| nowrap | March 4, 1905 –<br/>March 3, 1925 |
||
Line 238: | Line 339: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:RobertAGreen.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Robert A. Green]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:RobertAGreen.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Robert A. Green]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Starke, Florida|Starke]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | March 4, 1925 –<br/>January 3, 1943 |
| nowrap | March 4, 1925 –<br/>January 3, 1943 |
||
Line 245: | Line 346: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Emory H. Price.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Emory H. Price]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Emory H. Price.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Emory H. Price]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | January 3, 1943 –<br/>January 3, 1949 |
| nowrap | January 3, 1943 –<br/>January 3, 1949 |
||
Line 252: | Line 353: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Charles E. Bennett.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Charles Edward Bennett|Charles E. Bennett]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Charles E. Bennett.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Charles Edward Bennett|Charles E. Bennett]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | January 3, 1949 –<br/>January 3, 1967 |
| nowrap | January 3, 1949 –<br/>January 3, 1967 |
||
Line 259: | Line 360: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Don Fuqua 1961.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Don Fuqua]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Don Fuqua 1961.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Don Fuqua]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Altha, Florida|Altha]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | January 3, 1967 –<br/>January 3, 1987 |
| nowrap | January 3, 1967 –<br/>January 3, 1987 |
||
Line 266: | Line 367: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left rowspan=2| [[File:Bill Grant.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[James W. Grant]]''' |
| align=left rowspan=2| [[File:Bill Grant.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[James W. Grant]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Madison, Florida|Madison]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | January 3, 1987 –<br/>February 21, 1989 |
| nowrap | January 3, 1987 –<br/>February 21, 1989 |
||
Line 278: | Line 379: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Petepeterson.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Pete Peterson]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Petepeterson.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Pete Peterson]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Marianna, Florida|Marianna]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | January 3, 1991 –<br/>January 3, 1997 |
| nowrap | January 3, 1991 –<br/>January 3, 1997 |
||
Line 285: | Line 386: | ||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Allen Boyd, official photo portrait, color.jpeg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Allen Boyd]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Allen Boyd, official photo portrait, color.jpeg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Allen Boyd]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Monticello, Florida|Monticello]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | January 3, 1997 –<br/>January 3, 2011 |
| nowrap | January 3, 1997 –<br/>January 3, 2011 |
||
| {{USCongressOrdinal|105|111}} |
| {{USCongressOrdinal|105|111}} |
||
| [[1996 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Elected in 1996]].<br/>[[1998 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 1998]].<br/>[[2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2000]].<br/>[[2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2002]].<br/>[[2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2004]].<br/>[[2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2006]].<br/>[[2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2008]].<br/>Lost re-election. |
| [[1996 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Elected in 1996]].<br/>[[1998 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 1998]].<br/>[[2000 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2000]].<br/>[[2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2002]].<br/>[[2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2004]].<br/>[[2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2006]].<br/>[[2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida#District 2|Re-elected in 2008]].<br/>Lost re-election. |
||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left | [[File:Steve Southerland, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Steve Southerland (Florida)|Steve Southerland]]''' |
| align=left | [[File:Steve Southerland, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Steve Southerland (Florida)|Steve Southerland]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
