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{{about|the trainer biplane of 1912|the flying boat of the 1940s with the designation S.45|Short Seaford}} |
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<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> |
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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |
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| name=S.45 |
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| image= |
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| caption= |
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}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
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| type=Seaplane trainer<ref name="JEA">Taylor 1989, p.801</ref> |
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| national origin=United Kingdom |
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| manufacturer=[[Short Brothers]] |
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| designer= |
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| first flight=24 May 1912 |
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| introduced= |
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| retired= |
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| status= |
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| primary user=[[Royal Navy]] |
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| number built=4 |
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| developed from= [[Short S.36]] |
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| variants with their own articles= |
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}} |
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|} |
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{{tl|User:Rlandmann/tt|type=military aircraft|Type=Military aircraft|194}} |
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The '''Short S.45''' — also known as the '''Short T.5''' after its naval serial number<ref name="JEA"/> — was a training biplane built for Britain's [[Royal Navy]] by [[Short Brothers]] in 1912. It was the forerunner of another three identical aircraft (designated '''S.48''', '''S.49''', and '''S.50''' by Shorts) delivered to the Royal Navy the following year. |
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==Design and Development== |
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The design was similar<ref>indeed, so similar that at least some sources such as ''Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I'' (p.78) and Thetford's ''British Naval Aircraft Since 1912'' (p.455) treat the S.36 and S.45 types as one and the same.</ref> to that of the [[Short S.36]], a sporting biplane built for [[Frank McClean]] that he lent to the [[Eastchurch airfield|Navy Flying School, Eastchurch]] for evaluation. Cdr [[Charles Rumney Samson]] and Capt [[Eugene Gerrard]] test flew the aircraft early in 1912. The pleasing performance of the S.36 led to an order by the Admiralty for two aircraft of similar configuration but differing in detail in March that year. Shorts delivered these as the [[Short S.41|S.41]] and the '''S.45'''. |
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As delivered, the S.45 was a conventional design for its day, with a fuselage of square-cross section and two seats in open cockpits in tandem. The wire-braced wings had two bays and were unstaggered, and the fuselage was mounted part-way between them. The upper wing had a larger span than the lower, and carried large ailerons at its tips. The tail was cruciform in shape and the undercarriage was designed to be interchangeable to allow the S.45 to be flown as a seaplane or landplane. The machine was powered by a single rotary engine in the nose, turning a two-blade propeller. In seaplane configuration, the undercarriage consisted of a single pontoon mounted beneath the fuselage, with airbags on short struts under each wing. A third airbag was later fitted under the tail to keep it out of the water while the aircraft was under tow. |
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==Operational history== |
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The S.45 flew for the first time on 24 May 1912 as a landplane with Lt [[Spencer Grey]] at the controls and was accepted for Navy service with the serial number T.5 ("T" signifying "tractor"). Together with the S.41, the aircraft participated in the Naval Review at [[Portsmouth]] in July. It was soon joined in service by the S.48 (serial 413), which Capt Gerrard delivered to the [[Central Flying School]] at [[Upavon]] on 10 October. Although evaluated by Capt [[John Salmond]] as underpowered, it flew regularly until damaged beyond repair in a landing accident on 4 December when it stalled on approach. |
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Meanwhile, the S.45 underwent considerable modification, including a new engine cowling, a built-up coaming around the cockpits, revised ailerons, and upper wings of greater span. The wing extensions were braced with a [[kingpost]] and wires. Its serial was changed from "T.5" to simply "5" when army and navy aircraft serials were merged into one system in late 1912. |
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At the start of 1913, the Central Flying School received two further examples of the type: Capt Gerrard delivered the S.50 (serial 424) on 17 February and the S.49 (serial 423) on 22 February. Not long after, these aircraft disappeared from the records when their serial numbers were re-assigned to two [[Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.8]]s.<ref>Barnes (p. ???) describes these reassignments as examples of an accounting trick perpetrated by the [[War Office]]. The ruse was intended to disguise how few serviceable aircraft were actually available to the Royal Flying Corps when [[J. E. B. Seely, 1st Baron Mottistone|"Colonel" Seely]], Secretary of State for War, was questioned on this topic by his political opponents in parliament.</ref> Eventually, stripped of their engines and identities, the War Office declared the two airframes to be surplus to requirements, and transferred them to the Admiralty in August 1914. In Royal Naval Air Service hands, the aircraft were re-engined with 100-hp (75-kW) Clerget rotary engines and assigned serial numbers 1268 and 1279. The RNAS operated them at the Navy Flying School and they remained in service at the outbreak of World War I.<ref name="JEA"/> |
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<!-- ==Variants== --> |
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<!-- ==Units using this aircraft/Operators (choose)== --> |
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==Specifications (S.45) == |
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{{aerospecs |
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|ref=<!-- reference -->''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1913'', p.55 and Barnes 1967, p.87 |
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|met or eng?=<!-- eng for US/UK aircraft, met for all others. You MUST include one or the other here, or no specifications will show -->eng |
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|crew=Two, pilot and instructor |
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|capacity= |
