Attribution theory: Difference between revisions
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'''Attribution theory''' is an influential contemporary [[social psychology]] theory developed by [[Fritz Heider]]<ref>Heider, Fritz. (1958). ''The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations''. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-36833-4</ref>, [[Harold Kelley]], [[Edward E. Jones]], [[Lee Ross]], and [[Bernard Weiner]]<ref>Weiner, B. (1974). Achievement motivation and attribution theory. Morristown, N.J.: General Learning Press.</ref>. It incorporates behavior modification in the sense that it emphasizes the idea that learners are strongly motivated by the pleasant outcome of being able to feel good about themselves. It incorporates cognitive theory and self-efficacy theory in the sense that it emphasizes that learners' current self-perceptions will strongly influence the ways in which they will interpret the success or failure of their current efforts and hence their future tendency to perform these same behaviors<ref>{{cite web|title=Attribution Theory|url=http://education.calumet.purdue.edu/vockell/edPsybook/Edpsy5/edpsy5_attribution.htm|accessdate=2011-02-01}}</ref>. |
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The theory explores how individuals "attribute" causes to events and behavior. |
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==Elements of Attribution Theory== |
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Developed by [[Bernard Weiner]] |
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1. '''Locus''' - location of the cause—internal (dispositional) or external (situational) to the person |
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* Closely related to feelings of self-esteem |
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* If success or failure is attributed to internal factors, success will lead to pride and increased motivation, whereas failure will diminish self-esteem |
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2. '''Stability''' - whether the cause is likely to stay the same in the near future or can change |
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* Closely related to expectations about the future |
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* If students attribute their failure to stable factors such as the difficulty of the subject, they will expect to fail in that subject in the future |
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3. '''Controllability''' - whether the person can control the cause |
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* Related to ambitions such as anger, pity, gratitude, or shame |
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* If we feel responsible for our failures, we may feel guilt |
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* If we feel responsible for our successes, we may feel proud |
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* Failing at a task we cannot control can lead to shame or anger |
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<ref>Second Canadian Edition of Educational Psychology, by Anita Woolfolk, Philip Winne, and Nancy Perry.</ref> |
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==Covariation Theory== |
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Developed by [[Harold Dick]] examines how people decide whether an internal or an external attribution will be made. |
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The theory divides the way people attribute [[causes]] into two types. |
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* "External" or "situational" [[attribution]] assigns causality to an '''outside factor''', such as the [[weather]]. |
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* "Internal" or "dispositional" attribution assigns causality to factors within the '''person''', such as their own level of [[intelligence (trait)|intelligence]] or other variables that make the individual responsible for the event. |
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The [[covariation model]] has been developed by H. H. Kelley. |
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==See also== |
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{{Portal|Psychology}} |
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* [[Attributional bias]] |
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* [[Fundamental attribution error]] |
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* [[Causality|Causation]] |
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* [[Educational psychology]] |
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* [[Correspondent inference theory]] |
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* [[Locus of control]] |
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* [[Explanatory style]] |
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* [[Self-serving bias]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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* Woolfolk, Anita (2007). Educational Psychology. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.. |
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* Vockell, Edward L (2001). [http://education.calumet.purdue.edu/Vockell/EdPsyBook/Edpsy5/edpsy5_attribution.htm Chapter 5], ''Educational Psychology: A Practical Approach''. |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Attribution Theory}} |
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[[Category:Attitude attribution]] |
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[[Category:Consumer behaviour]] |
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[[Category:Social psychology]] |
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[[Category:Consciousness studies]] |
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[[ar:نظرية العزو]] |
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[[az:Atribusiya nəzəriyyəsi]] |
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[[bg:Атрибутивна теория]] |
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[[cs:Atribuce]] |
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[[de:Attributionstheorien]] |
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[[es:Teoría de la atribución]] |
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[[ko:귀인 이론]] |
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[[it:Teoria dell'attribuzione]] |
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[[he:תאוריית הייחוס]] |
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[[lt:Atribucijos teorija]] |
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[[nl:Attributie (psychologie)]] |
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[[ja:帰属理論]] |
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[[pl:Teoria atrybucji]] |
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[[pt:Teoria da atribuição]] |
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[[sv:Attributionsteorier]] |
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[[tr:Yükleme teorisi]] |
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[[zh:归因理论]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:57, 29 March 2011
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