||
| nowrap | January 3, 2011 –<br/>January 3, 2015 |
| nowrap | January 3, 2011 –<br/>January 3, 2015 |
||
| {{USCongressOrdinal|112|113}} |
| {{USCongressOrdinal|112|113}} |
||
| [[2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Elected in 2010]].<br/>[[2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2012]].<br/>Lost re-election. |
| [[2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida#District 2|Elected in 2010]].<br/>[[2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida#District 2|Re-elected in 2012]].<br/>Lost re-election. |
||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left |[[File:Official Congressional Portrait of Gwen Graham (FL-02).jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Gwen Graham]]''' |
| align=left |[[File:Official Congressional Portrait of Gwen Graham (FL-02).jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Gwen Graham]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |
||
| nowrap | January 3, 2015 –<br/>January 3, 2017 |
| nowrap | January 3, 2015 –<br/>January 3, 2017 |
||
| {{USCongressOrdinal|114}} |
| {{USCongressOrdinal|114}} |
||
| [[2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Elected in 2014]].<br/>Retired. |
| [[2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida#District 2|Elected in 2014]].<br/>Retired due to redistricting. |
||
|- style="height:3em" |
|- style="height:3em" |
||
| align=left |[[File:Neal Dunn 115th Congress photo.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Neal Dunn]] ''' |
| align=left |[[File:Neal Dunn 115th Congress photo.jpg|100px]]<br/>'''[[Neal Dunn]] '''<br>{{Small|([[Panama City, Florida|Panama City]])}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
||
| nowrap | January 3, 2017 –<br/> |
| nowrap | January 3, 2017 –<br/>present |
||
| {{USCongressOrdinal|115|Present}} |
| {{USCongressOrdinal|115|Present}} |
||
| [[2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Elected in 2016]].<br/>[[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2018]].<br/>[[2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2020]].<br />[[2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida|Re-elected in 2022]] |
| [[2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida#District 2|Elected in 2016]].<br/>[[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida#District 2|Re-elected in 2018]].<br/>[[2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida#District 2|Re-elected in 2020]].<br />[[2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida#District 2|Re-elected in 2022]]. |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 624: | Line 725: | ||
| candidate = '''[[Neal Dunn]] (incumbent)''' |
| candidate = '''[[Neal Dunn]] (incumbent)''' |
||
| party = Republican Party (United States) |
| party = Republican Party (United States) |
||
| votes = '''180, |
| votes = '''180,236''' |
||
| percentage = '''59. |
| percentage = '''59.8%''' |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box candidate with party link no change |
{{Election box candidate with party link no change |
||
| candidate = [[Al Lawson]] (incumbent) |
| candidate = [[Al Lawson]] (incumbent) |
||
| party = Democratic Party (United States) |
| party = Democratic Party (United States) |
||
| votes = 121, |
| votes = 121,153 |
||
| percentage = 40. |
| percentage = 40.2% |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box total no change |
{{Election box total no change |
||
| votes = 301, |
| votes = 301,389 |
||
| percentage = 100.0 |
| percentage = 100.0 |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 644: | Line 745: | ||
==Historical district boundaries== |
==Historical district boundaries== |
||
<gallery> |
<gallery> |
||
File: |
File:FL02 109.PNG|{{center|'''2003–2013'''}} |
||
File: |
File:Florida US Congressional District 2 (since 2013).tif|{{center|'''2013–2017'''}} |
||
File:FL02 115.png|{{center|'''2017–2023'''}} |
|||
</gallery> |
</gallery> |
||
Latest revision as of 21:28, 10 January 2025
Florida's 2nd congressional district | |
---|---|
Representative | |
Area | 12,871[1] sq mi (33,340 km2) |
Distribution |
|
Population (2023) | 799,012[3] |
Median household income | $63,306[4] |
Ethnicity |
|
Cook PVI | R+8[5] |
Florida's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Florida. The district consists of the eastern part of the Florida Panhandle along with much of the Big Bend region along the Emerald Coast. It straddles both the Eastern and Central time zones. It includes Tallahassee, the state capital, and Panama City. With 49% of its residents living in rural areas, it is the least urbanized district in the state, and the voters are generally conservative. The district is represented by Republican Neal Dunn of Panama City.
Characteristics
[edit]Florida's 2nd Congressional District is the largest congressional district in Florida by land area and consists of all of Bay, Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Taylor, Wakulla, and Washington counties, as well as portions of Walton and Lafayette.
