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+#REDIRECT [[Uttarakhand]]
-{{verify}}
-{{India state infobox|
-state_name=Uttarakhand |
-image_map=India_Uttaranchal_locator_map.svg |
-capital=[[Dehradun]]<sup>†</sup> |
-latd = 30.19|longd=78.04|
-largest_city=[[Dehradun]]|
-abbreviation=IN-UL |
-official_languages=[[Hindi]], [[Garhwali]], [[Kumaoni]] |
-legislature_type=Unicameral |
-legislature_strength=30 |
-governor_name=[[Sudarshan Aggarwal]]|
-chief_minister=[[Narayan Dutt Tiwari]] |
-established_date=[[2000-11-09]] |
-area=53,566 |
-area_rank=18th |
-area_magnitude=10 |
-population_year=2001 |
-population=8,479,562  |
-population_rank=19th |
-population_density=159 |
-districts=13 |
-website=ua.nic.in |
-seal=[[image:Uttaranchalseal.png|center]] |
-footnotes = <sup>†</sup> Dehradun is the provisional capital of the state. The new capital has not yet been chosen. |
-}}
-'''Uttaranchal''' {{audio|Uttaranchal.ogg|pronunciation}} ([[Hindi]]: उत्तरांचल), renamed [[Uttarakhand]], became the 27th [[States and territories of India|state]] of the Republic of [[India]] on [[November 9]], [[2000]]. Uttarakhand borders [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] ([[China]]) to the north and [[Nepal]] to the east, while its neighbour states are [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the west and [[Uttar Pradesh]] (of which it formed a part before 2000) in the south. The region is traditionally referred to as [[Uttarakhand]] in Hindu scriptures and old literature, a term which derives from the Sanskrit for ''Northern Country''. In August 2006, the Union Cabinet assented to the demand of the state government and region's social movements to change the name of the state back to [[Uttarakhand]]. This change was made official with the President's approval of the Uttaranchal (Alteration of name) Bill 2006 in the last week of 2006.  The provisional capital of Uttarakhand is [[Dehra Dun]] which is also a rail-head and the largest city in the region. The small hamlet of [[Gairsen]] has been mooted as the future capital owing to its geographic centrality but controversies and lack of resources have led Dehra Dun to be the provisional capital. The High Court of the state is in [[Nainital]].
-Uttarakhand is a region of outstanding natural beauty. Most of the northern parts of the state are part of Greater Himalaya ranges, covered by the high [[Himalaya]]n peaks and glaciers, while the lower foothills were densely forested till denuded by the British log merchants and forest contractors after independence. Recent efforts in forestation, however, have been successful in restoring the situation to some extent. The unique Himalayan ecosystem plays host to a large number of animals (including [[bharal]], [[snow leopard]]s, [[leopard]]s and [[tiger]]s), plants and rare herbs. Two of India's mightiest rivers, the [[Ganges River|Ganga]] and the [[Yamuna]] take birth in the glaciers of Uttarakhand, and are fed by myriad lakes, glacial melts and streams in the region.
-The tourism industry is a major contributor to the economy of Uttarakhand, with the [[Jim Corbett National Park|Corbett National Park and Tiger Reserve]] and the nearby hill-stations of [[Nainital]] and Bhimtal and several other hill-stations like [[Mussoorie]], [[Almora]] and [[Ranikhet]] being among the most frequented destinations of India. To this region, aptly called "land of the Gods" (''Devbhoomi''), also belong some of the holiest Hindu shrines, and for almost 2000 years now, pilgrims have been visiting the temples at [[Haridwar]], [[Badrinath]], [[Kedarnath]] and Jageshwar in the hope of salvation and purification from sin. [[Rishikesh]] near Haridwar has the major spiritual and yoga centers of India. [[Gangotri]] and [[Yamunotri]], the sources of the [[Ganges]] and [[Yamuna]] also fall in this region and are revered by many. Besides these most popular pilgrim centers, the state has an abundance of temples and shrines, references to most of which can be found in Hindu scriptures and legends. The architecture of most of these temples is typical of the region and slightly different from other parts of India, the ancient temples at Jageshwar being the most popular for their architectural importance.
-Uttarakhand is comprised of two regions, the western half known as [[Garhwal]] and the eastern region going by the name of [[Kumaon]], the two having different chieftains in history and different lingual and cultural influences due to proximity and neighbourhood of different cultures. The inseparable and complementary nature of their geography, economy, culture, language and traditions, however, has created strong bondages between the two regions.