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|length m=10.80 |
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|length ft=35 |
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|length in=6 |
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|span m=12.90 |
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|span ft=42 |
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|span in=0 |
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|swept m=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|swept ft=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|swept in=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|rot number=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|rot dia m=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|rot dia ft=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|rot dia in=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|dia m=<!-- airships etc --> |
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|dia ft=<!-- airships etc --> |
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|dia in=<!-- airships etc --> |
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|width m=<!-- if applicable --> |
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|width ft=<!-- if applicable --> |
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|width in=<!-- if applicable --> |
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|height m= |
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|height ft= |
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|height in= |
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|wing area sqm=41.8 |
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|wing area sqft=450 |
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|swept area sqm=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|swept area sqft=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|rot area sqm=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|rot area sqft=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|volume m3=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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|volume ft3=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|wing profile=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|empty weight kg=490 |
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|empty weight lb=1,080 |
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|gross weight kg=680 |
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|gross weight lb=1,500 |
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|lift kg=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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|lift lb=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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|eng1 number=1 |
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|eng1 type=[[Gnome]] rotary |
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|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->50 |
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|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->70 |
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|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|eng2 number= |
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|eng2 type= |
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|eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng2 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng2 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|eng2 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|max speed kmh=97 |
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|max speed mph=60 |
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|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft --> |
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|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|stall speed kmh=<!-- aerobatic and STOL aircraft --> |
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|stall speed mph=<!-- aerobatic and STOL aircraft --> |
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|range km= |
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|range miles= |
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|endurance h=<!-- if range unknown -->5 |
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|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|ceiling m= |
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|ceiling ft= |
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|g limits=<!-- aerobatic aircraft --> |
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|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic aircraft --> |
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|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|climb rate ms= |
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|climb rate ftmin= |
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|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|armament1= |
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|armament2= |
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|armament3= |
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|armament4= |
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|armament5= |
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|armament6= |
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}} |
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<!-- ==See also== --> |
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{{aircontent |
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<!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. --> |
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|see also= |
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|related=<!-- related developments --> |
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|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft --> |
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|lists=<!-- related lists --> |
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}} |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==References== |
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* {{cite book |last= Barnes |first= C. H. |title=Shorts Aircraft since 1900 |year=1967 |publisher=Putnam |location=London }} |
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* {{cite journal |last=Bruce |first=J.M. |date=14 December 1956 |title= The Short Seaplanes: Historical Military Aircraft No. 14 Part I |journal=[[Flight International|Flight]] |page=921–26 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%200265.html |accessdate=2010-02-13 }} |
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* {{cite book |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft |publisher=Aerospace Publishing|location=London |pages=2912 }} |
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* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=801 }} |
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<!-- ==External links== --> |
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{{Aviation lists}} |
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[[Category: ]] |
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Latest revision as of 03:27, 19 December 2012
Some stuff here -- testing some template changes