Most of the territory now in the 2nd was the 9th District from 1963 to 1983; it has been the 2nd since 1983. For most of its existence, the 2nd and its predecessors were centered in Tallahassee, the state capital and county seat of Leon County. While the adjacent 1st and 3rd congressional districts had become the most conservative districts in the state by the 1990s, the 2nd District was historically more of a swing district. With a large population of students, government workers and university faculty, Tallahassee was far more liberal than the rest of the district. Democrat Barack Obama received 62 percent of the Leon County vote in the 2008 presidential election, but Republican John McCain received 54 percent of the 2nd district's vote overall.[6] The district had become somewhat friendlier to Republicans when conservative-leaning Panama City was shifted from the 1st District.
The district was significantly redrawn in a court-ordered redistricting that took effect for the 2016 election, following a lawsuit that challenged the district as gerrymandered, preventing African Americans from being able to elect representatives of their choice although they comprised a significant part of the population in the state. Under the new map, most of Tallahassee, along with nearly all of the 2nd's black residents, were drawn into the 5th District.
To make up for the loss in population, the 2nd was shifted slightly to the south to take in territory previously in the nearby 3rd and 11th districts. On paper, the new 2nd was more than 12 points more Republican than its predecessor. Mitt Romney had carried the old 2nd in 2012 although he received only 52 percent of the vote.[7] By comparison, Romney would have carried the new 2nd with 64 percent of the vote in 2012, making it on paper the third-most Republican district in the state.[8]
Voting
[edit]Recent election results from statewide races
[edit]Year | Office | Results[9] |
---|---|---|
2008 | President | McCain 53% - 46% |
2012 | President | Romney 54% - 46% |
2016 | President | Trump 54% - 42% |
Senate | Rubio 55% - 41% | |
2018 | Senate | Scott 53% - 47% |
Governor | DeSantis 53% - 46% | |
Attorney General | Moody 55% - 43% | |
Chief Financial Officer | Patronis 57% - 43% | |
2020 | President | Trump 55% - 44% |
2022 | Senate | Rubio 60% - 39% |
Governor | DeSantis 62% - 38% | |
Attorney General | Moody 64% - 36% | |
Chief Financial Officer | Patronis 64% - 36% |
Voter registration
[edit]Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of February 20, 2024[10] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | Voters | Percentage | |
Republican | 218,080 | 42.98% | |
Democratic | 187,805 | 37.01% | |
No Party Affiliation | 84,548 | 17.90% |
Composition
[edit]# | County | Seat | Population |
---|---|---|---|
5 | Bay | Panama City | 190,769 |
13 | Calhoun | Blountstown | 13,470 |
37 | Franklin | Apalachicola | 12,594 |
39 | Gadsden | Quincy | 43,833 |
45 | Gulf | Port St. Joe | 15,693 |
59 | Holmes | Bonifay | 19,944 |
63 | Jackson | Marianna | 48,622 |
65 | Jefferson | Monticello | 15,450 |
73 | Leon | Tallahassee | 296,913 |
77 | Liberty | Bristol | 7,706 |
79 | Madison | Madison | 18,519 |
123 | Taylor | Perry | 21,682 |
129 | Wakulla | Crawfordville | 36,449 |
131 | Walton | DeFuniak Springs | 86,354 |
133 | Washington | Chipley | 25,602 |
Cities with 10,000 or more people
[edit]- Tallahassee – 196,169
- Panama City – 32,939
- Bradfordville – 19,183
- Lynn Haven – 18,695
- Panama City Beach – 18,094
- Upper Grand Lagoon – 15,778
- Callaway – 13,045
2,500-10,000 people
[edit]- Springfield – 8,075
- Quincy – 7,970
- Perry – 7,059
- Marianna – 6,245
- DeFuniak Springs – 5,919
- Crawfordville – 4,853
- Lower Grand Lagoon – 4,398
- Laguna Beach – 4,330
- Woodville – 4,097
- Chipley – 3,660
- Midway – 3,537
- Port St. Joe – 3,357
- Cedar Grove – 3,148
- Chattahoochee – 2,955
- Madison – 2,912
- Pretty Bayou – 2,911
- Bonifay – 2,759
- Eastpoint – 2,614
- Carrabelle – 2,606
- Monticello – 2,589
List of members representing the district
[edit]Election results
[edit]2002
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Allen Boyd* | 152,164 | 67% | |