-Recent developments in the region include initiatives by the state government to capitalise on the burgeoning tourist trade as well as tax incentives to lure high-tech industry to the state. The state also has big-dam projects, controversial and often criticised in India, such as the very large [[Tehri dam]] on the Bhagirathi-Bhilangana rivers, conceived in 1953 and about to reach completion.
-== People ==
-The native people call themselves [[Garhwali]]/[[Kumaoni]] and more than 90% of them are [[Hindu]]s, ethnically belonging to the Indo-aryan group. Many also colloquially call themselves [[Pahari]] meaning "hill person" to distinguish themselves from [[Desi]]s of the rest of India. Most of them identify themselves in the upper castes. Other ethnic communities in the region include [[Nepali]] who have arrived over the past century from the neighbouring country of Nepal, and the Tibatan migrants settled called as the Jadh, Marcha and Shauka on the Indo-Tibetan frontier, collectively known as the [[Bhotiya]], and nomadic cattle herders known as [[Gujjar]] in the southern Terai region. Many [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]]s after the partition of India, [[Bengali people|Bengali]]s, and [[Tibetan people|Tibetans]] of Eastern Tibet region (KHAMPA) have also settled in the southern plains part of the state.
-The [[Tharu]] and [[Buksha]] can also be found in the hilly [[Terai region]], although these areas are now heavily populated by a mixed population from [[Punjab region|Punjab]] and the adjoining plains.
-[[Kumaoni]] and [[Garhwali]] dialects are spoken is [[Kumaon]] and [[Garhwal]] region respectively. [[Jaunsari]] and [[Bhotia]] is also spoken in the region by some Tribal Communities. In various regions a mixture of both Kumaoni and Garhwali is also spoken. The city population however converse mostly in Hindi.
-The majority of people in this state are [[Rajputs]].
-== Geography ==
-Uttarakhand lies on the south slope of the mighty [[Himalaya]] range, and the climate and vegetation vary greatly with elevation, from glaciers at the highest elevations to tropical forests at the lower elevations. The highest elevations are covered by ice and bare rock. The [[Western Himalayan Alpine Shrub and Meadows]] [[ecoregion]] lies between 3000-3500 and 5000 meters elevation; tundra and alpine meadows cover the highest elevations, transitioning to ''[[Rhododendron]]''-dominated shrublands below. The [[Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests]] lie just below the tree line; at 3000-2600 meters elevation they transition to the [[Western Himalayan broadleaf forests]], which lie in a belt from 2,600 to 1,500 meters elevation. Below 1500 meters elevation lies western end of the drier [[Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands]] belt, and the [[Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests]]. This belt is locally known as [[Bhabhar]].These lowland forests have mostly been cleared for agriculture, but a few pockets remain.
-[[National parks of India|Indian National Parks]] in Uttarakhand include the [[Jim Corbett National Park]] (the oldest national park of India) at Ramnagar in [[Nainital]] District, [[Valley of Flowers|Valley of Flowers National Park]] and [[Nanda Devi]] National Park in [[Chamoli]] District, [[Rajaji National Park]] in [[Haridwar]] District, and [[Govind Pashu Vihar National Park]] and [[Gangotri National Park]] in [[Uttarkashi]] District.
-[[Berinag]] and [[Chaukori]] are tiny, pristine hill stations with spectacular views of the [[Himalaya]] peaks.
