English school of painting: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT[[English art]] |
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The '''English school of painting''' is an expression for [[England|English]] (or British) [[painter]]s who produced characteristically English [[painting]]s. |
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Generally, the term "school" is used to designate a special collection of traditions and processes, a particular method, a peculiar [[style]] in design, and an equally peculiar taste in [[coloring]] - all contributing to the representation of a national ideal existing in the minds of native artists at the same time. However, the term cannot be used in this way to characterize English art, because there is an absence of any national tradition that strikes one most forcibly in studying English painting. Each English painter seems to stand by himself - isolated from his brother artists. For the sake of brevity, all these separate manifestations are grouped together under the name of "English school of painting". Therefore, the term, primarily used in late 18th- and early 19th-century artists' biographies, may be called a construction. |
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Many scholars say there was no English school of painting before the [[18th century]], as the most important painters who worked in England came from abroad and English art lovers only liked paintings of foreign [[old masters]]. Others say English painting was influenced by native Celts whose work was repressed by the Church's invasion of the Island. During the 17th and 18th centuries the wealthy British nobility visited foreign countries where they acquired a large acquaintance with European, chiefly [[List of Italian painters|Italian]], art and its many schools. (''See also'' [[Grand Tour]].) As Sir [[James Thornhill]]'s paintings were executed in the [[Baroque]] style of the European [[Continent]], [[William Hogarth]] may be called the first genuine English artist - English in habits, disposition, and temperament, as well as by birth. His [[satire|satirical]] works, full of [[black humor]], are originally English, pointing out to contemporary society the deformities, weaknesses and vices of [[London]] life. |
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Some other experts are of the opinion that, in the [[17th century]], the [[Flemish]] painter Sir [[Anthony van Dyck]], who came to [[London]] in 1732, may be called the founder of an English school of painting, as many English [[portraitist]]s were his artistic heirs. However, Van Dyck was born in [[Antwerp (city)|Antwerp]]. Many other important artists from abroad, such as [[Hans Holbein the Younger]], Sir [[Peter Lely]] or Sir [[Godfrey Kneller]], settled for long periods in Britain, where they had a great influence on native painting. |
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In the 18th and early 19th century, a number of outstanding British artists produced [[portrait]]s. Among them were [[Thomas Gainsborough]]; Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]], founder of the [[Royal Academy of Arts]]; [[George Romney (painter)|George Romney]]; Sir [[Henry Raeburn]]; and Sir [[Thomas Lawrence]]. [[Joseph Wright of Derby]] was well known for his minute candlelight pictures, [[George Stubbs]] for his animal paintings. [[Paul Sandby]] was called the father of English [[watercolor painting]]. Notable [[landscape]] painters were [[Richard Wilson (painter)|Richard Wilson]]; [[George Morland]]; [[John Robert Cozens]]; [[Thomas Girtin]]; [[John Constable]]; [[J.M.W. Turner]]; and [[John Linnell]]. The [[Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood|Pre-Raphaelite]] movement, established in the 1840s, dominated English art in the second half of the 19th century. Its members - [[William Holman Hunt]]; [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]]; [[John Everett Millais]] and others - concentrated on religious, literary, and [[genre]] subjects executed in a colorful and minutely detailed style. |
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==Bibliography== |
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*Ernest Chesneau. ''The English School of Painting'' (London, 1885) |
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*[[Nikolaus Pevsner]], ''The Englishness of English Art'' (London, 1956) |
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*William Gaunt, ''The Great Century of British Painting: Hogarth to Turner'' (London, 1971) |
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*Joseph Burke, ''English Art, 1714-1800'' (Oxford, 1976) |
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*David Bindman (ed.), ''The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of British Art'' (London, 1985) |
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*William Vaughan, ''British Painting: The Golden Age from Hogarth to Turner'' (London, 1999) |
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''See also'' [[List of British painters]] |
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==External Links== |
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*[http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0028010.html Hutchinson Encyclopedia: English art] |
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*[http://gallery.euroweb.hu/tours/english/18_cent.html English Art in the 18th Century] |
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*[http://www.hearts-ease.org/cgi-bin/index_g.cgi?period=1&s=2 18th Century England] |
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*[http://come.to/William_Hogarth The Site for Research on William Hogarth (1697-1764): English Art of the Eighteenth Century] |
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Latest revision as of 16:44, 25 October 2007
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