Republican | Tom McGurk | 75,275 | 33% | |
Total votes | 227,439 | 100% | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
2004
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Allen Boyd* | 201,577 | 62% | |
Republican | Bev Kilmer | 125,399 | 38% | |
Total votes | 326,976 | 100% | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
2006
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Allen Boyd* | 100% | ||
Total votes | 100% | |||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
2008
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Allen Boyd* | 216,804 | 62% | |
Republican | Mark Mulligan | 133,404 | 38% | |
No party | Others | 159 | 0.05 | |
Total votes | 350,367 | 100% | ||
Turnout | ||||
Democratic hold |
2010
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Steve Southerland | 136,371 | 54% | |||
Democratic | Allen Boyd* | 105,211 | 41% | |||
Independent | Paul Crandall McKain | 7,135 | 3% | |||
Independent | Dianne J. Berryhill | 5,705 | 2% | |||
No party | Others | 16 | 0 | |||
Total votes | 254,438 | 100% | ||||
Turnout | ||||||
Republican gain from Democratic |
2012
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Steve Southerland* | 175,856 | 53% | |
Democratic | Alfred Lawson, Jr. | 157,634 | 47% | |
No party | Floyd Patrick Miller | 228 | 0.01 | |
Total votes | 333,718 | 100% | ||
Turnout | ||||
Republican hold |
2014
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Gwen Graham | 126,096 | 50.5% | |||
Republican | Steve Southerland* | 123,262 | 49.3% | |||
Write-in | Luther Lee | 422 | 0.2% | |||
Total votes | 249,780 | 100% | ||||
Democratic gain from Republican |
2016
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Neal Dunn | 231,163 | 67% | |||
Democratic | Walter Dartland | 102,801 | 30% | |||
Libertarian | Rob Lapham | 9,395 | 3% | |||
No party | Others | 3 | 0 | |||
Total votes | 343,362 | 100% | ||||
Turnout | ||||||
Republican gain from Democratic |
2018
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Neal Dunn (Incumbent) | 199,335 | 67.4% | |
Democratic | Bob Rackleff | 96,233 | 32.6% | |
Total votes | 295,568 | 100% | ||
Turnout | ||||
Republican hold |
2020
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Neal Dunn (incumbent) | 305,337 | 97.86% | ||
Independent | Kim O'Connor (write-in) | 6,662 | 2.14% | ||
Total votes | 311,999 | 100.0 | |||
Republican hold |
2022
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Neal Dunn (incumbent) | 180,236 | 59.8% | ||
Democratic | Al Lawson (incumbent) | 121,153 | 40.2% | ||
Total votes | 301,389 | 100.0 | |||
Republican hold |
Historical district boundaries
[edit]-
2003–2013
-
2013–2017
-
2017–2023
References
[edit]- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
Notes
[edit]- ^ "Congressional Plan--SC14-1905 (Ordered by The Florida Supreme Court, 2-December-2015)" (PDF). Florida Senate Committee on Reapportionment. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
- ^ "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)". www.census.gov. US Census Bureau Geography.
- ^ "My Congressional District". www.census.gov. Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau.
- ^ "My Congressional District".
- ^ "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. July 12, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
- ^ "2008 Florida: Presidential County Results". The New York Times.
- ^ "Daily Kos Elections 2008 & 2012 presidential election results for congressional districts used in 2012 & 2014 elections". google.com.
- ^ "Florida election results by 2016 congressional districts". google.com.
- ^ https://davesredistricting.org/maps#viewmap::3a6791b9-a186-4691-a95c-5d51dbb3be1c
- ^ "Bookclosing Reports - Regular - Division of Elections - Florida Department of State". dos.myflorida.com. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
- ^ "November 4, 2014 General Election Official Results". Florida Department of State Division of Elections. Archived from the original on January 24, 2015. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
- ^ "Florida's 2nd Congressional District election, 2018".