-== Statistics ==
-*Total Geographical area: 51,125 km²
-:Hill Area: 92.57%
-:Plain Area: 7.43%
-:Area Covered By Forest: 63%
-*[[Location (geography)|Location]]
-:[[Longitude]] 77° 34' 27" East to 81° 02' 22" E
-:[[Latitude]] 28° 53' 24" North to 31° 27' 50" N
-*Total Population: 7,050,634 (Male : Female = 1000 : 976)
-:Male: % 51.91
-:Female: % 48.81
-:Rural Population: 76.90%
-:Urban Population: 23.10%
-:Other Minorities: 2.0%(approx)
-*Primary ethnic group: Indo-Aryans
-*[[Literacy in India|Literacy Rate]]: 72%
-*Villages: 15620
-*Cities and Urban Areas: 81
-*Railway Stations: Kotwara, Dehradun, Haridwar, Rishikesh, [[Haldwani]], Lalkuan, Kathgodam, Tanakpur
-*Airports: Pant Nagar, Nainisaine, Jolly Grant
-*Major Peaks (height in m above sea level)
-:Gauri Parvat (6590), [[Gangotri]] (6614), Panch Chhuli ( 6910), Nanda Devi (7816), Nanda Kot (6861), Kamet ( 7756), Badrinath (7140), Trishul (7120), Chaukhamba (7138), Dunagiri (7066)
-*Major Passes
-:Mana (5450), Nitipass (5070), Lipulekh ( 5122), LumpiaDhura (5650)
-*[[Industry]]
-:[[Tourism]], [[Dairy]], [[Agriculture]], [[Horticulture]], [[Floriculture]], [[Sugar]] and other small scale industries
-*Festivals
-:Uttarani, [[Nanda Devi]] Mela, [[Holi]], [[Diwali]], [[Dasara]], Kandali, Hilljatra, Bikhoti, Bagwal, Harela, Ghugutee
-*Events
-:Sardotasv, Basantotsav, [[Nanda Devi Raj Jat]], Chipla Kedar Jaat, [[Kedarnath]] Yatra, Badrinath Yatra, [[Kumbh Mela]], Ardh Kumbh Mela, [[Ramleela]]
-*Trade Centers
-:[[Haldwani]], [[Rudrapur]], [[Roorkee]], [[Tanakpur]], [[Dehradun]], [[Haridwar]], [[Kotdwar]], [[Rishikesh]]
-==Districts==
-[[Image:UttarakhandDistricts.png|thumb|300px|right|Districts of Uttarakhand (as of 2001)]]
-Uttarakhand is divided into 13 districts: [[Almora]], [[Bageshwar]], [[Chamoli]], [[Champawat]], [[Dehradun]], [[Haridwar]], [[Nainital]], [[Pauri]] (Pauri Garhwal), [[Pithoragarh]], [[Rudraprayag]], [[Tehri]] (Tehri Garhwal), [[Udham Singh Nagar]], and [[Uttarkashi]]. These districts form two divisions; [[Garhwal]] division includes Chamoli, Dehradun, Haridwar, Pauri Garhwal, Rudraprayag, Tehri, and Uttarkashi districts, and [[Kumaon]] division includes Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Udham Singh Nagar.
-==Economy==
-Uttarakhand's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $6 billion in current prices. Born out of partition of Uttar Pradesh, the new state of Uttarakhand produces about 8% of the output of the old Uttar Pradesh state. Consolidated Finvest and Holdings, a ''S&P CNX 500'' conglomerate has its corporate office in Uttarakhand. It reported a gross income of Rs.137 million for 2005. {{fact}}
-==Education==
-Uttarakhand has educational institutions of major importance to India and the world. It is home to the oldest engineering college of the country, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (formerly University of Roorkee). Other universities of prime importance include the G. B. Pant University and Kumaon University. Historically, Uttarakhand is believed to be the land where the Vedas and the Shastras were composed and the great epic, the Mahabharata, was written. Today, Rishikesh (near Hardwar) is widely considered the Yoga capital of the world.
-The current literacy rate in Uttarakhand is 72% which is higher than the National Literacy rate.
-==External links==
-*[http://ua.nic.in/ Government of Uttarakhand] Official site
-*[http://ua2uk.info/ Uttaranchal to Uttarakhand Conversion] Providing assistance for name conversion to Uttarakhand
-*[http://uttarakhandmaps.info/ Uttarakhand Maps]
-*[http://uttarakhand.org/ Uttarakhand Home Page] Earliest web site that traces the history of the separate state movement that gave birth to the state
-*[http://www.uttarakhand.com/culture/music/index.html Music of Uttarakhand] Collection of music from Uttarakhand
-*[http://www.uttaranchal.ws Uttarakhand Community] Largest Uttarakhand online community, http://www.uttaranchal.ws
-*[http://www.younguttaranchal.com The Young Uttarakhand] The Largest Community of Uttarakhandis on Web.
-*[http://www.uttaranchalonline.info Uttarakhand Online] An informative site for uttaranchal
-*[http://sourcesdugange.blogspot.com/ Images from Uttarakhand] Claude Renault
-*[http://www.rungmung.net/Uttaranchal%20Roads/index.php Uttarakhand Roads on Google Earth]
-*[http://www.hamarauttaranchal.com A complete bi-lingual site on Uttarakhand
-{{India}}
-[[Category:Uttaranchal|*]]
-[[Category:States and territories of India]]
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