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The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen wants to give men freedom. The document states men are citizens , can “freely speak, write, and print” and also decide on taxation. Taxation is expanded to all, not depending on social rank, and amount of taxes depend on the citizens pay. Even though the citizens can decide on taxation, point 14 mentions it might be “through their representatives,” limiting democracy. At the time, France wished for equality and rights, but was not interested in becoming a democracy. Rather, France was to be a constitutional monarchy. The document states the importance of property, considering it a “sacred right” and it was only be taken away if “public necessity, legally determined, clearly requires such action.” For the sake of equality, depriving property from a citizen would be allowed if it was for the good of the public. All rights of men should be protected, and citizens have rights to question mistreatment against their liberties. Points 12 and 13 declare the need for a public force, concerning the people and not the interests of a single individual, to protect rights of the man. |
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The Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen looks to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Olympe de Gouges encourages women to recognize their rights, declaring, “woman is born free and lives equal to man in her rights.” The rights of “liberty, property, security, and… resistance to oppression” given to men in the previous document are extended to women as well. Neither man nor woman is given superiority, as the document states the highest authority is in the nation, which is “the union of woman and man.” The law is also made equal for men and women, both contributing to the establishment of laws, and as the document says “women, like men, obey this rigorous law.” Olympe de Gouges also declares women can have the same occupations as men, and she wants women to be able to speak as freely. Women are given an “equal share… of wealth… of public administration” and they have a say indetermining taxation, just like men do in the previous document. As property is important in the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen, Olympe de Gouges extends the privilege to women, still considering it a “sacred right.” Olympe de Gouges applies the same rule to the document, saying that property can only be deprived of a citizen if it is required by the public. The Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen is radical, especially compared to the next document, and it keenly encourages women to embrace their rights. |
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Petition of Women of the Third Estate |
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In this petition, the women talk about their harsh life, and want to improve it: “The women of the Third Estate are almost all born without wealth; their education is very neglected.” The document is less radical, wishing for women to keep their traditional work and promising to stay out of fields that belong to men. The women declare, “if we are left at least with the needle and the spindle, we promise never to handle the compass or the square.” Although they wish for some occupations to be strictly for women, the document also suggests rules, wanting the women to pass an examination before being employed. |
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The women wish for education so that they would become better wives or mothers, not to challenge men. The virtues women wish to train are “gentleness, modesty, patience, charity,” and they have no desire to practice sciences. These women are wishing for education and work so that they would have better lives, so that poverty wouldn’t convince them to become prostitutes. Prostitution is considered a shame on all women, and the document suggests identification for prostitutes so that a good woman wouldn’t be mistaken as one. They accept the superiority of men, knowing the beliefs of the time. As women had no rights and weren’t highly regarded, the document only asks for some changes, still keeping in mind the accepted task of women at the time, and not trying to make women seem higher than could be tolerated. The women might accept the limitations so that there is a better chance the king would listen to their requests, but they seem to also humbly believe they are not able to engage in the same activities as men. The document doesn’t wish for women the same rights or voice in politics, only minor changes to help improve their lives. |
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